1

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0 8

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2)

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4)

0 0

80

5) 0

0

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1) 0 0

2) 8 0

0

80 0

3) 9 80

80

0 8 0

4) 8 0

0

8 8 0

0 0

X m , 2,4 3.4. 76

80

8 80 8

8 0

9 8

0 0 9 8 8 8 0

9 8 8

0 0 9 8 8 8 8 8 0

0 0

8 8 8 8 8 9 8 9 8

8 0

X M M

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890 8

8 80 8 8 0

8 0 8 0 0

9 8

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9 8 9

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9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

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80

80 8 80 0

80 0

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8 0

12

809

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vertebral body 8 9

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vertebral arch 8 9

vertebral foramen 8 1 09

transverse process spinous process superior articular process inferior articular process 80

2. cervical vertebrae

2-1.

80

8

9 9

foramen transversarium, transverse foramen 80 80

transverse process anterior tubercle9

posterior tubercle0

0

spinous process 0

rib 0

80 90

prominent vertebra 890

80

2-2.8

1st cervical vertebra (atlas) 9 0

vertebral body 8 8 0 8 8

lateral mass 9

anterior arch 9 9

posterior arch 0 spinous process 80 posterior tubercle 0

8 0 8 0

facet for dens 908 9

median atlanto-axial joint 09

superior articular facet 8

inferior articular facet 0

atlas 8

axis 808

lateral atlanto-axial joint 80

plane joint 0 dens anterior articular surface

facet for dens median atlanto-axial joint

80 pivot joint 0

80 0

2-3.8

2nd cervical vertebra (axis)

