x-ray instrumentation for astronomy
DESCRIPTION
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo. X-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY. Alfonso Collura. Other People Involved (Since). Marco Barbera - Associate Professor DSFA (1992) Roberto Candia - Technician (electronics – mechanical) (1996) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY
Alfonso Collura
Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaOsservatorio Astronomico di Palermo
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Other People Involved (Since)
Marco Barbera - Associate Professor DSFA (1992)
Roberto Candia - Technician (electronics – mechanical) (1996)
Salvatore Varisco - Technician (software – electronics) (1996)
Gaspare Di Cicca - Technician (mechanical) (2001)
Emanuele Perinati - Post Doc (1998)
Ugo Lo Cicero – PhD Student (Electronic Engineer) (2007)
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
I Will Talk About
History of the X-Ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) Facility
Activities in the framework of space missions
Instrumentation development and other activities not for a specific mission
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
XACT Facility
Established under the impulse of G.S. Vaiana to partake to the development of CHANDRA instrumentation started operating in 1993
Designed with CHANDRA in mind, but privileging versatility to allow several other applications
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
XACT conceivment 1989
1991
1993
Upgrade I – Clean room; MCP detector; Transmission grating;UV beam line; 1997
1999ADR Cryostat
2003Upgrade II – See dedicated slide
XACT Development
Year
Beam line and basic equipment
1995
2001Vacuum control
Personnel (Sc/Tec)
Funding Source
1 / 2
1 / 22 / 2
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 2
2 / 3
400 SICILIAN GOV.
200 SICILIAN GOV.
100 OAPA
30 ASI
100 OAPA
90 ASI
110 ASI
100 OAPA
70 PRIN-MIUR
100 ASI100 OAPA
100 ASI100 OAPA120 ASI100 OAPA
50 CRA120 ASI100 OAPA
70 PRIN-MIUR
SEE DEDICATED SLIDE
20 CNR
200720072 / 3
Rental of buildingRental of building
First lightFirst light
2180 2180 before upgrade IIbefore upgrade II
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
First X-Ray Beamline
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Clean Room
UV BeamlineGSPC detectorMCP detector
X-Ray Transmission grating Monochromator
8 m 8 m
X-ray Source Test Section
XACT - Upgrade I
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
UPGRADE II (2003-2007)
XACT DEVELOPMENTXACT DEVELOPMENT FundingFunding SourceSource
Longer (35 m) Beam LineLonger (35 m) Beam Line
2 m diameter Test Chamber2 m diameter Test Chamber
X-ray optics X-ray optics micropositioningmicropositioning
Double Cristal Double Cristal MonochromatorMonochromator
LTD Read-out ElectronicsLTD Read-out Electronics
Maglev oil-free pumpingMaglev oil-free pumping
New Machine ShopNew Machine Shop
Moving to Via IngrassiaMoving to Via Ingrassia
PON PON (co-funding (co-funding from EU, Ital. Gov. from EU, Ital. Gov. and OAPA)and OAPA)
680680
7070 ASIASI
6060 SICILIAN GOVSICILIAN GOV..
150150 OAPAOAPA
150150 MEF (PRISMA)MEF (PRISMA)
12101210
8585 PRIN-MIURPRIN-MIUR
PRIN-INAFPRIN-INAF1515
Not included: works on the buildingNot included: works on the building
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
The new beamline
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Space Missions
CHANDRA XMM-NEWTON HINODE CHANG’E-1 LOXIA CORONAS PHOTON- SphinX SIMBOL-X EDGE
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-ray QE of MCP’s at Daresbury Synchrotron• CsI vs. KBr, X-ray QE modeling, Life tests
End to End test at Marshall Space Flight Center• HRC-I +HRMA, HRC-S + HRMA + Gratings
In Flight Calibration• Out of band sensitivity
• Design, Vibrational and Acoustic tests, Calibration plan
Development of the UV/Ion shields
X-ray transmission of the UV/Ion shields
UV transmission measurements of the UV/Ion shields• Out of band rejection
•X-ray Transmission modeling, XANES and EXAFS
Chandra HRC
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
UV transmission measurements of the UV/Ion shields
at XACT and DSFA-UNIPA
New filter design: Polyimide instead of Lexan, and single layer of aluminum (impact also on Chandra ACIS, Newton-XMM EPIC, JET-X CCD).
