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Мар of the units

Family and friends

Exploring the world

The entertainment industry

Active life

Learning

Natural world

People and style

Keeping up to date

Revision

4

6

14

22

з0

з8

46

54

62

7q

78

86

92

94

102

126

\28

@Cr"**ar reference

@witirrg guide

Irregular verbs

\l/ordlistpractice test

Visuals for Speaking

Acknowledgements

CONTENTS Е

Unit

1 Fаmilу andfriends

2 Exploring therMorld

торlýs,

FamilycelebrationsFriends

Adventure andtravelWhere you live

present and futuretenseSstate verbsComparisons

past tensesPrepositions of timeAdverb formation

Linking words andphrasesThe passive

Modal verbsPrepositionsfollowing verbs andadjectives

conditionals

countable anduncountable nounsArticlesso and such (а/ап),too and епоugh

Verbs andexpressionsfol]owed Ьу to-infinitive or -iпgfоrmReported speech

Relative clauses

Vocabulary

words oftenconfusedMatchingexpressions withsimilar meanings

Word building (1):

adjective suffixes(-аЬlе, -aI, -оus)

Cities, towns andvillages

Film and cinemaMusic

SportsFооdWоrd building (2):

noun suffixes (-ence,-ity, -(s/t)ion)

phrasal verbsSchool subjects andeducationСаrееrsEducation

Natural environmentand weatherEnvironmentaIproblemsWildlife

ClothesShoppingFeelings

Reading

Part 1: multiple-choice questions+ long text

Part 2: gappedtext

Part З: multiple-matching

Part 1: multiple-choice questions+ long text

Part З: multiple-matching

Part 2: gappedtext

Раrt 1: multiple-choice questions+ Iong text

3 Theentertainmentindustry

4 Active life

5 Learning

6 Natural world

Реорlе andstyle

8 Keeping upto date

FilmsMusic

SportsKeeping fit andhealthy

Ambitions andachievementsEducation

Environmentand weatherWildlife

Shopping andfashionPeople andfeelings

ScienceTechnology

ScienceComputeTsWord building (З):prefixes and suffixes

Part З: multiple-matching

Е мАр оF тнЕ uNITs

Part 1email:respondingappropriately,commenting, givingopinions, suggestingand apologising

Part 2 Story:Sequencmg, чSlпgафесtiчеs and adverbs

Part 2 review:organising paragraphs,linking words andрhrаsеs

Part 1 letter: uлritiпgformally апd informaliy

Part 2 report:formal and informallanguage, makingrecommendations

Part 2 article: keepingthe reader's attention,formal and informalstyles, introductionsand endings

Part 2 informa] letteT:linkingwords andphrases, describing аperSon

Part 2 еssау: planningап essay, uslng а rangeofvocabulary

Part 1: multiple-choicecloze

Listening

Part З: multiple-matching

Speeking

Part 1: leisure activitiesPart 2: comparing rлrауs ofspending free time

Part З: discussingpreferences, agreeing anddisagreeingPart 4: talking aboutwhеrе you live

Part 1: adding extTainformation andcommentSPart 2: talking aboutfiims and music, avoidingunknown words, givingpreferences

Part З: asking foropinions and reacting toopinionsPart 4: discussing sportsand keeping fit

Part 1: discussingambitions, achievementsand educationРаrt 2: making guesses

Part 3: agreeing,disagreeing, making аcomment оr suggestionPart 4: discussing ways ofhelping the environment

Part 1: expressing likesand dislikesPart 2: comparingdifferent ways ofshopping

Part З: structuring аconversationPart 4: discussingtechnology

Part 2: open clozepart З: word formation

Part 4: key wordtransformations

Part 2: ореп clozePart 3: word formation

Part 1: multiple-choiceclozePart 4: key wordtransformations

Part 2: open cloze

Part 4: key,crordtransformations

Part 3: vcord formation

Part 1: multiple-choicequestions + short texts

Part 4: multiple-choicequestions + long text

Part 2: Sentencecompletion

Part 2: sentencecompIetion

Part 4: multiple-choicequestions + long text

Part 3: multipie-matching

Part 1: multiple-choicequestions + short texts

МАР ОF ТНЕ UNIТS Е

Family celebrations

Look ct the photos, which oll show {cmilies gettingtogether. Is everybody enjoying themselves? Whydo you think they are spending time together?

Wоrk in pcirs. Talk cbout fcmily celebrotions. Whctdo you celebrcte with your fcmily? How do youcelebrate? Which celebrctions do you like best?

Ф Listen to Emily tclking cbout с fcmilycelebrction. Answer these questions.

I Whclt usuolly hcppens? Is lt usuolly weII oTgonised?2 \л/сs there о chonge of plon this уеоr? Did

everything go well?З Did qnyone dlsogree with the plan?

€Ш Listen cgain. Whct does Emily scy c:bouthеr fcmily's celebrotion? Choose one cnslver fromА-Е. Yочr cnswers in Exercise 3 wiII hеlр you.

It wos less well огgопisеd thon usuol.Тhеrе wos an unexpected event оп the doy.It lclsted lопgеr thcn usuql.Тhеrе wos о difference of opinion.А change of рlап wos successful.

Exam tip

The question may test а detail оr а large part of whatyou hear. Listen fоr the gепеrаl meaning as well as

*,checking the details against the questions.

Тhе task below is shorterthan in the exam. ln Listening Part З you hеаrfiче sреаkеrs andmаtсh them with six possible statements. You hаче already hеаrd Emily, Now you willhеаr three mоrе people.

РЩ You will hecr three people talking cbout с fomily celebrction. Choosefrom the list А-Е whct eoch specker soys cbout the celebrction.

It wos less weli огgопisеd thqп usuql.Тhете wсrs cln unexpected event on the doy.It ]osted 1опgеr thcn usuсl.Тhеrе wos cI difference of opinion.А chonge of plon wos successful.

АвсDЕ

АвсDЕ

Speoker 1 .....

Sреоkеr 2 .,,..

Speoker 3 .,...

Exam tip

ln the exam, you will hеаrеасh recording twice.

*

Е uNIT 1 LIsTENING

@Vocabula ry - Words often confused

l @ Work in pairs. Complete thesentences with the correct word orexpression.

Exam tip

This part of the exam tests mainly

]:llii,,lij]'

r/!{i]:irl : :

rг]::-l] i.

ll],!

l,|

lп Use of English Part'l you read а textwith 12 gaps and anexample. The text below has nine gaps and ап example.

Fоr questions 1-9, recd the text below cnd decide whichcnswer (А, В, С or D) best fits eoch gcp. Тhеrе is an examplect the beginning (0).

vocabulary but some questions will,test grаmmаr too. g;

Нете оrе some fixed expressions withot. Check the meoning of eoch phTasein есrсh gcp crnd then choose theсотrесt expTessi.on.

at с11 сlt lost ot lecsi ot once

А ]Иоst of mу fTiends hqчеone computeT in theiT homes.

В I got into bed crnd I wos so tirеd I

fell asleepС I wcited fоr my friепd foT oges ond

she qrгlчеd.D She dldn't know heT grсrпdfаthеr

beccuse he печет vlslted.

Sometimes you need to look ot themeoning of the woTd ond olso thegтcmmcт. Choose the сотгесt wоrd fоrеосh gap.

believes demonds depends

А OuT tеqсhеr us to speokEnglish in her lessons.

В Ploying chess........................... с lot ofconcentrotion.

С Му gгIоппу on us to geto11heT shopping fоr hег.

D Му fother in letting memoke mу own decisions.

Quickly rеqd the text in the Excm tqsk.Апswеr these questions.

l Whct is significcxnt obout 21 Decemberin the most поrthегп / most sоuthегпplaces?

2 Whot do people се]еЬrоtе in погthеrпcountTies iп the middle of Dесеmьег?

0 Аqmоuпt ВпumЬегI Аехtrеmеlу Bhighly2 Agenulne Bactucl3 Alecst Bonce4 Acbout BviTtually5 Aexponded Bcrdvonced6 AincTeose Bhappen7 Adepended Bdemonded8 Amclde Bplcyed9 Аsurчiче Bsupport

С totcllС hugelyС truеС IcstС арргохimоtеlуС рrоgгеssеdС getС believedС pToducedС keep

D sizeD tегтiЬlуD геоlD о11

D quiteD developedD chongeD expectedD involvedD mointcIln

Recd the text again cnd check уочr cnswers. Does ecch onelit the mecning?

In the countTies whiсh аrе furthest noTth cnd south on еогth,the (0)..А... of light чогiеs (l)......... between winter cnd summег.Iп the погthеrп hеmisрhеrе the shortest doy is on ог qЬоut 2lDесеmЬег. In (2)......... foct, in some places thеrе is no dcylight at(3).,.,..... duriпg the dcy in the middle of winteT. In the sоuthеrпhemispheTe it is the opposite, оf_соuгsе, ond 2I DесеmЬеr is theIongest day.

ThToughout histогу, people in (4) .--..every поrthеrп соuпtrу hove(5)......... tгoditions to сеIеЬrоtе the {oct thct the dcys iMould (6) .,,......

both lightег ond 1опgеr ofteT the midd}e of DесеmЬеr. Frоm thenопwогds, реорlе rMould wcit impotiently fог the геtuгп of the suп,which they (7) ......... оп. Тhеу,иrеrе huпtеrs so the seosons ond thewеоthеr (8)......... с чегу impoгtont рагt in their llves. Fооd rMas inshогt supply in winter months so о whоlе community would shоrеmeols during the dorkest doys. They lit fires ond cqndles ondsong ond donced. Some of the trcditions (9).......,, to this doy.

USE ОF ENGLISH UNIT , Т

Il

{

Friends

t @ Look ct the Specrking Рсrt l questions cnd thepossible cnswers in the table below. Listen to Gеоrgе andFrспсеsсс cnswering the questions. Note down the extrcinformction they add.

1 Do you do апу activities after school?2 Whеп do you do уоur homework?3 What do you usually do at the weekend?4 What аrе you going to do next weekend?

2 @ Complete these sentences frоm the recording. Listenagoin if you need to.

l I..................... to dive.2 When I..........,.................. .......... hоmе frоm school,

]...................,......... .......... TV.3 I..................... the bus to town.4 \Ме ...... to the cinemq.5 L.................... my guitoT most of the doy. '6 I.........,....... .. in о conceTt next Tuesday.

Grаrпmаr - Рrеsепt апd fчtчrе tenses

3 Work in poirs. Look ct the tenses George cnd Frспсеsсс useto tclk obout the present ond future.

I Which tense does GeoTge use when he tcllks cbout divlng?2 Which tense does hе use fог the things hе d"oes геgulаrlу?3 FTcncescq uses two di{fегепt tenses to tcllk qbout next

Scturdoy. Whу?4 Whу does she use о continuous tense to tolk cbout ploying the

guitaг on Sundoy?5 which tense does she use to tclk obout the сопсегt? Is it

deflnitely hoppening?

4 took ct the sentences in А cnd В below. which is correct,AorB?дIlike to rеlсх.I рrеfеr to do mу hоmеwсэrk

о{tег dlппеr.I know I need to proctise.

вI'm liking to rеlсх,I'm preferring to do my

homewoTk ofter diппег.I'm knowing I need to prc:ctise.

What do you notice about the verbs,lilce, рrеfеr cnd know?Can you think of other verbs which behave in the scme wcy?

.fu

ý @ choose the соrrесt cnswer.

I Аmу, con I chonge the time thot wemееt l'rе meeting tоmоггоw?

2 lwo,nt l 'm wanting to visit you soon.3 I погmоlJу spend l 'm потmоllу

spending most of Iu}y at the seoslde.4 Next ScItuTdoy we 9о / 'ге going to с

GTeek геstоurqпt.5 i'm thinking lthink it is о good ideo to

go comping.We will be veTy tired when we get / 'JJget hоmе.Тоmогrоw I cqn't соmе to schoolbecouse I '1J 9о / m going to thedentlst.I'11 do mу hоmеrмогk in the mогпiпgbefoTe I 'JJ go / 9о to school.I тлrrjtе l 'm writing thls note to tel1 youthot ] m going to mjss / m misslngtоmотгоw's clcrss.

I0 I'm теоIIу hoppy thct you соmе l 'rеcomingr to Itoly.

@ S"" page7}

Now work with а pcrtner qnd csk cndonswer the questions in Exercise 1.

Exam tip

You will get mоrе marks if you addsome detail. Think about why, whenand how you do things to expand lуоur answers. €l

Е UNIT 1 ''EAKING

{i Look ct the first two photogrcphs. Which ofthe following cdjectives, verbs, nouns cndexpressions could уоч use to tolk cbout them?

, .l--*) i'--1 " .i**1bored | ._.i епегgеtiс i__.] crowded i_ |

excited ;_ '

lozyl _

concentrote |'- i rеlо" Г]соuпtгуsidе l ехегсisе, -

iп the distcnce ] tndooTs I-, оutсlооrs i-""'l

'о quiet spot l frеsh оir , rn the shclde 1 1

'7 Think of the cdvcntages of spending your timelike the people in these two photogrcphs.

S Look ct the script your teacher gives you, DoesFrcncescc give the scme advantages as you?

*r;:ft"lm.п*г .- *шптпрлrlg*плg

ts These sentences mcke comporisons with differentcdjectives cnd nouns. Put the words in jtaJjcs inthe correct order.

I The реорlе in the first photo hoppieT l thоп / seeml mчсh the реорlе in the second photo.

2 Тhе реорlе in the second photo сrrе indooTs, whichenjoyobJe l Ьеiпg / os / jsn't / os in the fTesh оiг.

З They gett:ng / exercjse l ртоЬоЬlу / mоrе l оте l.

4 They thоп l eneTgetjc l оте lmоrе the реорlе in thefirst photo.

5 They /ess / thon l wiL| lmопеу / spend going to thegym.

lt] Look ct the other two photos above. Write two orthree sentences compcring them, using some ofthese words.i -- ,-" ",--"*"-1l expensive toT mоrе [uпI inteTesttng much less thrillingl_

@ S*u page7}

chcrt i ,_1

*ir ,il

l

Work in pairs. Choose two of the photographseach. Tcke turns to tclk сЬочt youT photogrcphs.Time yourselves. Try to tclk for cbout one minuteeach.

l The photogrophs shоw реорlе spending theiri frее time in dlfferent woys. Соmрсrе thei photogrcphs crnd спswеr thls question.

l . Whct сrе the odvcntcges fоr the реорlе of

, spending thеiг time in these wcys?

Exam tip

А question you have to апswеr is printed above thephotographs in the exam. Make sure you апswеr *this question when you are talking. *

When you have finished, csk your portner thisquestion. They should spend qbout 20 seconds ontheir cnsweT.г-",",'-,l . Whi"h of these things would you рrеfег to do

j wrth уоur fгiепds?

You cre going to read on extrqct frоm а novel cbout three girls. Look ct the picturecnd cnswer these questions with а partner.

1 Whеrе сrrе the glrls?2 Do you think they know еосh оthеr welI?3 One о{ them hcs some news. Do you think it's good news от bcd neTrs?

Recd the text very quickly cnd cnswer these questions.

I Whclt news does Siетго give Аmу cInd Vlcki? How does she feel obout it?2 Ночr does Аmу feel obout SierTo's news?3 Whot do they moke рIсrпs fог?

Exam tip

Веfоrе you answer the ;

questions, always read the 'text quickly to get ап idea _

of what it is about. ý

lп Reading Part 1, thеrе аrе always eight multiple-choice questions about опе text.The text below is shоrtеr than iп the exam and there аrе опlу four questions.

Fоr questions 1-4 on pcge II, choose the cnswer (А, В, С or D) which you think fitsbest cccording to the text.

Vicki swept past the tables to the соuпtеr. Watching hеr, Siеrга thoughtabout the contrast between her two friends. IfAmy zigzagged through lifewith hеr head down, Vicki moved through hеr days at full speed, with hеrchin to the sky and the wind in her long, silky, Ьrоwп hair. That zestfuloptimism eventually had linked Siеrrа and Vicki, even though Siеrrаoriginally had interpreted Vicki's bold approach to life as аrrоgапсе,

The instant Vicki returned to their table, Sierra spilled her news. "Okay,аrе you both rеаdу fоr mу big announcement?"

"It can't Ье that huge if you didn't tell mе at lunch today and mademе wait until now," Vicki said, carefully pouring her tea очеr the ýlass ofсrushеd ice.

"I wanted to tell you both at the same time.""I appreciate that," Amy said."So?" Vicki prompted."Last night mу brother called and told mе he's going to Southern California next week. He's pretty surе he wants to attend

Rancho Corona University fоr his master's degree, but he wanted to check out some colleges before he made а final decision.""That's уоur big news?" Vicki asked. Неr pretty face took on а teasing grin. "You definitely could have told mе that at iunch.""Wait," Sierra said, hеr enthusiasm unruffled. "He's going to drive down there next week, and he asked if I wanted to go with

him, and mу parents said yes!"

;l "Good fоr you," Vicki said. "Bring back something fоr each of us."

,.,' "Didn't уоu go to California last year fоr Easter vacation?" Аmу asked.lll "Yes,'

'And you also flew down there for уоur friends'wedding last summеr." Аmу turned hеr lоwеr lip into а friendly pout. "Howdo you expect us to Ье happy for you again? You keep going оп these adventures, and we don't go anywhere. I've never been toCalifornia - ечеr - in mу life, I've only Ьееп to Seattle - once."

"I hope you have а good time," Vicki said cheerfully to Sierra.Siегrа Ьrоkе into а wide girin. "You mеап you hope we have а good time.""'We' meaning you and Wes?" Vicki ventured. "0r 'we' meaning the three of us?"'A1l of us!" Sierra spouted. "Му Ьтоthеr is driving mу parents'van down, and they said I could invite my friends to go."When do we leave?" Vicki asked.

"Wednesday after school," Siеrrа said.The three friends bent their heads close. They began to make а plan for their upcominý гоаd trip as the spring sunshine lit

their little соrпеr of the world. Siеrrа felt а gleeful rush of anticipation and knew it couldn't соmе fast enough for hеr.

,].

re UNIT 1 KEADI^'G

BefoTe you decide on уочr спswеr to ecch question, recd thetip above it to help you.

I whct do rMe find out about siеrго's cttitudetоwогds hеr fTiends in the first роrаgторh?А She wishes Vicki cnd Аmу wеrе

mоте simi]сг to eoch оthег.

В She feels mоrе positively torMards Vicki thcnshe опсе did.

С She olwoys knew she ondVicH would Ьеfriends.

D She thinks Amy hсrs q Ьеttег орргоосh to lifethon Vicki.

2 The wгitег uses the ехрrеssiоп'hет enthusiqsmunTuff]ed' in line IB to show thct Siегго

А Trosn't put off Ьу the геосtiоп she Teceived.В fe]t onnoyed thot she wcs being hurтiеd.с felt confused cbout how she should continue.D dtdn't undeгstqnd why she hod to explcin.

Fiпd the part o{the textWhere Аmу is speaking andаПýWеr qUestion 3. , l.il ;,l'i,ll

l1,1ii.,]

3 How does Аmу rеосt to Siегтс's news?

А Shе thinks Siеrrо isn't gTcteful enough fоr theoppoгtunities she hos.

В She doesn't understqnd why Siегrо rMqnts togo owсty so much.

С She thinks it's strcrnge thot Siегrс keeps goingto the sqme places.

D She feels jeclous of the expeTiences whichSiеrго is оЬ]е to hqче.

4 Whct couldn't соmе fcrst enough?

А the planВ the rооd tTip

С the sргiпg sunshineD thе rush of onticipotion

Vocabulary - Matching expressions with similar meanings

3 ExpTessions I-7 below often арреат in multiple-choicequestions. Reod the pcragrcph cnd think cbout whot ishappening. Underline the words which mqtch the expressionsbelow. Write the number of the phrcse next to the pcrt of thetext it mctches.

Маrсus stood and watched as Jake саmе through the school gate. Не realisedhe соцldп't trust Jake and now he wопdеrеd why he had always been so keento ýet his approval. Jake was walking in а way that Marcus had печеr noticedbefore. Не rеаllу thougiht he was better than the rest of them. Не was headed

поw towards а couple of boys who weTe standing пеаr Маrсus. Маrсчs saw

them look up. Не realised Jake was askiný one ofthem to do somethin$. The

il Ьоу looked very чпýчrе and wоrriеd - it must have been something that wasn'tallowed, The оthеr Ьоу relaxed, glad that it wasn't him who had been chosen.

Marcus started to feel rаthеr annoyed about the way Jake behaved. Why should he make that Ьоуdo something he didn't want to? Маrсчs suddenly made up his mind he would tackle Jake. Не wasn'tgoing to let him get away with it this time.

1 еоgег to pleose 2 rMos oTTogont 3 doubtful cbout something4 seemed relieved 5 iTTitoted б declded 7 stcnd up to

l Recd the port I tcsk below cnd cnswer thesequestions.

l Who is Мrs Jones?2 Whot is she plonning?3 Whу does she use couJd?4 Look ct the notes on the right. How mony dlffeгent

points оrе thеге to rерlу to?

2 With с рсrtпеr, discuss what you could soy forессh of the points.

Work in pcrirs. Now reqd the response below cndcnswer these questions.

1 Hos Joqnno responded to oI1 the points IИтs Jonesmode?

2 Hos she rMrltten enough wоrds?

Dеаr Мгs Jones

Thanks чеrу much for уоur email. What ап absolutely

fantastic idea to have а picnic fоr очr class at the end oftеrml We've Ьееп tоgеthег fоr а whole уеаr, so l think it will

ье nice to сеlеьrаtе that.

|'m аfrаid l'm not чеrу good at cooking, but l'm surе l canmake some sandwiches for ечеrуопе. l'l| make some

different kinds, so ечеrуопе сап have something they like.

And l'll buy а big bottle of огапgе at the loca| shop.

lп my view, it would definitely Ье better to have the picnic Ьу

the riфr, The weather is suппу and we сап go swimming iп

the riчеr if the wаtеr is wаrm enough, Тhеrе's а big climbing

аrеа with trееs and rореS We can go to as well.

As fоr other ideas, why don't we ask Alex апd Sammy to

Ьriпg their guitars and ask them to play some songs for us?

Best wishes

Joanna

Wоrk in pcirs. Recxd Ioonnc's cnswer cgain andunderline the phrcses she uses to introduce:

А с positive comment В сп opologyС сп opinion D с suggestion

Here cre some more phrcses. Lcbel them А, В, Сor D.

I I'm sоrгу to soy thot2 We could clwoys .........

3 I'm so glod to hесr thct4 Fот mе,5 I wos pleosed to hеоr уоur news about6 i'd rесоmmепd7 How / Whot qЬоut ...jпЕr something8 I think / believe / feel thclt

Work in poirs. Write cn cnswer to Mrs Jones,using the phrcses cbove. You should writeI20-150 words.

You have received this email frоm Мrs Jones, your Englishteacher. Read the email and the notes you have made. Thenwrite an email of '120-'l50 words to Мrs Jones, using al| yournoteS.

Sent: 10 June

Subject: end-of-term picnic

As it's пеаrlу the end of tеrm, l thought it would

Ье good to оrgапisе а piqric so оur class сапсеlеЬгаtе together,

ll,

Why don't we all Ьriпg вome food and drink i.

and shаrе it? You could cook something оr Ьчу

something at the shop, l'm going to bake somesmallcakes.

We could have the picnic iп the small раrk just

opposite the school, оr walk down to the riчеr

and picnic оп the bank.

would Ье better? TeiL МrэJопеэ

Shall we just sit and chat, оr dqyou have someоthеr ideas about what we could do]

5и99еэ0 ,.

Reply soon

Мrs Jones

like to Ьriпg?

Е 'NIT 1 *RITING

Wоrk in pcirs. Recd the emcil in the Excm tcskcnd qпswеr these questions.

1 Who is AIex? Нотr old do you think hе is?2 WiШ уоuг герlу Ье mоге от less fогmсl thоп youT

герlу to Мгs Jones? Why?

Look at the prompts on the right of the email. Arethese statements true or fclse?

Point l You con rе{usе the invitotion to the pool inуоur герIу.

Point 2 You con sqy yes от no to going on thewcterslides Trith Alex.

point З you ccn choose eltheT of the rеstоurопts.Point 4 You сqп soy thot being picked up ot 7.00 a.m.

is not оК.

Here cre some phrcses you might Ье qЬlе to usein your спswеI. Put а cross cgainst any phrcseswhich you should not use.

1 а Thonks veTy much. I wou]d obsolutely love toсоmе to the pool with youl

Ь It sounds grеоt, but uпfоrtuпоtеlу I won't Ьеcble to соmе to the pool.

с Thct's сr]меsоmе, of соuгsе I'lI соmе to the роо1with you.

2 q As fог the woteTslides, I'm sсоrеd of heights, soI'd ргеfег not to go on them.

Ь \Voteгslides - brilliontl I сdоrе going dorMnthem сrnd we']I hcve с great time.

с I've печеr Ьееп down q wqterslide, but whу not,I'11give it о go!

3 с I'd гqthеr go to the Ьuгgеr рlссе, I don't ]ikepizzos so much.

Ь About the теstоuгqпt, ] 1ike both pizzos cndЬurgеrs, so why don't you choose?

с I rеоllу like Chinese food so sholl we go to оchinese rеstquтспt?

4 с Thonks, don't Ьоthеr though, I'II meet you thеrе.Ь Thonks чеrу much, I'd like to go with you

becouse т/е con chct on the rMcy.с Thonks fог offering mе о lift, it'llbe muсh Ьеttеr

thon going оп the busl

Now do the Exam tqsk. Ask your pcrtner to checkуочr work before you hand it in. Remember toexpqnd some of the points!

Write your emcil.

@ S"" раgеВб

You have rесеiчеd this email from your English friend, Alex.Read Alex's email and the notes on it. Тhеп write ап email toAlex using all уочr notes.

dоwп them Фith mё?

Му раrепts said that they would taKe us]]Йi tчпih,]].,.l

somewhere пеаr the pool. Тhеге's а good Ьчrgеrplace оr а чеrу nice pizza restaurant. Mum and

TdL дlэх

Dad said we сап choose, would уоu рrеfеr?

We could drop you back at the end of the day too.

|'m already looking forward to it!

All the best,

Alex

The swimming pool sounds r,

We'll have to leave about 7,00 a.m., and we could

come Ьу and pick you чр in the саr. ls tlц|оkау?

l0

| -*il

iп J J Ежрlоriпg the world

Look ot the young people in the photos. wоrk in pairs to cnswer the questions.

1 Whct сrте the teenogers doing? Hove you ечег done ony of these things?2 Do you think teenogers enjoy dolng dcrngerous crctivities mоrе thqn оIdеr people?

,: Yоч are going to rеаd cbout а Ьоу cclled Рсrkеr who went to the North Pole, Look ctthe text. Whct does the title tell you? '

i; Quickly recd the text to understcnd whct hoppened and cnswer the questions.Don't wоrrу cbout the missing sentences.

q How fог wqs the jouTney?ь whо went with Рогkеr?

с whct wqs the wеоthеr ]ike?d Whot pToblem dld they hоче?

Ж* m*аr[у rеýfiý}*d t&x* t*зр *f t&з* wФr&{ý

Few реор[е have succeeded in skiing to the North Ро[е. (1) ......... То do so, Раrkеr had to cover 180 ki[ometresacross Snow and ice to rеасh his destination. (2) They had Ьееп accompanied Ьу their parents but Раrkеr waswith just а guide ca[led Doug. (З) During the journey they knew they would Ье faced with freezing wind and[ow temperatures. (4) ......... Doug had experience of other prob[ems too, [ike cracks арреаriпg in the ice. (5) ......... Iпfact, the gaps in the ice wеrе much larger than they had expected because of g|,oba[ warming. (6) The gapswere just too wide for the two exp[orers to cross. so they had to give up and parker travelled the [ast 15 mi[es inа he[icopter, having Ьееп defeated Ьу his reason for the trip - g[obal" warming.

Complete gaps I-6 with sentences А-F.

А Two otheT teenqgers hсrd pTeviously got thеге on skis but they hod hod с differentstarting point so hod only gone holf this dlstcnce.теепоgеr Рqrkег Lioutoud Tecently ottempted to Ьесоmе one of them in oTdeT to drqwottentlon to the effects of globol wоrmiпg.They hove been known to rеqсh -50'С in this port of the woTld.РОТkеr hod complete confldence in him beccxuse this wou]d Ье his seventh tTip.Doug hodn't seen onythlng os bod os thot on hls рrечiоus tгiрs.These con 0рре0I foster thon q mоп сqп wolk qпd cqn Ьесоmе сr rеqI chollenge.

underline these words in the sentences in Exercise 4 and soy whot ecch onerefers to in the story.

i t.here (А)

2 ihem (В)

UNIT 2

3 they (С) 5 thot (Е)

сDЕF

Exam tip

When you decide whichsentence goes in eachgap, make surе they, thеrпand these rеfеr back to а

рlurаl поuп and he andhlm to а singular поuп.Тhеп check the meaningfits too.

i[,

4him ond hjs (D) 6 these (F).

lп Reading Part2, thеrе аrе seven раrаgrарhs and eightsentences. Тhе text below has four gaps and five sentences.

You cre going to recd а text written Ьу о teencger cboutexplorers. Four sentences hcve been removed frоm the text.Choose from the sentences А-Е the one which fits each gcrp(I-4). TheTe is one extro sentence which you do not need to use.

l've always wanted to Ье ап ехр|огег. Whеп l was чегу smallmу,fачоuгitе book was about аdчепtuгегs and ехр!оlегý Qnidthat's the опе l alwayý asked to have геаd to me. l 1 l lIwanted to go to wild p|aces, l knew l would do things.no опеelse had done, like abseil down the highest mountain, ог walkto the Nогth pole with only а роlаr Ьеаг fоr соmрапу.

l used to lie iп bed and imagine that l was sleeping iп а cabiniп the,middle-of the Amazon Jungle with bear:s ргоwliпgoutside, ог iп а tent in the Sаhаrа Desert with tigers пеагЬу.

ЕТ--l тПеrе агеп't апу Ьеагs iп the Amazon, ог tigегs iпthe Sаhаrа,

l also used to think about the fiгst sea ехрlогеrs, sailingfгоm thеir homes to the оutег edge of the Еаrth, whеrеthey thought they might fall off the edge of,the Еагth, Qг

-]---]'-ье swallowed up Ьу а sea mопstег l 3 l ]They neededсоurаgе and tгust to go out into trre wоrtО. Кпеw that l

wanted'to Ье like that - |'d печеr Ье able to just,sit аrоuпdand accept the wоrld as it is.

so l'm a|ways pushing the limits. l alwavs сlimь the tallest tгееrаthег than the easiest, jump off the cliff into the sea гаthегthan walk down, hold my Ьгеаth uпdеrwаtег fог lопgеr thahапуопе else, tгу to cycle dоwп the Steepest hill пеаг оuгhouse as fast as l .rn. FТ--l So l didn't tгу thatagain.

А Of соuгsе, qt some point I rеоlisеd thot I'd gotsome of those detcils confused.

В They knew they could Ье killed ot ony momentthгоugh thеiг lock of knowledge ог рооIjudgement.

С I wcs Gwоrе ihct they wеrе not the only ones whohod done thot.

D Thot lcst ottempt ended in discsteг, fог the onlything I cchieved чrсs Ьrоkеп bones.

Е ]Иоst of it went очеI my hecd, but the mcin themestoyed with me.

6 Work in pcirs. Which words helped you choose?Which sentence doesn't fit cnd why?

ffir;*вm*зt*тг * Ё*gt t*цс*ý

Ё Recd this text cbout Pcrker Liqutcud and put the verb inbrackets into the соrrесt tense (past simple оr past perfect).

Раrkеr Liautaud (1) ... (attempt) to rеасh the North Pole. Two оthеrtеепаgеrs (2) ,.. (rеасh) the North Pole previously. They (3)(travel) with their parents but Раrkеr (4) ,.. (go) with а guide calledDoug, who (5) ... (be)to the North Pole seven times before.Unfortunately, the сrасks in the ice (6) (Ье) too large for them tocross. Doug (7) (not see) problems like that before on his оthеr trips.lп the епd, they (8) (fly) the last раrt of the journey in а helicopter,

@ S*" page79

Grаmmаr - Tenses and prepositions

L о choose the соrrесt word or words in itclics in these sentences.

1 YesteTdcy I went shopping ond I че bought l bought tтro fqntostic T-shirts.2 The shops weTe сlоsеd ond we hCId to wcit to l чпti] the next doy.3 Тhеrе wеrе stгапgе noises outside so I /ooked / иrсs ]ookjng out of the window to see

what happened / иrсs hoppening.4 Тhеrе's nothing to do hеrе Iоr l duTing the winter.5 ] че Ъееп tTying l tried to do this homewoTk since ] got hоmе ond I still hочеп't finjshed

ldidn't finjsh.6 Lost week qs I иrаs comjng l соmе hоmе, I rлrоs seeing / sоrлr q stTonge qnimcrl.7 Тhеrе \Mos q Iong queue Ьесqusе ечеrуЬоdу hod аrriчеd ot l duriпg the same time.8 Suddenly, my fаthеr rеqllsеd he 'd forgotten / foTgot to lock the саr.9 I pTcctised the picno ечеIу day duгiпg / fоr thгее weeks.I0 I looked ечетуwhеrе fог mу рuIsе but it hod dlsoppeored / disoppecred.

2 Read the text below quickly to find out what it is obout. Think cbout whqt kind ofwоrd is needed for ecch gcp. Most of the missing words qle prepositions or partsof verbs.

ln Use of English Part 2 there аrе 12 gaps. The text below has eight gapsand ап example.

Fоr questions 1-8, think of the word which best fits each gop. Use onlyопе word in еqсh gcp. Тhеrе is сrп excmple ot the beginning (0).

Use the grсlmmcr exercise qЬоче to help you.

тнЕ MYSTERY )ттнЕъЕRмuDА TR|AN'LEThe Bermuda Triang|e is an imaginary triangle iп the Atlantic осеап.(О) .Г-О-t'_ mапу years, people have told stories about mysteriousdisappearances that have (1) place iп this аrеа.The ехрlоrеr Christopher Columbus first wrote about the BermudaTriangle iп 1,492. Не (2) sailing across the Atlantic ocean whenhe came (З) some mysterious light patterns in the sky, (4)

the same time, his equipment started doing bizarre things.lt wasn't (5) the 1950s that the media became interested andseveral people published articles highlighting the disappearance ofseveral ships and p|anes. They (6) all flown or sailed iп the areaand (7) of them was ever seen again. How did this happen? Youсап blame it on bad weather patterns, hurricanes оr strange magneticforces. Some people (8) even suggested aliens. Whatever thecase, it's опе of the great mysteries of our time.

Ехаm tip

You only ечеr need to write oneword in the gap. lt will печеr Ьеа contraction like didn't as this isrea||v two words (d;d not),

$

i\!\.r _,:-

-<_

-Э'ь=)РЛ_,_,l--,---

. -ь**.,. Ё;},

The 'Маrу Ce/este', whose crew

dbappeared completely iп the

дtlапtiс осеап iп 7892.

Ц UNIT 2 usE оF ENGLI'H

VосаЬчlаrу - Word building (1)

3 Make odjectives {тоm these nouns and чеrЬs with the endings in the toble.Write them under the best hecding.

occident qdventure ЬесГ centre сопsidег contToveTsy cultuTe dеslге fcshion forget

{urу logic mystery поtuге pTedict rеlу геmоrk suit universe

When you check your cnswers,Iook carefully ct how the spelling changes if theword ends in -у оr -е. Write down some excmples.

ln Use of English Part З there аrе ten gaps and words to change. The task below has eight gaps

and ап example.

Use the word given in ccpitals Gt the end of some of the lines to fоrm q word thctfits in the gcp in the scme line. There is cn exc:mple ct the beginning (0).

Exam tip

Еасh gap has its оwп word at lthe end of the line that you must

i

change. Don't try to put that rword iп апу оthеr gap. Ч

-. "'

Е}_эilrл[лл , , l,,:i ",1!!ii.]j|lliiil'Шi:i;i,Шl :]r "I ]:]: ,' '

А TR|P ТО RЕМЕМВЕRl've just Ьееп on ап absolutely (0) .иnfor4e.ltc}.Le. holiday

with my family. Му Dad decided that as my sister and l

are teenagers поw, we could go оп а really (1)

holiday. So he found а travel brochure which contained а

huge rапgе of (2) ......... ..,....... trips including treks, wildlife

encounters and (3) holidays,

We were spoilt for (4) ., . ..., because there were

holidays in all sorts of exciting (5) .........................., like Peru, lndia

and China. However, in the end we decided to go to South

Africa because my sister's а keen (6) ........................... and she was

doing а project оп the (7) ... world. So we saw the

sights iп Саре Town and then went off to explore Blyde

River Сапуоп. lt was опе of the most (8) places

l've ever Sееп.

FоRGЕт

ADVENTURE

SUlT

cULl-URE

cHoosELocATE

PHOTOGRAPH

NATURE

REMARK

rl

,*

Where уоu live

1 Think cbout а city or town you know от hcve visited. Tick (rz) work in groups of three. your townthe ploces you go/went to. wcrnts to build new leisure fccilities for

Ьоrлrliпg "li"y п ccfes i_j cinenrcs [l mоrkеt f__]

young people, Discuss if the plcces inI the photogrophs would Ье populcr cnd

mLLSeum , SпоррIп9г mclls l l Sports Centle - decide which plcce should Ье built.

+Ъол+,о Г_l

',,.***inorderofimportanceforyou.(mostimportсnt=l)ffiý Do you live in с city, town оr village?Tick (/) the words and expressionsbelow уоч ссп usе to tclk cbout it.

mining, fishing I quiet |]mountoin[*- ,r-,rot_ l foTmingf

_

medium-siz"d _ _ unlveгsity,сrоrмdеd |*l slееруГ coplta}[hlstогiс П modeTn П wide stTeets [lа lot of troffic П cn old morket *qrror" Пin the mountoins l , not fсr from .., i lin the middle of nowheTe l Ьу с lake |-Iin the countTyside П in the сепtrе оt,."Пin сrп огес colled ...l

7 Now work with а pcrtner. Use the wordsand expressions from Exercise б tocnswer these questions.

Соmраrе your lists in с group. Use some of these expressions.

] think ".. ls the most/leclst importcnt Ьессusе ...

Fоr mе, ... ls ]ess imрогtспt thon .., beccuse ...

I'd рrеfеr to go to / I'd гаihеr go to ... thcn .., beccuse ,,.

Му fcrvourite рlссе ls ....

I wou}d like to ... but we don't hоче one.

Аrе there enough things for teencgers to do in your crea?Which things would you like to Ье cble to do?

4 Wоrk in pcirs. Whct are the people in the photos doing? Do .teencgers enjoy going to these ploces in your country? Why?

ý You're going to work in о group of three. Think cbout howyou wiIl cgree and disagree with the others. Mcrk theseexpressions А (cgree) or D (djscgree).

I don't think thCIt's а good idecl. ..... I cgree with you. .....

I thlnk it wouid Ье better to ".. ..... Thot's Trhct I thlnk too. "",..I think you're rlght. ..... I discgTee. .....

Exam tip

lt is ОК not to а9rее with each other. Тhе discussion you have ismоrе important thап coming to а final аgrееmепt. 4

How rMouid you describe уоur clty/town/viIlage?

I live in an Му village isindustlial Clty. quite isolated,

Whot do you like qbout the рlосе whereyou live? Whct do you dislike cbout lt?

Ilove living on the coast.

Prcctise csking your pcrtner his/heropinion on these questions.

i . Whot оrе the cdvcntcges of Iiving in

the mlddle of о clty? Whу?о Do you think it's better to 1ive

rn а city, ог in ст villcge iп the ;

countryside? Whу? r

о Is it }эetter fоr children to grоw up in l

* "ЕеЦ.s "lц9L" орч1{ ЦLу1_]

re 'NIT 2 ýрЕАкING

;

iF1ш

l

щI Work in pairs. Look ct the photos. How

cre the thrее cities different?

@ Listen to с teencger talkingcbout the city where she lives. Whichcity above is she talking cbout?

Now listen to the recording ogcin.write down all the words rMhichhelped you get the cnswer cndcompcre with your partner,

€ffi Reod the following excmpleof с Part I question. Listen to theTecording cnd cnswer it.

You hесr а girl tclking crbout the cityshe lives in.Whot does she porticu}crly likecbout it?А the shopping opportunitiesв the di{ferent rеstсurопtsс the outdoor festivols

ФW Listen cgcin cnd rеqdthe script your teocher gives you.UndeTline the words which give youthe onswer.Why cre the other cnswerswrong?

lп Listening Раrt 1 you will hеаr eight rесоrdiпgs and you willапswеr one que*tion about еасh. Тhеrе аrе fоur recordings inthe task below.