4

9 0

dens 0

8 0

3. thoracic vertebrae

9 0 8

89

superior costal facet inferior costal facet 0

8 2 0

89

transverse costal facet 0

80

11 12

8 2 0

80

8

intervertebral disc 8 3 0

9 8

superior vertebral notch8

inferior vertebral notch

8 9

intervertebral foramen 8 3 0

8 0

8 9 80

4. lumbar vertebrae

9 80

costal process

80

89 9 9 0

transverse process 80

0

superior articular

process 8

8 0

809 9

mammillary process 0 8 0

accessory process 0 0

8 8 8 9 8

k

3

N

N+1

ct hm u ct

5

sacralisation)0 8 0

5. sacrum

8

base of sacrum 8

809

promontory 890

0

88

base

8 apex 890

8 5 0

9

0 89 0

pelvic surface transverse ridges

80 anterior sacral foramina

80

dorsal surface dorsal sacral foramina 809

80 8 9 9

median sacral crest 0 9 9

intermediate sacral crest 0 8 9

lateral sacral crest 0

9

auricular surface 80 coxal bone 8 0

9 80 plane joint 80

6. coccyx coccygeal vertebrae 8

80 0

7. curve of vertebral column

cervical lordosis

thoracic kyphosis

lumbar lordosis 80

80

- FLN T

thorax 890

1. sternum

8

manubrium of sternum body of sternum xiphoid process 80 8

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80 8 80

8 0

manubrio-sternal synchondrosis

0 sternal angle 890 0

8 8 0

80

80 0 8

8 0

2. ribs

9

bony part of ribs costal cartilages 0 8

0

0 0

head of rib 9

8 0 0 80

0

8 8

9

90

8 12 / 0

80 1 2 11 12

0 8 0 9

8 1st rib 0 2nd rib 3rd rib

80 8 0 8

12 12th rib 0 11 11th rib 8 0

8 7th rib 8 8th rib

0

0 8

80 8 90

11 12 89

floating ribs 080 90

7

1 0 8 0

8

2 0

9

3 0

10

4 0

11

X m 3.4. 76 7 88.9 425-

,bs af

m H I PLK LE FL I N 0GN I 0

0 0

1. clavicle

809

sternal end 9

acromial end 0 8

0 2/3 1/3 9

0

clavicular notch sternal facet sternoclavicular joint 80 9 8 90

articular disc 8

0

2. scapula

09

acromion9 9

coracoid process glenoid cavity 0

costal surface 899

subscapular fossa 89

dorsal surface 89 spine of scapula 0

0

acromial facet of clavicle

clavicular facet 9 80

humerus head of humerus glenoid cavity

of scapula shoulder joint 80 8

medial, lateral and superior borders superior, lateral and inferior

angles 80 spine of scapula

acromion 80 acromial end

80 80

- H I PLK LE N MM N 4G A

arm forearm hand 09

0 1. humerus

8 0 head of humerus

0 89 9

olecranon fossa0 8 9 90

glenoid cavity 80 shoulder joint 890

8 90

12

8 9 8

anatomical neck 8

surgical neck 80 88 9 8

890 greater tubercle lesser tubercle body of humerus 8 0

0 8 0

8 9

medial epicondyle 8 9

lateral epicondyle 80

90 ulnar

nerve 0

80

ulnar paralysis 0

groove for ulnar n.

80

890

89 8 9 0

2.9

radius 80 superior end inferior end 8

0 8

8 0 medial border interosseous

border 8 0 0

dorsal tubercle

90

head of radius 89 9

capitulum

of humerus 9

humeroradial joint 809

articular circumferance 9

radial notch 9 9

superior radioulnar joint 80

3. ulna 80

8 trochlear notch 0

medial border9 8 9

ulnar styloid process 89

0 90

4.9

elbow joint

trochlear notch trochlear of

humerus humero-ulnar joint 8 6 09 9

coronoid process 9

coronoid fossa olecranon 9 9

olecranon fossa 80

13

capitulum of humerus 9

radial fossa humero-radial joint

80

articular circumferance

radial notch

sup. radioulnar joint

80

89

elbow joint 80 9

80

890

9 808 8

pronation8 8

supination 890 9

890

9 9

80

ulnar notch articular circumferance 9

inf.

radio-ulnar joint 80 8 908 8 8

8 8 8

90

80

5. carpal bones 9

9

8 0

8 8 8 0

80

90 89 9

capitate 0

9 head of capitate 0 89 9

hamate 0 99 9 9

hamulus

of hamate 09 9

pisiform 0 triquetrum 0 90

8 0

90

09 9

scaphoid 890

B

A

6

A

B

B

A6

An , m W-

14

908 9 8

trapezium9 9 8

trapezoid9

lunate0 0 8 90 9

8 8 0

8 8 1 90 proximal

row distal row 90 proximal distal

8 9 8 8 890 9

8 8 890

0 0

80 8 90

0

carpal groove 88 0

6.9

metacarpal(s)

909

palm, palmar region

09

8

90 0

90 8 0

3rd metacarpal bone 90 8 90 8

head 88 0 base 88

0 0

body 889

0 88 9

styloid process 0

8 8 0

0

909

saddle joint 80 3rd-5th metacarpal bones 8

80

9 9 8

9 0 8

8 90

7. phalanx/phalanges of the hand, phalangeal bone(s) phalanx phalanges 0

proximal phalanx middle phalanx distal phalanx 0

80

8 0

8 8 0

base body head 80

15

proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP joint) distal

interphalangeal joint (DIP joint) 80

8

0

8 hinge joint

80

9 8 9 0 9 9

5 0

16

6 0

17

7 0

18

8 0

19

X m 3.4. 76 7 47 .9 425- , m H I PLK LE 8 IRGB 0GN I

8 9 8

0

0

1. coal bone or hip bone

9

acetabulum Y 80 9

80

8 89

acetabular notch 0

8 89

acetabular fossa

8 89

lunate surface 0

1-1.9

ilium

9

ala of ilium 9 9

iliac crest 899 9

anterior

superior iliac spine 9 9 9

posterior superior iliac spine 80

anterior superior iliac spine

0 Spina iliaca anterior superior

0

iliac crest 8

internal lip8

external lip 8 intermediate line 89

80

80

8 Jacoby's line 88

0 80

8

9 0

0

8

89 8

7 09

McBurney'spoint) 0

9

auricular surface 8 8 80

sacro-iliac joint 88

8 plane joint 0

89

iliac tuberosity 890

0

sacropelvic surface 890

7

k y

20

9 9

arcuate line 890

1-2. ischium ischial tuberosity 80

90

ischial spine 0

greater sciatic notch lesser sciatic notch 0

1-3. pubis, pubic bone body of pubic bone superior ramus inferior

ramus 80

acetabulum 8 iliopubic

eminence 0

pecten of pubic bone 88 pubic tubercle 89 80 arcuate line

80

0 9 8 0

symphysial surface

8 pubic symphysis 0

2. pelvis 80 0

9

80 terminalline, linea terminalis 88 greater pelvis lesser pelvis 0

0 true pelvis)