Aluminum oxidation and interferences
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
UV transmission measurements of Medium and Thin Filters • Out of band rejection
X-ray transmission measurements of Medium and Thin filters• X-ray Shadowgraphs• X-ray Transmission modeling, XANES and EXAFS
Medium and Thin Filter design and calibration plan
Newton-XMM EPIC
Monitoring ageing effects on Medium and Thin filters
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Monitoring ageing effects of the Medium and Thin filters
July 1997 July 2002
Slight increase in transmission in a narrow band. No significant impact on the science with EPIC
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Calibration of the Focal Plane 9 Filters
• X_ray shadowgraphs• X-ray transm. measurements and modeling
Calibration of the Telescope
• Participation in the end to end test at Marshall
XRT on board HINODE( PI: dr. Leon Golub, SAO, Cambridge, MA)
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-Ray Shadowgraphs
6 – 25 μm Al Filter Shadograph at 1.49 keV
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-Ray Transmission measurements and modeling
6 – 25 μm Al Filter
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
CHANG’E-1 LOXIAChinese experiment to study the composition of the lunar surface
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
SphinX
October 15, 2007 ~13:13 Fe anodeAmp A
October 11, 2007 ~12:31 Fe anodeAmp B
Comparison of SphinX measurements wit and without apertures on detector D2 and D3
With apertures
Withoutapertures
D2 and D3 ovelap
D1
Log plot Log plot
dots - D4
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
SIMBOL X Thermal Shields
average radial temp. variation in the mirror shells
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
shell number
Avera
ge T
em
pera
ture
°C
average radial temp. variation in the mirror shells
18,5
18,6
18,7
18,8
18,9
19
19,1
19,2
19,3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
shell number
Avera
ge T
em
pera
ture
°C
No shieldsNo shieldsT ~ 7 °CT ~ 7 °C
With shieldsWith shieldsT < 1 °CT < 1 °C
X-Ray TransmissionX-Ray Transmission
Polyimide+AlPolyimide+Al
AlAl
20 °C20 °C
15 °C15 °C
18.6 °C18.6 °C
19.2 °C19.2 °C
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
EDGEDesign of the Narrow Field Imager Telescope
in collaboration with INAF-IASFPA
Contribution to the Design and Optimization of the Narrow Field Contribution to the Design and Optimization of the Narrow Field Imager Telescope equipped with an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Array Imager Telescope equipped with an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Array Focal Plane DetectorFocal Plane Detector
Design of the Baffles for the Wide Field Telescope equipped with an Design of the Baffles for the Wide Field Telescope equipped with an X-Ray CCD Focal Plane DetectorX-Ray CCD Focal Plane Detector
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
R&D Activities (not for a specific mission)
NTD Germanium Microcalorimeters
Plastic Foil light weight X-ray Optics
Bio samples irradiation (next presentation)
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-Ray Microcalorimeters with NTD Ge Sensors
•In collaboration since 1997with SAO (PI: Eric Silver) we are investigating X-ray microcalorimeters with NTD Germanium sensors for laboratory and astrophysical applications.
•More recently we have started a collaboration with UNIPA-DIEET to develope a fully Planar approach for the construction of 2-D arrays with a large number of pixels.
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
State of the Art
• Energy Resolution: - 3.1 eV FWHM at 6 keV - 50 eV FWHM at 60 keV
• Time Resolution: - Counting Rate up to ~ 50 Hz per pixel without significant energy resolution degradation.
• Construction Technique: - Micromachining. 2x2 arrays currently in use. The proposed approach for 2-D arrays with large number of pixels is based on the superposition of linear arrays.
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
• Single Stage ADR Cryostat built in house. Minimum Temperature 42 Single Stage ADR Cryostat built in house. Minimum Temperature 42 mK. Hold Time at 60 mK longer than 2 days.mK. Hold Time at 60 mK longer than 2 days.
• Four channel fully wired read-out electronics to operate small arrays Four channel fully wired read-out electronics to operate small arrays of Semiconductor Thermistor Microcalorimetersof Semiconductor Thermistor Microcalorimeters..
Study of Absorber MaterialsStudy of Absorber Materials
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
(a) Lapped doped NTD-Ge wafer
(b) Attachment of a monolithic absorber foil
(c)Resist coating - Laser Microlithography
(d) Deep Wet Etching of Ge (~ 100 μm)
(e) Evaporation of electrical contacts on Ge
(g) Electrical connection to the support membrane
(h) Separation of absorbers
(f) Evaporation of electrical circuit on support thin membrane
Proposed Fully Planar Approach for the Construction of Arrays of Microcalorimeters with Ge Sensors
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Orientation (100) 4 hours etching
Orientation (100) 3 hours etching
Pyramidal Geometry Toroidal Geometry
Deep Wet Etching of Ge
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Plastic foils grazing incidence X-ray Optics (Collaboration with SAO and DSRI)
• Plastic is very light, elastic, cheap
• Plastic foils from common industrial applications have high surface smoothness by a combination of stretching and rolling
•Plastic foils replicate the figure of the mandrel but not the smoothness. Expensive superpolished mandrels not required
• Plastic has strong affinity to coating (single and multilayer)
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Surface roughness
AFM measurements show micro roughness of uncoated foils of 4 ÷ 7 Å (Chandra-HRMA has 3 ÷4 Å)
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Mounting the foils
• Vacuum hold-down mandrels to form cylindrical or conical shells• Foils hold inside grooves of the supporting wheels
• Epoxy cured while foils are still inside the mandrel
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
X-ray imaging tests of Cylindrical optics at XACT
FWHM ~ 10”
HPD ~ 2’
Imaging detectorX-ray Source
8 m 8 m
A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007A. Collura – Visiting Committee Presentation December 2007
Irradiation of Organic Samples
The XACT FACILITY is being used for the irradiation of organic samples in a program of Astrobiology that will be the subject of next talk