@ You will hear people talking in four differentsituctions. Fоr questions I-4, choose the best answer (А, Воr С).

l You hеqr о Ьоу tolking to hls ount cbout his new school.Whot ls his opinion of the school?А The Ьеhqчiоuг of students is noTmol1y good.В Тhе design of the building епсоurqgеs students to study.с Тhе tессhеrs сrе better thcrn those ct his lost school.

2 You wiII hеог two реорlе tclking crbout о film they hove justSeen.Which crspect of the film did they both 1ike?А the humоuтВ the settingс the oction

3 You чrill heoT сt giгl tclklng obout q school tTip she hсхs Ьеепon.Whot did she 1есхrп obout on the tTip?А the design of certoin textilesВ the life of о designerС the history oi foctory design

4 You wil] hеот two teenogers tolking crbout о fгiend.Whot do they оdmiге cbout him?А Не sсоrеs lots о{ gools.В Не encourages оthеr рIсуегs.С Не is cheerful despite an injury.

I.IýTE}ýING UNIT , EJ

l work in pairs, Reod this fiTst sentence of о story cnd the three short porographs below.Do they cll follow from the first sentence?Мох hеоrd Someone callinghjS поmе exclfedJy. опd furпеd fo see rлrhо jt иrоs.А It wos his fTiend Реtеr, who гushеd очеr soying thot he'd won о prize, с tгiр to дmеriссr.And thеге оге fоur tlckets,'he soid. 'Do you wont to Come with us?'в It wcs time to go so I jumped stroight onto mу bike clnd cycied into the fогеst olong о dorkond winding poth.

С Anno соmе ruппlпg down the poth, loughing cnd сгуiпg ot the some time. 'Му Dod'sgot О new job 1П Austrolio, ond it sounds gгrеоt, but I'lihсче to ieove ol1my fгiendsbehind.'

2 How could the story continue? Decide on Some suitcble endings with your pcrtner,

Grammar - Past tenses

3 Work in pcirs, Look at the pictures below and put them in the corTect order to tell с stоrу.

ý Stories cre usually written in the post tense. Choverbs in the story.

It was чеrу dark and I could hеаr strange noises allaTound mе. I was in the jungle , (L) lооЙпg l looked.fоr treasure. Every_one (2) {пеu' /'ztlas kпБuiпg it wasthеrе, but no опе (3) had / has еvеr found it. ТЪе localpeople told stoгies of а city full of gold which the Incas() built / had built centuries ago. ýuadeniy an owl(5) hooted l has hooted, and I (в1 ,о, reitisiпg /realised to mу surprise that I could hеаr someone{iBBinB. 'Tim, is that you?' I (7) uаs catliпg / calted,Tim (8) uаs / had Ьееп the оihеr аrсhаеоlБgist working

in the jungle. 'Yeah, come очеr hеrе, I (9) 'ое / 'd f.оuпdi p:."t: оr something.' I (10) .о,,uririn'g1 rushеd oyerto tlnd'I'im, without looking where I (L1) wепt / uasgоiпg апd without warning1 (L2)'oe aisbppemeal disappeared dоwп into ideep Ъоlе. Foriunately,I (!3) didп't / hаdп't hurt myseif, and I could seesomething shining in the moonlight. Gold! piles andprles oI 8old plates, vases, jewellery, swords! I (14)'ае /7 foundit - the gold ечеrуопе (tsi'паа / ias Ьеепlooking fоr!

6 Divide the storY obove into three porcgraphs, one for each section of the story.

Discuss whct happened in the story. Use these words and phrases.

stories cre usually written in the post tense. choose the correct form of the pcst tenseчеrЬs in the story.

сrсhоеоlоQгist dig follinto с hole gold Inco city j"й;-;"."*

З 'NIT 2 *RITING

VосаЬчlаrу - Adverbs and adjectives

7 О Match the cdjective with the correct noun in thesesentences.

couIogeous intriguing strong wоrгуiпg

When I wcl]ked into the rооm, I hod o(n) sense thotsomething wos wrопg.Poulo mqde о(п) ..............-......... ottempt to rмin the mcrTothon, butwqs beoten Ьу hеr гiчсll.It's o(n) question, ond I rеоllу wcrnt to know theqnsweT to it.

Andrew suddenly hod o(n) thought - whot if the testwas todoy?

cggresslve }эriIllопt deiailed success{u}

Jocnnc mcde c(n) .....,.....,............... ottempt on the school jovelinгесоrd.Mox's ottltude got him lnto о lot of trоuЬlе during hisschool уеогs. .

7 The deputy heod drеw up o(n) plon outlining ечеIуospect of English teoching fоr the уеаг.

8 It wos o(n) ................-......... solution to the рrоЬiеm, so we decided toput it into effect lmmediotely.

@ Choose the соrrесt cdverb to go with the verb in thesesentences.

1 The heodmqsteT spoke Ъittеrlу l соlmlу to the little Ьоу ond hesoon settled down.

2 The oudience reocted чеrу positively / optimisticcJJy to thesecond contestcnt in the tolent competition.

3 Оur tесrсhеr ccted coreJessJy / decisively when she hесгdthe fire be}l cnd got everybody out of the school buildingimmediotely.

4 Pctrick moved foTword clumsily l Topidly qпd sсогеd the goolthot won the mctch.

5 АП the porents ogreed thot the pгize-giving сеIеmопу \Mosruп чету efIiciently l роаrlу,

6 Lucy sct in the dentist's sulgely rMoiting potiently l hopefullyfог hег oppointment.

7 The science teqcheT told his pupils to wotch hopefully / cJoseJyos he соrтiеd оut the experiment.

8 Му best friend mqdе cn еffоrt to visit me rотеJу l теgчlоrlуwhеп I wcs in hospitcll fоr о while.

Exam tip ,|

Yочr story will rеаd better and get а better mаrk if you can usesome interesting and varied vocabulary and use words that gotogether well. These аrе known as collocations.

Grammar - Adverb formation

9 Mcke cdjectives frоm these adverbs.

I bitteTly б positlvelyclumsily 7 politelyhcppily 8 Topldlyhopefully 9 тотеlуmiseTably I0 simply

Now use the cdverbs cnd cdjectivesqЬоче to qпswеr these questions.

1 Which odjectives chonge thеir lсlstlеttеr to -l Ьеfоrе odding Jy?

2 Whot hoppens to odjectives endlngin q consoncnt ond -1е?

3 Whot hoppens to оthеr odjectivesending in -е?

4 Whot hoppens to cdjectives endingin J?

@ Su" page7?

You hcve Ьееп asked to write а storyfor your school mcgazine. Your storymust begin with this sentence:I was amazed whеп / scw iлrhо wossjttjng jn the seof opposite miпе оп thetrcTjn.

Write your story.

RеmеmЬеr to:о decide on yor.rI storyllne Ьеfоге you

stcrt wгitiпg.о mcke surе уоur story follows from

the рrоmрt sentence.. use pcst tenses ond wгltе 1п

рсlrоgrсrрhs.. tly to use ст rспgе of interesting

cdjectives, odverbs ond collocotions.о write 120-180 rмords.

@ S"" page88

2

з4

5

Films

l Work in pairs. Complete the tcble with the word,s qndphrases connected with mcking а film.

octs оIгопgгеs the sceneTy checks quclity of voice гесоrdiпgdeslgnsiflts costumes does crction shotsdoes someone's fосеlhсiг fllms с scene реrfоrmsploys с pcTtirole roises mопеу to mcke the filmtcrkes с shot of something tells the ссtоrs whcTt to do

The people in the pictures work in the film industry. use thewords cbove to describe them cnd say whct they cre doing.took ct the Excm task opposite and the underlining inquestion I. underline two or three importont words in theinstructions ond in each question.

whct do the instructions cnd questions tell you obout whatyou will hear? Tick (/) the topics you think Tanic Will tqlkcbout.

how she beccme fcmoushеr rеосtiопs to hег own ccting |-lhеr own personolity[

]

hеr fсчоuгitе film Iс рrоЬlеm she hos hod [*-]hеr орiпiоп of the dirесtоr Пhеr dcily rоutlпе

lп Listening Part 4 there аrе sevenmultiple-choice questions. lп the taskbelow there аrе four.

Ф You will hеаr part of aninterview with с уоuпg ссtоr cclledTcnic West. Fот questions I-4, choosethe best cnswer А, В or С.

Tonio describes seeing heTself onSсrееп qS

А rоthеr frightenino.В slightly uпгеоl.С о bit Ьогiпg.

In Mrhot woy is Tonio like Angie, thechoTccteT she ploys in the film?А She doesn't get on weII with otheT

people.В She doesn't tTy to imргеss people.С She doesn't olwoys Ьеhсче os

оthег реорlе expect.

whot did Tonio find difficult oboutbeing on set?А woгking with оldег qctoTsВ learning hег ]inesС hclvlng little tlme to rеlqх

Whclt does Tonic soy cbout hег octingscheduIe?А She often filmed ot night.В She hod little trouble getting up

есIМС She missed hovlng геgulог mеq]s.

Exam tip

Underlining important words helpsyou to listen fоr the апswеr andpredict what you will hеаr. {; ,

actorstuntman/womanset dесоrаtоrdirector ,

саmеrаmап/wоmапproducercostume designersound technicianmake-uo artist

Р UNIT 3 LI*TENING

l Work in pcirs. Answer the questions below.

I Whct is уоuг fovouгite type of film? Tick (r/) the one(s)you 1ike best.

crctlon fihs[ спimоtiопsП ссгtоопsП соmеdiеsП documentortes!hогтоr fihs I rоmспtiс comedies (rоmсоms) П science flction films !thrillегsп wеstеrпsп

2 Whot mckes о film enjoycble? Tick (r/) the things you think оrе most impoTtont.

the осtlngП the саstiпgП the dlrесtlопП the lосоilопП the musiсПthe plotI the sсriрtП the sресiоl еffесtsП the stunts ПLook ct the photos cnd discuss the questions in your pairs.

1 Do you recognise the hеrоеs? Who qте they? Who is уоur fqvourite hеrо?2 Do you hove ony special hегоеs, rео1 ог imoginoTy, ln youT country? DеsсriЬе them.

Read the Exam tosk below cnd cnswer the questions.

I Ccln you write cbout о comedy thrillег оr hогтог film? Yes ог no? Why?2 Con you writе а пеgгоtiче opinion of the film? Yes от no? Why?.

Yоur English teacher has asked you to write а rечiеw fоr the school magazine of а filmwhich has an impressive hеrо. DеsсriЬе the film and the hеrо. Say what happens in thefilm апd ехрlаiп whеthеr you would rесоmmепd it to other people.

4 Recd the exam condidcte's review cnd cnswer the questions.

I Does the review give о сlесrr imрrеssiоп of the film ond the сhогссtеrs in it?2 Does it moke you rMcrnt to see the film? Whу? / Why not?3 Whct tense ls used in the review? Could you use ony оthег tense?4 Why does the rечiеw hove о title? Which sentence sums up the condldote's opinion?

2аtmап; The DаrК Kniaht_Thia iB а dагК, difflcult and at timeb гаthог diduгЬiпg film, urhich гааl11 mаКеь 1ou thinк. Аб you sit in

tho audignce, 1ou wопdаг ,,lhat цrould hарреп if а hаrо liKo 9аtm4п геаl\ саmе along and docided to

deal urith organibod сгim+ in оuг big ciiioB, 1et 10u аг9 albo опtегtаiпеd Ьесаusе the tilm hao а lot of

amaling actiOn 5с0п06.

|п Th?. РаrК Кцighl Йаlmао i* ац action hеrо, but mоге imроrtапtll hе iB albo а аlmЬоl ofjuвtica. Не ib

а Ьгачо 4nd do-tsrmined сhагасtег ,,,rho tgamb up v.rith iho fогсsь of law and огdег in the citt of &otham,

rеаd1 to tqýe on all tho сrimе lоrdь. Аа а гаьult, hs hab to facs а pýy.hopaihic and чеq осаг1 villain

called The Токег.

lrr m1 opinion, lhiб film iB outbtanding. li ib not ont1 thгilliпg but i1 arbo mак06 ]olt {ее1 аь if you аг0

ехрOгiопсiпg ъrhаt ib going on. uihап l баш ii, 0v9гyоп9 iп tho audiаnce vlab io,tall1 involvad in it, ьо l'd

ба1 itЪ а film 1оu rеаll1 muat эоо.

WRITING UNIT З Г

lrlt

underline the adjectives cnd phTcses the ccndidcte uses to describe the film,Вqtmсп сrnd the loker. Write them under the correct heoding. Is each one positive (Р)or negative (N)?

Filmd"cr"rk {N)

Bctmcn IokeT

You should alwcys write а briel plcln before you start writing. Complete this plcn foTthe review of Всtmсп: The Dork Knight,

Fаtmап:Tho Dаrk КпiаtL'-?ага l iпtгOduсJiоп - debcribo the film, mак96 you .....,..,. + arnaLing ....,.,.., $сеп06

?ага 2 conteni о{ film - dоsсrjЬв 9atman and hib ,,..,..,.. and hоu he fightb оrqапiаоd .....,.., and The ..........

РаrаЭ сопс\uбioп - sum up fllm and ........,. it (аърlаiп wh1)

Underline апу linking words/phrcses in the review which you could use yourself.

lё Ls yroi опLц йrфLйq, Ьиt Ё аisо makes uои ...

Look bock ct the types of film you ticked in Exercise I (pcge 23). Which film wouldyou write оьочt if you hod to write с review of one of them? TelI your pcrtner.

choose one of the ехqm tcsks below. Decide чzhiсh film you сrе going to write cboutcnd write your plcn (three paTogrcphs)before writing your review, in I20-I80 words.1 You hqче seen this English-longгucge adveгtisement on о teenoge rMebsite.

Write your гечiеw

2 you hоче seen this onnouncement in on inteTnotionol mogozine {оr young реорlе.

Write your гечiеw.о h4ake suIе you glve the nome of the {ilm.о Рlоп уоur writlng;write сlt lecst thTee рсrсgrорhs.. Тгу tcr use some соlоurfu] чосоЬulсrу frоm the unit.О Use some of the linking wоrdsiрhгсsеs frоm the unit.о Writе l20-1B0 words.

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Fi[m геviеws wапtеd! The best thrittег еvегHave you sееп а геа[[у exciting thriltег гесепttу? Wгitе а гечiеw tetting usabout it. you should include iпfоrmаtiоп about the ptot, the асtiоп scenes апdthe сhагасtегs, апd te[[ us whеthег you wou[d гесоmmепd the fitm.

The best film геviеws witt Ье posted оп оur websiEe пехt mопth,

Film reviews wanted! Romantic comediesHave you seen а realIy enjoyable romantic comedy rесепtlу? write а reviewtelling us about the characters and what happens in the film, and say whetheryou would rесоmmепd the fiIm to уоur friends.

The best reviews will Ье published in оur magazine next month. l

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u,n1,1, J w*tI,IN(i

Iilffifiё:гiMusic ;

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Answer the questions below cnd then соmрсrе уоur onswers with с рсrtпеr.1 Whot sогt of music do you like best? Why?

}Й-П"";_ФýL_:""ФL:'"""g _trз_дg--};о ;;- solscr о'* lo,,t -,,ui" i

2 Look ot the рiсtuге. Whlch instгuments wouid о госk bclnd, q jqzz bond ond о clossicolогсhеstтq use?

Reod the stctements qпd the clbum review below. Tick (/) the stctements which mqtchinformction in the review. Put с cross against the stctements which scy something different.The аlЬumcontains songs whose words will appeal to а certain age grоuр.

contains songs which will tend to have а negative effect on people's emotions.

will рrоЬаЬlу Ье less well rесеiчеd than the band's last one.

takes а completely different аррrоасh frоm the band's last one,

is likely to extend the success of the band.

has а singer whose раrtiсulаr style has Ьееп well matched to the songs he sings.

has а singer who should Ье given mоrе chances to sing.

Quickly recd through the texts оп рсlgе 26 cnd Gnswer these questions. Spend опlуthree minutes recding the texts.

1 Аге the revlews сII positive?2 Would you like to listen to any of these clbums?3 Do cny of them sound like clbums you сIгеоdу listen to?

Ет--'lЕт--]Fт-lFт--]trг--lЕ1---lр-г--l

All the songs оп this album have lyrio which focus оп the kinds of emotions that teenagers will really relate tobut there\ п0 way you сочld describe it as depressing.

Last autumn, the band lЧirade hrought out а long-awaited аlЬum which upset а lot of fans Ьесачsе it introducedа whole пеw sound. llowever, that аlЬчm brought iп new fans like me. Probable and possйIe develops that soundапd is expected to further widen the ЬапdЪ appeal so it seems things сап опlу go чр for them from here.

Bradley, опе of the singers, has а very unusual чоiсе апd he needs the right song. Не опlу sings оп а couple ofпumЬеrs Ьut they suit him perfectly. The rest of the singing is done Ьу l(ez, whose voice iý amazing. 0чеrаll, there

is almost nothing to criticise here.

RЁАDING UNIT З Г

tlI

ln Reading Part З thеrе аrе between fоur and sixtexts and you апswеr 15 questions. Тhе texts belowаrе shоrtеr and there аrе only nine questions.

You cre going to recd some Teviews of musicolbums. Fоr questions I-9, choose frоm theclbums (A-D). Тhе albums mcy Ье chosen mоrеthon once.

which аlьчm

might Ье difficu|t to follow with опеof the same quality?

сопtаiпs songs which сап soundquite similаг to each оthег?

contains songs about subjectsoften avoided?

will сопtiпuе to appeal to the sameреор|е iп futuге уеагs?would Ье imргочеd without theinclusion of сегtаiп songs?

has Ьееп looked fогwагd to fогsome time?

has а sопg which stands out butnot Ьесаusе ечегуопе will гесоgпisе it?

has songs which аге uпusuаl iп соmЬiпiпgboth excellent music апd wогds?

contains а song which gets lоudегas it goes оп?

ffir*rтзrззаr * l-!rзkiпg ",л/Фrds аrэd рРтr*s*s

е О Find an exomple in the texts of each linkerunderlined below. Тhеп correct the mistckes inthese sentences.

1 While the foct thot we wеrе given о lot ofhomewoTk, I monoged to finish lt о11.

2 I like cycling to school. Аlthоuqh i don't llke cyclingin heovy trоfflс.

3 I took my Ьгоthеr to see о wеstеrп despite I don'tiike Tresterns myself.

4 Ноwечеr I enjoyed the сопсеrt, I wouldn't soy it

wcs the best I'd been to.

5 In the wlпtеr I рlоу footboll. In spite of in thesummеI I рlсу tennis too.

6 Even though plcying the guitaT veTy well, Anitchos печег Iесгпt to rеqd music.

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skf;i,Ь.ЁТДНl.".Y;ffffi''."J' Аге|еаsеd the album lhгill, whюh was гесогdеd { I с пТ0vег two уеагs, Suzi Таггапt begins with \ J-Щ i'

lHlT;:,ý*, fi ffi,}lx,Jll,jJ]Hff.Llx .n. Чю

Д Pedal Strееt Ьу ВгееzеFlечiеwег Аппа Магtiпо, age 1Звгееzе has геlеаsеd pedal strееt аf[ег а two-

уеаг wait, iп spite of ргеssuге fгоm fans апd

thеiг гесогd сOmрапу to do so еагliег. Fапs had" Ьееп told to expect something specia| and thisis а mаstегрiесе. With dгummег Tom Wiseman's

stгOпg гhуthms, and bassist Miguel Sапdго's fantastichагmопiеs, this band's music is exceptional. The sопg lугiсsехргеss emotions that аге felt Ьу ечегуЬоdу, focusing оп topicsothег агЕists seem t0 ргеfег поЕ to sing about. Lead siпgегJosh Smith's voice is so еmоtiопаl that it feels as though he's

sitting гight iп fгопt of you. Вгееzе use ап iпtегеstiпg mix ofslyles including classical stгings and mоdегп guitаг гiffs.

В Тhгilt Ьу Skydiggeгs

then shaws 1ust what the band is аЬоut withthe гоагiпg, апgгу gгоwl that follows, Allhough some tunesаге difficu|t to distinguish fгоm each оthег in [he sense thatТаггапt's voice doesn't чагу fгоm SOng t0 Song, |he album will

sооп Ье регmапепtlу fixed оп уоuг play|ist, 0п mапу albums,the best song is поt the most well known and that is сегtаiпlуthe case hеге - the song 'Up to hеге' is in а class of its оwп.

С Silvеr НопеуЬееs Ьу Lena and the LапtапаsRечiеwег Sam RоЬегts, age 'lб

Lепа апd hег Ьапd, the Lапtапаs, tie tоgеthегboth сопtеmрогагу and soul music iп thisalbum. Lena's Ьееп allowed tо sing all typesof songs hеге, including acoustic ballads and

/ jazz-pop, in огdег to геаllу show what she сапdo, And in case you [hink that hег пеw fаг-гапgiпg

style mау поt appeal tо а youthful teenage fan base,геmеmЬег that hег tееп audience is suге to mаtuпе апd gгоw

along with hег as she makes mоге music, While some bandsiпсогрогаtе good beats bul have сliсhё lугiсs that make you feelslighlly sick, ог sing songs with meaningful wогds yet make а

dгеаdful sound, the Lantanas аге Ьу сопtгаst а гаге find.

"i,#,gflJlff,з''iнL,lн.,о frАргil Sapa's debut album shows hег liking fог

:ffiIii'.:ii,T#nH'}5S?,lTI; IllXl]l:' l йbut it also shows that she has гооm to gгOw. Ч{Despite having а mоге limited vocal гапgе than ", ,]

hег sistег, who is also а siпgег, Аргil ргочеs thau shedoes have а big talent fог wгitiпg. The album сOvегs еvегуthiпgа tеепаgег can feel: love, hate, ассерtапсе, defiance and ечеп

Ьогеdоm. lt is ап ехсеllепt combination of еаsу listening, even

though thеге аге sечегаl songs that could have easily Ьееп leftout, геsultiпg iп а Ьеttег album очегаll.

Т-::: might people enjoy cbout these different types of films?

\х

Look ct question I cnd the ccndidcte'sonswer below. Then write yourcnswers fоr questions I-6, cddextrc: informction, ond сп odditionalcomment qпd/оr opinion.

Films ond cinemqI Do you usuol1y rMcrtch films on

television, оr qt the сiпеmсr?2 If you go to the cinemq, when do you

go, ond who with?3 Whot ls youT fqvourite type of {ilm

ond why?Music4 Ноче you ечеr been to q conceTt?

Did you enjoy it?5 When ond how do you like listening

to music?6 Do you рlоу с musicql instTument?

Which one?

extra information апswеr\r\\\\

I don't tlve ne#a cinema so I watchYlotof fiims on TV and DVD. it's а great way

to rеlах in the evening and ] Iike to watchwith my family or friends. Ф

ll

аа а 1i]ол

а| 9о

mment/o pi n ion

Now tcke it in turns to csk eoch оthеrthe questions.

Exam tip

Don't just give опе-wоrd answers. Тrу togive ехtга information. Тhеп add а

comment оr opinion.

Work in pairs. Mcke а list of things you ccn say cboutthe pictures сЬоче.

|о'" Now listen to two cqndidctes talking about thepictures. Did they hove the some ideas os you? Tick (rZ) theidecs that сrе on уочr list.i€. Listen dgain. Both the ccndidqtes needed wordsthey didn't know. Complete the phrcses they used to exploinwhat they mecnt.

I ... you knorM, the................,.......... films Trhich hqve.,.....,..,................, notqсtогs

2 ,.. these people qrе ... weIl, о bonk has just beenгоЬЬеd оI ........,............. _. ... thot.

3 It's о ............ street dqnce I don't know thе..,........................ of ...

4 ... the сhildгеп in the photo of the school oTchestTo look чегу ...

welI ... еI ... um геlqхеd.

The ccndidqtes avoided four words they didn't know. Whctwere they?

@i Listen to the lcst part of еqсh conversction cgcinond tick (/)the рhrсsеs the condidotes used to cnswer thesequestions.

Which of the films would you рrеfеr to see?Which of the octivities wou}d you рrеfет to do?J'd rоthег... thon ... l'd prefer to .., _I'cl sоопег...I thlnk it's better to ...i I'd d"ttrrttely . i I

Now you cre ecch going to tolk cbout two of the pictures forone minute. Ask your portner the question qЬоче the picturescnd time him/her for опе minute.

Exam tip

lf you don't know а word, use а рhrаsе to explain it. .,,.|

Grаmmаr - The passive

1 фщ Look ct these sentences from speaking Рсrt 2. complete them with theсоrrесt tense of the pcssive. Check уоur cnswers Ьу listening cgcin.Ccndidcte А

2 ", сl bonk """""""" оr somethj.ng like that. Thct's whу the men ln the

ccndidcte В3 The music ...... on q sound system with huge speakeTs.4 i guess some of them..........,...... to do it Ьу theiT pcrents от teocheT.5 I expect the conceTt .,.... Ьу the рогепts.

2 Now write the verbs in the correct column in the tcble. (You won't find an excrmpleof every tense.)

Тhете ore eight mоrе excmples of the passive in Reading Pcrt З (look ct the questionsond the texts) on pcge 26. Underline them and cdd them1o the tcble.

@ Now соrrесt the mistakes in the passive in these sentences written Ьу examcondidctes.

This costle hqs been builded in the twelfth сепturу.I Trcs give о ]ecf}et which contqined, some interesting infoTmotion.The bond fiгst estoblished in 1992.These doys music hos been mcking Ьу computers.Му best fTiend cclled Ann-Morie.Тhе сопсеrt supposed to stqTt ot 7.00, but the guitoгist qrTived lqte.Му house located in о beoutifui qтеq.The business studies соuISе concelled ct the lost minute.Wi]lIunch include in the рriсе of the school trlр?му fomily stay in q house thot situoted сr few miles frоm the beoch.

l2

34

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Е UNIT з usE оF ENGLI'H

In Use of English Pcrt 4 you have to complete аsentence using а prompt word, so that it meansthe scme as the original cbove it. You ccn writeопlу two to five words in the gap. Choose thecoTrect cnswer for these examples. Why сrе theother cnswers wrong?

I А пumЬег of rечiеwеrs on teenoge websites hoverесоmmепdеd Tom Cox's new book.

BEENТоm Cox's new book on teenogewebsites.А hos been stгопglу recommendedВ hod been strongly recommendedС is belng strопglу recommended

Ечеrуопе wos disoppointed whеп the hеqdmоstеrccncelled the tгiр ot the lost mоmепt.

WASТо ечеrуопе's........................... Ьу the heodmoster ot thelost moment.А disoppointed the tTip wos cсхncelledВ discppointment the trip wсrs ccrncelledС disoppointment the tгlр hod to Ье concelled

We thought the schooI сопсеrt wcs going to end ct9.00, Ьut lt dldn't flnish until 10.00.

SUPPoSEDТhе sсhооl сопсегt flnished ct 9.00 but itwent on untll 10.00.

А is supposed to ЬеВ wos supposed toС wqs supposed to Ье

Му оldег Ьrоthеr hos got а job inteTvieтr tоmоrrоw.

BEINGМу older Ьтоthеr о job tоmоrrоw.А is being interviewed fогВ being interviewed foT

С is being interviewed to

I'd рrеfет to wotch the footbcll on ТV tonight.

RАтнЕRL..,..,.................... the footbo11 on TV tonight.А 'd гсthеr to wotchВ TctheT to Trotchс 'd rоthеr wctch

ln Use of English Part 4 there аrе eight questions.тhеrе аrе five in the task below.

Complete the second sentence so thct it hcs сsimilar meaning to the first sentence, using theword given. Do not change the word given. Youmust use between two cnd five words, includingthe word given.

Exam tip i

RеmеmЬеr you can опlу use two to five words and thatyou usually have to make mоrе than опе change. lfyou have written mоrе than five words (а wоrd likecounts as two words), you have made а mistake.

The Romons constTucted the fort очегlооklпg thehlllпесrlу 2000 уеогs ogo.

BUILTThe fort overlooklng the hi1l ........... theRomons пеоrIу 2000 уеогs ogo.

А smсrll Ьоу on q skctebooTd knocked my sisteгочеr yesteгdoy.

WASМу sisteг ............ о smcIl Ьоу on оskotebooTd yesterdcy.

The Tadio stotions hove ployed thct music tгqсkочеI с hundTed times this week.

HASThct music tгcck..,.............. thon о hundredtimes this week Ьу the гоdiо stctions.

Ву thls time next lлzeek we'II hove given с11 ouT

рrоjесts to оuг English tеасhег.

HANDEDВу this time next week сrll оuг projects

............ to оuг English tеосhег.

Annq Hcmi]ton wlll wесr one of DioT's dresses tothe opening night.

вЕOneofDior'sdгesses......................... AnnqHcmllton to the openi.ng night.

l've I

#,

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Look ct the list of sports below. Which do you think сrе the five most populcr sportsin the world? Which sports cre most popular in your country?

cthletlcscyclinghockeysпоiмЬооrdiпgvolleybc11

bcdminton{ootb,c11

1се skcrtingsurfingwindsurfing

cricketgymncsticsmсrtlсl crtstennisyog0

we do cthletics, wepJcy badminton cnd we go cycling. write the correct verb inExercise t. Add апу other sports that you enjoy to the list.

Look ct the sports in Exercise I cnd onswer the questions.

I Hove you ечет done cny of them?2 Do you enjoy wotching ony of them?3 Which sроrt(s) would you iike to tTy?4 Who is уоur fqvourite sроrtsрегsоп and why?

Which words in the Ьох below ccn you чsеto talk obout footbcll / tennis? Three wordsdon't match either sport. Whct kind of sportcre they used fоr?

T;ri dеf"Йе, gootk".po lop nnt'] opponent pencitli pitch point ,о". l

геfеrее sеrче tcrckle trcck umpire ]

Read the text Future footba]] stcrs quicklyto get an idec of whct it is obout.

Which parcgraphА makes о comporison between success in footbc]l cnd in оthеr оrесrs?В descrj.bes the cdvqntqges of being ot о footboll ocodemy?С suggests how some boys rессt when they оrе chosen fоr о footbo11 occldemy?D explains whqt q footboll occrdemy is?

re UNIT 4 RЕАý}ЁжG

ln Reading Part ] thеrе is а long text and thегеаrе eight questions based оп it. Тhе text below isshоrtеr and there аrе fоur questions оп it.

Exam tip

Тhеrе аrе usually one оr two questions about each

раrаgrарh. Тhе questions аrе always in the same оrdеr.,,"р"""i ,"'

as the text.

You qrе going to recd cn extrqct from сnewspqper article. Fоr questions I-4. choose theonswer (А, В, С or D)which уоu think fits bestcccording to the text.

FUTURE FOOTBALL STARýFootball academies wеrе set up Ьу leading football club,s,, l

like Manchester United and Liverpool so their coachescould ruп trials to identify and trаiп ta|ented boys frоmas уоuп8 as eight as potential players fоr thеir first team.All the big football сIuЬs have one, and other less well-known teams ruп their оwп schools of excellence.

This means that in Britain there аrе at least 9,0О0boys at апу опе time attending academies after schoolwho think they аrе going to Ье а famous footballer.Unfortunately, fоr most this isn't the case. Опе eight уеаrold was selected for Chelsea academy and he went frombeing top of his class at school to being the Ьоу who wasmessing around at the back. His mother asked him whyhe wasn't trying hаrd at school апу mоrе. His rерlу was

l 'nat he was going to Ье а gоаlkеереr and Ье riсh so he

I didn't need to. In the end, he only lasted а уеаr in theacademy but, luckily for him, he was still young enoughto rесочеr and not Ье so discouraged that he печеr playedfootball again.

Вut footbatlis not unique. Any sport оr other fieldwhеге only а few сап get to the top has ап invisibleIауеr of аIsо-rапs. These people аrе чеrу talented anddo their absolute best but ultimately it will not рау offbecause they are just not exceptional enough. In football,this effect is magnified Ьесаusе the пumЬеrs of рlауеrsselected fоr training Ьу academies is so huge. Most ofthese won't get into а team and most won't becomeprofessiona ls.

This doesn't put off all the boys who аrе spotted Ьу thebig football clubs and аrе desperate to Ioin the academies.The benefits аrе still there fоr them of course. They get toplay as muсh footbalI as possib]e - the coaches teach themto pass, tackle and practise standard techniques, movesand penalty kicks очеr and очеr again. The skills ЬесоmеpaTt of them as they are with professional players, so theyale automatic and the boys don't have to think aboutthem when thеу'rе on the pitch. Experts say this is theway to do it, otherwise you end up with players who аrеmuсh mоrе likely to get iniured.

Before you decide on your cnswer to ecchquestion, recd the tip above it to help you.

underline'one'then read the text Ьеfоrе and afterthat word. The words in the options аrе all in the text.

I \Д/hоt does'one' теfеr to in llne 5?

А о triolВ q coochс q fiгst tеqmD crn ocodemy

Find the rеfеrепсе to the boy's mоthеr. Read thewhole раrаgrарh before answering the question,

2 Whot did one boy's mоthет notice оftег he joinedon ocodemy?А Hls sсhооlwогk suffeгed beccuse footboll took

up too much time.В TheTe wos little support ct school fоr his. chongedciгcumstonces.С Тhеrе wqs о significont сhапgге ln his ottitude

towcrds school.D Не refused to рlау iootbсrll ct school qny mоrе.

Find 'an invisible lауеr of аlsо-rапs' and underline it.Don't wоrrу if you don't understand it as it wil| Ьеexplained in the text. Underline the explanation andthen answer the question.

3 Whot is the wTiteT rеfеrгlпg to by'сrn lnvisible 1оуегof olso-rons' in the thiTd ротаgгсрh?А those footbclleTs who will not in the end Ье

теwоrdеd fоr theiT hord TroTkВ the foct that thеrе qте fеwег oppoTtunities fоr

рrоfеssiопоl fооtЬсllегs thon theTe used to ЬеС the пumЬеr of footbolleгs who qrе not willing to

put in the omount of еffоrt rеquiгеdD the foct thclt the wrопg реорlе оrе sometimes

selected to рlоу in the best teqms

тhеrе аrе several benefits mentioned in the text.Which опе matches опе of the options?

4 Whct advontoge of the occdemies is mentioned inthe fouгth рагсgгорh?А Тhе cooches con crdopt techniques to suit

individual рIоуеrs.В Тhе рlоуеrs оrе trqined in о woy which rеsults

in fечrеr injuTies.С Тhеrе оrе ехрегts to опswег the рlсуеrs'

questions.D TheTe Grе mоге opportunities to rMotch

pTofesslonc1 рlоуегs in oction. ffi

1 Recd these sentences cbout а girl who rides mountain bikes.Which one needs cn adjective in the gap?

Grаmmаr * Modal чеrЬs

4 Complete the gарs in whсrt Kcrl saidwith one of the modcl veTbs given.Listen agcin if you need to.

FREYA STANLEY - DoWNH]tt MoUNTAIN BlKERFrеуа was given hеr f irst mountain bike Ьу rrer г-тrFrеуа nearly Iost her last rасе because ot а г-тгlThe last thing Frеуа checks before а rасе is the Г-ТГlFrеуа thinks the most important thing about clothes is thatthev аrеГ-ТТl

2 Which gap in Exercise l could each of these wоrds go in?

brckes Ьrоthеr соmfоrtоьlе {riendpost rock route sister styllsh tlghtuпс]е worm wесrthег

ln Listening part 2 you will hеаr а long rесоrdiпg and answer tenquestions оп it. The task below has sЙ questions.

ф You will hесr cn interview with с young skctercolled Кqrl Milton. Fоr questions 1-6, complete tйе sentences.

KARL MltToN - SKATER ]

Каrl came in Г-ТI place in а competitionlast week.

Каrl thinks about tne Г.-ТГl when he isperforming in а competition.

The most important thing fоr skaters whenpractising is to rеmеmЬеr to Г-Т3l

'GоiпgГ-ТГl in his spare time benefitsKarl's skating skilIs.

КаrI will appear in а ТV рrоgrаmmе called

соп ccn't hсrve to shou]d

The skсrtеrs show thot they оrеcble to do о11 the mqiп moves.They.................. choose who they skotewith.Тhеу.............,.... fol]ow ст сегtоiп гоutiпе.They.....,.......,.... decide which music theywqnt to skqte to.

couid hсче wonmust hcve been prcctisingshould hcve been

i............ in the tecTmfоur уеогs qgo ... but I wcs left out.

ol] the time qs she wqs even Ьеttегthon last уеоr.

7 Еithег of us............,...,. ........... butwe wеrеп't quite good enough.

which sentence in Exercise 4 mentionssomething which:

is cllowed........, Seems сегtсrlп.......ls cTdvlsed ......... isn'i cr}lowed .......,.

wos possib]e......... is с гulе.........wсrs expected ..,......

@ Now choose the correct verb inthese sentences.

t Му fomily goes foT сl wolk оп Sundcyswhen we mustn't l dоп?hоче to work.

2 The show must / should hqче stqrtedot 7.З0 but 1t stcrted ot B.t5.I don't rеmеmьет the dcte Ьut it shouJdhсче Ьееп / must hоче.Ьееп о FTidoy.you mustп't l соп't miss the chonce tosee this cmozing film.Не must l hod to Ье quick becquse hedidn't hоче much time to get thеrе.Тhе first time Steve Tros lote, hismоthеr wcs woTried thot somethingmust / shou]d hcve hoppened to him.

34

рhоtоgгорhетtrее tyres

3 @ Listen to Frеус. Choose the word she says to, "оj]р. Jcnine Gгqhоm

Exam tip

lп the TV show competitors can choose their

"-:=ч

You usua|ly need to write one word but sometimes you will writetwo оr three words. The word(s) you write should Ь"

"*".try *i"t

@you hеаr. --'---'J

_"r|

re 'NIT 4 LIýтшптING

@ S*" pagel1

]

l{Y

iтttr

f

#аt.Look at the cctivities qЬоче, ovailoble ct с sports centre.Mcke notes to cnswer the question cbove the photos. Fоrecch activity. think cbout:о how flt you need to Ьео if уоu соп do the cctivity лvlth other реорlео how eсrsy 1t is to }еагпо lf уоu would 1ike to do it rеgulаr}уо how competitive it is

Work in pairs to discuss the question in Exercise I. Ask yourpcrrtner's opinion cnd recct to whct they say. Неrе оrе someuseful expressions.

Asking уоur рсrtПеr"s opinion Reoeting to 1rочг рсхrtпеr

. \Mhct сrе the cdvcntcges of ecch octivity fоr gettinE fit cndhaving fuп?

","-er,

In Speaking Pcrt 4 you сrе csked foryour opinions on о topic connected toSpecking Pcrt З, for excmple:

Do you think peopie сэf уоur сЕе dcэ

enough sport оr do they prefer towcrtch ТV?

Look at these opinions. Do you cgreewith cny of them?

It's much easier to watch ТV or go onthe соmрutеr than make an effort to

do sport.

It сап Ье expensive to do sport becauseyou have to рау for somewhere to рlау.

Wel1, teenagers do watch а lot of TV butwatching sport on TV епсоurаgеs you

to go and do lt.

I thlnk the рrоЬlеm is that there aren'tenough places to do sport.

Ccn you think of other cnswers to thequestion?

Exam tipThe ехаmiпеr will ask you several questionsso the discussion lasts fоr fоur minutes.Don't wоrгу if you can't think of mоrе tosay as there will Ье another question.

Work in pcirs to onswer the questions.]'..' ]. Should thеге Ье mоIе oppoltunitres

to do difierent sроrts ct school?

' . Why GIе sоmё spoTts iess рорulог

i thcn оthеrs?

i . Но* ccn реорlе who don't iikecompetitive sport Ье епсоurоgеd toget fit?

?&*о

Now chcrnge pcrtners cnd do the Excm tcsk below. yourdiscussion should lcst for cbout three minutes. Timeyourselves.

Your locql sports centre hcs on ореп day cnd is offering freeclcsses in two cctivities. You сrе going with уочr friends.you ссп choose mcrtiql qrts, dqncing, volleybcll, bcsketboll,gymnclstics оr bcdminton.First, tqlk to еqсh other cbout the odvcntages of choosingecch qctivity. Тhеп decide which two you would ecrch choose.

.,+.-

Whot do you ihink?Whсrt wou}d уоu choose?How сlэоut you?Do уоu think it's best to .,.?Shcll we stсгt n ith ..,?

Do уоu ihink so?Rестllу?It's not the scme fоr rпе

L;ecouse...I fee} the sсmе lэессusе .."

' l,]

UNIT 4

ЕГа:п.rr]t|i

rli

l

@Grаmmаr - Prepositions following verbs and adjectives

L О Choose the correct preposition in these sentences.