pelvic cavity 890 89

false pelvis 890

80

superior pelvic aperture 0

inferior pelvic aperture

8 0

- OH I PLK LE N 4LS N 4G A

0

1.8 8

femur 80 head of femur 9

0 0

8

greater trochanter 9

lesser trochanter intertrochanteric

line 9

intertrochanteric crest 80 shaft or body of femur neck of femur 0

21

linea aspera 8

lateral lip gluteal tuberosity

lateral epicondyle 808

medial lip pectineal line medial epicondyle

80

80

lateral condyle medial

condyle 0

8 8 8

8 0

0

0

0

0

120

8 8 0

8 fovea of

head of femur trochanteric fossa intercondylar

fossa 0

80

hip joint 80

flexion extension adduction

abduction internal rotation (

9 external rotation 9

80

80

8 90

acetabular lip8 8 9 8

ligament of head of femur 0

2.8

patella

quadriceps femoris muscle sesamoid bone 0 890

0

0

80 8 anterior surface

articular surface 0 base

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of patella apex of patella 0

8 8

0

8

0

0

8 0

9 0

3.8

tibia 501 80 8 0

08

9 medial malleolus) 0

intercondylar eminence

medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles superior articular

surfaces 0 ant. intercondylar area

post. intercondylar area 890

anterior border medial

surface 80

9 0

8 0

malleolar groove 80 9

medial malleolus 80

knee joint 890

9 8

80 medial meniscus

lateral meniscus 8 0

patellar surface articular surface

80

8 80

8 8

0

4. fibula

8 0

0

m m

23

8 8 0 8

lateral malleolus

8 head of fibula 0 8

8

0

8 0

90

malleolar articular surface 8

malleolar fossa

0 0

anterior border interosseous border

posterior border medial surface

lateral surface posterior surface 0

1/3 medial crest 89

80 Y

8 0

8

80 tibiofibular joint

tibiofibular syndesmosis crural

interosseous membrane 10 0

fibular articular surface articular

surface of head of fibula 88

tibiofibular joint 0 fibular notch 8 tibiofibular

syndesmosis 0 8 80

9 80

80

8 9 90

5. tarsal bones

90 89

calcaneus 0 8 talus 0 90 8

9 9

navicular 0 head of talus

8 809

cuboid 0

8 809

cuneiform bones 8 6P 9

8 90 98 9

medial cuneiform 9 9

intermediate cuneiform8 9

lateral cuneiform 0

8 90

0

0

1k m

24

D D N

1

1

1

M

1

I

1

N

1

1 1

LT

1 1

T

1 1

T

1

IP F

MP

C F

m m m

0

80

proximal

row

distal row

80

8 0

8 0

9

0

8

sustentaculum tali 80

9 9

groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus 80 anterior, middle, and posterior talar articular surfaces

anterior, middle, and posterior calcaneal articular surfaces 8

9 80 9

809

tarsal sinus 890 cuboidal articular surface, articular surface for cuboid

80

inferior articular surface malleolar articular surface

malleolar articular surface8

talocrucial joint 080

6.9

metatarsals, metatarsal bones 0 90

0 80

0

25

7. phalanx/phalanges of the foot, phalangeal bone(s) phalanx phalanges 0

proximal phalanx9

middle phalanx distal phalanx 0

0

8

proximal interphalangeal joints; PIP joints8

distal interphalangeal joints; DIP joints0

9 0 89 9 0

8 8 0

0

26

27

10 0

28

11 0

X o

29

X em 3 44 8,9

1.9 8

cranium 80 89

89 8 0 9 8

neurocranium viscerocranium 0

80

Nomina Anatomica 89 0

80

occipital bone ( )

