x2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

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nth Roots Of Unity 1 n z

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Page 1: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nz

Page 2: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

Page 3: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

Page 4: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

Page 5: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k

Page 6: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k 2 2 4 40, , , ,5 5 5 5

z cis cis cis cis cis

Page 7: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

y

x0cis

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k 2 2 4 40, , , ,5 5 5 5

z cis cis cis cis cis

Page 8: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

y

x0cis

52cis

52

cis

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k 2 2 4 40, , , ,5 5 5 5

z cis cis cis cis cis

Page 9: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

y

x0cis

52cis

52

cis

54cis

54

cis

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k 2 2 4 40, , , ,5 5 5 5

z cis cis cis cis cis

Page 10: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

nth Roots Of Unity 1nzunity of rootsnth theare ,1 form, theof equations of solutions The nz

1 .. 5 zge

When placed on an Argand Diagram, they form a regular n sided polygon, with vertices on the unit circle.

y

x0cis

52cis

52

cis

54cis

54

cis

2 0 0, 1, 25kz cis k 2 2 4 40, , , ,5 5 5 5

z cis cis cis cis cis

Page 11: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

Page 12: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

Page 13: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

11555

solutionais5

Page 14: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

11555

solutionais5

2552

solutionais 2112

Page 15: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

11555

solutionais5

2552

solutionais 2112

3553

solutionais3113

Page 16: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

11555

solutionais5

2552

solutionais 2112

3553

solutionais3113

4554

solutionais4114

Page 17: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

roots.other he t

are and ,, that show ,01 ofroot complex a is If b) 54325 zi

15 z 1hen solution tais If 5

11555

solutionais5

2552

solutionais 2112

3553

solutionais3113

4554

solutionais4114

roots also are and ,,root then a is if Thus 5432

Page 18: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

Page 19: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

Page 20: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

OR 015 011 432

011

01:

12 n

n

NOTE

01 432 1

Page 21: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

OR 015 011 432

011

01:

12 n

n

NOTE

01 432 1

OR2 3 41 GP: 1, , 5a r n 1

1

na rr

51 1

1

0 5 1 0

Page 22: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

OR 015 011 432

011

01:

12 n

n

NOTE

01 432 1

324 and are roots hoseequation w quadratic theFind iii

OR2 3 41 GP: 1, , 5a r n 1

1

na rr

51 1

1

0 5 1 0

Page 23: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

OR 015 011 432

011

01:

12 n

n

NOTE

01 432 1

324 and are roots hoseequation w quadratic theFind iii324

1 324

7643

1

243

OR2 3 41 GP: 1, , 5a r n 1

1

na rr

51 1

1

0 5 1 0

Page 24: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

0 1 that Prove 432 ii

ab

5432 rootstheof sum

01 432 15

OR 015 011 432

011

01:

12 n

n

NOTE

01 432 1

324 and are roots hoseequation w quadratic theFind iii324

1 324

7643

1

243

01 isequation 2 xx

OR2 3 41 GP: 1, , 5a r n 1

1

na rr

51 1

1

0 5 1 0

Page 25: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

Page 26: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

Page 27: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

Page 28: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

Page 29: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

Page 30: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

1

2

2

Page 31: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

1

2

2

(iii) Form the cubic equation with roots 21 ,1 ,1

Page 32: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

1

2

2

(iii) Form the cubic equation with roots 21 ,1 ,1 0121 3222 zzz

Page 33: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

1

2

2

(iii) Form the cubic equation with roots 21 ,1 ,1 0121 3222 zzz

011 2 zzz

Page 34: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

32( ) Evaluate 1i c) If is a complex cube root of unity, use the fact that to; 01 2 ωω

3

1

3

2

1 1( ) Evaluate 1 1

ii

11

2

21

1

2

2

(iii) Form the cubic equation with roots 21 ,1 ,1 0121 3222 zzz

011 2 zzz01223 zzzzz0122 23 zzz

Page 35: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

Page 36: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

111 Now 23456 zzzzzzz

Page 37: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

111 Now 23456 zzzzzzz6And 1 0 has solutions;

2 0, 1, 2,36

zkz cis k

Page 38: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

111 Now 23456 zzzzzzz

012345 zzzz

6And 1 0 has solutions;2 0, 1, 2,3

6

zkz cis k

Page 39: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

111 Now 23456 zzzzzzz

012345 zzzz

1,016 zz

01

11 2345

z

zzzzz

6And 1 0 has solutions;2 0, 1, 2,3

6

zkz cis k

Page 40: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

5 4 3 2d) Solve 1 0z z z z z

111 Now 23456 zzzzzzz

012345 zzzz

1,016 zz

01

11 2345

z

zzzzz

6And 1 0 has solutions;2 0, 1, 2,3

6

zkz cis k

2 2, , , ,3 3 3 3

z cis cis cis cis cis

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3, , , , 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

z i i i i

Page 41: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

Page 42: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

Page 43: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 9

2

kkcisz

k

cisz

92

Page 44: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 9

2

kkcisz

k

cisz

92

kz

Page 45: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 9

2

kkcisz

k

cisz

92

kz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8(ii) Prove that 1

019 z

Page 46: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 9

2

kkcisz

k

cisz

92

kz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8(ii) Prove that 1

019 z01 8765432 rootsofsum

Page 47: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9

e) 1996 HSC2 2 Let cos sin9 9

(i) Show that is a solution of 1 0, where is an integerk

i

z k

19 z

8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 9

2

kkcisz

k

cisz

92

kz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8(ii) Prove that 1

019 z01 8765432 rootsofsum

18765432

Page 48: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

2 4 1(iii) Hence show that cos cos cos9 9 9 8

Page 49: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

2 4 1(iii) Hence show that cos cos cos9 9 9 8

9

8 2 7 3 6 4 5

1

1

z

z z z z z z z z z

Page 50: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

2 4 1(iii) Hence show that cos cos cos9 9 9 8

9

8 2 7 3 6 4 5

1

1

z

z z z z z z z z z

2 2

2 2

2 41 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

6 8 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

z z z z z

z z z z

2 2

2 2

2 41 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

8 1 2cos 19

z z z z z

z z z z

Page 51: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

2 4 1(iii) Hence show that cos cos cos9 9 9 8

9

8 2 7 3 6 4 5

1

1

z

z z z z z z z z z

2 2

2 2

2 41 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

6 8 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

z z z z z

z z z z

2 2

2 2

2 41 2cos 1 2cos 19 9

8 1 2cos 19

z z z z z

z z z z

Let z i

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

Page 52: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

Page 53: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

4 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i

Page 54: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

4 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i

2 4 81 8cos cos cos9 9 9

Page 55: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

4 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i

2 4 81 8cos cos cos9 9 9

2 41 8cos cos cos9 9 9

Page 56: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

4 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i

2 4 81 8cos cos cos9 9 9

2 4 1cos cos cos9 9 9 8

2 41 8cos cos cos9 9 9

Page 57: X2 t01 11 nth roots of unity (2012)

9 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i i i i

4 2 4 81 1 2cos 2cos 2cos9 9 9

i i i

2 4 81 8cos cos cos9 9 9

2 4 1cos cos cos9 9 9 8

Cambridge: Exercise 7C; 1 to 4, 5ac, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11

Patel: Exercise 4I; 1, 3, 5 (need 4b), 7

Patel: Exercise 4J; 1 to 4, 7ac

2 41 8cos cos cos9 9 9