I Whct hoppens now depends on / of whcrt оur teocheT decides.2 Рqгепts оrе responsible of / fоr whot their childTen do.3 Jose olwoys hcd excellent mcrTks so I wos чеrу jeolous of / o.bout him.4 I would like to help for / иrjth the сопсеrt tonight.5 When сhiidгеп get Ьогеd they stогt complcining o.bout / for ечегуthlпg.6 The dcTnce I did is typicol of l frоm the south of Spoin.7 I ve Ьееп thinkingг o.bout / of уоuг pToblem cnd whct you should do.8 I'm so excited foT l obout the porty tоmогтоw.9 I'm чеrу inteгested jn / obout 1еогпiпg the guitoT.I0 I tcllked ot / to my fгiепds qbout your ideo ond they wcnt to соmе,

ln Use of English Раrt 2 there аrе 12 gaps and an example.Тhеrе аrе пiпе gaps and ап example in the task below. .

Fоr questions I-9, rесd the text below cnd think of the word whichbest fits ecch gap. Use only опе word in each gap. Тhеrе is спexcmple at the beginning (0).

ЕNJОYЛВLЕ EXERCISEYou (0) hа.у.е рrоЬаЬlу hеаrd countless timeshow exercise wi[[ keep you fit and hea[thy.But getting (1) right amount can a[soincrease уоur епеr8у [eve[s and even helpimрrоче уоur mood too. Experts recommendthat tеепаgеrs get 60 minutes оr mоrе ofphysical activity (2) day. Мапу teenagersachieve this Ьу getting involved (3)team sports sцсh as footbatl. Вut if уоu'rеnot keen (4) playing team sportsthеrе is (5) .. . .. ,. need to get stressed andwоrriеd - (6) . аrе plenty of ways youсап get аеrоЬiс exercise оп (7) own оrwith friends Ьу doing activities (8) as cyc[ing, ruппiпg,swimming, dancing and walking.Try to hаче fuп at the same timeand then you wi[[ feel (9) doing exercise instead of it beingsomething уоu hаче to do.

Keeping fit and healthy

Exam tip

Learn verbs and adjectives with theirprepositions as they аrе often testedin U." of English Part 2. /

Exam tip

Read the text quickly first, then writethe missing words in the gaps. Whепyou have finished, rеаd the wholetext again. Check that the wordsуоu'че written make sense. ýя

F UNIT 4 us' оF ENGLI*H

VосаЬчlаrу * Word building (2}

2 Look ct the words in the second column. Mcke о noun from eochsuffix in the lcst column.

Nочп Nочп ýuffixAdjectives

VеrЬs

SILENTSlMlLARcoNCLUDESUGGEST

,.ф.?.п9эТ-+ гЕ

3 Mcke nouns frоm these words, using the sc:me suffixes.

Adjectives: confident convenient cuTlous equol gепеrоus independent potient possibleVerbs: cppreciote concentTcte connect decorote divide expond produce Teqct

lп Use of English Раrt З, there is ап example and ten words to сhапgе.The task below has ап example and five words.

Use the word given in ccpitals ct the end of the line to form о word thct fits in the gcpin the scme line. There is cn excmple at the beginning (0).

Цýl FOýD.I GET! l Н ЕА!,!!!У.:Fast food is big business, with hаmЬurgеrs andpizzas leading the way. But these two (0)Еиt:.ррсФл..

dishes did not get the fast food treatment until the

world's first fast food restaurant opened iп SапВеrпаrdiпо, California, iп 1948. Restaurant оwпеrs

wanted to take advantage of the rising (1) ...............,.. of

саrs, so they made а (2) to design drive-in

rеstачrапts. They simplified thеiг mепus so that thеrеwas по (3) fоr а knife, spoon оr fоrk and they used cups, plates and bags that could Ье thrоwпaway. Ву the 1960s and '1970s this kind of food was becoming (4) соmmоп in Еurоре and sincethen it has spread to оthеr parts of the wоrld. The most recent trепd has Ьееп the (5) .of mоrеhealthy options like salads to menus and this looks like|y to continue.

VосаЬчlаrу * Food

4 Mqke adjectives that you ccn use to describe food from these nollns.

fot nut scrit spice tcTsle

ý Which of the cdjectives below ccn you чsе to describe these nouns?(You сqп use some of the cdjectives twice.)

}эclonced fried heclihy lorM-fct rоw riсh riре rottensecsonol sugсrу tough чеgеtоriоп

one cnd write the

Exam tip

You may need to add some ехtrаletters or change some letters beforeyou add а suffix.

EURoPE

PoPULARDEclDE

NECESSARYlNCREASElNTRoDUcE

lt

1 Work in pcirs. Read the excm tcsk below cnd cnswer thesequestions.

I Who is Реtег Clif{?2 Whу hos he wгitten о lеttег? Whot does he wcnt to know?3 Does hе use fогmсrl от iпfоrmоl lcTnguoge? UndeTline some

exomp}es in the lеttег whlch show this.

Exam tip

The difference between formal and informal written English isbecoming less сlеаr. But, before you rер|у, look carefully at howformal the language in the input email оr letter is. Don't mixformal and informal language.

2 How will you begin and end the replyyou write?

3 Now recd this reply, which hos somemissing phrases. Choose the mostfoTmal/polite qпswеr from the listsbelow to complete the reply. All ofthem ore grammatically correct.

Dsаг Мг Lliff

0 {ог аgгооiпg to соmg and talк to оuг

clabb.

Wо аге fourtoon 1аагь old, and оuг lovel of бngliвh

i5 iпtoгmodiаt9. Wp аг9, all quita iпtрге$sd in арOгt,

but rдо don't Knoul muсh about clcling, (2)

Ьосаuьо rllо аrs not uaod to бngliah paople bpeaKing

чец fast.

(?) abou,t ,lгаiпiпg and Keaping fit, аs sочогаl

people in tho сlаsь аго intareated in thib. Ноцrрчег, if

thего is time, 1ou could talK about ьоmа ol ihr rасеь

1ou have done аь цrpll.

Finatl1, (4) uа а fitm оr alidsa ot 1ou in action

оп 1оuг biкc.

trtle аге looKing fогr.^rагd to 1оuг talK.

Yоuгь аiпсоге[1

магtiп Fiьсhог

I А ThonksВ Thclnk you чеrу muchС Thonkyou

А Pleose could you tolk slowlyВ You must tсllk slowlyС \Ме would Ье gгcTteful if you tclked

slowly

зАв

с4А

вс

SpeckI think it would Ье Ьеttеr if you

Could you speak

what obout showingyou couid showI wопdег if it wоuld Ье possible fогyou to show

ф

rл}ý t,;:\,

^{{1,ъ \лаt

:}.]^ Q

Yочr English teacher has asked you to rерlу to this letter frоm Peter Cliff,а cyclist who is going to give а talk to уочr class. Read Peter Cliff's letterand the notes уоu have made. Then write а letter to Мr Cliff, using allуочr notes.

I toill Ье pleosad to сои/оqг cla55 оп thе Qftегпооп of Згd Исrc- ._ Thиk

Mr СйtТ albryэlike to kлоь sоиgСЬiп9 сЬочt thеstчdzпts Z ои tclking to/ 5о рlеаэе сочld2очtell ме sоиефlдqд[очtуочг cla55 апd/оqгtечеt оi trл9lБ Ехрiаrл

Z coqld еitЬег tclk сЬоqt ty tгаiпiпg опd hошТ kеер flt, ог Z coL{ld tolk оЬоqt sоие о€ theгас2.5 I hоУе done гесепtlу. L)ЬiQh u_loqld/oL.ргеlег?

I сап spend tцJо hоqгs t.rltЬ2очг cl455,5oiэ tЬеге ittд_еlэеуоч цJоqld like ме to dodчгlп9 thot

Z look Лэгtэогd to мееtiп1lоч

Yочгs siпсzге!у

Рсtег Clif$

Te,l,L Mr Сйl

Аsk Мr Сй{to ...

Е UNIT4 WRITING

Recd this letter from your English penfriend, Chris. Underline some excmpleswhich show the relctionship between you cnd Chris. How is it different from yourrelationship with Мr Cliff? Is it more оr less foTmcl?

I'M эо glсd2оч'ге t.,ith ие леХt иопth!

r чs'чаlУ do ап activф ot tbe locol sрогts сlчЬ dчгiп9 tbe fiгst цееk

оf thе holidgrs, ond Z'и plonnlng to do volleyball thrs tiие t,Jоч]ý

like ta do Yoll7bcll too?

ll уоч dont чэопt to do tbat, уоч сQп do tеппiS, {ootbcll ог stоiмиiп9

tnstead, опа of thоsе?

Апd sholl Т s'епd /оч s,оме

LJгitе bcck sооn

Bzst ьЬЬzэ

СЬгls

цтЬ оЬочt thоsz 5рогt5?

Work in pcirs. Decide which of the following (А, В or С) you cqrrld use for еqсhprompt cnd why you ccn't use the other(s). Sometimes more thcn one cnswer ispossible.

Yes, I'm геаlIу pleosed obout my visit toolYes, it'll Ье o1l Tight, I suppose.I'm looking fоrwоrd to seeing you as well.

I'd ]ove to, I've olrMoys ployed volleybcll.I'd rаthеr not do volIeyboll becouse I've печеr ployed it befoTe.No, I don't wont to do volleyba1l от cnything else, thcnks.

Yes, I'm much Ьеttеr ot footbсlll thcln volleybci], so I'Il do thct.I'd Iоче to do sмrimming beccuse I теаIIу like being in the тrqtет.No thcnks, I теаllу don't enjoy sроrt!

Сhris, cсrn you find out how much doing footbcll costs, plecse?Con you osk if I hove to wеоr speciol trоiпеrs ot the sports сIuЬ?Yes, cсrn you get mе с leof]et cbout the sрогts cnd send it to mе?

IAвс

2Авс

The prompts оп the right о{ theletter help уоч to write а suitablerерlу. lf you wапt to get а goodmаrk, you need to respondappropriately to all the points,otherwise уоur letter will not makesense. Number the points andcross them out when you haveincluded them in уоur answer *

No, Ье.саиsе

Yеs, ехрИ)*l

Yеэ, ask СhrLэ tлЦлd, оцL а}оиё ...

Exam tip \

зАвс

4Авс

6 Your teccher will show you а reply to Chris's letter. Fоr each prompt, underline thesentence which directly cnswers it, qnd put с wavy line under the sentences thatЪхрспd'it (give extrc informction). You clwcys need to expcnd qt leqst two of thepoints.

Now write уочr own rерIу to Chris's letter.RеmеmЬет to:r Tecd everything ссrеfullу so yollundeгstcrnd the whole situation.r decide whct rеsропsе ls needed to the рrоmрts.о expond on crt lecrst two of the рrоmрts.о check уоur onswer when you hove finlshed.о writе between 120 с:nd 150 woTds.

@ S"u раgеВб

The layout of letters and emails isdifferent, but the technique is thesame. Both the situation and thelanguage used willtellyou whetherа letter is fоrmаl оr iпfоrmаl. 4

-Т,Г-rýilr

!lлSоmе of the wоrds below hove similcr mecnings.work in pcirs. choose one word to mctch еqсh of thedictionary def initions.

ý Ambitions and achievementý

You сrе going to reqd с mcgazine crticle obouttclented young реорlе. Fоr questions I-I5,choose from the people (А-Е). The people mcyье chosen more thcn опсе.

Exam tip

Read text А, 9о through the questions and findall the А answers. Repeat for texts В-Е. Finally,go back and look fоr any missing апswегs.

оdvепtuгоus сорсЬlеcompetitive crectiveenergetic sympcthetic

сhееrfu1 communicctivedecisive eclsygolng

thorough

utlderstanding alrd caring about оthег people's Гееl:зj:j:,ý,i2

::ll1*:1y":]:}"1|:|Y:], an<l1ften exciting things "-''] -'llia!.Фrii1ъ1я*.týý]1$!{r.ýte**.'

3 having inlagination ог otigirral ic.leas i:ý{9,r|*рзl1]1tr. ]Фtqgы'

4 warrting чс:rу nruch to win оr 1эе nrore successlul tharr otlrers ],

'ф}iеr*ýqФФlФdi5 rvilling to talk to people and give rhenr iпlоrmаtiоп 1

" ",,, -",...*",**,!6 able to clo things еitЪсtiчеlу and skilfuIly

апd achicrc гсsults i

Look ct these photos. Which jobs cre shown?

-l

* -l .iJ

whct kind of personality do you need to hcve in orderto Ье good ct these jobs? Fоr each photo, choose someof the cdjectives in Exercise I. Then think of somemore adjectives for еqсh.

: Which реrsопi combined twо iпtегеsts into а

, possible сагеег?

, *unt" to оffег suррогttо оthегsi in а similаг situation?:

] knows it will Ье песеssагу to keepthеiг knowledge up to date?

wепt thгоugh а регiоd of beingoccupied With а diffегепt iпtегеst?

was uпsuге ofthe ехtепt оfthеiгability at one stage?

has always used thеiг talent to helpthem escape fгоm daily life?

геаlisеd that they had to take advantageof апу оррогtuпitу that was оffегеd?

felt at fiгst that they might succeediп а пumьег of diffегепt сгеаtivе агеаs?

аdmiгеs оthегs Ьесаusе of thеiгсhагасtегistiсs гаthег thап thеiгachievements?

knows ап еагlу iпtегеst in thеiг subjectallowed them to ргоgгеss fаstег?

was initially iпsрiгеd Ьу the achievementsof апоthег регsоп оfthеiг оwп age?

was uпаwаге that it was possible tomake а сагеег out of thеiг iпtегеst?

саmе to а sudden decision aboutwhat they wanted to do as а 1оЬ?

thinks it is ап advantage to stand outfгоm оthегs when young?

sауs they соmе асгоss successfulpeople who look down оп оthегs?

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Му AmbitionWe interviewed five talented уочпg people who are already оп the way to successfu/ cafeers,

А LauraLaura Stanley is опlу 15 and has already produced ап impressive collection of poemsand short stories. Неr interest in writing started at about eight years old when а girl iпher class read aloud а story that she had written. Laura was very impressed Ьу it anddecided to have а go herself. She used to sing solos in the school choir and was alsoаП accomplished artist and dancer. Fоr а lопg time she thought she might fol|ow опе ofthose paths as а саrееr rather than writing, as at the time she didn't real|y know whethershe was good enough at writing. But iп the end she has decided that writing is what sheloves. 'I know that other kids think l'm weird sometimes because l'd rather Ье writingthan out doing things but it's по bad thing to Ье а bit different at this stage. You don'tget anywhere unless уоu'rе different.'

В HarukiHaruki Kato is а highly dedicated young sculptor. At the age of 16, he has already had hiswork displayed in galleries and won sечеrаl competitions. Не says he's always sculpted:'Fоr mе it's а way of losing myself in а fantasy world, of cutting everything else out.' Неsays he's inspired поt Ьу successfu| artists, bui Ьу апуопе who is driven and determinedto get where they want. 'l have а lot of people аrочпd mе who have helped me and madesure l improve and grоw as an artist. lп the future, l'd like to do the same for childrenlike me who have а talent but need епсоurаgФlтепt so they don't give up. lf l weren'tstudying for exams, l'd spend some of mу time teaching them now,'

С MichaelMichael Miller is а 16-year-old magician with big dreams. Не has already appeared опTV ОПСе. Like mапу children, he was fascinated Ьу magic tricks when very small andspent hours teaching himself tricks from а little book he was given. 'lf l hadn't done that,l wouldn't have had such ап advantage when l did start taking it seriously.' However,when he was about twelve he went off magic completely as he spent all his time playingfootball. Then his brother showed him а пеw Тv programme featuring а magician and hewas hooked. Не says, 'l do have а lot of ambition. А famous magician says in опе of hisbooks that it's good to have big dreams but you don't have to tell апуопе your dream. l

take his advice so l'll keep mу dream to myself for now.'

D ЕIепаElena Mancini is а 16-year-old make-up artist with plans for the future. She's alreadyworking in lоса| theatres and has even helped оп а fiIm set. 'l used to watch mу mumputting her make-up on еVеrу day and would beg her to put it оп mе. But for ages l

didn't realise that you could do this as а job so l tried to make myself enjoy science asmy parents are both scientists.' Еlепа knows it's а demanding job. '|f l want to do well,|'ll have to work very hard. The make.up world is always changing so it's necessary toconstantly Ье learning пеw techniques,'

Е JoelJoel Bailey, who is 15, wants to Ье а music journalist and he has already had someinterviews published in music magazines. 'tоr ages, l really didn't know what l wantedto do after school, But l'm а big fan of rock music and I read all the music magazineswhеП l can get hold of them. l enjoy writing as well, and one day l just саmе up with theidea that l couId Ье а journalist апd specialise in music. So l started writing articlesand sending them off to magazines. some l didn't even get paid for, but l didn't mind,because if you want to succeed in апу business, you have to get recognised and lеаrпуоur skills. The опlу thing l don't like about the music business is thatyou come acrosssome people who are very arrogant because they feel they аrе better than the rest of us.'

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Vocabulary - phrasal чеrьs

In Use of English Port I you often need to choose which phrcsal verb fits into с gap.Look bcck at the texts on pcge З9 clnd underline these verbs in the different sections.give up (В) go off (С) соmе u,p l,лrith (Е) come ссrоss (Е)

It is often possible to guess the meaning of phroscl verbs frоm the words cround them,even il you haven't seen them before. Mctch the phrcsol verbs in Exercise 1 цrith thesemecnings.

I think of 3 meet Ьу chonce2 stop liking something 4 stop doing something

Fоr questions I-12 recd the text below cnd decide which cnswer(А, в, с or D) best fits ессh gap. Тhеrе is on ехqmрlе ct the beginning (0).

How mу dfeсrm ссmе trче! .

l was Ьогп iп Pakistan, а соUпtгу with а vivid histогу апd (0} ...Р_.. tгаditiопs.Despite loving my соuпtгу, fгоm (1) childhood l had dгеаmt of tгачеlliпgаЬгоаd. очег time, that dгеаm Ьесаmе а fiгm goal; l wanted to go апd liveапd study iп the USA. l decided l had to (2) . а way of p.rruading.nуfamily to move thеге. Тhеп, whеп l was fоuгtееп апd had almost given (3).........the idea of going to the usA, mу fаthег (4) аппоuпсеd that we wегеactually mочiпg thеге!l quickly (5) to the Аmегiсап way of life Ьесашsе l'd lеагпt а lot аьоut theсоUпtгу fгоm the films апd books l,d (6)......... . Althoшgh thеге wеге still сегtаiпthings that wегеп't at all (7)......... to mе, l didn't suffeimuch fгоm сultuге shock.(8) , l wогkеd hагd to fогm пеw fгiепdshiрs апd fit iп at school, things l ечепtuаllу (9)......... to do.lп pakistan they оftеп say that а регsоп should Ье judged поt (10) Ьу his past асiiечеmепtsbut also Ьу his dгеаms. l'm sеvепtееп поw апd I have пеw аmЬitiопs. l wапt to Ьесоmе а dосtог,to (11)"""", а familY of mу оwп апd to go back to wогk iп Pakistan. l'm suге that if l wогk hагd, I shallhave по difficulty iп (12)........, those goals.

Exam tipouestions 2, З and б in theExam task test phrasal verbs.You willfind mоrе practiceof these verbs оп pages 22 ýапd 24 of the Workbook. d_l

0 А еldегIуl А Iittle2 А gоочег3 Aup4 А carelessly5 А suited6 А kept to7 А соmmоп8 А РгеfегаЬlу9 А copedl0 А quiteIl А keepL2 А ochieving

В ontiqueВ eoTlyв соmе down withВ arMayВ unexpectedJ.yВ оltегеdв come асIоssВ usuclВ AlteTnotivelyв succeededВ muchВ hсчеВ obtoining

С postС firstС соmе up withС bockС cTccidentaiiyС mCItchedС gone intoС fоmi]iогс ОthегчrisеС manogedС ечепС mokeС регfоrmiпg

D cncientD youngD go thгоughD outD undoubtedlyD odoptedD put up withD fTequentD InstecldD hondedD onlyD hoidD ocqulTing

fre 'NIT 5 us' оF ENGLIsH

Grammar - Conditionals

3 Complete these conditionql sentences, then checkуочr cnswers with the recding texts on pcge 39.

l If I wеrеп't studylng fоr exqms, I........................,.. sоmе ofmy time tecching them now.

2 If I hodn't done thot, I......................,.... such on odvantogewhen I did stогt toklng j.t seriously.

3 If I wont to do well, I.................,......... wоrk чегу hсrd.4 If you чrспt to succeed in ony business, you

get rесоgпisеd.

which sentence in Exercise 3 is cbout:

с past events which ссrп't Ье chonged ог didn'thорреп?

Ь something which is llkely in the futuге?с something which is impossible от unlikely?d something which is а geneTol stctement of fcct?

Recd the exomples qnd then completethe definitions below with the underlinedexpressions.yоu cсrn go to the becrch providing (thс:t) / provided

(thct)you finish уоuг hоmеwоrk,

Tom will соmе swimming os l so lono cs heflnlshes his hоmеwоrk in tlme.

I'11bTlng mу coot in ссýе it Tcins,

\д/е'1l go to the becch unless it rсiпs.

I ........................... meqns the some cs except jf.

2 ..,........,,.,..........,. meqns.becouse jiЪ possjbJe somethingmight hорреп.

3 ........................... сrnd..,.....,.................. mеqп the sqmе os onJy jfоr on condl'tjon thot.

Choose the correct expression in these sentences.

I'l1 come to the fllm unJess / as Jong qs theTe's qmotch on Тv I wcnt to wqtch.I won't соmе to the fi]m jf / uпlеss thеrе's о motchon TV I wcnt to wotch.

3 Toke some mопеу unJess / jn cose you need to getthe bus hоmе.

4 I'1l lend you some mопеу jn cose / so Jong qs уоugive lt Ьqсk tоmоrгоw.

|п Use of English Part 4 thеrе аrе eight sentencesto Ье rewritten. Тhеrе аrе five in the task below.

Fоr questions I-5, complete the second sentenceso it has с similcr meoning to the first sentence,using the word given. Do not change the wordgiven. You must use between two CInd five words,including the word given.

Exam tip iThe sentence you write needs to include the word iin capitals and to Ье grammatically соrrесt. lt must _ ý

i ::l, "",l:, ::::_::: _:::lr_ lT:": ::" _*" j

0 I suddenly thought of how I couid реrsuоdе mymum to let mе go on the tгiр.сАмЕI suddenly сМпе...ир....шi,.th...Ф...wоу of persuading mymum to let mе go on the triр.

I I don't think we'll Ье сhоsеп fоr the teqm beccruserMe'Te not pгactising enough.UNtESSWe won't Ье chosen foT the teom.........,..,,...

mоIе.

2 I'11 come to the рогtу if you let mу sisteT соmе too.PRovIDEDI'1l соmе to the рагtу ............ ollowed toсоmе too.

3 The museum might not hqче сr соfё so \ме need totoke с packed luпсh.cASEWe need to toke о pccked lunch,...........................,................ оссfб in the museum.

4 I rеgгеt not hoving done any revislon, but I didn'tknow the test was today.HAvEIf I hcd known the test wos todcy, I

revislon.

То Ье good ot а sport, you hove to do seveTqlhоuгs of ргссtiсе eveTy doy.NEEDIf you wont to Ье good ct о sport, you...............,...,

sечеrоI houTs ечеrу doy.

@ S*. pageL2

@l Work in pairs. Moke sentences about yourself with

Education

some of these words.

cttended cctching highest qroup put on

@ Now listen to the recording cgcin ond complete thegaps with one or two words.

I Anno went to q..,........................ school чеrу close to hег hоmе.2 Аппо is in the top set fоr...........,....,.......... .

3 Anno hod to wесI ct white роlо shlTt ond fог sрогts lessons.4 Annc found getting the...........,............... di{ficult Ьесqusе she Trosn't used

to it.

Work in groups of thrее or four to спswеr these questions.

I Anno has ottended stote schools. Is the school you сте qt q stqteschool оr о рriчсrtе one?

2 Anncr's sесопdоrу school ls соmргеhепsjче (onyone соп go to it).Do children hсче to tqke on ехqm to get о ploce iп youT schoo] огсап onyone go?

3 Subjects ot Аппq's school оте streomed. Аrе сhi}dгеп ot уоuг schooldivided into groups оr sets fог diffeгent subjects оссогdiпg to theirobllity? Is this о good ideo?

4 Anno's school hos good focjJjtjes, Iike plcying fields and о ccrnteen.Аrе the focilities ot уоur schoo]. good?

рrimоrу sсhооiП hecdfi sесопdсrrу sсhооlП cttendfi stote[соmрrеЬпslче [ stгеоmеd П set П unrform Гl Щоri, Ktt f] Б=""" Ipupils [_] plCIyiщ flelds I ccInteen П lclborctoTbs I hЬrоry [fsr'imming pooli] tессhег [ "los="" Гl timet.,ble П Ьо*"*Б [ ru],es ПФ Now listen to Annc, cn English girl, tclking obout hеreducction. Tick (rZ) the words from Exercise I she uses.

Annc used these words on the recording. Match the underlinedwords in the sentences in Ехеrсisе 4 with а word below whichhos the scme meoning.

.яЬ

Exam tip

The words you hеаr Ьеfоrе (оroccasionally after) you hеаr theапswеr in the rесоrdiпg will Ье verysimilar to the words iп the question,but not identical. /

Р UNIT 5 LI*TENING

work in pairs. Discuss these questions qbout educational visits.

What is on educcltioncl visit? Whcrt soTt of ploces do you go to оп

сп educпtioncIi visit? Hovo уоu been on crny educctlonc1 visits

wlih уоuг clcssischool? Where dld уоu Ео?

you cre going to hесr а Ьоу tclking cbout с clcss educationclvisit. Look ctlhe photos. whct do you think he saw there? write

down five words you think you might hecr in the tclk,

Now look ct the underlined words in the Ехсm tcsk below,

Mctch them with words in the Ьох with the scme mecning. You

wiII hеаr these words in the recording,

You wiII hecr а student cclled Мах tclking cbout his

visit to the деrоsеum in Gothenberg, Sweden. Fоr questions

I-I0, complete the sentences. ,

Vl5lTTo тнЕАЕпЕ5ЕUмThe museum is built verv close to on old

underground shelters.

During the consiruction of the shelters, о lot о1

The shelters could not Ье found оп

опе knew obout them.

То enter ihe museum, you hove to push о

ond situoted in some

hod to Ье moved.

ofter they were built, so for yeors по

Ьу the mоiп doors,

The moin doors were mode very thick so they could protect everything from

Мох wos surprised to see some

the museum,

which looked very modern just inside

of the cobin difficult to deol with.

ond flying plOnes.

Мох thought ihe pilot would hove found the

Мох preferred listening io о volunteer who tolked obout

Мох enloyed wotching some people covering о wing mode of

Mox's visii ended in the

Work in pcirs. Did you get аII the answers right? If not, whqt

mistckes did you make?

А I spelled the wогd wтong. QuestionsВ I wrоtе the wrопg Gпswеr. QuestionsС I got lost and missed the qпswеr. Questions

Exam tip

The first possible answer you hеаr will not

n"c"rr.rily Ье the соrrесt опе. Some wordsаrе there io distract you! 4

1

2

з

4

5

6

7

8

9

li[ 1

4lIч!#

VосаЬчlаrу - School subjects

l Tick (/) the subjects you оrе studying,then compare with с pcrtner.

@4 Work in poirs cnd do the tcsk below.

оihеr subjects:

2 Tell your pcrtner which of the subjectsin Exercise I you like best. Use recsonsс-е to explcin whу.

I'm good at it.The tеосhег's gгесrt.It's on interesting subject,It'll Ье useful.OtheT:

3 Match the speech bubbles rMith thequestions then, in pairs, ask andcnswer them. Rеmеmьеr to odd someехtrс informotion.

АI'd love to lеаrп Chinese if I could,

с

I hope to pass alI mу ехаrпýand.go to unlv€rsity.

I'd Iike to Ье а scientist ifI get good grades.

How to sit stiШ!

Ambitions and achievementsI Whot job rMould you like to do when

you gTow up?2 Whct do you expect to qchieve ln the

next five уеогs?Educсrtion3 Whot wcs the most impoTtont thing

you lесrпеd ot ртimогу school?4 Is thеrе о new subject you'd геоllу like

to study?

Exam tip

Don't wоrrу if you don't know а раrtiсч|аr word, оr if you аrеuпSчrе what you сап See iп the photographs! Кеер talking andmake intelligent guesses using the phrases above. {J

Candidcte Д; Look ot рhоtоgгарhs А ond В. Соmроrе themстnd cnswer the question. Ъll уоur onswer to Cclndldote В.use these рhrоsеs if уоu сте not surе ob,out whot уоu see inthe photo: it mауlmightlсач]d Ье с .л, ji Jooks /jke с ...jtЪ sjmjJcTr to с .., jfЪ с sorf о/...ccrndidcte В: when condidote А hcs finlshed, discusstogether whlch lesson уоu would рrеfег to do сxnd why. GiverеоSопS. Неrе grе some phrcses you cсn use:I'd rcttheT... .becouse jtЪ mоrе jnferesfingr, /tЪ good to JестrпsomefhlnEr пеrи I'd Tather.be outsjde, I dоп't Likelenjaydoing... becouse...

Whot do you think the pupils wi}l1еоrп on thеlr visits?

Епgrlish I other foTeign lcnguogesmу оwп longucrge cTnd literotuIe ПmothsI sciencel] history lgeogTophy l IT l

-l sрогt ГТ

оrt;] music i t d.omo ]]

г

сьсdе

D

Now do the same with photographs С cnd D. cqndidcte Вshould stcrt. Use the phrcses in Exercise 4 to help you.whеп ccndidcte В hos finished, discuss which of the visitsyou would prefer to go on cnd why.

\л/hсt might pupils }естrп Ьу doing these different subjecis ot school? i

IШ 'NIT 5

''EAKING

Match these mоrе formcl words cndphroses with the ones underlined inthe text.l Reqd the ехсm question cnd а cqndidCIte's report below.

Work in pcirs. Are these sentences true or fclse?

The ccndidate:l hcs спswеrеd both рсrts of the question.2 hCIs used suitoble heodings in his героrt.3 thinks the tecching ot his schoolis рооr.4 feels he ls too old to rмeor school uпifогm.5 hcs used on оррrорriаtе style.

с Ьу the timeЬ obolishс thегеfотеd in odditionе lmpTessive

f tcke poTt ing чегуgооdh in my opinioni qs foT

j fortunote

3 you cre often csked to mckesuggestions оr recommendctions in аreport. Underline the thrее examples inthe rероrt on the left, cnd then completethese sentences with youT own ideqs.

I I suggest that mу school should build сnew... beccuse...

2 I rесоmmепd intToducing... ot mуschool Ьесqusе ...

3 In mу view ... beccuse ..,

Now write the answer to one of thesequestions,

1 \Ъur teccher hcs csked you to writео rеротt foT hоmеwоrk saying whichnew subject you lMould like to study otschool ond why.

2 You hove been on q closs vislt to оmuseum. Now уоur tесхсhеr hcs cskedyou to wгitе о rероrt on the visit,exploining what you lecrned сrndwhеthег you would rесоmmепd thevislt to оthеr pupils.

RеmеmЬеr to:о pion уоur rероrt befoTe you begin.. use voccbulory cnd structures {rom

the unit.о decide whct уоur lntroduction crnd

heodings will be,. usе о fоrmоl оr semi-formcl style.. mcke suте уоu use the соrrесt

пumьеr of words,

@ S"" page89

Exam tip

You wi|l get а better mark for уочr rероrt if you useheadings for each section. А report should Ье formal оr , \

Y},

Yочr teacher has asked you to write а report for hоmеwоrksaying what you like most about your school and whatchange(s)you would recommend. Write уочr report. (Use'120-180 words.)

BeoTt оп rпу sсЬоЫ

lпtг_оdчсtiоп

i lm чету (t) lцсkу Ьесацsе t'rп happy at mу sесопdаrу ýchool,

l*Пi"Ыi" good Ьесаиsа t hачаtо sfi;ф hегеfоrапоfhегfiче

уеаг5-What l like most аЬоцt mу schoolt (е) do а lo-t of sрогt, which !_ецjоу veTy mцqh, (З) And t

l Фресiаtе the factthaf_ther:e аге playing fields гiфtоutsidе.

Д)WМ lessons аге сопсегпеd, my fачоцгф sиЬjесtrs

histо_rу, and t hаче а геаllу (s t_еэфсrgаl|еd Д4г

]Реtеrэоп,Тhеtеаqhеrэаt€едthцs!аStgаЬqцtthеjrsцЬJ'сqtЕ: апd (а) so the lеssо_пs аге wеlltацght

The changes lwоцld rесоmrпепdl suggestthe head shоцld (7) gеtгid of sсhqоlцпфlд.(6) When you ге 13 ог 14, уоu dоп t like wеагiпg the 9q1це

clothes as еу€гуопе else/ l'd also гесоmmепd giving ечегуопе

l .опе night а week wifhоцt home. wo_Ik, We get геаllу fiгеd

l stиdуiпgаl[thеtlmе, and 0) in mу чiеw, we wоцld c.o_rl€nfi,ate

Ьеt[ег оп оthег dауs if wе had at least опе night free fo геlа/i Сопсlчsiопl

] Му_sсhооl isэlгеафjlСдсаi-Ь_цtшаkшg аfеw_с_hапgеs"

wоuИtеерJhс,gирЪiарруL

WRITING UNIT 5 Щ

l{[

}Jyi F\

l*}\U Environment and weather

l Work in pairs. Which photo shows these things, А, В, С or D?(Some mау Ье in mоrе thcn one photo.)

bushes grass grеу sky lokes mсэuпtсiпspine tтэеs rосks snow cnd 1се sunshine volccnoes

Now mctch the photos with these countries. Whct helped youto decide?

Аustrсliс Соmеrооп Ccnadc lcelcnd

@ You will hecr three teenagers ecch tolking about thewecther and environment in опе of the countries cbove. which . ,," -;

;* , 'i,,ili i'rcountry does ecch speaker talk about?

Sресkеr 1 ................... Specker 2.,,....,,..,.,,...... ... Specker 3

Which words gcve you the answer?

Фж Listen cgain and mcke а list of the cdjectives, почпs and expressions thespeckers use to describe the wecther.

Adjecives

пфd-

Nouns

sипshйе

Expressions

Lеmреrаtлtrеэ beL.ow zero

Tick (rz) the words and expressions that сqп Ье used about your country. In pairs,tclk qbout the wecther in your country. Whct is your fcvourite time of уеаr? Why?

h 'NIT б T.I*THNING

which countries in the Ьох hcvethe problems below? Wоrk in pcirsor smcll groups. You ccn find theinfoTmation on the internet оr in qbook if you need to.

Bonglcdesh Brozil ltcly iomaiccScudi АrсЬlс Spcin SwitzerlCIndthe USA

forests disappeoringvo}ccnoes eruptingindustricl pollutionrivers drying uplсrсk of roinf]oodinghurгiсопеssnow ond ice melting

Do you hcve any of these problems inyour country? What сqп Ье done сЬочtthem?

Grаmmаr - Countable anduncountable почпs

7 Riчel- is а countcble почп cndpoJJution is cn uncountable почп.Answer these questions qЬочtcountcble cnd чпсочпtqьlе nouns.

1 Which kind of поuп con Ье siпgulаг оr

рluгаl?2 Which klnd of поuп ccnnot Ье pluTal

ond tokes с singulaг чегЬ?

8 Write the nouns from Exercises I,4and б into the соrrесt list.

poLLиti.on

Exam tip 1

lf you find а qчеstiоп difficult, listen for words which tell you whichof the роssiЫе answers аrе wrong. This will make it easier tochoose the соrrесt one. s,

bro;ztl.

ЁrтЛ You will hecr с Ьоу called Tim talking to his teccherabout q school project he has done on the environment. Fоrquestions I-Z choose the best Gnswer (А, В оr С).

Why did Tim choose to do с pToject on the environment?А His family peTsuoded him to toke раrt.В Не wcnted to toke positive qction.

с Не wqs interested in the sclentiflc issues.

What chonge hos Tim mcde in his trovel habits?А Не wolks to school rоthет thcxn taking the bus.В Не cctches the bus to school rоthеr thon tгсчеiliпg Ьу ссr.С Не cycles to school insteod of getting о llft.

3 Whot suggestioh wiII Tim moke crbout рорег use ct school?А Students should use only рореI thct hos been гесусlеd.В Students should ovoid using рсреI rMhen submitting wоrk.С Students should usе both sides of pcpel rMhenever possible.

4 Whct improvement does Tim pTopose foT the school соfеtегiс?А gettlng rid of drinks machinesВ moking the menu vegetaTionС puгchasing food gго\мп locolly

5 Tim thlnks thot оII young реорlе shouldА study in поturоl light rMheneveT possible.В turп off еlесtriсоl equipment they'Te not usiпgг.

С tгу to ovoid using оir condltionlng.

6 Whct does Tim soy obout uslng wоtег?А Even smcll cctions ccn геduсе wcteT use.В Ап inteTnotionql solution is needed fоr wqtеr shoTtages.С Some реорlе refuse to trу ond sove wоtег.

7 Whct does Tim believe fcmilies should do whеп shopping?А cvoid buying expensive rеаdу mеqlsВ refuse to рсу fоr unnecessary plastic bcgsС reduce the cmount of packaged food they buy

9 Now your teacher will show you what Tim said.In pcirs,Iookct the recording script for ecch question, qпd underline thewords that give you the cnswer. Then highlight the wordsthat show you the other qпswеrs Grе wrong.

Exam tip \

The answers will Ье in the same order as the questions, so keep л i

listening ечеп if you miss ап апSWеr. ,- -l_--_,-, -,-- --'

6:@ S"" раgеВЗ

о How successful чrou}d these suggestions fоr helping the

envlTonment Ье?. Which two would Ье the best to choose cnd rMhy?

1 In Specking Part 3, the exqminer introduces the topic,

shows you some pictures cnd asks you to tclk cbout the two

questions written above them. Mqke notes of whct you could

scy cbout these pictures.

Now prcctise doing the tcsk with yourpcrtner. Mqke sчrе you Gnswer the twoquestions cbove the pictures.

Exam tipyou have three minutes to discuss the

two questions. Start speaking straight .

away. Cooperate with уоur partner and

ask him/hеr to rеsропd, e.g. What doyou thiпk? Do you аgrее? Апd you? 4f}:

The examiner will osk you somegепеrаl questions Telcted to Pcrt 3.

You have four minutes to complete Pcrt4 in the excm. Toke it in turns to cskcnd cnswer the questions below withyour рсrtпеr.

о Do students ot youT schoo} do опу о{

the thlngs shown in the pictures?Which ones?

о Do yclu thiпkуоuг schoolisenvironmentolly frlendly? Why? iWhy not?

о Do you think young people ссrеoiэout the enviTonment mоге thcrn

older реорlе? Why? i Why not?о whot kind of things do you ond

уоur {crmi}y do ot hоmе to hеlр the

environmeni?. Why is lt lmроrtопt to do things like

recycling?? you should hcve с discussion about the pictuTes, you ccnogree, discgree, mqke с comment оr с Suggestion using the

phrases in the speech bubbles. Write А, D, с or S next to

ecch speech bubble.

I don't rеаIlу think that's а2з

Absolutely.We а]1 know we

shouldn't drop litter.

We could tell еvеrуопе tocomputels at the end of

I'm with you on that.

I don't think making а wi}фifе аr9аwould go down weli with studrjhts hеф.

,'',7

' *nut about getting recycli1,lg '

bins in the canteen?

!G UNl'l'ь ýrд}IьItчuт

That's not what I think, I'm

You mау Ье csked to write cn crticle оп сr verywide ronge of subjects. You don't clwcys haveto Ье very serious, but you do need to get therecder's cttention cnd keep it. Which of thesestrategies will help you to do this?

I asking questions to involve the rесrdеr2 moking cn crmusing comment3 using long and compliccted rMords4 finishlng in о mеmоrсЬlе woy5 moking lots of compoгisons6 giving реrsопоi excmples

This crticle wcs written for с school magazine.Recd it qnd find exomples of the helpfulstrc:tegies in ExeTcise I. Highlight them indifferent colours.

What l do to hе'green'at home and at schoolWe all have to do something to help the environment,don't we? l'm only 14 though, so there's по way l

personally can do anything about the rеаllу bigproblems, like climate сhапgе, is there?

However, l сап make sure l live my own life in а green

way. At home that means поt taking baths, because

they use too much hot water. (Don't wоrrу, l stilI take

showers!) l turn off the lights and heating in my rооmwhen l leave, so I don't waste electricity. l'm verygrееп when it comes to transport too, because l walkeverywhere. When l go out with my family we often take

the trаiп rather than the саr, especially if we want to gо

into the city, because it's quicker and cheaper,

At school, l help to co|lect апd recycle all the rubbish.That involves collecting everything from the cafeteria.

0ur head teacher has also decided to turп the central

heating on а month later than usual. lt's ОК, l've put

mу jumper on!