9 8

sphenoid ( ) temporal bone ( )

parietal bone ( )

frontal bone ( )

ethmoidal bone ( )

9 8

inf. nasal concha ( )

8

lacrimal bone ( )

nasal bone ( )

vomer ( ) maxilla ( )

palatine bone ( )

9

zygomatic bone ( ) mandible ( )

hyoid bone ( )

sphenoidal bone sphenoid 890 ethmoidal bone ethmoid 890

2. external surface of calvaria

9 8

890

8 8 09 9

suture

8909 9 9

sagittal suture9 9 9

coronal suture lambdoid suture 80

parietal foramen 8 809 9 9 9

parietal emissary

vein 09 9

emissary veins 0

8 0

fontanelles 890

8

6 2

16 A 5

8

X M M

30

8 12 0

anterior fontanelle 0 0

0 0

posterior fontanelle 0 0

fontanelle fountain (spring) -lle 8 0

80anterior fontanelle

80 0 9

8 8 8 0

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9 8 9 8 0

8 0

8

8 0 8 0

10 8 8

8 0

8 9 8 0

89 0 3. internal surface of calvaria

sagittal suture coronal suture lambdoid suture

80

89 9 9 9

groove for superior sagittal sinus0 sinus 9

8 0

8 frontal crest

internal occipital protuberance 80

8 0

89 9

granular foveolae 0

0

arterial grooves, groove for arteries 89

9 groove for middle meningeal a. 9

foramen spinosum 89 80

4. cut surface of calvaria

compact bone 8

external table 8

internal

table spongy bone9

diploe 80

diploic canals 80 diploic veins

31

0 0

5.8 8 8

internal cranial base 890

8 80

anterior cranial fossa

middle cranial fossa

posterior cranial fossa

80

cribriform plate 8 8 89

cribriform foramina 0

8

crista galli 8 08 9

0

8 80

optic canal ⇄ ⇄ 0

superior orbital fissure ⇄ ⇄ 0

8 9

foramen rotundum ⇄ ⇄ 0

8 9

internal opening of carotid canal ⇄ ⇄ ⇄⇄ 0

9

foramen ovale ⇄ ⇄ 0

9

foramen spinosum ⇄ ⇄ 0 8 80

jugular foramen ⇄ ⇄ 0

foramen magnum ⇄ ⇄ 0

pyramid, petrosal part of temporal bone

13 0 0

80

890

8 89 8 8

9 9

groove for superior petrosal sinus 0 apex of

petrous part of temporal bone 80

89

foramen lacerum 0 carotid canal

internal opening 8

internal opening of carotid canal 14 0

anterior surface of petrosal part

trigeminal impression groove for greater

3

3

3

3

3

A

B

1

1

3

m

hypoglossal

32

petrosal n.

hiatus for greater petrosal n.

groove for

lesser petrosal n.

hiatus for

lessor petrosal n.9 9 9

arcuate eminence

8

14 0

0

internal

acoustic opening internal acoustic meatus fundus of internal acoustic meatus9

subarcuate fossa external opening of vestibular canaliculus 8

16 0

vestibular canaliculus vestibular

aqueduct 88 0

80

8

8 80

cochlear

aqueduct

cochlear

canaliculus

8 8 0

5.8 9 8 8

external cranial

1

4

1

1

4

u ct okp

1

6 1

6

6

6

6

k

33

base

8 9 9

stylomastoid foramen 90 facial canal 0 0

8 90

condylar canal 9 9

mastoid foramen 80

0

occipital condyle atlanto-occipital

joint 80 0 8

8 80

80

foramen magnum

clivus

occipital condyle

jugular foramen

condylar canal

hypoglossal canal

mastoid process

mastoid notch

groove for occipital a.