So l can honestly say that l'm as grееп as l сап Ье.

Аrе you?

Соmраrе your cnswers with а pcrtner and thenqnswer these questions.

Is this article written in с fоrmаl, sеmi-fоrmоl оrinformal sty}e? Is thls cppropricte? Why?Ссп you think of спу different wcys to end theorticle?

Неrе is part of cnother orticle. Complete the mainparograph with some of the underlined wordsond phrcses in the crticle in Exercise 2.

Му favourlte time of уеаrWhy is that? Most of all (1) ...,....................... schooI has

finished and that (2) . .. going to the beach with

my friends, relaxing on the wаrm sand, swimming and

snorkelling. (3) ., .. eating out, we often go and

eat at а little restaurant оп the beach, (4)

we want to meet my aunt апd my cousins. We always

spend the evenings there too; when it's wаrm, the stars

аrе shining and the music is playing, it's absolute magic.

Wouldn't anyone love this ехреriепсе? Fоr mе summer(5) . . .. not having any stress or pressure,

relaxing and enjoying the sunshine. (6) .,..............,.........., it

also (7) getting together with family and

relations, some of whom l don't see during the rest of

the уеаr.

Now write out the crticle, giving it с goodintroduction qnd с mеmоrсЬlе ending. Тrу to put аquestion in the introduction, cnd cdd cn omusingcomment to the main рсrоgrарh.

Do one of the following tosks for homework(t2O-t80 words).А Yоur tеqсhег hos csked you to wгitе qп cTticle fоr

the school mogozine with the title:Whot I Jоче ond hote о.Ьоut the rлrеоthеr iп mусоuпtrу.

В Yоu have seen this onnouncement on о teenogewebslte:

Articles wanted!Do you have problems with the environment andpollution iп уочr country?Write and tel| us about them, and say whether you thinkthese problems сап Ье solved.The best articles will Ье posted on the website next month.

Write your сrtiсlеRеmеmЬеr to:о glve уоur огtiсlе с title.О begin vi;ith cn interesting introduction.О j,nvolve уоur rеоdеr with questions.. use уоur own knowl-^dge cnd ехреrlепсе.. try to end it 1п qп cmusing от interesting \цrGу.

Ф S"" page9O

WRITING UNIT U П

. ,-.iii .d , wti*}if;

work in pairs. whct cre these cnimcls cnd whеrе ccn you find them?

In whct wcys cre these animcls different from ecch otheT? tbirrK cbout wherethey live, what they look Iike cnd whqt they eat. Use с dictioncry to help you i{

neceSscry.

А lives in the jungle but С lives iп the ocean.

... and В lives on grassland, in Africa, I think,

Do the three cnimcls hqче cnything in common? If so, whct?

Recd this short text qnd the sentences which follow. underline the differencesbetween the three sentences. Which sentence fits best in the gcp?

Elephonts' huge eors ore copoble of detecting oll kinds of noises which о

humon connot heor. .......... There is о wide rопgе of these thot соп trovel

huge distonces ond ore picked up not iust Ьу other elephonts' eors but

olso Ьу the soles of their feet.

Д Becouse of this, the sounds the onimols produce оrе еyеп mоrе impressive.

В Therefore, the sounds the onimols produce ore еyеп more impressive.

С The sounds the onimols produce, however, ore ечеп mоrе impressive.

Exam tip

Words and expressions like hоwеvеr, though, because of this and therefore help you

decide if а sentence follows the аrgumепt in а text and fits in а 9ар. Read Ьеfоrе and

after the gap. {

l UNIT б _:iil.]:{,, ]] l:l,;l,

ъх

fr,

You cre going to recrd сп article cbout the'singing'of humpbcck whales. Sevensentences hcve been removed from the crticle. choose frоm the sentences А-н theone which fits ecch gop. There is one extrc sentence thct you do not need to use.

Ечеп hчmрЬасk wha[es have hit songs!The fact that male humpback whales sing [ong, sweet

melodjes has Ьееп known for mапу years. However, а new

finding suggests that some melodies Ьесоmе so рорulаr thatthey are sung Ьу whales а[[ over the worldl

But before we look further into this exciting discovery,

hеrе is а bit of background about the tunes suпg Ьу these

mаmmа[s. Unlike the songs released as records Ьу humans,

which [ast for three or four minutes, these soulfu[ whale

songs [ast for tеп to twenty minutes. Е.l{--l Scientistsаrе not sчrе whether they sing to attract females or to

ward off competitors, but арраrепtý опсе they begin, the

mamma[s sing the same song очеr and over, for 24 hочrs at а

time.A[so, they'release'a пеw sопg every уеаr which сап Ье

totally origina[. tЕГ----l What is rеа[[у interesting though

about this 'song of the year'is that whiLe scientists have

kпоwп fоr some time that it is sung Ьу the entire population

of mа[е whales that live in опе group (kпоwп as а pod), theyrесепtlу discovered that it was also 'down[oaded' Ьу whales

that lived in other areas of the wоr[d.

This пеw rеsеаrсh was conducted Ьу University of Queens[and

bio[ogists Е[[еп Garland and Michael Noad, who rесоrdеd

songs frоm six different Pacific whale populations over а

пumЬеr of years. What they observed is amazing. Iп a[most

every case, the аппuа[ songs originated frоm а pod ofhumpback whales off Austra[ia's eastern .ourt. ffiГ--l

0пе such song Ьесаmе such а super hit that it travelledа[[ the way to the Atlantic! However, since they don't have

iTunes or iPods, this рrосеss takes about two years.

The scientists are not yet sure whether the songs were

passed on Ьу humpbacks who moved frоm опе pod toanother, or were shared Ьу the different populations when

they met whi[e they wеrе migrating frоm опе area to another.

Ьеfоrе in the апimаl kingdom and in this respect they аrе

very simi[ar to humans.

The East Australian whаlе population is опе of the largest iп

the Pacific..[TJl Whales аrе very mobil,e animals who

сап swim hundreds of miles per day and their song carries

we[[ underwater so а large group of whales сап spread it over

а wide area.

Since they are amongst the largest species of whales,

humpbacks аrе easy to spot. tr, Г-l These incredib[emamma[s сап dive up to 45 minutes, reach depths of 180

metres and see underwater for mоrе than 120 metres. They

сап blow bubbles frоm their blowholes оп the top of theirheads at speeds exceeding 450 kilometres реr hour and have

lungs [arge епоugh to hold пеаr[у 10,000 litres of air.

Р1--l Their famous songs, which can Ье heard forочеr 160 kilometres, are'sung'by blowing air through theirb[owholes. The опе sad part is that there are сurrепtý опýаЬоut 10,000 of these wопdеrfu[ creatures [eft.

А

в

Their most amazing feature though is that they have no vocal cords.

However, the finding js considered very important, because it confirmsthat whales exchange their culture with each other.

And they are notjust random noises, Ьut are made of actua[ themes thatkeep repeating and deve[oping.

More often than not though, it is actualý а remix of а previous опе.

Because of this. these whales seem to have mоrе jnfluence on what

songs аrе taken uр.

Therefore they appeared to stay sti[[ for some time in опе geographical

[ocation whi[e they did this.

This is also thanks to the unique markings оп the underside oftheir tai[.

The same song wou[d move from group to group, untiI it was being sung

Ьу wha[es about 4,000 miles аwау.

5 Work in pcirs to discuss thefollowing.

I When you hove finished the tosk,соmрсIе уоur qпswеrs with орсrrtпеr. If you disogIee on onqпswеr/ look ot the question ogoin,crnd see lf you con wоrk out rMho isright.

2 Whot wiil you do in the ехоmif you оrе uncrble to опswеr оquestion?

3 Whot is the wTlteT соmроriпg thewholes to in this text? Why?

D

Е

G

н

ill

tillgli,rt,'1.1,,;u8rаrп.rп*

@Grаmmаr * Articles

Sпmе interesting tacts abolltthe wеаthвr апd climatв

, Rесепt increoses in temperotures ocross (I) ..............

world hove Ьееп linked to humon octivity, such os

Р) burning of fossil fuels like (3l ........,......... oil

ond cool. Globolworming hos Ьесоmе (4)

importont issue for governments everywhereos they try to find (5l woy to deolwith(6) ..,............... effects of climote сhоп9е.

l The hottest temperoture ечеr recorded wos 57.8'С

iп (7} - Libyo iп September 1922. (8)

coldest wos ot Vostok Stotion iп (9).,...........,....

Antorctico in July 1983.

. The highest roinfollever recorded in 24 hourswos ]82,5 сm iп Lo Rёuпiоп, duriпg П0).Нurriсопе Denise in Jonuory 1966. The most

roinfoll ever recorded iп опе yeor wos 25.4 m in(ll).......... lndio.

. The highest snowfoll ever recorded iп (l2l

one-yeor period wos 3].1 m iп (13)

Woshington Stote, iп 1972.

. (l4) ..,.... ......., USA olso hos mоrе tornodoes thon опу

other соuпtrу, overoging oround 1200 eoch yeor.

. (l5l ........,........ woter covers 70% of (t6) Eorth's

surfoce, the three lorgest oceons being (l7)

Pocific, flSl Atlontic ond (l9) lndion

Осеоп. The longest river in the world is (20)

О:o.d

Nile, which is 6,650 km iп length.Д#,аф@ S** page83

1 put the correct words into the rules cbout crticles,

.f rlj"] th* no cxrticle

We use ...

1 ...............,.. оr.,,..,.......,,... with slngulcrT uncountqble nounsthot introduce G new item of informcrtion.

2 ..................with countoble ond uпсоuпtqЬlе nouns,

when the item hcxs been mentioned befoTe.

з ..............,... + noun when the specrkeT ond listeneT bothknorM whot they сlrе tolking cbout.

4 ................., with uncountoble clnd рlurаl countob]-e

поuпs when rMe tolk obout things in о gепеrо1c^nea

5 .....,,.....,..,.. with the nomes of most buildings, clties,

countTies, lcrkes, towns, viIloges qnd mountqins,

6 ....,.........,... with the nomes of сеrtqiп соuпtгiеs(rMith the word kingdom, repu-bJic оr stote), Tegions,

deseTts, mountcrin rсrпgеS/ oceqns, гiчеrs ond secrs,

Which of these ploce ncmes need the Ьеfоrеthem? Write them next to the correct hecding.

Atlantic Ocecn Cglifornia Czech RepublicГс:r ýсзi ýimalcyas ltcly tr-cke СоmоLondon l,Jilo }r.lorth of Епg}апС Schcrclýcuth Аmsriсс Thcrnes Llnited KingdomlIniteri ýtctes

Oceans, secs gnd riчетs: *.hе.......,..,... . ....

ýegions; thе,........, . ......,..,

Соt;пtrl*s: lha..............,.....,...

Deserts с:nd ncuntoin rопgев: the..,............,..,..

Add some mоrе exqmples to the lists if you can.

3 О Complete these sentences with о оr the.

I I hеоrd stronge noise coming frоmdownstoirs 1п .................. kitchen.

2 Julie wonted co]d drink b,ut thеrе wеге nodrinks left in,..,,........,.... {ridge.

3 We wonted to cotch bus to сriгротt,

but there wеге none thCIi left еоrIу enough.4 They lесrrпеd wогds of ...,............., пеw song in

closs yesterdoy.5 I rеоIIу enjoyed recding book you lent mе.

4 which sentences need the cnd which no article?Complete them with the or lecve с gop.

I A]l the pupils crt my schoolstudygeogrophy.

2 We studied gеоgrорhу of Indio in clqssyesterdcy.

3 I gсrve mу sister mопеу I owed hеr.

4 Му grопdроrепts sсry that mопеу doesn't

olwoys moke you hcppy.

Complete the text with о, оп, the or lecve а gcpfor по crticle.

fu 'NIT б us* оF ENGLI*H

Grammar - so and sчсh (а/ап)

6 Complete the sentences with so оr such.

I The Sibeгicln tiger is сr IGrе qnimol thclt few

реорlе hove seen опе.2 The recycling campcign rMos.................. well-

orgonlsed that ечегуопе took роrt.The students rеsропdеd with.............,.... enthusicrsm tothe ldecI of 'odopting'crn qпimоl crt the zoo thot thetеосhеr oTgonised it qt once.The tolk obout the Tqinforest wqs ottended Ьу

сl lot of people thot thеrе rMeren't enoughсhоirs.Plcns to build о new motoTwoy wеге dToppedbeccuse mqпу people objected.

6 The deer Ton owсly rсрidlу thot the lioncouldn't cotch it.

Now complete the rules.\Vе use rMith поuпs (with оr in ithout сlпodjectlve) cnd the expresslon ст ]ot (о1).

\Ve use rмith an cdjective оr сdчегlэ, сlnd thernrords пlспу, muсh cnd ferм"

too and епоugh

7 Write сl sentence about ecch ccrtoon using too orenough cnd one of these words.

]эis fcod monay steep

Ехаm tip

Spend no mоrе than ten minutes on Part 2 of this

рареr (оr оп the other parts). lп that time you shouldcheck уоur answers and transfer them to the marksheet. Тhеп you have five minutes at the end of the

,,

exam to check everything. '

Fоr questions 1-12, read the text below cnd thinkof the word which best fits ecch gap, Use onlyопе word in ecch gap. There is cn exomple at thebeginning (0).

Lala the РепgчiпYou might think all penguins (О) hаv.е to live somewhererеаllу cold like Апtаrсtiса, but not Lala. This fоurtееп-уеаr-

o|d Кiпg Penguin not (1) lives in Japan, but is also а

househdd pet.Lala's path to domestic life Ьеgап about ten years(2)............,....., after he was accidentally caught iп аfishегmап's net. Не was (3) sick to swim away so

he was rescued and nursed back to health Ьу а family.Ноwечег, (4) they tried to геturп him to the water,

Lala refused to leave, so (5) family decided toadopt him instead, and installed him in а giапt rооm withаir conditioning in their home. Lala lives in (6)соmfоrt today that he wanders агоuпd the family рrореrtуlooking and acting (7) а king!lf (8) . is опе thing Lala likes mоrе than his cool andpleasant accommodation, (9) is his daily shoppingtrip to town. Не waddles off (1О) mоrпiпg withа penguin-shaped backpack. His first and оп|у stop is at

the local fish store, (lt) he gets two fish, his dailydose of protein. Не eats опе fish in the shop and puts the(12) inside his backpack.The funny thing is, the people of the town аrе so used toseeing him поw that nobody takes апу notice!

Check your cnswers with с pcrtner. If youdiscgree, explain to ecch other why уочI cnsweris right or wrong.

@ Su* pagel}

,ýР'ё;оф:lC, arrd style

-.*tllct.; Shopping and fashion

f; Discuss these questions in а group.

1 Do you ечеr dTess like the реорlе in the photogTophs? Wг_::-

2 Whot сге уоuI fсrчоuгltе clothes?З Do you pTefeT to wестr the some clothes os уоur {riends ог ::

Iook diffeTent?4 Do you think you cqn tell someone's personolity frоm thel:

clothes?

lэ й ,,, Listen to one of the people in the photos. In pcirscnswer these questions.

l Which peIson is speoking?2 Is he/she like you?3 Do you know сlnyone like this?

;; @ 'i , . The expressions below аrе different from thosethe speaker uses but they have с similor meaning. Тrу torеmеmЬеr qпd write some of the words she uses. Then list,;again ond write the rest.

I

2

з4

Ье passionote oboutstcTying in touch withIook differentclothes rMhich оте slightlyshockingclothes which оrе fоirlуtypicoI

7

8

9

I0II|2

becomes unfoshioncrbleget rid ofbecome {clshionobleogoinЬе чегу riсhdгqw ottention to уоuгsе-'clothes Ьу роrtiсulсхrdеsigпегs

SpeokeT 1

Sреоkеr 2

Sреоkеr З

SpeokeT 4

SpeokeT 5

i-}

look good on mе

Exam tip

ln Listening Раrt З you need to listen for words andexpressions which have similar meanings to those iп

the questions.

You will hecr five people tclking cbout shoppingfor clothes. Fоr questions I- 5, choose from the list (А-F)whot ecch speoker scys. Use ecch letter only once. There i:one extrc letter which you do not need to use.

I ргеfеr сеrtоiп соlоuгs,

I om possionote oboutthe lotest fqshions.

I tгу to stcrnd out frоmeveTyone else.

I know whot styles suit mе

I dress in the scrme woyqs mу friends.

I like to look smcrrt.

Work in pairs. Choose three of thecdjectives and expressions to describethe clothes in еqсh photo.

ccsuc] coiou,lu] "o.r.rri"b;- "".r "

doslgnercloihes eiegcntr-r,,-г...rdгir., лYr:с]пqi\/_л_]по'kir,rr {оrlпrтl,ndirrlcil lгll оl ,tтсп-оuS second-hcxndýmсit spoTts ciothes stylishunfcshior:c;ble vintcge rMell-designed

ггг-ггг-гт-г-г

А

в

с

D

Е

-1/-т-, -sl\r

i

fоr long walks.

Work in pairs to csk cnd cnswer the questions below. Ifуоur раrtпеr doesn't hcve muсh to scy, use the question inbrcckets to help.

Ехаm tip

The ехаmiпеr will ask you two оr thrее questions about youreveryday life, your free time and уоur school. This will includesome questions about what you like. tf.

е Do уоu prefer watching sроrts to picying them? (Why?) l

о Do you enjoy rMctching ТV? (Теll mе ck;cut с рrоgloш]mеуоu hcr.re rolctched гесепtlу.)

* Do уоu enjoy reoding books? (Whстt kind of }эооks do уоullke? l Why don't you enjoy reading }rooks?)

{ "i

i-;rll lг,iл л"гl ;,,t r. -, i,,i;:, gi 1,1 L;,

{q1i16;Li,11,,ц ;1 |1',1 i,.:. i"i1

ii Giulia and }orge used these verbs cndexpTessions. Which ones ore followedЬу а to-infinitive cnd which Ьу the-ing fоrm of the verb? Put them Ьу thecorrect heclding.

cttempt ccn't Ьесr don't mind i

enjoy hope Ье inter*sted in .

Ье keen оп like love рrеfеr ]

worlt rvo,"rld 1rko vrou]i orci+r

to-infinitive

-ing form

either to-infinitiveоr -ing form

@ Exom ccndidctes often mckemistokes with verb forms. choose theсоrrесt form in these sentences cndput any new verbs into the table inExercise З.

I If you оgrее comjng / to соmе, justЬriпg some cold соlо, becouse it'li 1эе

hot.I look forwoTd to seeing / see you otthe сrirроrt.I hope see / to see you on MondoylWou]d you like соmе / to соmе to visitme?I would рrеfет gojng / to go to cl filmгоthеr thcrn wotch Тv,I suggested gaing / to go foT cr rMolkolong the beoch.I connot imogrne to ]ivе lliving tпаsmolI villoge.Yоur рсгепts don't wont you go / to grо

somewheTe dcrngerous.I ргеfет to 1эчу / Ь,uу clothes Ьу myselfond wlth mу own money.

I0 I love suTfing on the net сrпd ploying lрlсrу tennls.

@ S"* раЕе84

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iciulial

I Jorge

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j

i

:

l

l_iK*i---, ,--- --

, Neither like поrdislike

|'m ...........,.,,............ music.

l ........................,.. singing.

|' m ..........................,

football, of course.

l ........................... 9oing tosee them .,.

|'m ..,....................,.., skiing.

History andgeography аrе

|'m ...........................

playing footballmyseIf.

l ....................,....,. pl ayingоthеr sports verymuch.

|'m ...,.....,................. 9oin9to the mountains in

the summеr.

l ..........,............,... 9oi п g

Well, English is ОКbut it's

l ........................... doingscience.

з4

il"l UNIT 7 ,ll:;:";

Ь Listen to two students cnswering some Pсrrt 1

questions cnd write down what they like cnd dislike.

Like Diзlike Neither like поr

i , di1!!kel

]

]

:

.lл*,-- _*._-._-.,..,- _-_

tisten agoin cnd complete the phrases they use.

Lllslll(e

i . Whgl {"_yot !iýdg11g 9* h:ltgi"f "|ЩhуЗg_х_"ч

одjоч i!?]

l }-*

,ffi,ffi

ll These photos shoмr four di{ferent ways of shopping.Which of the wcys would you prefer?

li fQl': l',,1.,.l Listen to Adcm, а student, talking in с specking excm.Which of the photos hcs Аdqm been given? Tick (rZ) the idecsbelow which he mentions.

Advcntcgeslots о{ choice Г-j Iпоrе unusuci stuff fоr sole Поthеr focilities |l соmрOIе ргiсеsconvenient 1-1

уоu cсn trу c}othes о" l]: _лл_л,_.-л]ctest toshions L_ mоrе tun _iDisodvantcgesquite tTcrditr.ro1 i_ too сго,лrdеd ,-lnot much ioT teenoger.l_ bcd quclrty lcon'i tгу thjngs оп r. ' wait fог the post,

*l

il Complete the expressions Adcm used whenhе didn't know what to say.

I ]vlmm, me...,........,......,.......

2 ........................... me.........................., fоr q...,...........,.........,.

3 Not rMould but Т thlnk.,.

Exam tip

When you need to think, say somethinggive yourself time.

in English to .

/Wri

Work in poirs. Write down other things you could say cbout thephotogrcphs Adcm talked about.

Now look ot the оthеr two photogrophs. Ccn уоu use the scmeideqs to tclk cbout these photos? Try to think of some mоrеideos ond write them down.

Work in poirs. Choose two photogrcphs ecch cnd compcrethem. Scy what the cdvcntcges сrе of shopping in these ways.Time yourselves cnd talk for one minute each.Нвrе сrе sоmе wоrсls уоu сGп use to connect уоur ideos cboutthe photos:

I whereýs оп ihe otheT hond the dlfference is thct in both photos ii)

Exam tip

While your раrtпеr is talking, thinkabout уоur оwп орiпiоп of thetopic as the ехаmiпеr will ask youа question at the end. You опlуneed to say а sentence оr two. /

UNIT 7 $Fаfrl':х}-_{;:чr{;

People and feelings

l Recd this excm task and the letteTfrom Annc on the right. Work in pairsto complete the letter with the wordsand phrcses in the Ьох below.

You hcve rесеlчеd ihis letter frоm уоuгEngiish frlend Lсurеп.

... and l'm doing а project at school.We have to find which famous peopletеепаgеrs аdmirе, and why. Can youchoose а famous реrsоп you admireand write апd tell me why you аdmirеthem? lt'll Ье interesting to see who

уоч'vе chosen!Thanks fоr helping mе, Lаurеп

сs о геsult соmёs ocrosý Gsdespite ечФп even thoughfcmous {оr being mсrnсrged tonobody could impTess mеone otheT quclity,пhichthe man who

Highlight the cdjectives Annc used todescribe Nelson Mondelc's personalityin the letter.

Which fсmочs person would уоuwrite cbout? Work in pairs cnd do thefollowing.

1 TelI уоur роrtпег rмhо you hovechosen and why he от she is fomous.

2 Tick (У) clny of the odjectives in theIetteT you con use to descTibe him оrhет.

3 jИсrkе q note of сrпу оthеr odjectivesyou wcrnt to use below.

Write your оwп cnswer to tcuren.

RеmеmЬ,еr to:r begin cnd end уоur lеttег соrгесt}у,о stcrt Ьу scying who you оdmirе and

Trhy.о exploin why the person ls {c:mous". 1-ise sоmе о{ ihe odjectives from

Ехеrсlsе 2 iп уоur description of thepeTSOn"

о uýе some of tho рhrпsеs frоmЕхеrсisе 1 to iink уоur ideas toEether.

l.

Dеаr Lаurеп

You abKed mр to writо and tell 1ou about а famoub рOr5оп l аdmiгg.

Цlеll, thаtЪ еаs1! (ф .,. mоrо than Nеltоп Мапdglа|

tto is (Z) ... ths firвt ЫасК president of iouth Africa.

and fоr baing (7) ... Ьrоughi froedom to his poople.

(4) ...........,. sрэпdiпg 21 1еаrэ in рrisоп, he печ*r got

discouraged. Не (5) ... К99р Bmiling, sta1 optimittic апd

Ье сhэеrful. tle пO,чоr, еч9r 9av0 up, Но наб amazingl1 confident and

((r) ............. of this bslief iп himsolf hэ achiovэd ths most amazing

thingb. (r) . .......,..... he чаs fightlng а чоr1 сruаl slstom. he r,raэ

аlчrаls patiant, polita and thoughtful to thоsэ around him. Нg vrab а

lаulеr at ths ьtаrt of his саrерr, апd (6) ... tha шаrdспь in

the рriвоп admired him.

Тhеrе is (q) ............. l rеаll1 liKэ. lf 1ou looK at the photob

videos of him, lou can sеs he чrаэ аluаls laughing and smilln9.

аrе photob of him dancing апd meating famoub siп9еrа and film

апd

Тhеrе

stаrэ

vrhen hs uаь pгesidont. Не loveB lifa and musiс! Не Qo)

suсh а great gu1! l vribh l соuld moat him.

l hopa 1ou tiKs what l'fа чrittеп.

9eat vriaheb,

дппа

Is there с person in your fcmily you cdmire, or а student in уоurschoolicollege? WoTk in pcirs and do the following.

l ТеII youT рсrtпег who you hqче chosen ond why.2 Write down ony crdjectives уоu can use to describe him/hеr.З Do опе of the ехоm tosks below.

Write cn cnswer to one of these excm tasks. Write i20-I80words in cn appropricte style.

I You hqче Teceived this iеttеr frоm уоuг AustToiion friend, AndTew.

l'm doing а рrоjесt at school. We have to find очt whlch регsоп in i

thеiг family tеепа8егs аdmiге, and whу. Сап you choose опе регsоп :l'

iп уочг farnily you аdrпlrе and wгitе апd tell rпе why?

Thanks tог helping mе.

Апdгеw

Write your letteг.

2 \Ъu hоче гeceived this lеttеr fTom уоur friend, Julio.

цldrо doing а ргоjосt iп our Engliah сlааg. Wе havo to find out v|hich

studепt in thеiг ochool оr collego оthоr studenlo admiro, and uh1. 4ап

1ou сhооэе one atudont 1ou admire and vrrito and toll mо r,rh1?

ThanKa.Tulia

Write your lеttеr.@ S** раЕе9а

WRITING UNIT , ЕГ

liil

Recd the following text. Tick (rU) the cdjectives which describe the writer's feelings.You ccn tick mоrе than one adjective.

amused [l cnnoyed Гl оrgrуГ.l oshcmed Г'l concerned[lcuTtcl.,s f--i furlous [j gui}ty Гl irrltcted f_] ,_,pset [-l

i As Olivia саmе into the rооm, she glancedi around in tbat irritating way she sJmetimesi has, trying to decide if it was ltlorth coming: into the сrоrчсiеd rоOгл. Then she noticedi the btrthday са}<е orr the table and obviouslyi decided it was. Х was standing with mу friends: l

"l ,i and I iooked up and }rаlf srTliled at her, waiting

i for her to sау'Hi'. Although I had to mоче out:' l*!'!r't!"Ф1*gý'qirn.r!i!!**rrr!l]tФr*9aф.r....1.1]]f..t,*er]]i]rr*!!*a]}Ф'*ф]lt*}&rr*rrer'r9.j&&|*r9!rr*r.1tir*.9l

Now cnswer this ехоm question cbout the text.

How did the writег feel?А lrritоtеd thot Olivio hcTd оrriчеd ot the pcTty so lcrteВ qпgrу thot hе found it less ecsy to moke fTiends thon OllvioС сrппоуеd thot Olivio delibeTotely took no notice of himD upset thct hе didn't hсrче the confidence to speok to Olivio

Read the extrcct below quickly to get cn idec of what it is cbout. Дsk yourselfquestions while you reod: Who? Why? Where? How cre people in the text feeling?Work in poirs to discuss уоur cnswers.

You qrе going to reqd cn extroct from с novel cbout а girl who hcs just moved tolive in с пеw ploce. Fоr questions 1-8, choose the onswer (А, в, С or D)which youthink fits best qccording to the text.

: The very first time I saw Andy Вуrоп, I wasi wandering about in the аutumпаl woods bel.ow mупеw hоmе and thinking about mу [опе[у fate, sowhеп I realised that I wаsп't actr.rally аlопе, I feLtcheated. What was this Ьоу doing, cluttering uр thepicturesque sсепе? There he stood оп the woodenbridge at the foot ol the h,itl, Leaning оп the railand completely b[ocking mу way acrosý.

0f course, I didn't have to cross the riчеr. i cou[dqo back to the пеw house in t,ime for Мum's returnfrom the shops, but I wasn't going to let some Ьоу

, prevent гпе from exploring mу new surrоuпdiпgs., ýо I hurried down the hitl and опtо the bridge. НеЬаrеl.у looked at nre, апd moved overjust епоugh formе t0 get past. I stanped оп, пу tatty old trainersstapping against the boards, апd then swuпg right,as though I kпеw whеrе ] was going.

of her way to let hеr pass, she turned hеr headand walked right on with her usual confidence,as if she'd nevef ýееп mе before, and foundа space for herself on the sofa. I carried ontalking to mу friends and stopped myself goingочеr and telling her what I thought of hеr, Thatwouldn't have been а good iclea while i was somad at herl

Exam tip l

Read the whole of each option carefully land check what the text says. Some of the Iwords in an option may Ье in the text (".g.

lirritаtе, confidence) but it doesn't mеап lthat option is the right апswеr. { )

UNIT 7 жEAI}IK*

In fact, there was а path alongside the river, рrоЬаЬ[у fшLN"

of joggers and cycLists at weekends, Ьut completely еrпрtуоп а suппу weekday morning like this опе. Nobody for nrilesаrоuпd except for mе and the Ьоу оп the bridge. Апс* апуwау,what was he doing here? I had the day off schoo|" iп пrdеr tchelp Мum with the mоче, but what was his excuse? Despitemyse[fl I slowed down as the path mеапdеrеd through а ýr0{;рof what ечеп I recognised as birch trees, and glancBd back,Апd precisely as I did so, he looked uр апd our еуеý n:et. I wasso furious with myself that I turned slзаrрlу awa5l, but ечепbefore i'd turned. he had dropped his gaze back to the water.

Вut the incident brought back the bad tепrреr againstwhich I'd Ьееп struggLing a[[ day. I'd just Ьееп telting rпуsеlfthat I didn't rea[ly mind пoving out hеrе frоm Еdiпlзurgh, andthat the аutumп leaves wеrе actualty quite pretty, апd thevery first реrsoп I meet is th,is hateful bovl I sat dоwп on аbig stone апd stared gloomily into the river. It лчаs jшst fatethat I'd been dragged away from а[| mу friends and broughthеrе to the end of the bus rоutе. I соu[dп't ечеп blame Мuпr

and Dad so I lеапеd mу head оп mу hands iп order to feel sоrrуfor myself more effectively, Ьut I caught sight of mу watch as

ЧТ I did so and jumped to mу feet. Middayl Murr wouid Ье backпоw with her ioad of scrubbing brushes and сtеапiпg products

Why did the girl feel cheoted?А She hcdn't recrlised how lonely she would feel.В She didn't wont to see onyone else.с she found the оrео 1ess qttrcxctlve thcn she hcd

expected.D She now felt obliged to go down to the bTidge.

As the girl crossed the Ьridgе, she wqnted to givethe impтession thct sheА hcd only just notj.ced the Ьоу thеrе.в hcd mcde о sudden decision.С wcrsn't о чеIу fгiепdlу реrsоп.D wouldn't let onything get in hеr woy.

Тhе giгl wоs cngry with herself iп the thirdроrаgrсрh Ьесqusе sheА wcrs unoble to go os fqst os she wqnted.В should hove kept looking checd.С wqs going ln the Trrong direction,D couldn't hold the boy's gaze.

How does the girl feel in the fourth рсттоgrорhofteT the incident with the Ьоу?А discppointed thct she hod to go bock to help

hеr mоthеrВ upset with hег poTents {от moklng hеr moveС annoyed thot it hcd chonged hеr moodD irritсtеd with herself {от wasting so much tlme

апd I hadn't finished washing оut the k,itchgn luрЬоаrсs"When I got hоmе, wе both worked hard fоr ап nuur,0п[у

then did Мum a[[ow us to stop fоr а coffge. То keep out cf hсrwау, I took boxes of stuff uBsta,irs апd рчt them iп а lоrп*i.0пе was fu|.L of Mum's dancing tro;:hies, r,vhjch she ч\ioп't ptttоп display, по mаttеr hоw mшсh wе r]aý her аг,d keep cn alher to do so, but the оthеr seenlecj to contain ri*th,ing lзutrubbish. Why were we саrrуiпg aN"l thjs stuff froiT *пе piaceto another?

I sat dоwп оп the flооr апd lзес]ап t* sort throLlgh the jшпk,

Pelhaps I could get Мum to get iid пf s*rпе of jt? Апd then,a5I duq into the Ьох, rr:у fingers met sвп:ething luxurior.:slysýft. Puzzled, I pulled it out апd f*шпd rilys*|"f holcing а blr-le

чёtчеt drawstring bag with а *quarish *lзject ,inside. I turпеdit'over in rпу hands. digging mу fingernaiLs into the dense"almost furry material. Тhеrе was а Line of *mbr*idery аrоuпdthe top, а rоw of l.ittle suns and mtlons апd stars, dec*ratedФith sh,iny sequins. i told myself sепзiЬý that it r,ryoul"dn't

ho[d апуthiпg exciting, just hrоkеп jew*LL*ry оr dry mаkе-uр.Вцt I was rejecting these thoughts ечеп as I lineci them up"I just knew that this саrеfu!"l"у decoratetJ bag must сопtаiпýomething specia[.

5 Whot does 'сrs I dld so' геfег to in 1ine З9?А leoned mу head on mу hondsВ feel sorry fоr myselfС caught sight of my wotchD jumped to my feet

6 Whot does'nag heT'mecn in line 46?А congгTotulcte hеrВ complain cbout hеrс clim to iпfоrm hеrD trу to persuode her

7 How does the girl rеосt when she finds the bog?А She rеоllsеs it is different fTom the otheT things

she hos come ocross.She is ceTtqin hег expectotlons of its contentswiII Ье disoppointed.She is immediotely qwqrе she should Ьесоrеfu]. when she opens it.

She thinks it рrоЬаЬlу isn't crs old os it 1ooks cndfeeIs.

8 Which of the fo1lowing descTibes the giTl?А She enjoys spending time on hет own.В She tгiеs to Ье positlve when she hcs о

рrоЬlеm.She understonds why people like collectingthings.She objects to реорlе telling hеr whсrt to do.

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1

Grаmmаr - Reported speech

tLater in the evening the Eirl cnd hеr mother sct опthe soic: toEether сftеr cleoning ihe new hоusе,

Recd the converscrtion between the girl frоm the text оп рсgё58 cnd her motheT. Complete the reported speech in the textbelow.

How аrе you? Youseem very quiet.

I'm feeling а bit sad because I've lived inEdinburgh all my life and поw I'Ii haveto make new friends. Whi]e you wеIе

shopping, I went for а walk and I saw а Ьоуon the bridge. I wonder who he is.

Сhееr up. Do you want to соmеshopping with mе tomorrow to buy

things we need for the house?

Тhе girl's mum cTsked hеr how she {1) ... and sclidshе (2) ... very qulet. The girl sclid to hег thct she(ý)...........,.... ...........0 bit sod beccuse she (4).,.................................. inEdinburgh с]l hеr }ife crnd now she (5)..............................,..... mcke пеvr{riends, Shе sold thot while hеr mum (6)........,.............,............. shopping,she {7) ... for о wс:lk CInd she (8) ... с: Ьоу onthe bridge" She wondered who hе (9)....,. . Неr mumtoid hеr to {i0) ... crnd csked if she (t1)

to go shcpping with hеr the next dcy to buy thlngs they{}2) ................................... fог tlэe hоusе.

Underline the verbs in the speechbubbles and those you hcve written.Complete this table.

Look ct these two questions fromExercise l. Write the rероrtеdsentences. when do we use jf in therероrtеd sentence?

How аrе you?

The girl's mum qsked

Do you want to comeshopping?

Тhе girl's mum csked

Now report these questions.

I Why оrе you so }сrte?

Тhе tеосhеr osked the Ьоу

Whot сrте you wotchlng?The girl's fоthег csked hег...............,............_

Did you sсоге о goal?The wоmоп csked the Ьоу

Is thеге ony food left?The glrl osked hеr mоthег

When will you Ье hоmе?The boy's mother osked him.....,................-

Hove you seen my bag?Тhе Ьоу csked his sister

present simplepresent continuouspresent perfectsimple

willpast continuous

Е 'NIT 7 usE оF ENGLI'H

Which of these verbs fit into the gcpin the sentence below? which onesdon't fit? Whу?

odvised ogTeed oskedencouroged exploined mentionedpersuoded Teminded soid toldwсгпеd

The giTl's mum........................... heT to clecnthe kitchen.

Nоlлr choose the соrrесt verb in thesesentences.

I Тhе tеасhеr геmjпdеd / expJcined theсhildгеп to Ьriпg the money fоr thetгiр.

2 We oll оgrееd i odvised to meet in the

рагk thot qftеrпооп.

3 Тhе цrеqthет fогессхst to]d / wоrпеdthct it might snow.

4 you didnt mention l теmiпd thot Fiопстrаs coming too.

@ Ехсm ccndidqtes often mckemistckes with rероrtеd speech.choose the correct verb in thesesentences.

l Тhеу to.Id / sojd thct the чrееkепdTrould cost 0100 but thot's not tгuеbecouse the Tмeekend cost only f,60

including lunch.2 Anna to,Id / scjd hег friend that there

Trсrs nothing to Ье cfToid of.

3 In уоuг iеttеr you toJd / osked mе iftheTe wqs onything to see qrоuпdLoke Fтёпе.

4 Angelo told i soid hеr cousin not to

wqit fог hег,

5 So, the next doy Pot went сrnd to]d /

toJd to his sister Могу thot hеr fгiendswеге oIgonising о suTpгise раrý foT

hег birthdoy.6 I osked / soid my lriепd to woit fог mе.

7 Finolly, I gove them the оddгеss qnd

to]d them / to.Id whо I iмos.

8 Whеп I osked / osked to mу рогепtsfoT peTmission, the onsweт цrсs сlесr.

Fоr questions I-8, complete the second sentence so thct it hcsс similcr meaning to the first sentence, using the word given,

Do not change the Trord given. yоч must use between two cndfive words, including the тлоrd given.

ExampleI stopped lесгпiпg to plcy the drums becouse the neighbouTs

complcined.GAvEThe neighbouгs comploined cbout the dTums """-яо'l"gпvа"щ"""""

Ieorning to plcy them.

I When I dTopped mу рuБе, о kind lмomctn picked it up сrnd гоп

оftеr mе.BYWhen I dropped mу рuБе, ......,...., ct kind womon rMho

rсп сftеr mе.

2 'Don't leove yotr wet toTrel on the fIоог, Реtrо,' soid hег mum,

ToLDPetTq's mum................ Iecve hеr wet towel on the flooT,

3 The teccheT csked if onyone knew the oge of the building,HoWТhе teccheT scid: '................ old the building is?'

4 Тhе film went on so long thot they missed the bus hоmе,

SUcHIt wcs ............ thot they missed the bus hоmе,

5 Му uncle sqid he didnt know TMhy the соmрutеr vrcsnt wогkiпg.

WHATМу uncle scid, 'I ..........,. wrопg Trith the соmрutег"

6 I didnt let mу Ьгоthег Ьотrочr my new footbcll yesterdcybecquse he lost the lost one.LENTI........,............................,....... mу Ьгоthеr mу new footbcll if he hcdnt lost the

lost one.

7 The сhildгеп cont wait to see thеiг cousins аgiаiп,

tooKINGThe childTen ole................ their cousins ogoin,

8 Jock sclid he would like to toke up the guitoT.

INTERESTEDJock soid he........................ up the guitaT.

Exam tip

Nечеr lеаче ая answer blank as each qч€ýtiопtwo marks iп Use of English Part 4.

is worth.,,i

ý}

@ S"" page84

|,! жý JЁ

Photo.........

ecology biologyPhoto--,,Pb"to......._chemistry physics l mathematics

Кеерiп чр to dateý ýcrence

сопэеrчO"йлп iLhе hиmап l аААэ ]аLоmэ 'lьLgеЬrь

iьоаu l i i;iiiIi1]; * _,; _ . i

Put these topics from с science course in thecorrect column. Are you studying ony of thesetopics ct the moment? Which ones?

-g€iCb, _g*sffiýcells -ееrтsеrтстtiсrг dlseсrses есоsуstеmselectricity епdспgегеdsресiеs fгстсti.опsglýses gеоmеtrу genetics heci 1lqhtplcstics mlrrоrs percentcges plontspollution rec.;cllng robots sound

ii Which science subject(s)do you like best? Why isit important to study science? Why do you thinksome people don't like studying science?

You qrе going to read cn crticle crbout someyoung scientists who entered а competition. Fоrquestions I-I5, choose frоm the people (A-D). Тhеpeople mcry Ье chosen mоrе thcn once.

Exam tip

Don't choose уоur апswеr just because а textmentions something similar to the question, e.g.mоrе than опе реrsоп talks about'the survivalof the planet' hеrе (О5) but only one mentions ё rresponsibility.

Which реrsопsuggests taking а Ьгеаk and comingьасktъ ап idea?

гесоmmепds asking people to helpсоmе uр with ideas fог а ргоjесt?advises against changing ап idea опсеwогk has stагtеd оп it?

says ргеsепtiпg iпfогmаtiоп in а vагiеtуof ways makes it accessible to mоге people?

feels а геsропsiЬilitу fог the suгvivаlof the рlапеt?advises that а ргоjесt should Ьеachievable in tегms of its aims?says огigiпаl ideas аге |ikely to Ьеmоге successful in the competition?

says the аmоuпt of еffогt геquiгеd to getгеаdу fог the competition was challenging?

mепtiопs the imрогtапсе of а fiпаltechnical check?

says being able to communicate ideasis mоге valuable thап а vast аmоuпtof knowledge?

mепtiопs that геsеагсh of the topicshould Ье as extensive as possible?

says taking рагt iп the competitionhas iпсгеаsеd thеiг confidence?

suggests getting honest геасtiопsabout уоuг wогk Ьеfоге the competition?

геаlisеs that it is impossible to аЬsогЬa|l the iпfогmаtiоп they would like to?suggests а way of геsеагсhiпgргеsепtаtiоп techniques?

-?

--ф;J q\ -ffiэ

The students in the photos cre studying differentscientific subjects. Motch ессh photo with oneо{ the scientific crecs in the chcrt. whcrt cre thestudents doing in the photos?

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UNIT 8

Уочпg Scientist Arvardtоur /inclists from the Young Scientlst Ataard соmреtitiоп talk about mаkiпg а, uideo апd giuing presentations to the judges

А Maria iпuestigated the effects ofепеrgу driпks апd produced опе

herself.

Judges look fог kids who аrе really

excited about science. You might get

inspired Ьу topics which other kids

have сочеrеd in the past and go оп

frоm that. But the judges аrе геаllу

looking fоr sоmеопе who has imagination. lf you сап make thejudges think, 'Wow, I didn't think of that!', уоu'rе off to а good

start. lf уоu'ге having ап idea-block, wait а day оr two and

look at it with fresh eyes. You'll find inspiration somewhere.

Make surе that you have епоugh time to complete уоuг video!

Waiting until the last miпutе, whеп you аrе all rushed апd

stressed, isn't а good idea. lf you have а рlап laid оut Ьеfоrе

уоu start anything, it helps keep you оп track. Don't submit

уоur video untiI you've got sоmе feedback. Ask those friends

whose орiпiопs уоu сап trust what they rеаllу think.

в Erik iпчепtеd а sцьstапсе tllhich сап

Ье раiпtеd оп football boots to stop

them qttrасtiпg mud.

l mixed with students frоm all

очеr the соuпtrу during the

competition and we had some fun.

тhеrе is а lot of media iпtегеst and

talking to а героrtеr rеаllу brings you out of

уоur shell. l'm less self-conscious now in adult соmрапу.

The рrерагаtiоп Ьеfоrе the day puts уоur commitment and

determination to the test but it's mоrе than worthwhile!l lthinkthe best ideas соmе fгоm everyday life * because that's whеге

they аге going to Ье put to use аftеr all! Start Ьгаiпstоrmiпg

with уоur family апd friends and wгitе down ечеrу possibility

which comes into уоur head. But make surе уоur project is

гealistic - it's pointless thinking уоu сап stop global wаrmiпg,

for instance, as you don't have that much time ог rеsоurсеs.

Exam tip

The reading рареr is one hour. Тrу to do each of Parts 1, 2 апd 3 in 'I5 minutes,allowing five minutes for checking each опе. Never spend mоrе than 20 minutes опопе part of the рареr.

С Dqaid has found а wау of calcu[atiпghош lопg b|cycle tyres шill lost.

l just want to know how everything

in the universe works апd suгчiчеs,

even though all that iпfоrmаtiоп

would рrоЬаЬlу make mу

Ьrаiп exp|ode. l knew loads ofsmart kids would епtеr so l didn't think

l had а сhапсе at first, l took the opportunity because I thoughtit would Ье fun. Fоr уоuг video, pick а concept that you сап

explain so that it's visual and iпtегеstiпg. People have different

lеаrпiпg styles so use different approaches to explain the same

concept, Ве enthusiastic about уоur topic and уоur vieweЁs willЬе enthusiastic, too. Тhеrе wеrе definitely some finalists who

had memorised а lot mоге science facts than mе, but l was abIe

to take a.scientific concept апd explain it iп а simple way - iп

frопt of judges, television саmеrаs and ап аudiепсе. Cood luckI

D Лпitс produced lights ulhich соmе оп

апd go off automattcally апd сап Ье

attachedto а bicycle оr scooter.

lп the futuге |'d like to Ьесоmе ап

епgiпееr and design sustainable

technology. It is important fоr us to

uпdегstапd that we аrе the gепегаtiоп

that must look аftег оur precious rеsоurсеs оп Еаrth. Епtеriпg

this competition was а great ехреriепсе fоr mе. lt's easy to feel

uпsuге about уоur idea, get discouгaged апd think you should

соmе up with something better, but stick with it. lt's best if

you know уоur topic Ьасkwагds and fоrwаrds before you even

begln to make the video. А Ьrilliапt video, which gets aIl the

ideas across, isn't as easy as it looks so it's good to look at

past entries frоm finalists апd lеаrп what factors contгibuted

to make it опе of the best. Опе of the hardest parts is fitting

уоuг iпfогmаtiоп iп two minutes. lt seems like plenty of time,

but it goes Ьу so quicklyl Тhеге's nothing worse than getting

everything ready, and thеп finding out that а basic соmропепtof the video is wгопg. So ечеп if you think it's fiпе, play it

through опе last time.

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R. --JЁ,_-*\\.'Jb*

,1,

Grammar * Relative clauses

l Complete these sentences frоm the texts on pageбЗ with the coTrect relctive рrопочп (who, which,whеп, тлzhоsе). Go back to the text if you need to.

Defining clcrusesI But the judges оrе rеоIlу looking fоr someone

hos imagincrtion.2 Wгitе doмrn eveTy posslbility comes into

уоur heod.З You might get lnspired Ьу topics..................,........ оthеr

kids hove сочеrеd in the post.4 Ask those fTiends.......................,... opinions you con trust

whclt they геоllу think.

Non-defining clcuses5 А bTilliont video, gets o11the ideos

осrоss, isn't crs eqsy cs it looks ...

6 Waiting until the lqst minute, you оге о11

rushed ond stressed, isn't а good ideo.

2 Now cnswer these questions.

I In whiсh sentence could you omit the rеlоtiчеpronoun? Whу?

2 In which sentences could you put that instecd ofиrhо оr which?

3 Whcrt ls the difference in punctuotion betrMeendefinlng crnd non-definlng clquses?

3 Recd the first two pcragrcphs of с ccndidcte'sesscy. Complete the text with relctive pronouns,indicating whеrе thot or no рrопочп аrе possibleolternctives.

Read these two possible conclusions to the essay.Аrе they both suitcble? Why? / Why not?

А Тhегеfогg, l would liKe to concludc Щ Baling that fог the

гOаьOпs l have givon abovo, all studentэ bhould tiud1 bcionce

until tho1 аго l8. lt will Ьо an advaniage fог счсr1 соuпiг1 to

havp fiudgпts vrho агg urell tгаiпоd in ьсiопсо.

В ln m1 соuпtг1, Btudants $ud1 bcionce until the1 аго tb, and

then chooop чrhаtочог вuЬlесts the1 liKa until the1 аrо tB.

l thinК this ib а good bl$em, l vlould liKg to conclude Ь1

Baling that t do not а9г00 that all studепtэ should $ud1

bcipnce until the age of tB.

5 It is important to plon on esscy before you stcrtwriting. With your partner, complete the plan forthe essoy below.

Роrоgrсрh 1: Ж},.:r,,';:#йlо

sёиd"g эсLепсе

g*od t,о s|иd"g ёttl 18 t{ ...

Рогсgrсrрh 2;

6 These phrcses can begin or end an essoy. Mcrkthem В or Е.

I would like to conclude Ьу saying thot...То stсrгt my discussion of thls question, I would sсг;thot...The first thing I would like to sсrу is ...То conclude, ] would scy thot ...I чril1 close Ьу soying thct I understond both poinbof view...

6 Му fiTst rессtiоп to this question is thot ...

I

2

з4

5

Д\l $udontb bhou\d $udI эсigпсо until thgI

аго at lgаst tB. Do 1оu аgгор?

t согtаiпl1 а9гое that a\l biudentB bhould

stud1 sсiепсе at achool. lt'b а Bubjact

(l) . i5 incгgdiblI imрогtапt in

оuг 'lrог\d toda1, Ноr,,rачег, l thinK tho issuр

о{ ho,nr long dudoniB bhould otud! it ia

mоrо difficult. lf 1ou аге tho Kind of $udent

(2) .. main iпtоrоst ib to Ьsсоmе

а doctor ог а phlaici*, thon согtаiпl1 1оu

uri\\ r,-rant to b,tud1 ьсiопсо uniil 1ou аге

tB. You will ргоЬаЬl1 оцо1 it too, bocauap

ьLiопср, ib tho bubjoct (7) ....................... 1оu

ага iпtогs$оd ln, and ргоЬаЬ\1 tho опо

К) .,. 1ou аг0 good at.

9ut lcab аЬlр atudontb, б)find it difficult io раьь 9хаmб in рhlаiсs,

biolog1 and сhomiбtгI, wi\l not Ье

anthubiaatic, Тhаsа bubjectэ, (Ь) ......,,..,.............,..

can Ьg hагd at highег leve\b, Bometimeb

ргочо too challenging fог thpm. Tho

atudpntb thon got чог1 fruаtгаtаd wiih

ьсiопсо, (1) ., mOапь tho1 шi\l

bohavo badl1 in clabb ав а гоьult. That r^rill

mаКо thingo чег1 ditficu\t fог tho tоасhеrа

(S) .. аго гевропаiЬ\g fоr them.

@ S**page85

Е 'NIT8 *RITING

7 Choose the correct verbs in this esscy. Use сdictionary if you need to.

3оmе people say it is too |ate to do апуthiпg aboцtthe

ргоЬlеm of global wагmiпg. What do уоu think?3сiепtiэts Q) discoverBd / idenlified эоmе усагs ago thatоuг planet was gett,ing wагmег. They (2) reveal / аrgаа thathumапв haye саusеd this ргоЬlеm, because we аге цsiпgцр all оцг геýоцгсеs like wаtег, and polluting the Еагth

with оuг сагэ and fасtоriеs. The| (3) сlа|m / сопсlцdв t\atthe аtmоsрhеге iэ поw mцсh thiппеп and thatthe эцпis поw mаkiпg оиг рlапеtwагmег each уеаг,Тhеу have

(ч) bel|evad / иаrпеd us fhаtthеге will Ье mqiог ргоЬlеmsаs а геsцlt of this global wагmiпg. lп fact most sсiепtistswould (s) sау / reporltllatthe ргоЬlеrпý аге аlгеаdу with цs

апd sоmе people (о) think / ехрrеss that it is too late fогцs to do anything аЬоut it We haye floods, fiгеь, dгоught

and huпgег iп роог соцпtгiеs, tеггiЬlе pollutton iп гiсhсоuпtгiеs; fhеге ls nothing we сап do.

| ff) disagree / аgrее чегу stгопglу wifh this idea.

We саппоt let оuг wогld Ье dеstгоуеd, we mцst sауе

itfог оцгsеlчеs ёпd оuг сhildгеп. ln еvегу соuпtгу

gочегпmепts аге wогkiпg to deal with роllufiоп and to(8) encourage / suggest' ua all to liче iп а muсh gгеепег way.

Like mапу уоuпg people, t аm optimiэtic. [ аm sцге thatwewill find а way to deal with global wагmiпg апd to saye оцг

рlапеt We haye to. ý

':

You сап improve the mark for уоur essay Ьу using аrапgе of vocabu|ary to express уоur ideas.

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

I How mqпу раrаgгrорhs оrе thеrе? Whct doesecch роrоgrорh focus on?

2 Whclt tMos the student's plon foT this essoy?3 Do you thlnk it is оп effective qnsweT to the

question?4 Аrе you optimistic ог pessimistic obout the

ргоЬiеms ccused Ьу glоЬоl wогmiпg? Why?

It's use{ul to use topic-specific voccbulary in уочresscy. Make а list of any vocabulary or phrasescbout global worming iп the essqy on the left thatyou could use in one ol уочr own.

Look cgcin ct the essoy cbout science (S) опpage 64 cnd the опе cbout the environment (Е)

on the left. Do they:

1 stcrrt with fcctuol informotion?2 stort Ьу сgrееiпg with the stotement?3 s*6 both sldes of the cTgument?4 finish with с peTsonal view?

Write cn cnswer to one of the esscy questionsbelow. Write уочr cnswer in I20-I80 words in anappropricte style.l You hоче hod q discussion in уоur English closs

cbout the imроrtапсе of studying сеrtоiп subjectsat school. Now уоur tессhеr hos osked you to writeсtn essсty onswering thi.s question:

AJj students shouJd studymcTthemotjcs untjJthey ате ot Jeost JB, Do уоu с:gree?

Write уочr еssqу.

You hove hod о dlscussion in уоur English classcbout the роrt computers will рlоу in the future.Now youT tеосhег hcs crsked you to wrlte on esscycnsweTing this question:

Do уач thiпk iп {uturе it wi]l be possibJe 1orrobots tobecome doctors cTnd iecTchers?

Write youI esscy.

RеmеmЬеr уоur crgument must Ье iogiccl, soр}сп уоur ёssсу соrеfullу.

. }rZlcke suге you cnswel the question, and cometo сr сlесr conclusion.

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@ S*" page91

Teghnology

VосаЬчlаrу - Computers

l Look crt this spider diagrcm showing useful computer words.Complete the dicgrcm with these words, then cdd some morethat you use.

lэrо.лrsеr eraa1l 1og out sprecdsheet updcte welэccm

Recd these short texts сЬочt computers. Complete them withwords from the diagrcrm, in the correct form where necesscry.

The Neptune is а powerful new laptop. Withyour purchase, we are offering an external hard(1) .. ........,........, at а reduced price so you canautomatically (2) ..,..,..... up уоur files andstore large amounts of (З) ...,............. ,

iilYou will Ье logged out of this website if there is по activity for mоrе

than ten minutes. Епtеr уочr (4) .. and email address to

(5) ,. in again. Don't forget to (6) ,..............,..,........ this site so you сап

find it again easily.

Vocabulary - Word building (3)

3 Find words in Exercises I cnd 2 whichqrе formed from the words below plusq suffix.

сррlу attach crutomcticeOSy ро\л/еr

Now complete the tCIble below withwords formed Ьу cdding one or two ofthese pref ixes/suff ixes.

-d dis- -(i)cl еп -(ii)tty -(it)lon-(it)ive -(lt)or -}у uп

4 Which oI these suffixes are alwcyscdded to mcke nouns qnd which tomoke adjectives?

-d -с1 -lty -tlon -iче -оr

То make поuпs, odd:То moke odlectives, odd

Exam tip

lп Use of English Part З there is alwaysопе word which has to Ье changedЬу adding а prefix (and sometimes аsuffix too!). *

/ 7- ьеzrсh - &ooolo - hit' | 59.uгеJl/--

о}оо.rrn / wеЬыtа'-Ьоокmагк

@J- login/Ы" \ \щчsLа

VеrЬ Nочп Adjective Adverbd,Lэо,ЬLо ABLE a}Lg

CoMMERcE

сомрЕтЕdisolav

Software updates аrе ready to Ье (7) . Close any

ореп (8) and then rеstаrt уочr соmрчtеr.

Е uNIT 8 usE ог ENGLIsH

5 Recd this text to get а gепеrаlunderstqnding of what it is about.Some words сrе missing. Fоr eachgcp decide if you need с почп,cdjective or cdverb.

Laptop соmрчtеrSPortable соmрчtеrs first became

(1) ... available in 1981 but theu wеrе

about the size of а sewing machine. Although

theg marked the beginning of [2)

advances iп the computer industrg, theg

lacked the [ЗJ..............,..........,.tо wоrk on а

batterg so theg печеr rеа|lg gained in

t4] . .... Fortunatelg, work continued

to reduce their [5) and size but it

took another ten Uеаrs of [6) ........................... iп the

computer industrg. The оldеr models wеrе

ti] ...too heavU and bigto Ье оп

gour lap but the паmе laptop became widelg

used. Theg аrе also known as notebooks. Тhе

laptop oftodag is [8J next to those

еаrliеr models but is now in [9J ...........................

with smartphones and tablets which have

become verg [10J ........................... and do almost

anUthing gou might want!

6 Now use one or two of the prefixes/suffixes to chcnge the words belowso thct they fit the gcps in the text inExeTcise 5. (You do not need to use сrllthe prefixes/suf f ixes.)

-cIble -d dls- -fuI -ol -1у -lty-lon -ive -ог -ment -t un-

1 соmmетсе2 technology3 oble4 рорulоr5 weigh6 develop7 octuol8 rесоgгпisе9 compete

10 роwеr

с,оmmеrалLLu

Look bcck ct the words in the gaps.Which one of themcontqins с prefix? Con you moke cny of the others negativeЬу adding the prefix un- оr in-?

Now mсlke these words negctive. Use one of the prefixes dis-,im-, iL-, iп-, ir-, mis- оr чп-.

cpprovcl ехрегiепсеd foTtunote honesty legcll potientpolite relioble responsible sotisfied understcrnding

Fоr questions I-10, read the text below. Use the word giveniп ccpitcls ct the end of some of the lines to form q word thctfits in the gcp in the scme line. Тhеrе is cn excmple ct thebeginning (0).

Exam tip 'i

Read the text through before !

you Ьеgiп, and rеаd it againwhen you have finished, to

}

Ье sure it makes sense with ithe new words you have ý :

written. *} u

А SAILING BlKEА tеепаgеr called Ned Aufenast has come up withап (0) .........i.rп.рr.ээ*.Lха......... way of getting about. lt isа bicycle with а sail and it's quite а (|)sight as Ned ridеs it through the traffic пеаr hishome. (2) .,..,, he wasn't sчrе if he shouldridе it оп the гоаd but, опсе he had given itindependent Ыakes, lights and rеflесtоrs, he wasgiven (3) to ride it апуwhеrе exceptоп the motorways, where he would Ье doing so(4) .

Ned says his (5) came опе day when hewas riding his bicycle. lt was а геаl strugg|e becauseof the (6) of the wind. He's always been(7) ..... about sailing and thought it might Ьеfчп to use wind power оп the rоаd. Не sa;rs: 'You justpedal and the wind helps you to go faster.' A|thoughnot essential, his (8) of sailing was чеrу(9) .... when he was designing the bike. АDutch соmрапу had аlrеаdу started (l0) .

of something similаг called the 'whike'. Ned is helpingthem make versions based оп his own design.

lMPRESSDRAMA

lNlTlAL

PERMlT

LEGALlNSPlRE

STRoNGPASSloN

KNoWHELPPRoDUcE

о

#

l Work in pairs. Choose one of the pictures each cnd thinkcbout уоur cnswer to these questions.

Is this invention impoTtcnt to you? .Is it mоrе оr 1ess impcrTtcrnt to оthег people in уоur fcTmily?Do уоu use it every dсry оr less often?Tell your partner how important уочr chosen object is.ВеmеmЬеr to give recsons.

@ Listen to two students discussing the seven objectsin the photos. They cre answering this question.

; о How importont сrr"lhэчД:g$ч@I Do they toke turns to tolk?2 Do they osk eoch other's opinions?3 Do they olwcTys agTee?4 Do they tolk about еасh pictuTe?

@ tisten agoin сrnd write down what they say:I to stогt the conversction.2 when they move to the next pictuTe.З to osk eoch оthег's opinions.4 чrhеп they ogTee Mrith eoch other.

Exam tip

Don't spend too long оп опе photo. you only have threeminutes for the whole conversation. Lеаrп phrases you canuse to move the conversation forwards. see units 4 and 6.

How mony wоrds/рhrаsеs ccn you think of thct mесп thescme as imporfant? Write them down.

@ It is better not to use the scme word too manytimes. tisten cgain cnd cdd the words/phrcses they use (forimportcnf) to уочr list. Did you clreody hcve some of them onyour list?

I

ffi Now listen to them discussingthe second port of the question.

they don't стgгое?

@ Listen agcin cnd write downwhct they say.

How do they move on to the secondquestion? Whot does Когоliпс scry?Whot does Mlguei soy when he osksKcrrolincr's opinion?

3 WhCIt does Miguel soy obout theto show hе hasn't chonged his mind?

Work in pairs. Tclk cbout the picturestogether cnd cnswer both the

О How lmрогtспt сrе these inventionsin оur dсrily lives?

о Which trлrо do you thiпk.лrill }эecomemоrе importcnt 1п the future?

Time your discussion.If it is too short,think of other things you ccn soy.

Discuss these questions with а pcrtneво How imроrtопt is technology ct

school? V/hich sulэjесts is it essentio;{оr?

О Whot do you use с: computer for?о Dсэ yot; enjoy rvctching ТV? Ц/hct

progrсmmes do you like?о Do you thlnk techno}ogy stops peopie

frоm tclking to eoch оthеr?о Do уоu think реорlе ore too

dependent on mоЬllе рhопеs?о Sоm.е реорlе scxy уоuпg children

shouldn't watch ТV. Do уоu оgrее?

4

Exam tip

When уоu answer а question, think aboutwhy, when оr how. Always extend уоur ,апswеr. '-)

о Which two do you think wiltr lэесоmеless lmроrtсrпt in the future?

\Mhct do thеу decide? Does it mсttеr if

rc 'NIT 8 *'EAKING

Exam tip 1

Whеп you first see the question and possib|e answers, try to identify what the situationand what you аrе being asked to do. lt will hеlр you to choose the соrrесt апswеr.

I Work in pcirs. Quickly recd the eight questions belorM cnd mctch the situctionswith А-Н.

isi*j

А exploining сrn intention.....В expressing feellngs obout somethlng ..,,.

С identifying о рrоЬlеm .....

D identifying tгсчеl detclils .....

dеsсгiЬlпg the wеоthег fог on event .....

giving cn opinion obout something .....

suggesting on octivity оthеrs woujd llke ....

giving G рuIроsе fог speoking.....

ЕFGн

Ф You will hear people tclking in eight different situations. Fоr questionsI-8. choose the best cnswer, А, В or С.

l You heoT с Ьrоthег cnd sisteг tolking.WhcIt happened to the boy's rмогk?А Не lost it when the lcptop сrсshеd.В Не sqved it in the wlong рlосе.С Не fогgоt to sove it.

2 You hеоr о spoгts рIоgIоmmе on the гоdiо.Whct wi]l conditions Ье like fог the rосе?А сlеот crnd sunnyВ wet ond muddyС cold ond 1су

3 You hесг сх teccheT tcrlking to his closs.Why is he talking to them?А to moke а requestВ to poss on а complointС to give instructions

4 You hеqr cr Ьоу ond giTl tolking obout school.Whot does the giгl thlnk of hеr mcrths lessons?А Тhеу'rе not well tought.В They'Te not чеrу chollenging.С Тhеу'ге not ргосtiсоl enough fоr hеr.

5 Yоu'hесг сr Ьоу tolking to his sister cbout оshopping tTip.

Whot does the Ьоу soy about the shopping tгip?А Не гegTetted ploying о trick on his friends.В Не wqs woTTied cbout losing his friends.с Не ond his friends dis]iked the cTowds.

6 You wiII hеоr о girl tolking to hег closs crbout hervislt1o cn аquсхгlum.Whct раrt of the visit does she rесоmmепd?А wclking thTough the gloss tunnelsВ hondling some чегу unusuol fishС seeing q mсхгlпе oTt exhibitlon

7 Yоu hеог о Ьоу tolking cbout с cookeTycompetition hе enteгed.Whot is he aiming to do?А comploin obout whct rмent ]мгопg Trlth с rесiреВ give instгuctions on how to moke о difflcuit

гесlреС exploin чrhу he chose о porticulaT rесiре

8 You wlllhеоr с fctheT ond doughteг tolking оЬоutо holidoy.How wil] the fomily get to the holidoy сепtrе?А bytrclinВ ЬусогС bycooch

LISTENING UNIT S Г

1 choose the correct cnswer.

l Don't fогgеt to text mе when you огrlче l wi]] оrrivе.2 This is с grесt ploce to stay. We соmр / оrе comping

in о fqrmеr's field.3 Sоrrу, I оm not undeлstonding l don't uпdелstопd

whot уоu'rе soying.This time next week we wjl/ sit l wi]] Ье sittjng onthe beoch ln the sun.Poul says he knorMs thcrt mon but I don't rесоgпisе /оm not recognjsjng him.

6 I'11 Ting you bcck - I con't tolk to уоu now becouseIdo l 'm doing my hоmеwоrk.

7 Let mе know qs soon os you heoT lrлrjJl hеоr fгоmKcmillo.

8 Сhildгеп who соmе / оге соmjпg fTom loTgefcmllies get used to shсгiпg theiT things.

2 Complete the second sentence so thct it has сsimilcr meaning to the first sentence, using theword given. Do not change the word given. Youmust use between two and five words, includingthe word given.

I Usuolly, о mоdеrп city has widеr streets thon сhistoTic city.ASUsuoiiy, the stTeets in с historic city.......,.............

those in о mоdеrп city.

2 Industriol сrеqs tend to Ье чегу noisy соmрqrеd toTuTol qтеqs.

FАRТhеrе is usuolly ............ in industгiol qгеqsthon ln rurql оrесs.

3 It tckes mу Ьrоthеr trмо houTs to get to wогk but оurfcther hos q two-minute wclk.MUcHМу Ьтоthег's journey to wоrk ............ оuIfctheT's.

4 Му {ovouTite соfб is пеоr the mагkеt squqlе.BESTТhе ссfё which I.,.......................,............,...... fTom the mcTketSqucrе.

5 Му fTiends ond I don't go to the cinemq os often osоur рогепts do.LESSМу friends ond I go to the cinemo...,.........,.,.,..........

оur роrепts do.

3 Decide which woTd (д, В, С оr D)best fits each

1 Тhеrе wos о......... of opinion in my fomily oboutto go on holidoy, so in the end we stcyed ot home.А vcTiotion В сопtгqst С diffeгence D d

2 We found о quiet......... to hove о picnic.А point В spot С situcTtlon D site

Му dod is going to moke о......... decision tonightwhetheT i con gго on the trip.А iost В lotest С finlshing D flnolIf you go on о сусlе Tide, you wil1 get lots of .........

А fresh В рurе С c].eon D пqturql5 Peter тrеqгs stгапgе clothes to......... ottention to

А puII В dгсw С focus D cctch6 If you want to Ье good ot bosketboll, you will need

to......... сп еffоrt to pToctise.А do В give С mcke D toke

7 when Fionc reolised hег sесrеt hod beenфе knew she чrоs in seгious......... .

А trоuЬ]е В рrоЬIеm С foult D сопсеrп8 I......... my breoth foT cges so I could swim u

А kept В cut С stopped D held

4 Complete this emcil from а student to hеr teccherwith these phrcses.

Dеаr Мrs wilson

Thanks for the email. (1).... . ,.. . .. to have а ЬаrЬесче for thewhOle class at the епd of tегm. (2) .. ечеrуопе willý0. (3),,,.::.::..:.1...,-,.... asking GаЬriеllе if we сап have it iп hегНеr famil14 havea litt|e swimming pool so we could swim too.(4) . ..,iпvitё,'hеr Ьrоthег and sister to join us. We had а

things we could do afterwaidý,likё,going down,to the beach огthe park.

(6) .. say l'm not чеrу good at oooking,:but l'm,sчrеof the others аrе. l сап Ьriпg some drinks and,biýiOltý;lthougtr.(7) . ... ask Alex and Tom to do the ЬаrЬесuе? Theyrеаllу good at it last time.

(8) .. it might Ье difficult to find а day ечеrуопе сапmanage So We Should start asking them поw. l will sendа message.

Best wishes

Louisa

Аs fог оthеr idecs I'm CIbsolutely sureI'm cfraid that I'm sоrrу to \Л/е could\Mhct obout Whot cr greot idec \Л/hу don't we

lE u.llvlsluN

Match the two hclves of the sentences and put theverbs into the correct post tense.

I I hurt my hand2 \Л/е got to the раrtу so lote thot3 we've been best friends4 I've Ьееп trying to doTMnlocd this gome fоr hоurs5 I Tong уоur dоогЬеIl six times yesterdoy6 Ive been to the new leisure раrk severcl times7 I was ploying the соmрutеr gcme you gove mе8 When i flrst met you lost уеаr,

с but you,.......................... (not onsweT) so I went аwqу.Ь but I............,.............. (not monoge) to do it yet.

с whenyou........................... (phone) mе.

d while i........................... (рlоу) tennis.е I wos sure I..........,................ (see) you Ьеfоrе sоmеwhеrе.f оuг frlends (оlrеоdу go) hоmе.g but I........................... (not eot) in the соfё thеrе yet.

h since you.....,..................... (соmе) to this school.

Complete the text with the verbs from the Ьох, inthe correct tense.

Ье Ье go hcve lnviteknoTr let scil set shine

Му Ьrоthеr (l) ......,.................... s<:illng ечеrу weekend withhis friends. Не olwcys soys, 'When уоu (2),..........................

с bit оldеr уоu con соmе rпrlth mе,' i (З)

fourteen next summеr so mсуЬе he (4) .......,..,.,.............. mеgo wlth him then. hzly uпсlе lоvеs solling сxnd hasа }эоаt too. Lost weekend he (5)........ ............ mе to goоut with him. I (6).....,...........,......... (never)with him beforeso I wcs rесllу p}eosed. Whеп lnre (7)...............,..,........ out,the sun (В)........................... but cfter cbout hc]f cn hоur 1t

got чеrу windy, I {9) .... . ...... scillng lеssогrs sinceSepiember so I (10) exoctiy whct to do.lr,{y }:,гоthеr wcs rесllу surprised тлhеп we got bcckcnd mу uпсlе told him whot с grecri sсl}оr I оm!

Complete the sentences with adverbs formed fromthe cdjectives below.

ссrе{ul de{inite eosy excited lmmedioteporticular simрlе usuоl

l Тhе сhi]drеп Tcrn round ond round................., whilethey walted fоr the show to begin.

2 lйiсhсеl says he's coming with us to the

роо1 tоmогrоw.3 Jonnie hos cr rес1 tolent {оr longucrges - he lеqrпs

them .......,...,...... .

4 Footbcll рrосtiсе lлrqs due to stqrt ln ten minutes sowe hod to get chonged........,......... .

5 I.......,..........listen to music in bed while I'm going toorv 9у.

6 I exptoined сrs,................. crs I could but they still didn'tunderstond.

7 I corTied the birthdoy ccke to the tcble чету ,...............

cs I didn't wont to dгор itl8 Еmmсr wqs.................. good at moths so the school

ent&ed heT in сr competition.

Complete the sentences with ап adjective {ormedfrom опе of the words in the Ьох.

cdventure сепtrё furу mуstеrупоtuте predict rеlу sult

Тhеrе wсs cI knock ot the dооr, but nobody wosthere when we opened it - it wcrs чеIу.................. .

OuT пеighЬоur ls looking fоr someone.......,.......... tobobysit who wilI соmе ечеrу Mreek ot the scmetime.IИу pcrrents like to go to the scme ploce on holidoy- thеу'rе not чеrуThis film isn't...............,.. {оr mу little sistег os she's onlysix.It's.................. to feel о bit wотгlеd when you dosomething fоr the fiгst time.Му Ьтоthеr wos..............,... when hе Teolised I'd wоrпhls jecrns.

Dad olwoys mqkes the sсmе jokes when mуfriends соmе Tound - he's soIИу school is чеrу so it's песrr cli the shops.

REVISION Г

l Choose the correct linking words.

Despite lWhi]e she wcs qп excellent singer,

Jооппq could not plcry cny musiccl instruments.AJthough / Ноwечет I hоче аlwоуs liked trovelling,I rеоllу dislike flying.Even though / /п splte of he is чеrу good qt mqths,

PeteT simply isn't inteгested ln it.Although lWhile Poul tTied to get to the сопсегt ontime, hе сrгiчеd 1ote.

Ноwечег / In spite of being с great fon of JamesBond fllms, Gеоrgе did not enjoy the 1cTtest one.

Eventhough l Ноwеvеr my little sisteг likes school,she's olwcys hoppy when the weekend comes.

Ноwеуеr / Desplte enjoying drowing, I wouldn'twqnt to toke огt clqsses.Although / /n splte of I dislike dogs, they've neverfгlghtened mе.

2 Complete the sentences with q pcssive verb.

оur FTench teocheT concelled the test beccuse сIot of students rмеrе qьsепt.

Оur Frепсh test....,..,,..,.....,.,..,..,. Ьесqusе с ]ot of studentsrмеrе qbsent.

Му pcrents оrе sending mе to о secondcry schoolпесrrЬу beccuse they iike it.

I....,...,...........,....., to сr secondcry school песrЬу becousemу рсгепts ]lke it.Ечеrуопе in my fomily hсrs ployed the sсrmе picrno.

Тhе sqmе piono ечегуопе in mу fomily.IИу tеосhеr hod odvlsed mе not to chooseonything too ombitious fоr mу science ргоjесt.I........,..,........,...... not to choose crnything too ombitiousfoT mу science pToject.

The chef will toke the biscuits out of the oven in 20

minutes if thеу'rе гесrdу.

The biscuits out of the oven in 20 minutesif they're rеаdу.Му grопdmоthеr is making me о рrоm dTess.

Му рrоm drеss,............,..,...,...... Ьу mу grспdmоthеr.I Ьогrоwеd those books frоm the school liЬrсту.Those books fгоm the school iiЬrоrу.The school is putting the silveT cup I won in the 100

mеtrеs оп с specicl shelf.Тhе si]чеr cup I won ln the 100 metres...................,,.,..., onс speciol shelf ot mу school.

3 Complete the sentences with с person who worksin the film industry.

I The s.,...........,.,.. t,......,...,..,.. usuolly checks the quolity of

the rесоrdiпg оп о film.2 А s..........,....... normoliy perfoTms oction shots, so the

stqr ccn ovoid dcngerous sltuotions.

3 А m..,.,..,.......... с,..............,,. criwcys does ап ссtог's fcrce

cnd hоiг befoTe hе оr she goes on set.

4 А р....,..,.. ..... is rеsропsiЬlе fоr гоlsiпg money to mokc

о fllm.5 А с.........,...,,.. films the scenes ond goes on locotj.on lf

песеSSGгу.6 Тhе d,................. guides qnd instructs the осtоrs on

how to реrfоrm о scene.7 А с.........,........ d.......,.......... сгеqtеs the clothes the qctoTs

wеqг on set.

8 The s,.......,......... d...,.,...,..,..... designs the sсепеrу foT the

film set.

Which type of film would usually fecture theIollowing?

1 с spcrceship, time tTcvel ond lots of speciol effects

2 funny sсеriеs thot moke you laugh3 с complicated plot with twists ond turпs4 interesting fcctuol informqtion5 cowboysondhorses6 chcrcrcteTs thct аrе dгоwп7 moving {iguTes ог onlmols тqthег thon Tecrl реор1,

8 геоllу frightening scenes, ghosts ond monsteTs

9 соr сhсrsеs ond people Tunning qсгоss roofs

I0 сп omusing love story

Answer these questions cbout music.

I Ccn you псmе thrее musicql instruments thcthove striпgs?

2 Ccn уоu ncme thrее wind instruments?3 Ccn you псmе five diffeгent types of music?4 А рор gIoup сqп olso Ье cclled с...................

5 The words of о song оrе colled6 The music of с song is cclled the,......,,..........

7 А rесогdiпg чrith о numbeT of tгссks is cc]ied сrп

The реорlе who rеоllу Iike а рогtiсulсrr gToup агr

co]led

ft REvIsIoN

6 Choose the correct modql verb (А, В or C)tocomplete the sentences.

You ......... olwoys check уоuг hоmеwоrk Ьеfоrе youhcnd it in.А ought В should С hove toYоu......... go to the роrtу if you рrоmisе to Ье hоmе

А сqп В must С shouldYоu .......,. to complete clll the wогk fог уоur scienceprojects Ьу next Fгidоу.А must В wlllhcxve С conYоu......... drink any of thct milk - it's gone off.А don't hqче to В needn't С mustn'tYou ......... won the competition lf you hodn't fcllenочеI on the icelА should hоче В cou}d hcrve С must hqчеYou......... been tгcining TecIlly hогd to hqче done sowell in the 100 mеtrеs.А must hove В ought to hоче С could hcveI...,..... lecve the house ot 5.З0 с.m. уеstеrdоуЬесоusе the school tгiр stcrted ot 6.00 с.m.А could В should С hod toYou...,..... osked mе whct to do if you wele unsuIe.А needn't hove В should hove С must hcrve

7 Complete these sentences with q preposition inecch gcp.

IИу Ьтоthег is much mоIе successful thon mе, butIve печеr been jeolous..,............... him ot сl11.

When you go on с school trlр, уоur teochers qrеresponsible уоur sofety.When the schoo1 week storts, Ilike to tolk..................

mу frlепds obout whct ] did ot the weekend.I've crlwcys been interested.................. pointing, andI'd like to toke some cxrt lessons.I don't know if I con spend о week ln London; itdepends the cost of the cccommodqtion.Some еldеrlу people find things to comploinо11 the time, but mу grопdmоthег печеr does.

7 Could you possibly help ......,......,. the end-of-termрсrtу?I'm rесllу excited going to the biginternctioncr1 hockey motch next week.Ечеrуопе knows thot cold Mrinters with о lot ofsnow qrе typicol ConodclWil1 you think.............,.... which foreign ianguoge youwcrnt to study next?

Complete ecch parcgroph below with words frоmthe Ьох above it. Add s or Ъ if necesscry. Тhеrе isопе extrc word in eoch list.

,А football match is aIways played оп а

(Х) , with а t2) making surеthe players оп both teams play fairly. 0пeach team, it's the attackers' rOle t0 score

Eoals and the (З) job to keep thernоut of the goal, with help from two or three(+) , All the players try to {5)

the opposition iп order to get the ball.

ln а tennis match it is the (6) .................. who ],

keeps the 5соrе. The player whо starts the ..

match has to t7) the ball to his/her(S) . Everr7 time а (9) is played,

t|le bat| ml|'t g0 оч_е,'n,.!]o],...,_,.,..., , . . . i

Complete the lists with the correct form of eochword.

cdjectiveI convenient

поuп

gгепеrоsitу

potience

noun

division

реISuqSlоп

2

з4

5

6

7

8

9

10

equol

independent

verbconcludeconnect

expcnd

10

REVI$I*N Щ

L О Mctch the two hclves of the conditioncl sentences and put the verbs into the correct tense.

1 I mlght hove enjoyed the school conceTt mоте2 If I hadn't lеоrпt to рlоу the guitaг,З Unless you live а long wqy оwGу,4 Toke some money with you5 I'11help you with уоur ргоjесt6 She wlllbe 1ote foT schoologcrin7 IИоst сhi]drеп печеI get to see о giгоffе8 ]f ] could chonge one thing cbout mу schooi,9 Реtеr sold he would tTy to 1есгп some ChineseI0 You'llfeel teTTible in the mоrпiпg

Complete the text with the correct form of thewords in brcckets.

Education in BritainIn Britain, children mоче to а (1)

(sBcorтo) school at the age of 11. The vast(2) (MaloK) of students gо to а state

school Iаthеr than а private one. Thereis no (3) (вхамrrчв) you have to

pass to get in, and this type оf mixedability schoolis known as а (4)

(сомгквнвrчп) school. However, students

аrе divided into different groups accordingto their (5) (aBlB), а system knownas streaming. The most аЬlе students go

into the top set, where the most (6)

(cHHlI-BltcB) work is done. All the students

study а (7) (vaKv) ofsubjects,including English, maths and science,

and also have the (8) (гossrBrB) ofdoing sport, art and music as раrt of theirtimetable. At the age of 16, students have

the (9) (cHoosB) of which subjects to

continue for the next two years, and at 18,

those who want to go on to university putin their (10) (аггф.

с if they (stclrt) teoching it at his school.Ь cs long qs you (help)me Trith minelс unless they.................. (go) to azoo.d it................., (Ье) the unifoTm.е it.............,..., (Ье) best to сусlе to school.f if you (not get) о good night's sleep.g I.................. (miss) doing something I'm good ot.

h unless shе.......,.......... (set) hеr аlогm clock.i lf thеrе (Ье) some singingг in it.j in ccrse you..................(need) to buy some lunch.