mastoid foramen

styloid process

stylomastoid foramen

external opening of carotid

canal foramen lacerum

mandibular fossa

foramen spinosum

foramen ovale

34

12 0

35

13 0

36

X em 3 44 8,9

, m m

1. orbital cavity 0 8 17A 0

superior wall (roof) 0

inferior wall (floor) 0

medial wall 0

lateral wall 0

8 80 17B

optic canal ⇄ ⇄

ant. ethmoidal foramen ⇄ ⇄

post. ethmoidal foramen ⇄ ⇄

infraorbital groove ⇄ ⇄ ⇄ ⇄

sup. orbital fissure ⇄ ⇄

inf. orbital fissure ⇄ ⇄

8

nasolacrimal canal ⇄ ⇄ zygomatico-orbital foramen ⇄ ⇄ ⇄ ⇄

⇄ 0

2.9 9

zygomatic arch zygomatic bone temporal process temporal bone

zygomatic process 80

zygomatico-facial foramen zygomatico-orbital foramen

zygomatico-temporal foramen 80 8 zygomatic canal

0

Y 0

zygomatic n. 0

80

6

5

B

6

5

B

B

5B

5

B

B

A ( )

A (

m u ct , kv -

37

3.9

nasal cavity

9 9

piriform aperture

8 18 09

nasal septum

8 80

perpendicular

plate of ethmoidal bone vomer 8

nasal septum

cartilaginous nasal septum

bony nasal septum 8

8

0

9 9

choanae 8 19 09

80

choanae [ / ] 80

8 99 9 8 9 9

8 9 8

809 9

9 9 9

89 20 0 cribriform plate

8 20 09

cribriform foramina 8 8 80

80

orbital cavity nasolacrimal canal inf. nasal meatus

8 80

9 9 8 9

sphenopalatine foramen 9 8

pterygopalatine fossa 8 8 0

m

7

5 A B 5u ct

1

38

8 21

9 80

4.9

paranasal sinus

9 9

frontal sinus9 9

maxillary sinus9 8 9

sphenoidal sinus9

ethmoidal

sinus9 9

ethmoidal cells 80 8

80

80

5.9 8

bony palate

0 2/3 9 8

palatine process of maxilla1/3 horizontal plate of palatine bone 8 80

9 9 8 9 9

transverse palatine suture 80 9 9 8

hard palate 9 8

soft palate 0

8 8 9 8

0

incisive fossa9

incisive foramina incisive canal

2

1

2

u ct

39

80

8

0 8 8 80

8 9 8 9

greater palatine foramen 9 8

pterygopalatine fossa 80

6.

6-1. pterygoid process

body of sphenoid bone greater wing pterygoid

process 80

medial plate lateral plate 8 V

8 8 8 8 0

8 80

6-2.9

infratemporal fossa condylar process mandibular fossa

80 ramus of mandible8

8 80

8 0

809

pterygomaxillary fissure 88 0 inferior orbital fissure 80

0

80

pterygomaxillary fissure ⇄ ⇄ 0 0

foramen ovale ⇄ ⇄ 0 0

foramen spinosum ⇄ ⇄ 0 0

inferior orbital fissure ⇄ ⇄ 0

0

6-3.9 8

pterygopalatine fossa 8

80 maxillary n.

pterygopalatine ganglion maxillary a. 0 8

8 0

80 22 0

40

8 8

0 88

0

90

pterygomaxillary fissure

⇄ ⇄

infratemporal fossa foramen rotundum ⇄

⇄

inf. orbital fissure

⇄ ⇄

greater palatine canal

⇄ ⇄

sphenopalatine foramen

⇄ ⇄

pterygoid canal ⇄ ⇄

7. mandible

0 0 mandibular joint 0 L L body of mandible

ramus of mandible 23 0

mandibular foramen mandibular canal

mental foramen 8 8 9 0

condylar process coronoid process

8 mandibular notch 80

0

temporal m.

0

head of mandible

8 8

neck of mandible 0

8

pterygoid fovea 0

lateral

pterygoid muscle 0

head of mandible

5

5

5

- 7

1 -

m k m u t

2

L

3

m m

41

mandibular fossa mandibular joint 80

80 hinge joint

9 9 0

mental protuberance base of mandible angle of

mandible alveolar process 80

16 0

42

14 0

43

15 0

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