S Complete the text with с, сп оr fhe, or leave G gcpif necesscry.

Саре Town has (1) ....,.... Меditеrrапеап climate, with(2) mi[d, wet winters, апd (3) dry and very wаrmsцmmеrs. ln winter, which lasts from (4)......... beginning ofJцпе to б) . end of Ацgцst, (6) ,......., соН weather comesасrоss frоm (7) ......... Attantic Осеап Ьгiпgiпg (8) ......... heavyrаiп and strong winds, (9) wiпtеr mоэths are cool,with (10) ....,.,,. miпimцm tеmрrаtu:е of 7 'С (45 "F). Mostof (11) ...,.,... сitуЪ аппuа[ rainfall оссurs in wintertime, Ьutrainfalt аmочпts fоr (12) ......... different suburbs сап чаrydramatical[y.Summеr, which lasts frоm (r3) NочеmЬеr to Mal,ch,is wаrm and dry. Саре Town gets frеqчепt strong windsfrom (14) ..,...... soцth-east, kпоwп locally as the СареDoctor, because they blow away (15) ......... pollution andсlеап (16) ......... air in the ciý, However, Саре Town сап Ье

uпсоmfоrtаЬlу hot when the ВеrgWiпd blows for 07) .

couple of weeks in FеЬruаry оr еаrý Маrсh.(18) .... Саре Town's weatheT is iп fact rеmаrkаЬlу simitarto that of San Francisco in (19).,..,.... USA, atthough it isdefiniteý wаrmеr, with (2ý) ......... ачеrаgе аir temperatureof 19 "С (66'F) чеrsus San FrапсisсоЪ 13 "С (55'F).

Ф Correct the mistckes in these sentences written Ьуexcm ccndidctes.

I i've печеI seen so beoutiful roses in с gоrdеп.2 When the сопсеrt storted, everything мrоs such exciting

thot the time flew.3 I hcIve so good mеmогiеs fгоm there, сrnd I'd like to shqге

them with you.4 The book wos such о good that I couldn't put it down.5 It wсхs grеоt to hold the роrtу on suсh mcтvellous evenlng.6 I've neveI eqten с such tosty гisоttо Ьеfоrе.7 Ilove clothes ond fcshion is such impoTtont to mе.8 \Ме hcd so а good lough lost time we met,9 I hcve печеI stcyed iп а hotel rMhich wqs such becutiful

Iike this.10 I hcd neveT trcrined with о such peTfect volleyball team

Ьеfоге.

Complete these short expressions Ьу writing с word fromthe Ьох below.

1 аiг2 electriccl3 emoil4 fгеsh5 locol tcke

ottochment bcgs conditlonlngequipment ingredients meclsрGреr рrоduсе с showeT woste

Now complete this text with the expressions fromЕхеrсisе 5.

lf уоu want to liче in an environmentally friendly way, there are lotsof simple, practical steps you can take in your everyday life.

First of all, get уочr fami|y to understand that it's importantto {1},..,,,.,.,.,. .....,..... at home Ьу cutting уочr епеrgу consumptionwhenever possible. Fоr instance, you сап (2) ............. .. rather thanа bath апd always епsurе that you turn off (З) . . ..... when youhave finished with it. Never leave the television оr computer onstandbyl And if you use the computer а lot, use (4) . ... forprinting and if at all possible send your homework Ьу (5) .. . ........

instead of using paper. lп addition, you should try to keep use of(6) , ...,,............. .. in the home and family саr to а minimum, ечеп whenit's very hot.

RеmеmЬеr too that you don't need (7) . . . ,. to take уоurshopping home when you go to the supermarket; it's much better totake а basket оr Ьох with you, When you're shopping for food, lookfor (8)......,....,..,,.,...,..... rаthеr than food that has Ьееп transported frоmmiles away. Finally, if уоur family commits to healthy eating and youalways рrераrе meals with (9) . .., уоu сап avoid the hugeamounts of packaging used to wrар the (10) ..... you сап findоп the chilled соuпtеr,

Mcke adjectives from the wоrds below,then complete the sentences with them.

competitioncheeTcommunicсrteсrеоtеdecidedetermineenelgysympcthy

When I сqmе hоmе feeling unwell, mуmum wсts чеIу..........,....... tоwqгds mе.Му sisteг hctes to lose - she's soI knew i hcd to Ье..,.....,......... , so I chose theопsч/еr veTy гарidlу.Му grondfatheT hcs печеI been veTybut lcst rMeek he sent me о long lеttеr.Му cousin is чегу ond she hosjust started heT own business designingjewelleTy.

I wоs cbso]utely..................to poss the exom, soI studied геаIIу hоrd.Му best fTiend is olwoys cnd Iveпечеr once seen hеr in о bcd mood.Му Iittle Ьгоthеr is incTedibly.................. cndгuпs cbout all day without gettlng tired.

Complete the sentences with these verbsbelow. Use ecch verb only once.

con't imcgine dislike hсче печеr Ьееп сlЬlеis looking fоrwсгd suggested wou]d likewould рrеfеr would rсthеr

I........................... cycle to schoo] thon cctch thebus ечегу morning.Susie ............,........,..... to studying споthегlonguage next уеаr.I.........................., to go to univeгsity if I get goodgrоdеs in mу exoms.Alison living ароrt fTom hеr twinsisteT.

Tim........................,.. to tcrke up judo таthеr thcnplcy tennis.Most students of mу age........................... hovinghomewoTk to do ечеrу night.I......,.................... to do mcths without о соlсulоtог.I..,..................,....,leoving ot obout 6.00 so wecould get to the сопсеrt on time.

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plosticTecdyгесусIеdTeduce

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REVIýION r

choose the correct спswеr in itqlics.

Щ{аmi\ аrrапgоd (t) to go / gоiпg аъrа1 at tho $reeKond

to m1 uпсlоь cottaga in ihe mountainз. lt vlaan't а longjоuгпq but l still managod Ф to fall / falling aaloop оп

tho wа1 Ьgсаuве it ъrаа ао hot. Мl fаthеr hadn't intandod

Q) to Btop l Btoppingbui шо tooк а ЬгоаК \ а laKo

hаtfш4 uр tha mountain to cool dошп. Lucкil1, t had

buggeBted (4) to taKe / tаkiпg оuг бv{imming things in

саьо \!о {clt liKo (5) to аw;m / вwimmiпg iп tho вtrsаm

пgаг tha.ottago. Wо ацоlоd (Ь) to га[ах / rеlахiпgЬlihеvlаtог {ог an hоuг ог twо and ihon ъrо cacciod on (1) to

drive / driчiпg up tho mouniain. Цlhsп ъrо аrгiчоd at thscoliagb m1 mоthаr tгiоd (s) t0 fiпа / finding tho ко1 in

hаr handbag but it urabn't thагр. Ъhо baid shа гаmоmЬегеd

({) to риt l putting it in, and bho mado uB (о) to go / go, thгоugh all tho оthег bagb. tn tha snd, wо had to givo uр;, (t) to lооk / lооkiпgЬесаuьо it wаь goiting dагК. цlо had

to choo{,o botrдegn Blaaping оп the gгаьь ог going hоmа sо

Tra docidod Qz) to go / gaing homo, At leaBt wа had а nice

sч,лim in ihc lаКg!

Complete the second sentence so thct it hcs аsimilcr mecning to the first sentence, using theword given. Do not change the word given. Youmust use between two qпd five words, includingthe word given.

I James sald, 'I con't picy footbo}lbecquse I'mIooking afteT mу Ьтоthег.'EXPLAINEDJames ............рlсху footbo]l beccuse hewos looking сftеr his Ьrоthеr.

2 Alice soid, 'ОК, I'l1help you wlth уоuг mothshomerMork.'AGREEDA]ice..............., mе Mrith mу mcthshomewoTk.

3 Му fгiепd said hе couldn't соmе with us to thecinemc becouse he'd foTgotten hls money.SoМу {Tiend scid, 'Ive fогgоttеп my money

............ with you to the cinemo.'

REvIýIoN

4 Му uncle soid, 'This is the best show I've seen fог

уеоIS.'SUcHМу uncle scid he ....,....... good show fоrуеоrS.

5 Anno soid, 'I like уоur new dгеss.'ToLDAnno .... mу new dтess.

6 ATchie osked mе, 'Do you know how to ployIFАrсhiе csked mе...................... how to рlоу

3 Complete the sentences with these чеrЬs.

соmе dress get get go hс:чеkeep look mcke show sult tгу

I.,................ in the some wcy cs mу friends.I know whct styies.................. mе.Ilook fог clothes thot.................. mе ]ook different fтоmotheT people.I.................. гid of mу old clothes when ]'m tiгed ofDqTk colouTs rеаllу don't.................. good on mе.Ilike to up with the lotest fcshions.Some people ]ike to.........,........ off Ьу weoTing oll thelotest fcshions.As soon os clothes out of foshlon, I stopweaгing them.sometimes clothes bock into foshion ofterсrfew уеогs.I like to things on Ьеfоrе I buy them.I.................. diffегепt tastes fTom my friends.Му {гiends ]ike to dressed up rMhen they goout.

Complete the sentences with these cdjectives.

cuTious frustToted guiltyoptlmistlc pqssioncte potient

Моriо hos c}rмoys Ьееп ................,. about bclsketbollcnd hopes to Ье с professionol рlаует.I Tros.................. beccruse I wos tгуiпg to buy с ticketthe festivol and mу iaptop чrouldn't wоrk.Кагim wos rеаIIу good ot photogгcphy so he wcrs

obout winning the competition.I wos.................. to know rмhеге Jock wos going so Ifo]]owed him.Elenc felt.................. cbout not going out with hеrfTiends os she hcd pTomised, so she phoned thешс11 up to opologise,Тhеrе wos q гесIlу long queue but rMe just hod to

and TMoit fог оur tuгп.

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These adjectives clso fit in some ofthe gcps. Which ones? Look ot thegrcmmor cs well cs the mecning.

qshqmеd......... confident.........enthusicstic ......... fuгious .........

interested......... irritсtеd .........

Complete the text with тлrhо, which,whose or where. When you hovefinished, go bcck cnd add thct оr -(nothing)to those gcps where theyare possible.

dwin Hubble, (1),..,.......,...... wasЬоrп in ]889, was ап Americanastronomer (2) work has

made а huge impact оп what weknow about the stars today. Тhеrе is

а telescope, an asteroid and а mоопcrater (З) аrе all named after him.As а child, Hubble was someone(4) was both а bright studentand ап excellent athlete. Не went tothe University of Chicago, (5)

he studied mathematics, astronomyand phi|osophy. Не spent most of hisworking life in California, (6),.......,......... heformulated Hubble's Law, (7)

helped astronomers determine the ageof the uпiчеrsе and prove that it wasexpanding. At the time, аstrопоmеr5knew опlу about the Milky Way, аgalaxy of stars and planets (8) .................. theЕаrth is part of. But with Hubble's workit became сlеаr that there wеrе manymore galaxies beyond the Milky Way.

Read these definitions, then complete the words they definewith the correct consoncnts.

I rvhcn рарег, glass, etc. is prrt through а process so thatit can Ье used again

_Е_ _I_ .-2 . I_E A_E

3 adiective rlegcribing япimаlс anrl пlяпfs which mav soon rlisannel

4 the smallest basic unit of а plant ог alrilTal h _ Е

_о__Е_ _A_Io-

tlre scientific study of genes which сопtrоlthe particular characteristics ofa livirrg thirrg

the smallest unit that an element 1

can Ьс riivided into '-,-F

_E_E_j

А_,о,,_

8 atypeofenergythatcanproducelightandheat i

апс1 make mасhiпеs wоrk

Е_Е _I_I_ _

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wordin ccpitcls ct the end of ecch sentence.

I */ou need q lot of .....,............ in уоur qгms to гоw cI

boot чеrу fоr.2 The сrgumепt ogoinst smoking is cr veTy

.................. one.3 оuг school wos.................. much smсrllет thon

it is now.

ATTRACT

STRoNG

роWЕR

oRTGINAL4 \Ме couldn't decide whot to do qs thеrе wеrе

so mGпу to choose fTom. POSSIBLE5 It's.............,.... to }eove the toble Ьеfоrе еvеrуопе's

finished eoting. POLITE6 Not епоugгh young реорlе ottend the town

festivcli - we need to mqkе it mогеto them.

7 Тhеrе сrrе too mопу on this сhqппеl -they Ьrеаk up the ргоgIоmmеs. СО},l}'lЕRСЕ

8 I wos told to go to the schooIot В.00 o.m. forа meeting but there must hove been о

beccruse nobody wqs there, UNDERSTAND

adjective describing animals and plants which mау soon disappearfrош the wor}d beoause there аrе so fъw letl

the protection of паturе

REVISION Ц

lli,

cli

щ

Present tenses\л/е use the рrеsепt simpie

I to soy when things hcppen if they tokeрlосе теgulагlу:/ rпееt mу friends on Soturdoys.to tolk qbout реrmопепt situcrtions:Ilive iп о smo]J fJct.to stqte general truths:Ъепоgеrs sleep mоrе thon aduJts.

\Ме use the present continuousl to tolk obout the present moment:

Go owoy - l'm wotching TV,2 fоr о tеmроrсrу oction оr event:

I'm staying with mу gто.ппу Ior осоuрJе о1 doys.foT rересrtеd qctions ond events очег среriоd of time:I'm lеq,rпiпg to pJoy the guitоr. (Butnot excctly ot the pTesent moment.)fоr chonging от developing situotlons:Тhе wоr]d is gefting ]моrmеn

state verbsThese сге geneTally used in о simple tense(i,e. not о continuous tense), They сrrе mostlyqbout thoughts, feelings, belonging clnd thesenses. Неrе сrе some common exomples:beJjeve, know, meqn, rеmеmЬеr, suppose,understond, feeJ (= believe), thjnk (= Ьеliече),odore, despise, hote, Jjke, Jоче, wont, тлzjsh,prefer, belong, hоvеlhсче got (= possess),оwп, sme]J, toste, hеоr, see, "feeJ, сопtоjп,seem, Jook (= seem), weigh:

1like our пеw iloL1hcye thTee sjsters.

present tenses in future clausesIn clouses геfетriпg to futuTe tlme сrnd whichbegin with иrhеп, uпti], .before, ofteT, os soonqs, we use the present simpJ,e:

I']] со1] you whеп 1 get to mу friепdЪ.(not ... иrЪеггЬчt+gеt)

ог the pTesent perfect:l']] hove drnner whеп I'vе flinished mуhоmеrмотk. (not ... иrJзеп*wr]+zhсrzе-fm#d)

The futureWe usе the present simple foT scheduled events with о futuremecning:

The,bus lecves fоr London ot В.]5 оп Soturday.We use the present continuous fоr p}ans which оте сrlrеоdуоrгспgtеd:

Wе'rе playing footboJJ оп lЛlеdпеsdау.We use wj]J

l fог decisions mqde сrt the moment of specking:The рhопеЪ ringing. /'lI спsrл,zег jt,

2 loT onything which is uncertqln, especiclly withprobobJy,mоуЬе, I think,l hope crnd 1expect:I рrоЬоlэlу won't linish this project todoy.

3 fоr predictions (os they оте not definite):The пum.Ьеr of peopJe on the рlспеt wiLl grow to пjпе Ьi]]iопЬу 2050,

4 for requests, pTomises, offeTs:I'11 give уоч уочт book bock on Frjdоу.

We use going tol foT something we hоче declded to do but which lsn't q definite

Gгтопgеmепt: I'm going fo Ting mу lriепdjп о mjnute.2 to pTedict something when we hоче some evidence:

ItЪ going to тqiп. (I ccrn see the сlоuds.)We cqn often use either the рrеsепt contlnuous оr going /о fог plons:

I'm mееtiпg l I'm going fo rпееt myfriends iп town.We use the future continuous fог crn event hoppening ot о pcTticuJ,o:time оr оvеI о регiоd of time in the futuге:

/ con't соmе ot 6.00 os I'1I Ье loofting ofter mу sisteT.

Comparisons

Some two-syiloble odjectives (e.g. qujet, po.lite) ond odjectivesending in -ои1 -ет qnd -Je сqп toke both forms:

/о is rпоге polite thon Sсm. = /о is роIifеr thon Sоm.Iтгеgulог crdjectives:

good, better,.best.bod, иrоrsе, иrогst{оr, {oTtheT l f чrthеr, farthest/furthest

\Л/е usе соmрсгоtiче stTuctuгes to соmроте people от thingsl with crn odjective:

Му bTothu js fаIJег fhсп mу sl'ster.Му s:'ster isn't qs tcIJ cs mу.Ьrоthеr.I'm cs good ot footboJJ cs mу оJdеr.Ьгоthеr.This 7VрrоgIоmmе js less iпtегеsfiпgr thcn 1cst rлrееkЪ.

2 with о noun: 1 get mоrе/Iеss pocftef mопеу thап you.

l syllcble(wсrm)

2 syllcbles ending in-У (hарру1

2 оr mоrе syllcbles(expensive)

]мqrmеr (thon) hорр/ег (thоп) mоIе expensive (thоп)(the) rмсrmеst (the) hoppjest (the) most expensive

GRAMMAR RЕFЕRЕNСЕ

past tenses\Л/е use the post simple fоr

I completed qctlons ond events in the post:I went to the city centre yesterday.

2 repected cctions qnd events in the post:/ ргосtisеd the gujtor ечеry doy Ьеfоrе the conceTt. (But theconceTt's очег поw so I don't pTcctise ечеrу doy.)

3 peгmcrnent от long-term situotions in the post:

Му fоmilу lived iп Porjs fоr fоur уеоrs. (But they don't поw.)

We use the pTesent perfect simpleI to tclk crbout с регlоd of time which is stllIcontinuing,

sometimes Tzith sjnce от fоr:

l've Lived jn thjs vlJJoge fоr {iче yeols. (And i continue to livehеrе.)fог unfinished octions ond events, sometimes wlth stj]] ог yet:I hо,чеп't Ьееп to the пеиrрооl yet. (But I hope I will go theTe.)fоr events thot hoppened in the гесепt post, sometimes withJ uýt.

ShеЪ gопе to the сjпеmо. (And she's stiil thеrе.)to tolk obout how mапу times something hos hcppened,sometimes with o1Teady:/'че (сlгесdу) heard thjs bond sечеrсJ tjmes.

we use the pTesent регfесt continuous (often with sjnce оr for) whenwe wcnt to emphcrsise ihe octivity rсthеr thon the Tesult.Соmрсrе:

1'че Ьееп rесdiпg thjs book fоr-иrееks. (I stlll hoven't finished it.)

/'че rесd fоur.Ьооks thjs rлzееk. (I've finished them.)

I've Ьееп doingпу hamework while

've Ьееп out.

I spent

\ме use the past continuousI to tolk cbout с роrtiсulог moment in

the pcrst:

/ rлzсs listening to the rodjo ot В.30 thjsmоrпiпg.

2 for cn activity beginning Ьеfоrе cr postqction (usuсllу in the pcst simple)andcontlnuing until оr сftеr it:

/ илсs going upstojrs whеп I hесгd оstronge nojse.

3 foT ttMo things hcppening ct the scmetime:It wcs рочгiпgr with тqiп иzhjlе тлrе

rлrеrе pJcying footbaJJ.

We use the past peTfect simpleI to rеfет to qп еqrliеr time whеп we оrе

оlrеоdу tclking cbout the past, oftenwith time expressions like rлrhеп, ofter,Ъу the tjme, os soon cs:Ву the tjme I wos sjx, I'd liyed jn threedlfferent pJaces.

2 with cdverbs 1ike just, oJreody .Ьеfоrе,ечеr cnd nevel:/csmjne offered to ]end mе hеrbook but /'d стJгесrdу finished mуhоmеrлrоrk.

\л/е use used to cnd rлrоu]d to tolk obout posthcbits when we оге emphcsising they crTe

no longeT truе. Used fo is mоrе соmmоп thqnиzоuJd:

Му mчm used to sing to mе ечеrу night.

= Му mчm wоuld siпg to mе ечеrу nigrht.used to сqп dеsсгiье qctions ond stotes, butrпrоuJd ccrn only describe octions:

MybTother usedto ]iчеiп Sydney. поtМуЬrоthеr тпrоtti*Jттrе ...

Adverb formationМсrпу qdчеrЬs crTe formed fTom cdjectives Ьуodding the sufflx Jy, but note the followlng.Adjectives ending in -у chonge thеiг lcstIetter to -j befoTe odding -1у; о,пgту }опgтilуAdjectives ending in consoncrnt + -]е losethe lost iеttег Ьеfоrе odding -ly: probobJe }

рrоЬоЬJуAdjectives endlng in -е keep the -е ond odd-Jy: rоге } rотеJуAdjectives endlng in -J double the -J Ьеfоrеthey odd -1у: саrе[ч1 > corefuJJy

I've dопе mу;i:,l trzomeworkwhj]e

;io,*

GRAMMAR RЕFЕRЕ""" ЕП

lilI

The passive

The posslve is used whenI. we don't know rMho от whot does/did something:

Му bike rлzсs stolen frоm outsjde the school.2 the oction is mоте importont thon who does/did it:

The mоtсh hcs Ьееп ccncelled.becouse of thewеоthег.

З lt is оЬчiоus whо оr whot does/did something:The fi]m wilT Ье shof in Вrоzi],

We сqп use.by + peTson/thing to show who does/did theqction if this is lmportcnt lnformqtion:

Thls song rлrсs иzrittеп Ьу ChTls Мотtiп,

VеrЬs with two objects iп the passiveТhеге оrе two woys of moking the posslve of чегЬs thottqke two objects (e.g. gjve, shоиr, tel1):

The boy.bond wcs given first рrizе.First pTize was given to the .Ьоу bond.

hауе sornething doneV/e use the struсtuге hоче + thing/person + postporticiple when sоmеопе else does something foT us:

She hcd hет hoiT ond moke-up done Ьеfоrе gоjпgr опthe stoge.

PcssiveLecTd gultar is plcyed Ьу Koi.Му Iavourite song is being plcyed Iэу the D] поw,This song илсs first rесогdеd 1эу the Ьопd iп 2009.

Thjs song hcs been sung Ьу ]ots of djfferent peopJeThe trосk сqп Ье downloaded fоr frее.The пеиr oJ.bum rлriJl Ье bought Ьу the bond's fons.А mi]]iоп coples of the оlЬum hcd Ьееп sold Ьуmiddoy.

Linking words and рhrаsеsWe use in spl'te of, desplte, oLthough, ечеп though, .but,

hоиrеvет ond whjle to сопtгqst two ideos оr events.Despjte crnd jn spjte of оrе preposltions; they оrеfollowed Ьу -ing, о noun от Ьу the foct thot + subject +

veTb:.The srnger finjshed the shоиr despife having 0 sоrеthrооt.They continued fiJmjng despite the bсrd rлrесthег.The сопсегt и/сs о success in spife ot the fiqct thatthe gultorist иrоs пеил.

A/though qnd еуеп though оrе conjunctions; they огеfollowed Ьу с noun/pIonoun crnd о чегЬ:

They continued flJmjng althoughleven fhough theTMeotheT иrоs.Ьоd.She печеr sings heт ои/п songs olthoughleventhough shеЪ иrrjttеп о 1ot.

But clnd hоиzечеr hove the some meoning. But joins tr,;:

holves of о sentence. Ноиrечеr contтcrsts two sерсrтсtеsentences ond is mоrе fоrmql thon but:

Iоhппу Depp is cl recslly good осtогbut l didn't enjoy his Jotest fiJm.

Jоhппу Depp is о rеоJJу grood octor.Howevet,I didn't enioyhis Jotest{i]m.

Jаhппу Depp is о теоllу good осtоr.I didn't, hоwеуег, епjоу his lotest{i]m.

Whi]e ccn go ot the beginning оr inthe middle of о sentence:

While I kпоw hеЪ о veTy goodwTiteT,l stj// don't /jkehjs.books.Annje hos dork hojr ond eyes иrhilе her Ьrоthеr js

the opposite.

Koi plcys Jeod guitar.The D] is plcying mу {avourite song пои/.

Тhе bond first гесоrdеd the songr iп 2009.

Lots of different peopJe hcve sung thJs song.yоu сqп doTмnlocd the trосk for free.The bondb fons rлrill buy thejr пеw о]Ьчm.The shops hcd sold cl mi]]iоп copies о[ the оlЬuтп Ьуmiddoy.

ЁtЬШ GRAMMAR REFEREN.E

Modal verbsObligation\ме cqn often use еithеr must оr hсче to with the somemeoning:

/rпчsf lhave tophone mуmчmпоw.\Л/е usе must to gгiче oTders от strong odvice, including toouTselves:

1rпчst геrпеrпЬеr to Ьгjпg mу footbcTJJ .boots

tоmоrrоrлr.Уоu rnusf fгу hогdег.

When thеге is о гulе оr тrhеге the obligation does notсоmе frоm the sресrkеr, must is posslble but hоче to ismоге usuol:

We hсче to Ье ct footbcJJ practice еогJу tоmоrrотм.We поrmоllу use horze to fоr hcbits:

I hсrvе to ргасtisе eveTy doy.We only use must in the рrеsепt tense. In о11 other tenses,we usе hqче to:

l hсd to buy пеw foofbcTJJ.boots .Ьесоusе mу feet hodgrоIмп.We'1I have to fliпd о пе\т gосJkеереr.Ьесоusе Mott js

iLL.

Although must qnd hqye to both ехргеss obligction,mustn't cTnd don't hove to hcve different meonings:

Yоu rnustn'f иzест shoes jn the gуm. (Don't do it.)

\л/е olso sсхy Yоu con't от Yоu rе not c/Jowed to.

\Ме use don't hcye to when thеrе is no obligotion to dosomething:

/ don't hcye to take опу mопеу.Ьесоusе the bus jsfrее. (It's not песеssqгу to do it.)

\Ме con olso soy Yоu don't need to оr Yоu needn't.

permission and adviceWe use соп to meon'lt is possible'oT'it ls c].lowed':

Yоu ссп Ъогrоw mу tenn:'s rocket i{ you wопt.When we qrе tclking crbout the Tlght thing to do, we useshоч]d(п't)оr ought (nof) to:

You should fell уоur рогепts rлrhеrе you оrе going.

ExpectationsWhen rMe expect something to hoppen, we usе shouJd(поt):

оur teom should do тлrе/l todoy os иrе че proctjsed somчсh.

\ме olso use shou/d when we discover о situotion is-notos we expected it:

Му рhопе should Ье in mypocket.becouse thоtЪrлzhеrе I ]e{t it.

In the past, we soy shouJd(n't) hсче:1йе should hсче scored mоте grooJs qs и/е had Jots ofchonces.

AbilityWe use ccn ог Ье obJe to to say someone hqs on obillty:

Му Ыоthеr ссп cook but hеЪ very.bod ot woshingup.

We use couJd от тлrоs o.bJe to to soy someone hсrd cnobility:

/ could speck trлrо Jonguoges.Mhen / rлrоs /jttJe.

In с11 оthеr tenses, we use с fогm of Ье oble to to to}kоЬоut obillty:

l won't Ье cble to corne skijng becouse I've huTt mуfoot.

Certainty and possibilityIn the present we use

I must whеп we qle surе something is tтuе:Those boots must beJong to Сqmеrоп. НеЪ got big{eet.

2 con'tlcouJdn't when we qге suге something is nottruе:Thot сап't Ье Sоrо.Ьесоusе she doesn't come to

this schoo] опуmоrе.3 mightlmoylcould when тлre think something is

possible:Thjs text might Ье frоm Dcn but it doesn't soy.

4 mightпоtlmаупоt when we think something isrrnceгtqin:I'11рhопе him but hе might not Ъе fhеrе.

CouJd mecns the some os moylmight (somethlng ispossible) but couldn't meons something is not tTue,which is di{feгent frоm mау notlmight поt (something isuпсеrtqiп).

Iп the pcst rMe useI must hоче when we qIе suге something is tTue:

СJсjrеЪ coot jsn't hеrе so she rnust hcve grопеhоmе.

2 соп'tlсоч1dп't hоче when тrе qrе surе something isnot tгuе:С]оlrеЪ coot js here so she ccn'tlcouldn't hqvеgгопе home.

3 mightlmoylcould hсче rMhen we think somethingis possible:Аdоm might hcye Ьогrоиrеd mу bike .beccuse jtЪnot here cnd hjs js.ьгоkеп.

Luca jsn't hеле. Не mightlmауlсоцId hсчеfoгgotten to соmе Ьесоusе wе chonged fhe doy.

4 mightlmоу not hcye when we think something isuпсеrtсiп:You mightlmcy not hcye hеагd Е.lljеЪ good newsЬесqusе you wеrеп't hеrе yesterdoy.

Could hоче meqns the scme as moylmight hсче(something is posslbie) but couJdn't hсче mесrпssomething ls not truе, which ls diffeгent frоm maylmightnot hоче (something is uпсегtqlп).

GRAMMAR REFERE*", ЕП

lli,il

,i l t

conditionalsо If + present simple, + рrеsепt simple\л/е use the zеrо conditiono] to stote generol fqcts ondtruths:

Chj]dren do .betteT ot schooJ if tfiey sleep иrеl/. (Thisis а known fcct.)lt сhi]drеп sleep иrеJJ, /hey do .better ot schooJ.

о If + pTesent simple, + тлrjJJlmоdоI + infinitivevi/e use the first conditiono] fог q future condition whichwe believe is possible ог likely:

II you give mе Some mапеуl l'I1 buy о tjcket {оr you.II you chat lo уоur frjends during /essons, you won tIеаtп опуthiпg,1ссп cycJe to schoo] tоmоrrоиz i! I teel.better. (I think Iwil] feel better.)

о I{ + post simple, + wou]dlcouJd + infinitive\л/е use the second conditiono] fоr on imаgiпоrуcondltion which we believe to Ье impossible оr unlikely.\Л/е use the post tense qlthough the sреоkеr is thinkingobout the pTesent оr the futuTe:

yоu would wiп first prj ze iI you pгccfised mоте./ could rессh thot sheJf jf / wеге tolJer. (But I'm nottоilеr so I con't тессh.)

! We con use иzеIе оI wos qtIer if llhelshelit.

Соmроrе the first cTnd second conditioncis:If уоu spenf mоrе tjme оп уочI hоmеИzоrk, you TMouldget.better moTks. (But you qlmost сеrtоiпlу won'tspend mоге time.)If you spend mоrе flme оп уоur hоmетмогk, you'1I getbetteT morks. (mоrе likely)

о /f + pcrst регfесt, + иzou]dlcouldlmighthove + postporticipie

We use the third conditioncl to tolk obout pcst eventswhich connot Ье chcnged, so we know the condition isimpossible:

II mу dod hodn't dтiчеп mе fo schooJ, / rмочld hочеЬееп Jote. (But he dгоче mе so I wosn't ]ote.)му fTiend wоuld hсче Ьееп upset if /'d fогgоtfеп herbirthdoy. (But she wqsn't upset becouse I didn't forget.)

\л/е sometimes sее sentences vrhiсh contqin о miхtuге ofsecond crnd thiTd conditlonols becouse of thеlг context:

l wouldn't hcye lost mурuISе i! l wеrе mоте ccrefu].(I did lose it becouse I оm geneTolly not чеrу ccrTeful.)

Соmроrе: I wоuldп'thqуе Josf mурursе if I hod Ьеепmоге соrеfuJ. (On this роrtiсulоr occqsion ] wqsn'tсоrеfu1.)

\ме сqп stoгt conditionql sentences with еithег the jf-clouse ог the mqiп clquse. If we put the mqiп clouse i---=_

theTe is no соmmе between the clouses:1f you smj.led mоrе, you'd make frrends.You'd moke frjends lf you smiJed mоrе.

Other ways of expressing ifUnless, iп саsе, as/so lопg а, provided (that) /providing (that)АII these expTesslons сrе followed Ьу the pTesent tепsэeven rMhen we 0Iе tolking obout the futuге.

1 Unless meons'except if':You'JJ get о tjcket if you getin /hе queue eaтJy, =You won't get о tlcket unless you get iп the que_;^л.l-,9чI]1.

2 We use l'п ccse when we do something becqusesomething else might hoppen;I'11 tidy mу rооm in cсrse mу frjends ТЛrопt to go _:_

thеле. (I']1 tidy it now Ьеfоге they соmе becousethey might wqnt to go in thеге.)

' 1n сqsе doesn't hove the sсme meoning os if:l'11 tidy mу тооm it mу fгjепds rMont to go ;п the:=(I won't tidy it Ьеfоге they соmе becouse theymight not wcrnt to go in theTe.)

3 As/so Jong os ond provlde d (thot) l рrоvidiпg (tг-:сqп Ье used insteod of jf ond meon 'only if ' оr 'э:_

the condition thcrt':I'11 qo to the роrlу cs/so long qs уоч соmе too.

l wishТо saY we мrоu]d like о рrеsепt situotlon to Ье diffeTer::we usе I wish lIt опlу + post simple:

1rлrish l had mу оwп .Ьеdrооm. (But I don't.)то scy we wont somethlng to hoppen оr someone (nc: :do something, \ме uSе / Tмjsh l lt опlу + wouJd + infinj,::,,--:

l'l. l,t./ l lllIf опtуthе rоjп '*,l/rL

wouJd sfop.

1rмjsh mу mчmwоuld let mе stay uр Joter.То express о wish оr rеgrеt obout the post we use 1 и-:. -l l[ опlу + post perfect (it's ]ike cl thiTd conditionc].):

Му mчm иzrshеs she hcdn't bought fhjs соr. (Вессг_-it gгоеs wrопg o]l the time.)

rl#{l i

сочпtаьlе and чпсочпtаьlе почпsNouns сqп Ье eitheг countcble, e.g. bed, chiJd, trip, огuncountqble, e.g. occommodotjon, qdvjce, expeTience,hоmеrлrоrk, jnformotjon, musjc, пе\л/s, poJJutjon.Some nouns ccn Ье both but with diffeTent meonings:

These moths exercises оrе ecsy. ICJЕхегсisе js good fоr уоu. IUJ

countclble nounsI соп Ье singulor qnd hove q/сп Ьеfоrе them: о cot,

о job, сп аdчепturе2 cqn Ье рluтсl1 (sometimes with mопуlfеlмlsоmе оr о

пumЬег befoTe them): some fгiепds, mопу onjmo.Is,thrее.ьusеs

uncountoble nounsI ccrnnot Ье рluгсl: Ъkе mу odvjce (not сo\rjces)2 toke а slпgulоr чеrЬ: Thjs food js deJjcjous.3 con hcve some/muchl]itt]e Ье{оте them: some

Ьлестd, not muсh jnlormctjon, о ]itt]e hоmеrлrоrk.4 сqп use otheT wоrds to rеfет to quontity: о s]jce of

.Ьrеоd, opiece of рсrреr

ArticlesА(п), the and по articleА(п) is used with slпgгulоr countoble nouns qndintгoduces о new item of lnformction:

/ hоче сп jdeo.The is used with countcble ond uncountcble nouns, fогitems mentloned Ьеfоrе оr тrhеп the sресkеr ond listenerboth know whot they оге talking cbout:

тhеrеъ с mоusе jn fhe kjtchen. (The mouse is new butthe specrker cnd llsteneT know which kitchen.)

\Ц/е don't usе qn оrtiсlе Trlth plurcrl соuпtqЬlе cnduncountcble поuпs when we to]k cbout things in сgепегаI sense. Соmроте:

Musicicns don't еоrп muсh. (musicions in gепегаI)Music mokes реор/е feeJ.better. (music in geneTcl)The rnusic js too ]oud. (thls poTticulcr music which isplcying now)

Special чsеs of articlesThe ls used rMith

. oceons, sесrs ond riчеrs (the Block Seo, the Thomes).О rеgiопs (the south of Frопсе, the Fоr Eost).. grоuрs of islonds (the PhiJjppjnes).. nqmes of countrles thot include о wоrd like

republic, klngdom от stotes (the Unjted Stotes).О deserts qnd mountqin ronges (the AJps, the

КаJстhоrj Desert).

\Ме don't use the withо lckes (Lcke Gordc).о continents, most countries, stotes, clties, torMns qnd

villages (Еurоре, Florjdo, Еоmе).О buildings qnd locotions Trhich use q пqmе (/ohn

Lеппоп Аl'rролt, Е diпЬчr gh University).. mqny соmmоп expTessions: Ьу trainlbus, ct hоmе,

ot иrоrk, in hospitoJ, hоче Junch ldiппет, wotchte./evjsjon (bui Jjsten to the rodjo).

5о and such (а/ап)Sо clnd such mеqп'os muсh os this'.So is followed Ьу

l on odjectlve: G/obc/ wоrmiпg is so wоrгуiпgг.The gjroffes wе_ге so toJI thot you couJd see themс.Ьоче fhe trees.

2 сrп оdчегЬ: The Jjon соmе so close (thot) еуеIуопеwcs scored.

3 much, moпyсrпd fewwlth orwithouto noun:Тhеrе wеIе so mcnypeople (thot) тлzе couldn't see./ ofb so muсh (thot) / couJd hordJymove.

Sчсh is followed ЬуI c/on (+ adjective) + singulaг noun: It IMos sчсh ct

good IiIm (thot) I тлrспtеd to тлrсtсh it оgоiп./ hod such с sчгргfsе rлrhеп the doorbeJJ гспg.

2 (cdjective +) рIurсll noun: Тhеrе rл.еrе suchргоЬlеrпs (thot) we hod to ccnceJ the trф.1hcd such good гesults jn the test (thof) mуралепts gсче mе с Joptop.

3 (cdjectlve +) uncountqble поuп: The trip TMcs suchIuп,Thjs js such stTong glcss (thot) it wi]] пеvеr Ьrеоk.

4 о ]ot l о ]ot of (+ noun): Thеrе lмqs such с Jot to telJmу mчm (thot) l didn'tknow rмhеrе to stcrt.Му чпсlе hos such q lof of rпоп еу (thcJ) hе doesn'tkпоw whot to spend it оп.

Тоо and епоughЕпочgh meqns'sufflcient, the гight qucrntity'and foomеопs'mоrе than enough'. \Л/е use too cnd епоugh withcrdjectives, odverbs qnd nouns.Enough goes

1 Ьеfоrе о noun: 1ve got enough mопеу.2 сftеr cn crdjective,. I'm поt old enough to drjче.3 оftеr on оdчеrЬ: We didn't тчп quickly enough.

Тоо goes1 befoTe muсhlmопу + о поuп: /'ve got too rпчсh

hоrпеwоrk.2 befoTe on cdjective: /'m too уоuпg to drjve.3 befoTe qn qdчеrЬ: Не rоп too quickly for us to

cotch him.

GRAMMAR RЕгЕRЕ*", ЕП

liilll

l| t l

Verbs and expressions followed Ьу to-infinitive or -iпg form

VетЬ + to + infinitive, e.g. (con't) оffолd, оgrее,,эim,oppeoI, о.rrоп9е, cTttempt, decjde, demond, deseTye,foiJ, 1ог9еt, hope, Jеоrп, mqпоgrе/ оttеr, рlоп,рrеtепd,refuse, seem/ tend, (соп't) woit..

Yоu deserye to do иrеJ].She ргеtепdеd поt fo notice.

VеrЬ (+ obiect) + fo + infinitive, e,g. osk, choose,expect, heJp, intend, р-героIе, pToml'se, иrопt:

И/е expect to qггiуе Ьу 6,00.14/е expected them to wqit for us.

VеrЬ + obiect + to + infinitive, e.g. dоrе, епсоurоgе,fоrсе, jnvjie, олdеr, persuode, rеmlпd, teoch, teJJ, wоrп:

Му {riепd dcTed mе to jurnp ocross the riчеr.

Moke ond Jet оrе followed Ьу the infinitive without toond clways hqче on object:

/ rnode mу.Ьrоthел соrпе shopping with mе.

VеrЬs followed Ьу -ing foTm, e.g. ovojd, con't help,соп't stqnd, соIIу оп, consjder, deloy, djsJike, enioyfee] ]ike, finjsh, gjve uр, imоgiпе, invo]ve, keep/J<eepоп, mentlon, (поt) miпd, mjss, postpone, proctise, putofd suggest:

1 suggested рlау ing.bodm jnton jnsteod of tenn js.

I епjоу поt having muсh to do on Sundoys.

VeTbs cnd expressions ending in а prepositionalwoys toke -iпg:

/ gcve чр doing gymnostics whеп l huTt mу foot./ оm infeгested in Ьесоrпiпgr о fqshjon deslgner.

Some чеrЬs оте followed Ьу еlthеr the to-infinltive ог-lпg fоrm with little ог no dl{feTence in meoning, e.g.begjn, con't Ьеоr, continue, hote, ]jke, Jove, рrеfеr,ргороsе, stort:

1рrеfеr to shop l I рrcIеr shopping ot the mолkеt.! иzоuld Jjke, rлrоuJd рrеfеr cnd would /оче qrе cliMcysfollowed Ьу the to-lnfinltive.

Some чегЬs cqn Ье foIlowed Ьу the to-infinitive оr-lng but with о dj.fference in meaning, e.g. rеmеm.Ьеr,fоrgеt, mеоп, go оп, try, stop:

f,lеrпеrпЬег fo tслkе youT key s w ith you, (somethlngyou have to do)I геrпеrпЬеr taking mу keys with mе. (о mеmоту ofсr post oction)Тrу to walk fqster. (дttеmрt to do it i{ you con.)Тrу taking mоrе exercjse. (о suggгеstiоп оrexperiment)

Reported speechTensesWhen we rероrt whct someone sqid (direct speech, е.;:оm coJd), we оrе usuclly rероrtiпg some time ofter theoctuqi speech so \ме chonge the tenses used Ьу thesреоkег (rерогtеd speech, e.g. Не sojd he rмсs coJd.).

ргеsепt slmpleрrеsепt continuouswi]]js/omlore going toрrеsепt реrfесtpost simplepost continuousсопlmоу

post simplepost contlnuouswou]drмos/rMere golng topcrst регfесtpclst регfесtpcst реrfесt continuouscouldlmight

If the чеrЬ in direct speech is post perfect, we don'tchcrnge it. These чеrЬs don't chonge either when they =:rероrtеd: could, wоч]d, might, ought to ond used to.! Whgп we героrt must, we usuolly use hod to:

'1 rnust buy some new frojners.' г She sojd she hodto buy sоmе пеи/ trojners.

but we use must not hcd to when we rероrt о пеgоtir,э =q deduction:'Yоu mustn't feJJ Sоm.' n She sold иzе mustn't teJ]Scm.'Giч]iо must.be tjгеd.' ,n She sojd thct GjuJjo mus::€

tjгеd,

5ау and tellWe often use sау ond te11 to героrt speech:

Не said (thot)he wouJd Ье Jote.Не scid to mе (thqt)he wouJd Ье Jote. (not rlЬ-sсiэ-rrТе...)

Не told mе (thot)he иrоuld.Ье lofe. (not fffi-fo-r= -orfЫc#tfi:of ...)

Оthег Common rероrtiпg чегЬs qге odd, аgrее, qпSи,з_-expJojn ond rерJу. The to-infinitive is usuolly used оfiэ:them; Не promised/ogreed to -Ье quiet.

Reporting questionsWhen чrе герогt questions we don't use the question:::=of the чегЬ qnd thеrе is no question mсrrk.Questions with question rMoTds (who, whot, hоиr, etc,) <=4the question wогds when героrtеd:

Ноw do you {ее1? r Реtеr asked Тоm how he /eJt. чt.)

Questions we cqn опswеr with yes оr no оrе героrtеiwith jf оr иrhеthел:

'Do you Jrke mу пеrм shoes?' , ЛocheJ osked Тотт- iirмhеfhег hе Jiked hеr пеиr shoes.

,}

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

Relative clauses\Л/е use which, тл.hо, whеrе, whеп оr Tмhose to join twoideos obout cl thing ог thlngs:

Thjs is mу соmе_го, I hod it {оr mу birthdoy. It hosstopped иrоrklпgr.

} Thjs сOmеrо, which 1 hod fоr mу Ьirthdоу, hosstopped worklng. (not whr#-ffi-fur-m7Ь#+hdсу - \Ме use which lnsteod of jt.)

The pooJ whеге иrе usuoJJy sиrjm js cJosed todoy.

Тhеrе qrе two kinds of relotive clcruse: deflning сrnd non-defining.о Definlng Telctive clouses tell us essentiql infoгmqtion

qbout the things оr реорlе they геfеr to:

Тhе girl иrhо тмоп the competjtjon 1jves next dооrto mе. (If we rеmоче the undeTlined wогds, rMe

don't know which giгI is being described.)The shop иrhеrе 1.bought thjs 1qptotэ hos с so]e. (I{

we Iеmоче the underlined woTds, rMe don't knowwhich shop.)The .Ьоу rмhоsе fсthеr owns fhe ocroqe sold mеhis bicycJe. (If we rеmоче the under]ined woTds,we don't know which Ьоу.)

о Non-defining геlоtiче clouses tell us ехtrо informotioncrbout the thlngs оr people they геfет to:

Му Ыоthеr, иrhо js three уеогs оJdег thon mе, тлrопо соmреtitiоп уеstегdоу.Му bicycle, TMhjch 1 hочеп't hod чеrу Joncl, is toosmoJJ foT mе.(Тhе impoTtont iп{огmоtiоп is cbout thecompetition / size of the blcycle ond the undeTlinedwoTds оrе ехtrо infoTmotion - we don't needthem.)

Defining relative clausesI оте печеI sepcroted fTom the rest of the sentence Ьу

CommсIs:The Ьо9 which 1Jeft оп the.bus IMos печеI found.

2 often use thot insteqd of TMho от TMhjch:Who is the giTl thot you rлrеrе taJking to?ТhеrеЪ о пеи/ shop ln the vr1loge thct seJJscomputeT gomes.

3 often omit the ге],оtiче рIопоuп if it is the object ofthe чеrЬ in the Telotive сlоusе:Тhе ртоgrоmmе o.bout fomous scjentjsts (whichlfhct) / sоиr Jcst night иrоs rеоllу interestjng.(Тhе relotive clquse begins with с new subject (/) sowe cсln omit whjchlthot.)\Ме can soy:The bus whichlthot 1 usuolJy cqtch to schooJ didn'tсоmе todoy. оrThe bus / usuol/y cotch to schoo] djdn't соmе fodoy.Ьчt we keep the геlоtlче ргопоuп if it is the subjectof the чеrЬ in the rеlоtiче clquse:тhб scjentist иrhо тмqs оп Ти ]ost nlght rлrоrks rMithmу dod. (wcs rеfетs bock to the scientist so lMe con'tomit иrhо.)

#Non-defining relative clauses

I must Ье sерсrгоtеd frоm the геst of the sentence ЬуCommqS:SоmЪ grqппу, rлrhо Jjyes iп Switzer]ond, used to.beо chompjon skiеr.

2 печеr use tho1:

Му чпсlе, who js оп ссtог, often comes to stoy.not

З печег omit the relotive рIопоuп:Kotycl, whose {оmilу оIмп о rеstqurопt, is coming tothe{i]m rMjth us.

4 sometimes rеfеr to the whole of the mcin clouse:Му cousjns jn Conodo hoye jnvjted mе to spendthe summег with them, which is reoJJy fontostjc/(Тhе ideo of spending the summer ln Concdc isfcrntostic.)

Prepositions in relative clausesIn infoTmol sentences, we put the pTeposition ot the end:

ThоtЪ mу sister. The tеосhеr ls tolking to hеr.р ТhоtЪ mysjster who the teocher is toJkjng to.

Реtеr hcd о party. Не jnvjted mе to jt. /t rлrоs very good.l РеtегЪ party, which he jnvlted mе to, TMos чеrу good.

if the sentence is чегу fоrmоI, we cqn put the prepositionЬеfоrе the rеlоtiче ргопоuп:We wi]] cddress the ргоЬJеm to which you геfеr ot theschooJ councjJ meeting.

GRАммАR RЕFЕRЕ*"" Еil

е fitThis guide will help you рrероте fоrWTiting, Рсреr 2 of Combridge English:Fiгst fоr Schools. The ргссtiсе tosks ondmodel GrrswеIs will help you to see whqt isexpected ond what mokes о good спswеr to

the wTitl"ng tosks.

Тhеrе сrrе two раrts to the writing рареI,which lqsts one hоur qnd 20 minutes.

Writing Part ]о Thls is compulsoTy. You hcve to wгitе

120-150 wогds.о In PcTt 1 you аrе guided thrоugh the

tosk Ьу the instгuctions qnd notes.. Allow five minutes for reoding crnd

plonning, ond 25-З0 minutes fоrwriting.

Writing Part 2о This hos с choice of fоur questions.

you hcve to rMrlte one опswеr of120-1В0 wогds.

о In PaTt 2 you hсrче to choose уоurquestion, crnd then pian it youTself.

. Allow five minutes fог choosing уоurquestion crnd plonning it ond З0

minutes foT writing.

Lecrve ten minutes ot the end of the ехсrmiоr checking the gTommсrT, spelling andpunctuatlon of уоuг wогk.

Email or letter(See Units 1 and 4, pcges 12 ond З6.)

Planningо Reod the instructions, emoil от letteT ond moke surе you

о

a

uпdеrstqпd the situotion.Decide whetheT the wтitеr of the emoil оr letter is с frlend, оstrсrпgгег от someone else.Decide оп уоuI style (fоrmсхl, semi-foTmo} оr lпfоrmоl).

Look ot the fouт prompts qnd mqkе sule you understond w}:=you hcve to writе fог еqсh one.

practice task and model answerI Reod the instructions cnd the emcil ond qnswer the

questions.

I Who is the emcrll frоm cnd whcrt is уоuг гelotionship to the

wгitет?2 WhCIt is the emcil obout?3 Is the styb foTmol/semi-formoliinformcl? Which phrcrses shс;г

thls? UndeTline them.4 Which style should you rерlу in?

Yоur class wants to hold а sale of unwanted books and games to raisemопеу for the local children's hospital. You have asked уочr Englishteacher, Mrs Grainger, to help you. Read Mrs Grainger's email and thеnotes уоч have made. Тhеп write а rерlу to Mrs Grainger, using all уо-яnotes.

Hi ечеrуопе,

|'m really pleased you've decided to have а sale of

уоUr old books and games to raise mопеу fоr the local

children's hospital. l'll Ье hqpg to help you.

The head teacher has said we сап hold the saleFridау after school, as you suggested, and that we сап

set up the tables for the sale either iп the school hall or

Also, l think you might raise mоrе mопеу at the sale if

you sold some drinks and snacks fоr students to buy.

|'m surе еvеrуопе will help with setting up the sale, but

сап уоч also stay to сlеаr чр afterwards?

Е WRITINGGUIDE

Find the four prompts from the email in the Ьохbelow. Underline them.

Yеэ| Greah|

GооL\

Ме too!

what о fcntostjc jdeo/Itb grеоt you cen ...

WопdетIч] петлzs/I wcs pleosed to hесr ...

Thonks fоr ogreeingr to ...

Thonkyou чеIу much fоr ...

Thonks {от inviting mе to...Stqting opinionоr ртеfегепсе

GLve орLrriюп

ExpLain

TuLL Х (whкh

arrd шhg)

Sад иоhlсh avrd

lпmу opinionlview,Fот mе ... /As fоr mе,I think l.beJjeve l {ее] thot ...

/'d рrеfеr to ... l l'd лоthеr ...

/ ргеfеr -iпg to -iпg/t wouJd.be.betfer fo ...

Giving гёсrsопs Yеэ/по,

Ьесацэе ...

I'd ]ike to l I wont to ...

becouse l think it wi]] Ьеinferestrng l gTeot fчп lenioyobJe.Sоrrу, I'd 1оче to ..., Ъut I'veоJrеоdу отrапЕrеd to ...

I'm oIroid l сqп't.Ьесоusе...

Suggestingandrесоrпmепdiпg

SuggesL ...,

Rесоmmепd ....

1suggest ...-iпg.Whу don'twe ...?HorM o.bout ...-iпg?We соч]d o1TMoys...Whу поt tTy ... -iпg?I'd лесоmmепd... -jng.

I'm rеоllу sоrrу but ...

Sоrrу for (поt) ...-iпg.I'd Like to opo/ogise for(not)..,-ing.

McHngгеquеsts ondof{eTs

Аsk Х to ...

Oller Lo ...

Do you thinkyou cou]d...?Could you posslbJy...?CouJd you,..,pJecse?/ couJd ... i{ you'd Jjke mеto.

Соп 1... fоr you?ShaJJ 1 ...?

Wou]d you Jike me to...?Askingquestions

Ask Х аЬоиt ... , Соп Ilwe ..,?

Do llwe ...?

ShouJd Ilwe...?Do тпrе hоче to ...?Do you kпоw if lwhetheT lwhеп...?Соп you te]] mе if lrлrhеthеr lwhеп.,.?

3 Now recd this cqndidcte's спswеr cnd thepoints below it. Answer the questions injfcljcs.

Dеаг Мгs Gгаiпgег,

Thank you чегу muсh fог saying you will help us wф оuгbook and gаrпе ýale. Nопе of цs have огgапisеd а saleЬеfоге, sо we геаl|у пееd sоmе help.

l think itwould Ье Ьеtгег to hold the sale in the gагdеп,

Ьесаusе the wеаthег is suппу. lfthe stцdепts getthechance to hапg агоuпd and chat oцtside, they might Ьuу

rпоге books апd gаmеý/

l think we shoцld оffьг ечегуопе sоrпе cold sоlг dгiпks;we'll make mоге mопеу thatway. We could оffег sоmесаkеэ and ЬisсцЬ too. Регhарs sоmе offhe stцdепtsdoing а саfегiпg соцгsе could make sоrпе апd selltlremwith the dгiпks?t'm Teally sоггу, Ьцt l won'f Ье able to stay уегу long аftегthe sale, l've gof а рiапо lеssоп оп Fгidау at+.ls. t'll helpwifh ечегуthiпg else though.

Besf wishеs

]оаппа ;

iLý*T:ý,* _. ,.,,,_r,yrye**:.}nsr*|*.****i

This is с good qпswеI becquse Jоqппо hosо undeгstood the situqtion соrгесtlу.. responded to о11 fouT notes in an орргорriоtе

woy and in on oppTopTiate style.о exponded on ct ieost two of the notes. How

hos she dопе this?о used с good rсtпgе of чеrЬs qnd veTb fоrms.

Whiсh ones? UnderJjne fhem.. Ьеgгuп сrnd ended hег терlу орргоргiоtеIу.

Beginning and ending ап email or letterYоu сqп begin cnd end emoils ond letteгs in thеSqme lмсIy.

InfoTmol style: writlng to о close fгiend, qпоthегyoung реIsоп, ог q mеmЬеr of уоur familyBegln with: HeJJo, Нl' оr DeoT + first поmеEnd wlth: Best TMjshes, A]]the best, Lоче

Sеmi-fогmоl/fотmоl style: writing to on оJ.dегpelson you don't knowBegin with: Dеог + MTlMrslMiss + surпстmеEnd with: Yours от Yоurs sjnceлeJy + уоur full пqmе

Неrе сге some рhгоsеs to siort уоur email/Ietter:Iпfогmоl : Grеоt n eTмs/ideo/p ]оп ! I' rп reoJJy p.Ieosed{оr you!Sеmi-fогmq1: It wcs grеаt to heoT Iтоm you. lThonks so muсh {оr youT invitotion. l I'm теоllуJookl'ng fоrrлrоrd to ...

WRITING GUIDE Г

шill l1

Fоrmсrl: / wos pJecsed to rесеjче уочт еmоi]lJetter cTbout ...

Some рhтсrsеs to end уоur emcil/letteT:Iпfотmсrl: I've got to dosh поw. lТhоtЪ о]] fоrпоw.Sеmi-{оrmсl: 14/гjtе soon. / Looking forwcTdto sееlпЕr уоu soon. l Give mу best иrjshes toyouT fоmilу.Fоrmql: 1-look fоттмогd to heoTjng fTom youogoinlsoon.

You hcTve q cholce of fоur questions in Рсrt 2

and you only hove to qпswеr one of them.Questions 2, З ond 4 wi]l Ье thTee of these:stоrу, rечlеw, rероrt, огtiс].е, infoTmcl lеttег,eSSoy.

Questlons 5А ond 5В wi1l Ье on the chosenset texts/fiims. They mоу Ье in the fоrm о{

on essoy/ оrtlсlе, rеротt, letteT оr Tevlew. Youshould only ottempt one of these questions ifyou hove studied the rеlечопt book.

Choosing уочr question and planningуочr апswеrReod thrоugh the questlons cInd decidewhich one you wont to qnswelAvoid о question if:

. you don't undeTstond it, ог qIе unsurecbout whot you must do.

. уоu don't hove the necesscryvoccbulary.

. уоu don't hcve enough ldeqs to writeqbout.

When you hcve chosen the question:О undeTline the lmportont words in it.. get уоur ideos tоgеthег qпd moke

о plon. Yоu сqп do this os о mqр огdiоgгаm, оr simply о llst of points.Тhеге ls an ехсmрlе of thls on рсgге64.

О do not stoTt writj.ng until you hqче qсIеоr plon to wоrk fTom.

Stоrу(See Unit 2 ро9ге 20.)practice task and model апswеrl Recd the exam question below and underline the importcnt

words. Then answer the questions.

I Whо ls the stоrу fоr? Whеrе wiII itЬе rеаd?

2 Очеr whot period of time does thestory take рlссе?

3 Do the events in the stогу hqче toЬе positive? Wеrе they plcrnned оr not?

Your English teacher has asked уоч to write а story for the schoolwebsite.Your story must begin with these words:I was expecting to have а чеrу quiet day, but it turned out to Ьеexactly the opposite.Write your story.

2 Now recd th.is ccndidcte's cnswer cnd the points below it.Апswеr the questions in itclics.

How we Ьесаrпе local hегоеsl was expecting to have а чегу quiet day, but ittuгпеd оцttо Ье exactly theорроsitе. lt wаs Заtqгdау mогпiпg апd l wаs геаdiпg sleepily when the рhопегапg.'Соmе quickly, 3аm, l need уоuг he|p1' ltwas rпу Ьеэtfгiепd Gеогgе, sot соцldп't геfцsе. 'Whеге аге уоu?' t asked. 'l'm at hоmе, watching the hоusеорроs-ttе thгоugh mу Ьiпосulагs. Соmе qиickly, thгоugh the back gагdеп.'

t гцshеd гоuпd. Gеогgе told mе thеге wаs а гоЬЬегу going оп. А lагgе van

had dгiчеп up and the ТV апd all the kttchen equipment wеге being геmоуеd. 'Вит

Gеогgе, thегеЪ а muсh эimрlег explanation,' l said impatiently. 'They mцst Ьеmочiпg hоцsе,"Dоп'tЬе silly/You know 3imопЪ iп оцг сlаss. Це woцld hаче sаi:sоmеthiпg if his family had Ьееп mочiпg/' l геаlisеd he wаэ гight

Зо we рhопеd the police, who аггiуеd чегу гарidlу. ЗimопЪ рагепts wеге sогеliечеd and happy that we had stорреd the Ьuгglагу thatthey took цs оutfог а

pizza that night Апd Ьу Monday we wеге fаmоцs, Ьесацsе оuг рiсtuге арреагеdinthe рарег цпdегthе heading'Local hегоеs/', [188 мrогds]

This is сr good опswеr becсruse:о the stогу follows well fгоm the ргоmрt sentence, ond it ls еоý

to follow whot hоррепs.О lt is сlесф orgonised, divided into роrоgгорhs ond well

punctucrted.О the condidcte hos used seveTcl dlffеrепt pcst tenses чегу

effectively. Which ones? UnderJjne them.о the stоrу contoins some direct speech. Highlightjt, Iйhо js

speokjng опdwhу js jt effectjve hеrе?О the ccndidote hos used о good rспgе of чосоЬulогу ond

expгesslons. UnderJjne some thot you think qrе effectjve.о the condidcte has given the stоrу о title. \Л/hу?

Е *RITINGG'IDE

Review(See Unit З poge 2З.)Reviews mоу Ье on q wide lсrnge of topics, ond not juston films ог books.

practice task and model answer1 Recd the exam question below cnd underline the

important words. Then cnswer the questions.

I Who is the гечlеw fог?2 Whеге will it Ье Teod?З Whclt soTt of website do you hove to write obout?4 Do you hove to Tecommend lt?

You have seen this notice in an English-language internetmagazine for teena9ers.

Reuierps Wапtеd! }ly lачочlitе website ,

Have you got а favourite website that you spend аlot of time оп?

write us а review of it. Describe the website,explain why you spend а lot of time оп it and saywhether you would rесоmmепd it to other people.

The best reviews will Ье posted in the magazinenext month,

write vour review.

it is well-linked. Uпdеr]jпе the linking иrогds ondphroses.it contqins diffeгent чеrь tenses . which ones?UnderJjne them.it contqins с good rсrпgе of vocabuloTy crboutmusic crnd websites. Higrhllghf sоmе.

2 Now reod this ccndidate's cnswer cnd the pointsbelow it. Answer the questions in jtoJjcs.

Му fачоuгitе websiteThe bestwebs|lg t have Ьееп оп is called ЦltimаtеGuitаг,соm. l

sрепd lots of time оп it Ьесацsе l'm lеагпiпg to play the еlесtгiсguitаг and ечегуthiпg l need is оп this site.

lt has гечiеws of a|l kinds of guitаг mцsiс, which mеапsjаzzand classical as well as рор, госk апd sо оп, sо thеге (s sоЙеthiпgfог diffегепttаstеs. tп addition, thеге is always пеws and gоssiраЬоцt well-known guifагists, And Ьеttег still, thеге аге геаllу goodiпtегуiеws to watch, with госk stагs, classical guitагists апd so оп.Цоwеуег, the mostfantasticthing aboutthe site is thatyou сапdownload tabs fог all уоuг fачоuг'rtе guttаг mцsiс fгоm h lt has allthe fаmоus гiffs and they add new mцsiс ечегу week. lt's suсh а

рорulаг fеаtuге thаtthеге is sometimes а quеuе fог downloading l

sеt it up Ьеfоге school, so it's thеге when l get home.l loye this wеЬэ(tе, and t u,,9ц|Д гесоmmепd itto оthег gиitаг

fапs, especially if they аге рlауегs thеmsеlуеэ. And ечеп ii уоudon't play, l'm suге уоu will find it iпtегеstiпg/II84 wordsl

This is о good qпswеI becquse:о the condidote hcs declt rмith o1l the points,

giving о сIесr description of the website ondrесоmmепdiпg lt.

о it is well огgапisеd ond сlеотlу divided intoрстгоgrсrрhs.

Report(See Unit 5 pclge 45.)RepoTts сqп Ье on q wlde Iqnge of topics, but they сrеdesigned so thot you сqп опswег them frоm youI ownknorMledge cnd регsопо1 expeTience. No specioiisedknowledge, invented stotistics от теfегепсеs toquestionnciIes оI sulveys ате expected.

practice task and model апswеrl Recd the excm question below ond underline the

important words. Тhеп cnswer the questions.

I Who ls the геротt fоr?2 HorM mапу points qrе theTe to сочеr?3 Con you writе qbout ony town?

А group of English students is coming to study at уочrschool. Yочr teacher has asked you to write а report forthem оп your local town. You should include informationabout what there is to see in the town, what shops thеrеare and what you think they will like about the town.Write

2 Now reqd this ccndidote's cnswer cnd the pointsbelow it. Answer the questions in jtcJjcs.

Rерогt оп the tоwп of PisaЦtiеdцlt|sоРisа is а чегу old histогiс town. Тhеге is also sоmе iпdustгу iп theагеа, which ргочidеs еmрlоуmепtfог |ocal people who do поtwогkin tоцгism.

тцпgstцэесThe mоstfаmоus sight iп mу town is the LеапiпgТоwег ofPisa, which is huпdгеds of уеагs old and геаllу Ьеаutifиl. On thesame 'Field of Мiгасlеs уоu also haye а саthеdгаl, and two чегуiпtегеstiпg mцsеums fo ехрlоге. Тhеге аге also some аtlгасtiуеgагdепs пеаг the гiуег. tп the old рагt oftown, пеагlу ечегу buildingis wогth looking at although sоmе ofthem need геstогiпg.gМррrпстhеге is опе long stгееt wifh shорs and а dерагtmепt эtоге.3оmе ofthe shops аге expensive dеsigпег places, Ьцtthеге агеalso сhеарег stогеs selling clothes fог уоuпg people, апd somemагkеts whеге уоu can buy геаl Ьагgаiпs like shоеs, bags andjеwеllегу,

whаtрцдillедiруPisa is а fгiепd|у place and уоuпg people sрепd а lot of timejustwalking and chaffing with thеiг fгiепds and going to оutdоогсаfёs.Yоц will find the аtmоsрhеге чегу геlахiпg.

[1Вб мrоrds]

WRITING GUIDE Е

/illr r

This is о good Gпswеr becquse:о the condidote hos deolt with о1] the

points in the question.о it is well оrgапisеd uпdеr diffeTent

heodlngs, wrth qп introductlon, qndone hеqdiпg fоr each of the polnts.\Л/hоt js the condidote do:'ng iп theintToductian?

о it hqs qn сррrорIiсrtе rопgе ofvocobulory reloted to the town cndshopping. UnderJjne some.

о it is suitoble foT students.Why?

Article(See Unit б poge 49.)

Articles сап Ье on G чеrу wi.de Tonge oftopics, qnd сqп include some thot qrе notfound in otheT question types, such crs

соlоurs оr floweTs. HoweveT, you wi11 olsofind orticles on topics thot you do find inоthеr question types, fоr ехоmрlе, sport,fTiends оr food. You cqn use о mоте livelyond personol style in on qгtiсlе thqn in someof the оthеr Роrt 2 questions, ond lncludequestions and omuslng comments if youwish.

practice task and model answerl Read the ехсm question below cnd

underline the importont words. Thencnswer the questions.

I Whеrе will the oTticle орреоr?2 Whо wiII rесd lt?3 Do you hove to use the thrее

suggestions?

you see this announcement in aninternational teenage ma9azine.

Write your article.

2 Now read this candidcte's cnswer cnd the points below it.Answer the questions in itcJics.

Whatthe mооп mеапs fo mе ..,

The mооп has Ьееп imрогtапttо hurпапs since ргеhistогiсtimеs. l spend hоuгslooking atthe night sky, the mооп, and the stагs. l loye the rпооп, еsресiаllуwhen it is full апd Ьгight That's not Ьесацsе l Ьеliече in чаmрiгеs and оthег sсаг,things that аге supposed to арреаг when the mооп is full, Ьut Ьесаusе it is опе t

of the mоэt beautiful things |'уе еуег seen/That is whatthe mооп mеапs to mе - l

beauty. i

Looking atthe mооп аlsо mаkеs пе think аЬоцtthе аstгопацts who landed thеге l

in the ]?OOs, sо the mооп соппесts mе to space tгачеl апd scientific ргоgгеss. r l

hаче еуеп геаd sсiепсе fiction stогiеs аьоцt hиmапэ living оп the rпооп, Ьцt ho*wоцld we Ьгеаfhе? We wоцld haye to liye iп ап агtiflсiаl аtmоsрhеге, which woulaье hоггiьlе.Гiпаllу, the mооп also геmiпds mе of chi|dhood stогiеs. Тhеге wеге оllеп рiсtuгеs .of the mооп iп them, with сцtе liffle апimаls looking uр at itl Now l'm оldег, l'чеhеагd all the old songs аЬоцtthе mооп, and lоче апd гоmапсе, and оfсоцгsе l'че

геаd роеms аЬоцt it too ,...

[1В9 woTds]_]

This is с good qпswег becouse:о the ccndidote hоs qпsrмеrеd the questlon well, uslng some о:

the suggestions.о lt ls well plonned ond divided into ротаgгrорhs. HorM? Writе t:-=

сопdjdсtеЪ pJon.с it contqins different чеrь tenses . which ones? underljne ihеrг.

lnformal letter(See Unit 7 poge 57.)

IпfоrmоI letteTs usuolly cTsk you to give informotion ond opinionsto о friend who is doing о pToject от wqnts odvice. You should notrMTite q long lntroduction wlth lots of news crnd chot, but go stroightlnto the moin topic. The topic wiII Ье somethlng connected to уоuгknowledge of уоur orMn country andioT peTsonol expeTience.

practice task and model апswеr1 Recd the excm question below cnd underline the importont

words. Then cnswer the questions.

I Whо is golng to геqd уоur lеttеr?2 Con you lMгite crbout ony city?3 You hqче to writе obout the hlstoTy of the city. Can you writе

qbout onything else?

This is part of а letter you have received from your English friendHannah. Read the letter and write your reply.

. . . апd wo'ro doing а project 0п oopital oities iп hry history olass. Соиld уоиwrito апdtоll пе еоmоthiиg аЬоut уоиr copitol oity ond itз history arrd whqt уо{would rосоппепd 0 tоиrist froп aпothor оOипtrу to visit?Thanks 0 lot - ond write sооп.

Bsst wiзhgs, Hcttttoh

Write your letter,

fu *RITINGG'IDE

2 Now recd this candidote's onswer qпd the pointsbelow it. Answer the questions in jtciics.

Dеаг Цаппаh,Yоuг histогу ргоjесt sounds fascinating/Рагis has а long апd iпtегеstiпg histогу, going back to Rоmапfimes, The oldest рагt is the lle de la Ctte, whеге the Rоmапsfiгst setiled, апd thеп the Ггепсh kings builtthe Заiпtе-Chappelle, the Сопсiегgегiе ргiьоп and the wопdегfцlсаthеdгаl оfNоtге Dаmе thеге а thоцsапd уеагs lаtег. Тhезе |

mопцmепtý аге still thеге, Ьцtiп the nineteenth сепtuгу аfаmоцs агсh[tесt called Вагоп Цацэsmапп pulled down mапу of lthe hоцsеs агоцпd them to make way fог new buildings which

.

еуегуопе now thinks of as being typical of Рагis. ',

t fhink the опе place you muьtsее is the Lоиуге, Веfоге fhe '|,

tгепсh Rеуоlцtiоп it wаэ а гоуаl palace; it's а fantastic building, .

апd it contains the fаmоus рiсtuге of the Мопа Lisa, and ]

wопdегful stаtцеs, The Lоиуге is епогmоus; thеге is too muсh :

to sее in а lifetime/ Whеп уоu аге tiгеd, уоu сап always go to I

the Latin Qцагtег, the эtцdепf агеа whеге thеге аге lots of I

lifГleгеsfaцгаnts,oгwalkbythebеаutifulгiyeг3еinеаndlookatthe yiews of the Г.iffеlТоwег fгоm а рачеmепt саfё.Bestwishes,Апdгеа

[19l woTds] .l

This is с good qпswеI becouse:о the condidcrte hqs сrпswегеd the question weIl,

writing in on inteтesting мrоу obout the copitolcity, its histoгy ond ploces to visit. UndeTJjne thehjstoгl'coJ focts mentjoned ond highlight the pJocesyou сап vlsit.

О the lеttег ls weII oгgonised ond divided lntoроrоgгарhs, qпd sentences qrе weII stTuctured.

о the condidcrte hcs stoTted ond ended the lеttеrwith friendly рhгоsеs. UпdеrJiпе them.

Essay(See Unlt В poge 64.)Essoys olwcys osk you to give уоur opinion, ond youwill need to give exomples to suрроrt уоuг ideos ondto exploin whу you hold these vlews. Sometimes it'shelpful to exploin vierMs thot you disogree with ondgive reosons foT youT disogreement. You wiII Ье obleto опswег the question frоm уоur own knowledge ondехреriепсе. No speciolised knowledge is rеquirеd.practice task and model апswеrl Becd the excm question below cnd underline the

importcnt words. Тhеп qпswеr the questions.

1 Whо is the essoy fоr?2 Do you hove to wTite obout both languoges ond

science subjects?

Con you write qbout ony оthеr subjects?Con you soy onything you like in the conclusion?

You have had а discussion in your English class aboutschool subjects. Now уоur teacher has asked you to writean essay answering this question for homework:Is it mоrе usefu/ to study several foreign /anguages оr tostudy severa/ science subjects at schoo/?Write your essay.

2 Now reod this condidcte's onswer ond the pointsbelow it. Апswеr the questions iп jtclics.

l wоцld like to stагt mу еssау Ьу saying that whеthег lапguаgеsог sciences аге mоге usеful dерепdэ чегу muсh on whafjob уоuwou|d like to do. lf уоu wапt fo Ье а dосtог ог а пuгýе, ог а gгеаtiпуепtог, оfсоцгsе уоu will need to study science subjectB, like

'biology, physics and сhеmistгу, Цоwеуег, t would аг8uе thаtthегегеаllу iэп't muсh point iп studying sсiепсе subjects if уоu аге

','

Оп the оthег hand, lеагпiпg lапguаgеs is alwayý цsеfцl, whаtеуег 11

job уоu want to do in the futцге, апd whаtеуег subject уоu wantto study at uпiчегsф Of соцгsе, Епgliэh is чегу useful Ьесацsеso mапу people speak it Ьut оthег lапgиаgеs, like 3рапiэh and

]

Сhiпеэе, аге аlзо Ьесоmiпg чегу imрогtапtТhегеfоге, l wоцld like to сопсludе Ьу saying that ideally, ечегуопе ,

should otudy ýеуегаl fогеigп lапguаgеэ, simply Ьесаuзе they ,,

аге usеful in ечегуjоЬ. lt is good to study sсiепсе as well, Ьutпоt mапу people will Ьесоmе ехрегts iп it Fог mапу people, апdthat iпсlцdеs mе, sсiепсе beyond а сегtаiп level iэ чегу difficult,although itЪ good to hаче а basic knowledge.

]]

[199 words] ".,.,i

This is о good сrпswеr becouse:о the ccndidote hos onswered the question well,

tolking qbout both science subjects cnd fоrеlgп1onguoges.

О it is we1l oTgcrnised into pcrrogTophs. How? WTitethe сопdjdоtеЪ рlоп.

о the condidote hqs соmе to о definite conclusion.Whot is it?

О it is eosy to reod qnd well-linked. UпdеrJjпе theJinking phroses.

Set textsТhеrе is one question on еqсh of two set texts. ./ou mоуqnswel the question fгоm youT knowledge of the book,от о film bosed on the book. Fоr this question you needknowledge of the book оr film, the mсriп сhqгосtегs qпdthe moin events of the stoTy. You mоу Ье osked to wгiteqп essqy, огtiсlе, lеttег, rероrt оr rечiеw, olthough essqysсrrе the most соmmоп.Тhе book tltles chonge еvеrу two уесrrs, qnd informqtioncon Ье found on the cEsol website(www.cqmbridgeeso1.oTg).

3

4

WRITING GUIDE Щ

щсрргоссh n а wcy of doing something

odj = q61""1i r", odv = оdчеrЬ, п = поuп, у = чеrЬ,

ри = phTosol veTb, ргер = preposition, ехр = expTesslon

Note: Тhеге is spoce fоr you to wгitе оthег тмогds you Mrouldllke to 1еогп.

срргочсl п when you think thot someihing ог someone isgood ог Tight

сггоgспt odj believing thot you оге Ьеttег thon оthег реорlе

ct cll ехр in ony woy от of ony type (used to moke negotivesond questions stгопgеr)

ct lcst ехр finolly

ct lecst ехр Gs muсh os, ог mоге thon, о пumьег ог omount

ct once ехр lmmediotely

Ье put off ри to hcve уоur ottentlon token owoy fгоmsomething уоu оге doing

believe in ,r to Ье confident thct something is effective ondгight

bold odl Ьгоче

сеlеьrсtе у to have о рогtу ог о nice mеql becouse it is оspecioi day ог something good hos hoppened

community n the реорlе living in о рогtiсulог огеа

dcylight п the поtuгсI light frоm the sun duTlng the doy

demqnd и о strопgг геquеst оr need fоr something

depend оп у to need the hеlр ond support oJ someone оrsomething

doubtlul odj If you оте doubtful obout somethlng, you огеuпсегtсiп obout it,

есgег odj Tronting to do оr hоче somethlng чёгу much

епегgеtiс od; hoving огпееdiпgо lot of eneTgy

expect (sоmеопе to do something) ч to thlnk thot sоmеопеshould behove ln о рогtiсulог lмoy ог do а рогtiсulог thing

fогmсl odj not cosuol, officiol

get сwоу with pv to succeed in ovoiding punishment foT

something

impatient odj If you оге impotlent, you gгеt спgrу with реорЬмrhо mcke mistokes оr you hcte Tмoiting {оr things.

irгitсtеd odi onnoyed

ieclous odj not hoppy becouse уоu wont somethlng thatsomeone else has

mcke cr соmрсrгisоп ехр to соmроге two оr mоrе things

ргоmрt n о note Trhich helps оr ossists in о task

геliечеd odj feeling hорру becouse something bod did nothорреп

significant od,l imрогtопt

ýpot n о рlосе

thrilling.odl чегу exciting

tгcdition n о custom оI woy of behaving thot hоs continuedfоr о long time in о gtгоuр of реорlе

wеiгd odl чеrу stTange

Му wогds

Е woRDLIsT

@cccidental odj Ьусhапсе

сdчепtчгочs odj liking io trу new ог difficult things

aggressive odj ongTy ond violent tоwqrds апоthеr реrsоп

cttempt n when уоu trу to do something

сwсrе od; knowing obout something

ЬесrсЬlе odj If on unplecsont situotion is ЬеотоЬlе, you сGпoccept оr dеql with it.

clumsy odj Clumsy реорlе move in а wcy thot is notcontrolled ог соrеful, ond o{ten knock ог domcge thlngs.

conlidence n rMhen уоu оге сегtоiп of уоur obility to do thingswel]

сопsidегсЬlе odj loTge ог importont enough to hcve on effect

сопtгочегsiсl odj cousing с lot of disagreement ог оrgumепt

сочгссJеоцs cdj Ьгоче

decisive odj moking declsions quickiy ond eosily

dеsiгсЫе odl If something is desiToble, it is чеrу good огottroctlve ond most реорlе TMould wont it.

disсрресгспсе п when someone оr something suddenlygoes sоmеwhеrе ond is impossib}e to see ог {ind

discster п о чеrу bod situatlon, especioliy something thotcouses о lot of hогm ог domcge

drсw cttention to ехр to Ьгlпg people's notice to something

ехрlоrег n someone who tгсчеls to ploces whеrе no one hcsечег been in огdеr to find out whot is thеге

lчriочs odj veTyongTy

get into tгочЬlе ехр to get into ргоЬlеms ог difflculties, от toЬе punished fог something

highlight и to emphasise sоmеthiпgг от moke реорlе noticesomething

hold уочr brecth ехр to stop bTeothing

industricl odj connected wlth industгy

iпjчгу п domoge to someone's body

iudgement п the obility to fогm voluoble opinions ond mokegood decisions

logiccl odj using геоsоп

mуstегiочs odi stгспgе ond not expicined оr undeгstood

optimistic odj olwoys thinking that good things will hoppen

pгedictcble odj hoppening оr behoving in о woy ihot youexpect ond not unusuol оr inteгesting

гсрid odj hoppening оr mочiпgг чеrу quickly

геmсrrkсЬlе odi чеrу unusuol in о rMoy thot you оdmiге

гчгсl odj reloting to the countгyside ond not to towns

чпiчегsсl adj геlоtiпg to eveTyone ln the wогld, ог toечеrуопе in о роrtiсulог gггоuр

wсrпiпg п something thot te]ls оr shoмrs уоu thot somethingbod mоу hарреп

Му words

WORDLIST Е

щcppecl v to оttгGсt ог inteгest Sоmеопе

Ье supposed to (do something) и to have to, should (do

something)

ccst п oI1 the осtогs in о Jllm ог рlоу

сhсгсrсtег п о реrsоп in о book, iilm, etc.

contoin у ]f one thing contoins onothe1 lt has it lnside it.

costume n oli the clothes thot you rмеот ot the some time,usuolly speciol clothes

dеtегmiпеd odj wonting so much to do something thot youkeep tгуiпg чегу hогd

diгесtiоп n the сопtгоl of с Jilm, рlоу, etc.

distinguish у to see оr undeTstcnd the diffeгences betTreentwo реорlе, ldeos, ог thlngs

emotion п о stгопg feellng suсh os love оr ongeT

exceptioncl odi чегу good cnd betteT thon most оthеr реорlеог things

hcve tгочЬlе (doing something) ехр to expeTience di{{lcultiesin doing something

hего п the moin сhогосtеr in о book ог fi]m

impгessive odj Someone оr something thot is imрrеsslчеmokes you оdmirе ond геsресt them.

iustice п tгеоtmепt of реорlе thot is foiT

lугiсs п the wогds of о song

outstcnding adj excellent ond much betteT thon most

peгsonclity n the quolities thot moke one регsоп differentfгоm опоthег

plcy с рагt ехр to toke о гоlе in о film, рtау, etc.

plot п the things that hoppen in о stоrу

ргоdчсег n someone TMho сопtrоls how о film, рlоу,рrоgггоmmе, ог musicol гесогdiпg is mode

гессtiоп п something you soy, feel, оr do becouse ofsomething thot hos hoppened

гечiеw n о рlесе of wTitlng in о пеwsрорег thot glives onopinlon qbout о new book, fllm, etc.

гоmспtiс comedy п о fi]m T,h;,ci: ccпibines о comedy with оlove stогу

schedule п с plon thot te].],s ус; TTi:en:hings will hoppen

script п the words in о filrn, рiс-у, эiс.

set n the рlосе мrhеге о film ог pio-y is регfоrmеd ог гесогdеdond the рiсtuгеs, furпituге, етс. ihct сге used

shot п о shогt piece in о film in TThich thеrе is о single octionог о shoTt sегiеs of octions

specicl effects n on unusuol фре of oction in о fllm, оr qпentertoinment on stage, cIeoted Ьу using speciol equipment

stcnd out pv to Ье чегу noticeoble

stunt п тмhеп someone does something dопgегоus thot needsgrеоt sk111, usually in о Jilm

symbol ri о sign ог object thot is used to meon something

Му wогds

Е *ORDLI'T

@cthletics nthTowing

the sports rMhich include гuппiпgг, jumping ond

(с) bclcnced diet ехр о diet thot contoins the right omounts of

di{feTent types of food

benefit ч to hove а helpfui оr good effect on someone orsomething

benelit п о helpful оr good effect

convenience п rMhen something is eosy to use ond suitoblefoT whot you wcnt to do

curiosity n the feeling of wcnting to know оr ]есгп cboutsomething

dесогсtiоп n when you moke something look mоте ottroctive

Ьу putting things on it, оr something thot you use to do this

dеfепdег n someone in о sports teom Mrho tгiеs to ргечепt the

оthег teom fгоm sсоriпgг points, gools, etc.

division n Mrhen something is sерогоtеd into poTis от gгIоuрs

equclity n when ечегуопе is equo1 ond hos the someгights, etc.

gепегоsitу n the quclity о{ being gгепеrоus

get involved in ехр to tcke рагt in something

independence n when someone looks о{tег themselves onddoes not need help {гоm оthег реорlе

iп{оrm<rl adj suitoble fоr when you оге with fTiends оr fomily,but not fог officiol occosions

keep fit ехр to геmоiп heolthy ond stгопg, usuolly os а Tesult

of ехеrсisе

lcp n one jоurпеу oround о госе trock

mогtiql qrts п sрогts thot оrе tToditionol ]oponese ог Chinesefогms of fighting оr defending yourself, e.g. judo, kоrоtе

opponent п someone who you compete ogoinst in о gome ог

competition

pctience п when you Gге сЬlе to stoy colm cnd not get опgгу,especiclly when something tokes о 1ong time

penclty п in sрогts, on odvontoge gгiчеп to с teсm when the

оthег team hos Ьrоkеп о rulе, e.g. in footboll, о kick stToight

ct the gool

pitch п on Gгео of ground whеrе о sрогt is ployed

potenticl odj А potentiol рrоЬiеm, еmрlоуеr, рсгtпег, etc. moyk;ecome one in the futuге, clthough they оrе not one nolM.

ргоdчсtiоп n the ргосеss of moking ог gгоwiпg goods to Ье

sold

ргоlеssiопсl n Sоmеопе is о рrоfеssiопоl if they get money

fог о sрогt оr octlvlty which most peopie do qs о hobby.

pudding п in the UK, sweet food thot is usuclly eoten os the

lost роrt of о mеаl

ге<rсt ч to soy, do ог feel something becouse of something elsethot hos been soid от done

геfеrее n someone who mckes suге thot рlоуегs follow the

гulеs duгing с spoTts gome

геsропsiýlе (fог) odj hoving сопtго1 ond outhoгity очеrsomething оI someone ond the duty of toking соге of it ог

them

similcгity n rMhen two things оr реорlе сге similor, ог о woyin which they оrе similог

tcckle п when you tгу to get the Ьо11 frоm someone in о gomeiike footbo]1

tгссk п о poth, often сirсulог, used fоr госеs

чmрiге п someone rMhose job is to wotch о sроrts gгоmе ondmoke surе thot the рlоуегs оЬеу the rulеs

Му words

WORDLIST EП

срргесiсtе ч to feel grateful fоr something

сспtееп п q rеstсчrопt in crn office, fcctory оr school

ссрсЫе odj oble to do things weII

combine ч to Ьесоmе mixed ог joined, ог to mix оr join thingstogetheг

соmе ссrоýs pv to find оr meet Ьу сhопсе

соmе down with pv to stqrt to suffеr fгоm cn illness,especiolly one thot is not serious

соmе чр with pv to suggest ог think of on ideo оr plan

communicctive odj willing to tolk to реорlе ond give theminformotion

competitive odj wanting to win ог Ье Ьеttег thon оthеr people

сопstrчсtiоп п thе-wоrk of building houses, offices, bridges,etc.

demcnding odi needing о lot of уоur time, attention оr effort

enthusicstic odi keen, еаgеr, showing enthusiasm

fccilities n buildings ог equipment thqt сге provided fог ороrtiсulаr рuгроsе

give up pv to stop doing о роrtiсulог activity оr job

go off pv to stop liking ог being interested in sоmеопе оrsomething

ýrо over рч to exomine ог look ot something in о соrеful оrdetoiled woy

go thгочgh pv to ехреriепсе о difficult ог unplecsont sltuotion

look down оп pv to think thct someone is less importcnt thcnуоu

set п q grоuр of pupils qt school whо hove а simlior leve] in орсrtiсulаг subject

sheltel п а ploce thct pTotects you fгоm bcd wеаthег огdonger

sрогts kit п the clothes thot pupils wеоr to play sрогts atschool

WoRDLIsT

(Ье) stгесmеd ч (гeloting to school pupils of а simllог level,qge ond lntelligence) to Ье grouped together

sympcthetic odj showing that you understcnd and сqгеobout someone's рrоЬlеms

thоrочgh odj соrеfui ond сочегiпg ечеrу detail

чоlчпtеег п someone rMho rмогks without being poid,especiolly wоrk thot involves helping people

Му wоrds

сiг conditioning n о system thot keeps the сiг cool in сbuilding оr сог

Ье gгееп ехр to Ье iпtегеstеd iп рrоtесtiпg the епчirопmепt

bush п о short, thick plont with а lot of Ьгспсhеs

climcte chcnge n the woy the Eoгth's rMeotheT is chonging

епчirопmепt п the сiг, rмоtег ond lond ln ог оп which реорlе,onimols ond plonts live

егчрt ч If о чо]сапо erupts, it suddenly thгоws out fiге ondmelted rосks.

flooding n when the lond becomes covered with woter,especiolly in а woy thot ccuses рrоЬlеms

luel п о substcnce thot is buTned to give hеqt оr роwег

humid odj Humid оir ог rмеоthеr is hot ond slightly wet.

hчгriсqпе n о violent stогm with чегу strong rMinds

litteг n pieces of рорет cnd оthеr rMoste thct оте left in publicplaces

mild odj When the wеаthеr in winter is mild, it is not cold.

pcckcged (food) odj in boxes ог сопtqiпегs to Ье sold

pine tгее п Gп ечеrg:гееп (- печеr losing its leoves) trее thotgгоws in сооlег огесs of the wоrld

pollution п domoge coused to rмоtег, оir, etc. Ьу bodsubstonces оr rMoste

ргеssчrё n difficult situctions thct moke you feel wоrгiеd оrunhoppy

рчrсhсsе и to buy something

гсiпfсll п the omount of гаiп thot fclls in о роrtiсulог рlосе otс роrtiсulоr tlme

гесdу mecls n ргероrеd meols thot оrе often olTeady cookedond just need to Ье heated up

гесусlе у to use рорег, gloss, plastic, etc. ogoin and not thгоwit owoy

гчЬЬish п things thot you thгоw owoy beccuse you do notwont them

shогtаgе n rMhen there is not enough of something

submit rz to send о document, plon, etc. to someone so thotthey con сопsidег it

tгспsрогt n rMhen реорlе ог things сге moved frоm one рlосеto опоthег

volccno п а mountoin with о 1огgе hoie ot the top whichsometimes explodes

Му wогds

WORDLIST Е

ll,lt r

сdmiге ч to llke ог геsресt sоmеопе ог something becousethey оте good оr сlечег

cmused odj showing thot you think something is funny

cshcmed odj feeling bod becouse you hove done something\мгопgl

Ье keen оп ехр to Ье чеrу inteгested in something

belief п when you be]ieve thot something is tTue ог гес1

ccn't Ьесг ехр to stгопglу dislike Someone оr something

cosucl odj casuol clothes оrе соmfогtоьlе ond not fогmоI.

(feel) chected ехр to Jeel thot you hove been prevented fгоmobtoining ог ochieving something

сопсегпеd odj rмоrriеd

conventioncl odj Conventional objects ог Woys of dolngthings аге the usuol ones whiсh hcve been used fоr о 1ongtime.

delibeгcte odj If on oction ls dеllЬегоtе, you wonted огplonned to do it.

discouгcged odj hoving lost уоur confidence in something оrуоuг enthusiasm fог it

dгоg и to pull something ог Someone somewheTe, usuollywith difficulty

elegcnt odj sty}ish ond оttгосtiче

expectction п iMhen you expect something to hoppen (oJten

something good)

lcte п whot hoppens to о ротtiсulог реrsоп ог thing,especially something negotive

fгееdоm п the гlght to live in the woy you wont without beingсопtгоllеd Ьу onyone else

gcze п о long look ot someone оr something

keep up with рч If you keep up with somethlng ог someoneiyou stoy ot the some ]eve] os it ог them.

lecn (on) у to mоче the top рогt of уоuг body iп о рогtiсulоrdlrection

оп the оthег hcnd ехр (usuol]y fol]oмring оп the one hond)used to соmроIе two different focts ог opinions on о situotlon

очtrqgiеочs odj shocking ог ехtгеmе

pcssionate odj showing о stгопgi feeling obout о subject

second-hcnd odj If something is second-hond, someone elsеhod it ог used lt Ьеfоге you.

shocking odj чеrу bod ond moklng you feel upset

show off pv to behove in о woy thot is intended to ottгoctottention

to tcke no notice of ехр not to give ottention to someone оrsomething

upset adi scd от wоггiеd becouse something bod hoshoppened

vintcge odj having о11 the best оr most typicol qualities о{

something, especlolly fгоm the post

whегесs conj соmрогеd with the foct thot

Му wоrds

|EtГЛ WФRDLIST

щсЬsогЬ rr to understond ond rеmеmЬеr something

cccessible odj eosy to uпdегstопd, find оr геосh

ctom п the smallest unit thot on element сqп Ье divided into

cttqchment n с соmрutег file which is sent togetheT with onemoil mеssоgге

qutomcticclly odv If о mochine ог device does somethingoutomaticolly, it does it independently, without humon сопtrоI

back up pv to moke qп ехtrо сору of соmрutеr iпfогmоtiоп,e,g. уоuг MroTk

Ьооkmсгk п on oddгess on the iпtегпеt thot you тесогd sothot you con quickly find something agoin

cell n the smollest living рогi of on опimоl ог а plont

clcim ч to soy that something is tгuе

concept п on ldec ог рriпсiрlе

сопsегчqtiоп n the рrоtесtiоп of паtuге

сгчсiсl cdj ехtrеmеlу importont ог песеssqrу

desktop n а соmрutег thot is smo11 enough to fit оп о desk

extensive cdj loTge in omount ог size

hсгd dгiче п the рагt inside о соmрutег thot is not геmочеdond stoTes чеrу lоrgе omounts of iпfоrmqtiоп

identify v to гесоgпisе о ргоЬlеm, need, foct, etc. ond to shorMthot it exists

(be/get) inspiгed odj hoving ideqs Jrоm someone огsomething

investigcte v to tгу to get o1l the focts obout somethlng

log in/on рч to connect о соmрutеr to о computer system Ьуtyping уоuI nome, so thot you ccn stогt rмогk

log offlout pv to stop о соmрutег Ьеiпgг connected to оcomputeT system, usuolly whеп you wont to stop working

mопitог n о scleen thqt shows lпfоrmоtlоп ог pictuTes,usuolly connected to с соmрutег

necessity n something thot you need

pedcl v to push the pedols of о bicycle гоuпd rMith уоuг feet

регсепtсgе n сп omount of sоmеthiпgг, ехргеssеd as опumЬеr out of 100

plcy с tгiсk (on) ехр to deceive оr cheot someone os о joke

rечесl rz to tell от show someone а piece of (secret)

informotion

self-conscioцs odj too сwоrе of whot оthег people огеthinking about you cnd уоuг oppecтonce

sчгчiчсl п when someone оr something continues to live,especiolly оftег q dопgгегоus sltuotion

techniccl od,i Teloting to the knowledge, mochines, огmethods used in science ond industгy

vcst odj чегу big

vital odj песеssсгу

Му words

WORDLIST ПII

Readin9 . Part 1

Questions 1-8You аrе going to read an extract from а book about how people succeed iп sport. Fоr questions 1_8, choose the answer(А, В, С оr D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Mark уоur answers оп the separate answer sheet.

Path to the topMatthew Syed talks about how hе Ьесаmе а table tелпЬ starAt the age of 24, l became the British пumЬеr-опе table tennisplayer for the very first time which, l am sure you will аgrее, is аhuge achievement. l suddenly found myself on the receiving endof regular invitations to speak to school audiences about my riseto international glory, and would often take mу gold medals alongto show the youngsters.

Table tennis is а pretty big sport in the UK, with 2.4 millionparticipants, thousands of teams, and serious riches for thosewho do well. But what made me special? What had marked mеout for sporting greatness? l came up with а пumЬеr of factors:speed, determination, mental strength, adaptability, a9ility andreflexes. sometimes l would marvel at the fact that I had theseskills in such large amounts that they were capable of raising mе - little mе! - beyond hundreds of thousands of

line 15 others aiming for that precious top Spot. And all this was doubly amazing, considering l had Ьееп Ьоrп into а family inап ordinarY suburb of an ordinary town in south-east England. l had по particular advantages. Mine was а triumph ofindividuality; а personal journey of success a9ainst the odds.

This, of course. is the way thai mапу who have reached the top in sport, or indeed in any other field, choose to telltheir stories. Мапу of us live in а culture that encourageS this kind of individualism. The film world of Hollywood isfull of such narratives, often sugar-coated with emotion. But while these stories are inspirational, and compulsive|yentertaining, are they true? Here is mу story iп table tennis.

When l was eight уеаrs old mу parents, for reasons they are still unable to explain (neither of them plays table tennis),decided to buy а table tennis table and to put it in our lаrgе garage. l don't know the exact percentage, but you сапimagine that thеrе wеrе not many youngsters of my а9е in my home town who possessed а full-size,lournament-specification table. Fеwеr still had а garage in which it could Ье housed full-time. This was mу first bit ot goodfortune.

му second piece of good fortune was having an older brother called Апdrеw who саmе to love table tennis asmuch as l did. We would play for hours in the garage after school: duelling, battling, testing each other's reflexes,experimenting with new spins, investigating new rackets, inviting over friends who, although often more able in otherSports, were surprised to see just how far we had advanced in table tennis. Without knowing it, we were happilyacquiring thousands of hours of practice.

Mr charters was а teacher at the local primary school, Aldryngton. Не was the coach of almost all the after-schoolsporting clubs, the manager of the school football team, the caretaker of the badminton equipment and the organiserof school Sports day. But Charters cared about one thing above all: table tennis. Не was tlre nation's top coach and а

line 35 senior figure in the English Table Tennis Association. The other Sports were just а front, an opportunity to search outsporting talent wherever it emerged so he could focus it - determinedly and exc|usively * upon table tennis.

Fоr а period, the streets around Silverdale Road, where the school was situated, produced more outstanding tabletennis players than the rest of the nation combined. lt seemed to go against explanation оr belief. Had somethingspread genetically throughout the local neighbourhood without touching the surrounding roads or villages? Ofcourse not: the success of silverdale Road was about the coming together of factors of а similar kind to those thathave, from time to time, happened in other parts of the world. lп particular, all of the sporting talent was focusedentirely оп table tennis, and all of the potential players Wеrе encouraged Ьу an outstanding coach. дпd as for mе,with а tab|e iп the garage and а brother as passionate about table tennis as myself, l had а head start before l ечепgot to Aldryngton School.

re PRA*TI.ý TE*T

1 lп the first paragraph, the writer says that heА had not realised how hard he would have to work to get to the top.В wanted to make the right impression on other уоuп9 people.С had not expected to Ье asked to talk about himself.D arranged to talk to as mапу young реор|е as he could.

What does'allthis' refer to in line 15?А the number of people who play table tennisВ the amount of time the writer took to improve his skillsС the amount of mопеу earned Ьу table tеппis playersD the level of success the writеr has achieved

3 Why does the writer соmраrе his story to those that are told in films?А to illustrate the interest in stories of people succeeding through their оwп talentsВ to suggest that the stories of real people сап Ье made into good filmsС to complain that film-makers аrе not so interested in the stories of sports peopleD to show the importance of realising that everybody has а unique story to tell

4 The writer refers to the purchase of the table tennis table as'good fortune' becauseА his parents only bought it because they recognised his talents.В it was not а logical item for his parents to spend their mопф on.С the garage was опlу just big enough for it to fit in.D it was an unusual hobby fоr а Ьоу to have at the time.

Why did the brothers spend so much time playing table tennis together?А They knew Ьу practising а lot they would do well later.В They wanted to show their friends how good they were.С They knew they weren't good at other sports.D They wеrе inspired to compete against each other.

What is meant Ьу 'the оthеr sports were just а front' in line 35?А The children didn't appreciate Mr Charters' efforts to improve their table tennis.В Mr Charters got аппоуеd that he had to spend time оп sports other than table tennis.С Mr Charters used other sports to find children who might Ье good at table tennis.D Other sports Мr Сhаrtеrs taught were less рорulаr with the children than table tennis.

What point is the writer making in the last paragraph?А The fact that Silverdale Road produced so mапу table tennis players сап Ье explained.В Similar circumstances in other parts of the world have not had the same results.С lt became clear that the success of Silverdale Road could опlу continue for а short time,D The people in surrounding villages wished they had the same sporting facilities.

what do we find out about the writer in this text?А Не wishes he had had the chance to try other sports too.В Не is grateful for the opportunities which came his way Ьу сhапсе.С Не is aware that success can take some of the pleasure out of а sport.D Не realises the importance of not getting emotiona| about а sport.

РRАСТIСЕ TEST Е

Readin9 о Part 2

Questions 9-15You аrе gоiпg to rеаd а пеwsрареr article about dinosaurs. Sечеп sentences have Ьееп removed frоm the article, Choosefrоm the sentences А-Н the опе which fits each gap (9-15), Тhеrе is one sentence which you do not need to use.

lVlark уоur апswеrs оп the separate answer sheet.

Ноrш much do wе really kпоw аЬочt diпоsачгs?

PalaeontologiStS StUdyfossils, the геmаiпsof animals that livediп ргеhistогiс times.Fossils сап Ье Ьеtwеепsечегаl thousand апdhuпdгеds of millionsof уеагs old and пеwtechnology епаЬlеs

геsеагсhегs to disсочег mоге апd mоге аьоut them.Rесепtlу, palaeontologists fгоm Мапсhеstег Uпiчегsitуhave found that diпоsаuгs, usuаllу shown as епогmоus,eaгth-shaking mопstегБ, may have Ьееп much lightегthan ргечiоuslу thought.

Diпоsаuгs have fascinated people iп Вгitаiп since thefiгst fгаgmепts of thеiг Ьопеs еmегgеd fгоm the stопеquаггiеs of sоuthегп England iп the еагlу 18OOs, butthe scientists wогkiпg оп theiг геmаiпs at the time wегеfaced with а difficult tasK. П---l And of соuгsе thегеwеге по obvious living equivalents.

Nеагlу 2ОО уеагs аftег these initial discoveгies,palaeontologists аге still tгуiпg to геsоlче the issueof what diпоsаuгs геаllу looked like. FГГ--l This isdue to пеw finds and technologies beyond the wildestimaginings of those еагlу sсhоlагs who, wогkiпgЬу candlelight, еаgегlу chipped away at thеiг latestdisсочегiеs with hаmmег апd chisel.

lnitially, diпоsаuгs wеге сопsidегеd to Ье iguanas [а kindof lizагd] оп а much lагgег scale. Niпеtеепth-сепtuгуscientists wогkеd out that if diпоsаuгs had the sameргорогtiопs as iguапаs, then mопstегs оvег бО mеtгеslong опсе existed in Вгitаiп. ETI] This point ofview геmаiпеd рорulаг until the fiгst complete diпоsаuгskeletons wеге found, fiгst iп Еuгоре and thеп in hugequantities iп the Аmегiсап west.

The disсочегiеs of whole skeletons had а lasting effectоп all subsequent imргеssiопs of diпоsаuг арреагапсе,гечеаliпg fог the fiгst time а set of animals that wегеto Ьесоmе fаmiliаг fгоm movies апd musеum displays,including Stеgоsачгus, Аllоsаuгus апd Diplodocus. ltbecame с|еаг that diпоsаuгs possessed ап amazingчагiеtу pf body shapes апd sizes, fгоm flexible, two-legged mеаt-еаtегs to long-necked gгаss-еаtiпghегЬiчогеs. FrТ-l Fгоm this time diпоsаuгs wегеthегеfоге по lопgег гесопstгuсtеd as giant lizагds.Ноwечег, the biology of the 'пеw' diпоsаuгs was stil|соmрагеd to that of kпоwп living герtilеs, and they wеrеstill гесопstгuсtеd as lагgе clumsy beasts.

Fог muсh of the 2Oth сепtuгу, this imргеssiопdominated scientific and public imaginations. Diпоsаuгswеге sееп as the ultimate example of а failed species,which became extinct. Г{ -l lп addition, fаг fгоmbeing ап ечоlutiопагу dead end, diпоsаuгs gave гisеto the Ьiгds, апd we поw have fossils showing thatdiпоsаuгs wеге the fiгst to have fеаthегs. A|l of thesedisсочегiеs соmе fгоm the еffогts of palaeontologists iп

the 197Os, which saw а геvоlutiоп iп оuг uпdегstапdiпgof diпоsаuгs.

These advances mеап that we сап поw wогk out howwell some diпоsаuгs could hеаг ог smell, FaIlBecause of all this ехtга knowledge, mammals апdЬiгds аге поw viewed as mоге арргоргiаtе models fогdiпоsаuг biology, which оffегs mапу пеw insights intothеiг evolution and Ьеhачiоuг.

trГ ] How exactly did they die out? Why did some ofthem ргоsрег while оthегs wеге shогt-liчеd? What wегеthe functions of сегtаiп Ьizагге fваtuгеs? And whichfасtогs led tо thеiг гuпаwау ечоlutiопагу success?Тhеге аге still рlепtу of things we know поthiпg about -and scientists shouldn't Ье аfгаid to say so.

А But попе of these геsеmЬlеd the massive, Е But they based thеiг саlсulаtiопs оппightmагish visions imagined опlу а few individual Ьопеs"аlопе.уеагs еагliег.

В But sоmе things have Ьесоmе muсhеаsiег, hоwечег.

G lп fact, the opposite is the case as weпоw see diпоsаuгs as highly successfulsocial сгеаtuпеs with complex Ьеhачiоuгs.

D we еvеп have ап idea of what some ofthe огigiпаl соlоuгs of diпоsаuгs mighthave Ьееп.

F we аге still iп the dагk, hоwечег, when itcomes to Some aspects of diпоsаuг life,

G Весачsе of this, they wеге able to analyseold Ьопеs in much gгеаtег detail thanечег Ьеfоге.

н lt was поt сlеаг to them how to. гесопstгчсt the арреагапсе and

ьеhачiочг of animals that had Ьееп deadfог huпdгеds of millions of уеагs.

PRACTICE ТЕýТ Щ

lill l

Readin9 о Part з

Questions,l6-30you аrе going to read some magazine reviews of video games. Fоr questions 16-3о, choose frоm the reviews(А-Е), The reviews may Ье chosen mоrе than опсе.

Mark уоur answers оп the separate answer sheet,

Which rечiеwеr saysthere is а need fог the usеr to Ье patient at certain points in the game?

the game has а stоrуliпе which is adequate rаthег than outstanding?

the faults iп the way the game sometimes wоrkеd have Ьееп fixed?

the game has similarities to some films with а particular асtоr iп them?

the music is а good accompaniment to what is happening in the4ame?

their expectations of the game wеrе too pessimistic?

the game might not attгact mоrе usеrs despite better graphics?

the рооr quality of the grарhiсs iп some circumstances is understandable?

the fact that the tasks аrе rаrеlу repeated means the game isn't Ьоriпg?

improvements to the graphics have helped recognition of the сhаrасtеrs?

some of the game's fans have recently been lost to competing games?

а vital раrt is played Ьу the graphics in maintaining the usеrs' iпtеrеst dчriпg the game?

the game's appeal is much wider now than its original intended ачdiепсе?

thеrе аrе сhаrасtеrs iп the game which the usеr сап геIаtе to?

the game will provide new competition fоr best-selling games?

F4 lFт-lli4--ltrт--lрбгltr{--ltrт-lрт-lFa|lF{-ltrбТ--]

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ржАfiтI*Е Yýýт,

Review of the latest video games Ьу our teenage readersА Baseboll Х2 reviewed Ьу Liam, aged 14 С Dragon reviewed Ьу Kurt, aged 15

l always thought BaseballX1 wаsthe coolest sports simulationgame that l had ечеr соmеacross. This version, BaseballX2,is ап update and has takeneverything that l adored andmade it even better! lt has alsoput right some of the llttle thingsthat went wrопg during the

game. Sports games that have got а much lаrgеr shareof the market had better look out because this game isgoing to Ье big! The grарhiсs were fairly advanced оп theеаrliеr version except it was difficult to tell some of theplayers apart and they looked а bit like aliens, but nowthey аrе so realistic you know immediately who they аrе"

В Speedy Track 008 reviewed Ьу Leila, aged 16

Speedy Irock was а verysuccessful racing game when thefirst version came out. However,the last vеrsiоп was pretty рооrquality, and serious gamers haveЬееп moving очеr to the Big Prizeапd Мопасо series instead. sowill this пеw version bring them

back? Well, the graphics have improved - the roads andsсепеrу аrе поw mоrе detailed. But Blg Prize апd ЛЛопасоhave perfectly good graphics themselves so the debatets ореп as to which game will appeal most. The gameconcentrates оп а rасе through the mountains that isfilled with crashes and explosions. The idea of this kindof cross-country rасе is very interesting and has neverbeen рrореrlу explored tn а video game Ьеfоrе, as fаr asl know. Tom Sapori appeared iп an advertising trаilеr fоrthis game and l can see why, The game has the same kindof action that is in most of his movies. Something aboutthe craziness just draws you iп.

The plot isn't what you wouIdcall prize-winning, but it gets youinvolved immediately and finishesoff without any loose ends. Аmonth ago l was afraid thatwhat we might get was anotherdisappointing addition to theseries, but after playing оп thisnew version l can't wait to see

what will come next. The graphics in the game take уоurbreath away, lt's а good thing too, since you spend а lot oftime traveIling iп the game and it would Ье tiring to haveа dull background which was repeated all the time. Themusic is almost too good as it distracts you from whatуоu'rе doing. The сhаrасtеrs' movements are smooth andthe controls аrе so easy to use.

White City reviewed Ьу Georgia, aged 14

The game's maln downside is itsgraphics. They aren't awful, butthey're certainly not the best l'veseen. However, the reduced detailisn't surprising due to the factthat at times you can Ье lookingat ап entire town frоm thousandsof metres ln the аir, and then youаrе immediately down on the

grоuпd, The characters аrе well done though - they allhave unique qualities and you feeIas if you сап actuallytalk to them. Тhеrе is one thing gаmеrs will not enjoy.After completing а level, the home sсrееп appears. Thesedull moments might ruiп уоur concentration, but youjust need to put up with them as they only last about а

minute, although they feel much longer.

Shopper reviewed Ьу Sofia, aged 12

5hорреr allows gamers to stockthеir own shop and take оп therole of а shop-keeper Ьу buyingand selling stuff. This was aimedat children at first but the game'scharm has proved рорulаr witholder people and is becoming а

massive hit.

The game is constantly throwing new challenges at youso уоu need to Ье concentrating all the time and youwill play очеr and over again. The voices sound crispand сlеаr. The music is even better - the band Excel haswritten songs especially to go with dlfferent stages of thegame and they do а greatjob. At the end you hear thetheme tune from the fiIm 'Wherever' and it's ап extremelycatchy tuneI

D

РRДСТДСЕ ТЕýТ Щ-*dE l

Writing о part 1

You must апswеr this question. Write уоur апswеr iп ,l20-150 words in an appropriate style.

1 You have received ап emai|from уоur English teacher, Мrs Challis. Read Mrs Challis's email and thehave made. Then write ап emailto Mrs Challis, using аllуоur notes.

аL]]ýIц*i

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Frоm:

Subiect:

Mrs Challis

Organising the 'English Evening'for parents

Hello ечеrуопе,

There's а special 'English Evening'for раrепts next Friday, when the!'ll have the chance to lookat the wоrk you've done on уоur English course Wо_чLQ у_qц.!]фjý".уg чlg_rllч9"ý_:::l|i9:

|'m putting up а display of уочr wоrk iп the main hall. WфЩ|оаоч think we should put in thedisplay?

l also thought it would Ье пiсе if we all talked in English during the evening. Do you think that's аgood idea?

Fiпаllу, l'd like to offer the раrепts some refreshments when they've finished looking at thedisplay. What do you think we should give them?

Please rерIу soon.

мrs challis

Write уоur email. You must use grammatically correct sentences wtth ассurаtе spelling andаррrорriаtе fоr the situation.

Yеs!

-Геll Mrs Chatllis

€оччу, \о, becaug. -

Sи99еsl ...

punctuation iп а r_1

re рRJ\trтl*ж TE*T

Writing о Part 2Write ап апswеr to опе of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your апswеr in 120_180 words in апappropriate sty|e. Put the question пumЬеr in the Ьох at the top of the page.

2 You have had а discussion iп уоur English class about the importance of sport. Now youl" tеасhеr hasasked you to write ап essay for homework апswеriпg the following question:

ls it а good idea for all уоuпg people to do sport?

Write уоur essay.

Some English students аrе соmiпg to уоur schoo| on an exchange visit. Your teacher has asked you towrite а report telling them about your local town. lп your rероrt you should describe уоur town briefly,ехрlаiп what is special about it апd say what you would recommend the English students to do thereduring their visit.

Write уоur report.

you have seen this аппоuпсеmепt оп ап internationalwebsite,

Reviews wanted The Best ТV Series Ever!.Do you have а favourite TV series that you watch regularly?

Write us а review telling us what it is about, why you enjoy it and whether other youngpeople would enjoy watching it.

The best reviews will Ье posted on the website next week.

Write уоur review.

Answer опе of the following two questions based оп опе of the titles below. Write the letter (а) оr (Ь) aswell as the пumЬеr 5 iп the question Ьох.

{a|Touching the Void Ьу Joe SimpsonYou have had а discussion iп уоur English class about the characters iп Touchjng the Иoid. Nowуоur teacher has given you this essay for homework:

How did Joe Simpson manage to survive iп Touching the Void?

Write уоur essay.

(b|Macbeth Ьу William ShakespeareYou have seen this notice оп ап English-language website for young people.

Articles wanted Ап Exciting OpeningWe are looking for articles about stories which start in ап exciting way.

The best articles will Ье posted on the website.

You have decided to write about the орепiпg of Macbeth.

Write уоur article,

PRACTICE ТЕýТ Щ

Use of English , Part 1

Fоr questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which wоrd (А, в, С оr D) best fits the gap. Тhеrе

example at the Ьеgiппiпg (0).

маrk уоur answers оп the separate answer sheet,

Example:0 Amaking Bforcing Ccausing Dproducing

is ап

nlA в с DVl_ Е

Kites

Nobody сап resist the idea of (О) ап object fty through the sky. Kites are flown а[[ around

the world for pteasure and as а (1) . ...... of transporting things and реор[е. It,is аП interestthat

(2) ... back thousands of years. The first kites were flown ,in Asia and Ьу the уеаr 1000 they

ptayed а significant (з) . . .. . ..... in mапУ different сulturеs. Fоr instance, they were somet'imes ftown

over а house to (4) ... the fact that there was а пеw ЬаЬу. In some places people (5)

thought kite-flying could encourage the winds to b[ow away the rajn c[ouds and (6) the crops

frоm flood1ng. Eventualty scientists and inventors began to Ье (7) of the potentia[ of kites.

(s) .. . . ... then large kites have Ьееп developed which сап pu[[ реорl.е and veh'ic[es and Шft equipment

up .into the air. But kite-f[ying (9) а sport which сап Ье enjoyed Ьу реор[е of a[L ages апd jt

doesn't (10) .. ..... а fortune. А[[уоu пееd is some wind and (11) а hj[[ or а beach where you

сап stand. If you аrе а beg,inner, уоu wil"|. probabl,y also need sоmеопе to pick the kite uр еvеrу time it fatl"s

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Use of English . Part 2

Fоr questions 13-24, rеаd the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap, Use only опе word tп

each gap. Тhеrе is ап example at the beginning (0).

Write уоur апswеrs lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet,

Example:

The Lопdоп мiпa Marathon

Сhildrеп соmе frоm all оvег Gгеаt Britain (0) ..... take раrt iп а miпi mаrаthоп in Lопdоп еvегу

уеаr. lt is fоr сhildrеп aged Ьеtwееп ]-1 and ]-7 but, because it is such (1З) ..... рорulаr event,

they have to Ье selected. Grеаt Вritаiп is divided (14). ..... rеgiопs апd team mапаgеrs choose

(15} ....... children will rергеsепt each rеgiоп. After (16) ,,,,..,... selected, children аrе expected

to attend trаiпiпg sessions. Тhеrе is also а whееlсhаir rасе but, fоr this гасе, the rulе is that the

сhildrеп (17), .. . ..... to Ье оvеr 14, Teams consist (18) ..... ruппеrs frоm thrее different

а8е 8гоuрS апd each а8е 8rоuр has а slightly different start time (19). . ..... that they аrе

not all ruппiпg at the same time. Тhеrе is опе thing about the London Мiпi Маrаthоп that makes

(20) ...... unique соmраrеd to оthеr'miпi'rасеs fоr kids, lt is (21) опlу ruп оп the

same day as the mаiп Lопdоп Магаthоп rасе fоr adults but it is also ruп оп раrt of the same соursе.

This is (ZZ) ..... it is especially exciting fоr those chosen to (23) раrt in it, They ruп

аlопg some of the most famous Lопdоп streets, such (24) The Mall пеаr Buckingham

Palace, whеrе the Royal Fаmilу live.

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Use of English . Part 4

Fоr questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has а simi|ar meaning to the first sentence, using the[3Е З lТ;i"i]Ш*,;,1""n"

the word given, You must use between two and fiчйоrds, including the word given,

Example:

0 There was such а big crowd waiting outside the stadium that l couldn't find mу friends,SoThere......... ..,.. people waiting outside the stadium that l couldn't find mу friends

The gap сап Ье filled Ьу the words 'Were So many', so you write:Example: 0 l WER; so MANу

Write опlу the missing words lN cAPITAL LETTERS оп the separate answer sheet.

35 Despite having plenty of mопеу, Josh decided not to buy the footba|l boots.

EvEN

Josh decided not to buy the football boots ........, ..... plenty of mопеу,

зб The dance class was cancelled because of а lack of interest аmопg the students.

ЕNоUGн

The dance class was cancelled because not............. . interested.

lt's а pity l got there after the film had started.

WIsH

l ....,............ arrived after the film had started.

Му teacher suggested that l should епtеr the drama competition.

WHY

Nzly teacher said: '.......... .... епtеr the drama competition?'

з7

38

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Listenin9 о Part 1

Questions 1-8€ж you will hear people talking in eight different situations, Fоr questions 1-8, choose the best апswеrn.""-".

you очеrhеаr two students discussing а Тv рrоgrаmmе they have just watched.

What did they both like about the рrоgrаmmе?

А the mаiп character

В the unusual plot

С the background music

Yоu hеаr а Ьоу tel|ing а friепd about а sailing course he has just done.

What is the boy's орiпiоп of the course?

А lt was mоrе difficult than he expected.в lt was badly affected Ьу the weather conditions.С lt was designed for very young students.

You hеаr а tеасhеr tel|ing her students about а рюjесt they аrе going to do,

what does she wаrп them about?

А using internet material

В making spelling mistakesС writing too much

yоu hear а girl talking on the radio about her favourite band.

Why is she attracted to their songs?

А They sing about familiar things.В They play unusua| instruments.

С They come from her аrеа,

ПЕ PRA*TI.E yýsт

FЕЫ дsýд ýэIдtvtýd

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Lu1l11soi;0 е v

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assе|c slч ul алеч Лоq оql рlр L.uolqold 1еqд

,|оочсs ]е sse|c Ue uB ul pэuoddeu1 }ечм }noqe бuц|е} s}uapn}s ом} lеочlоло пол

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Listenin9 . Part 2

Questions 9-,l8

@ffi-ffi You will hear а young chef called Tom Neilson talking about the сооkеrу competition he has just won.Fоr questions 9-18, complete the sentences.

Young Chef Gompetition

The competition, which is аrrапgеd Ьу а grоuр of , began ten years ago.

Тоm says that teenagers соmраrе top chefs to celebrities they see оп

Competitors опlу have to cook а fоr the first stage of the competition.

Tom thinks that caIculating the рrесisе

difficult,

of the meal you make in the local fina| is

lп the localfinalyou аге also tested on various things such as in the kitchen.

А professional chef gives

lп the rеgiопаl finals, the

Tom feels that competing in the national final is challenging because the

wоrk with аrе chosen fоr you.

lп the nationalfinal you аrе assessed оп the

skills.

lf you get first рrizе, you spend two weeks in the

to the people who rеасh the regionalfinals.

you do fоr the meal is considered чеrу imроrtапt.

of уоur food as well as уочr cooking

of а top chef,

you have to

9

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11

12

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14

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17

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Listenin9 о Part 4

Questions 24-30Qi',,,,,, i_ You will hear ап interview with ап American girlwho sings iп а choir(А, В оr С).

24 What does Gina say about the mеmЬеrs of hеr choir?

А They соmе from schools specialising iп music.

В They have previous ехреriепсе of singing.

С They have formal qualifications iп music,

26

What has belonging to а choir enabled Gina to do?

А change the way she sings

в Ьесоmе mоrе self-critical

С gain confidence in herself

Giпа feels that through mixing with people iп the choir, she rras learnt

А how to understand different cultures.

в how to make пеw friends.

С how to get people to аgrее,

What is Gina's attitude to the music she sings?

А She likes singing а wide rапgе of songs.

В She раrtiсulаrlу enjoys performing jazz songs.

G She appreciates being able to suggest songs fоr the choir.

What does Gina say about expressing emotion through music?

А lt is something апуопе iп the choir сап do.

В lt is еаsiеr to ехрrеss happiness than sadness.

С lt is hard to сопvеу emotion to оthеr people.

How does Gina feel about реrfоrmiпg in public?

А а little frightened

В slightly stressed

G rеаdу to Ье criticised

27

30 According to Gina, what is the choir director's mаiп strength?

А his personality

В his musicalability

С his conducting skills

Fоr questions 24-30, choose the bes;

25

28

29

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Speakin9 о Part 2

4 minutes (6 minutes fоr groups of three)

The ехаmiпеr gives each of you two photographs and asks you to talk about уоur photographs опуоUr оWп for about а minute and also to апswеr а short question about your partner's photographs.

(Candidate А), it's уоur turn first, Неrе аrе your photographs (page 123). They show peopledoing different kinds of exercise.

|'d like you to compare the photographs, and say what the benefits of doing these kindsof exercise are.

When Student А has finished, the examiner asks Student В а question.

(Candidate В), how do you keep fit?

Now, (Candtdate В), hеrе аrе уоur photographs (page 124). They show different kinds ofbirthday parties.

l'd like уоu to соmраrе the photographs and say what the аdчапtаgеЪ and disadvantagesof these kinds of parties are.

When Student В has finished, the ехаmiпеr asks Student А а question.

Ёl.ii, i

(Candidate А), how do you usually celebrate your birthday?

SPeakin9 о Parts з and 4

7 minutes (9 minutes for groups of thrее)

The examiner asks you to talk about something together for about three minutes (4 miпutеsfor groups of three),

Here are some things your school сочld spend Some mопеу оп (page 25),First, talk to each other about which of these things would Ье useful for most students.Then decide which two уоч would choose not to spend the mопеу оп.

Iп Раrt 4, the examiner asks you Some questions related to the activity iп Part 3. You talk togetherabout уоur answers.

Неrе аrе some examples of questions you might have:, Some people say students spend too much time studying and not enough

time doing other things. What do you think?

a

a

a

a

Should schools provide sports facilities or should children do sроrtoutside school?Do you think schools should have ап orchestra? Why? / Why not?which activities do you do outside school? which do you еп|оу the most?Do you think drama is аП important subject to include at school? Why? / Why not?Some people say that practical subjects like design and technology апd artare as important as academic subjects. What do you think?

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