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www.autismtreatmenttrust.orgwww.loreneamet.net •
Lyme Disease in Autism: Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Introduction
Inflammation/ oxydative stress
Diagnosis
Disease paradigm Antibiotic Treatment
Naturopathic approaches
A parent perspective
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Lyme disease is spread by the bite of ticks of the genus Ixodes (deer tick) that are infected with Borrelia burgdorferi.
USA: Essentially Borrelia burgdorferi.Europe: B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi, and occasionally other species of borrelia
Scanning electron micrograph image of Borrelia burgdorferi. Image-Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
Lyme Disease Agents
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Two Year Life-Cycle Deer Tick
Life cycle of Borrelia is linked to the tick life cycle
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Reported Cases of Lyme Disease—United States, 2010. Source CDC
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Lyme Disease Symptoms
Early Symptoms(Acute)
Late Symptoms(Chronic)
Erythema migrans seen in 50% of peopleLess frequently still in EU
Common symptoms:Profound fatigueChills, sweats ad skin flushesMigrating arthralgiaMuscle pain/ twitchingSevere headachesTremorsNumbness/ Tingling sensations, pain shiftingCranial nerves disturbancesCont...
“The Great Imitator”
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Neurological symptoms associated with late stage Lyme disease:Progressive dementiaSeizure disordersALS-like symptoms (similar to Lou Gehrig’s disease)Gillian-Barre-like symptomsMultiple Sclerosis-like symptomsParkinson’s disease-like symptomsOther extrapyramidal disordersVisual disturbances or loss
Loss of attention/ executive functions, auditory and mental tracking and memory retrieval. These will impact on:
Memory functionsLanguage functionsVisual and spatial processingAbstract reasoningProcessing speed
Lyme Disease Symptoms Cont.
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The prolonged immune response, trying to fight Borrelia burgdorferi infection, causes most of the symptoms of Lyme disease, including joint inflammation, skin changes, and neurological problems.
Systemic inflammation
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Characteristic morphology of Borrelia burgdorferi (Dark field microscopy images of Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 showing the usual spiral form of spirochetes (A) and their agglomeration into colony-like masses (B)
Spirochete and colony-like Borrelia forms
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Rolled and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdoferi spirochetes observed after one week of culture in medium to which Thioflavin S had been added.
Cystic Borrelia forms
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Atypical and cystic Borrelia forms following 1 week exposure of primary neuronal and astrocytic cultures to Borrelia burgdorferi. C: OspA positive Borrelia spirochetes closely surrounding neurons (strain B31). D: Atypical filamentous and ring-shaped cystic, apparently intra-cellular spirochetes in a neuron (strain B31).
Intracellular and cystic Borrelia forms
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Chronic neuroinflammation in the frontal cortex of a patient with Lyme neuroborreliosis. First column (A, D and G): Accumulation of HLA-DR (A) and CD68 (D) immunoreactive microglia forming clumps, and GFAP (G) positive large reactive astrocytes in the frontal cortex of a patient with Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Systemic Inflammation in Lyme’s Disease
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Systemic inflammation in Autism
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Diagnosis of Lyme1- Detection of Borrelia agents
PCR, Serology and Elispot
2- Co-infections: Ehrlichia, Babesia, Bartonella, Yersinia, Toxoplasma gondii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and other potential infections that can affect health: Streptococcus A, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Borrelia burgdorferi2- Clinical symptoms of chronic infection
Sweating, excessive thirst, level of activity, fatigue, body temperature regulation issues, muscle tones, skin flushing, rash, motor and cognitive functions, pain, hearing sensitivity.
3- Complementary lab workNatural Killer cell counts: NK1, NK2, NK3Complete blood countInflammation MarkersAuto-immune issuesLiver/ Kidney functionNutritional markersHormonal profile
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Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH, NHS:
Chronic Lyme does not exist.Advise against long-term antibiotic treatment.No other treatment considered.
International Lyme And Associated Diseases Society (ILADS):
Symptoms of Chronic Lyme are real and associated with remaining BorreliaLong-term treatment of infection is required.
The Lyme War
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Treatment OptionsGeneral points
Remove StressorsGF/CF –SCD- Sugar etc.
AllergensToxins
Optimal metabolism & physiologyNutritionDigestion
Immune systemLiver & kidney functions
Hormonal
Treat the InfectionThree Borrelia stages to consider
& Potential co-infections
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Example of antibiotic regimen
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Heirxheimer reaction proves that inflammation causes a wide range of behavioural and healthDisturbances
Cholestyramine- Questran ideally version without Aspartame
Activated charcoal
Aspirin
Hydrocortisone (100mg) During AB treatment
Prednisolone during AB treatment
Systemic Enzymes e.g Wobenzymes
Breaks in treatments
Sauna/ detoxification
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Other problems associated with prolonged antibiotic use
•Yeast and clostridia flare ups
•Liver and kidney function
•Heart
•Eye sight
•Drug-drug interaction
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Core protocol Andrographis Paniculata standardised to 10% andrographolids
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-malarial, vermicidal, immunostimulant, sedative, hepatoprotective. Crosses blood brain barrier. Neuroborreliosis, low immune function.
Japanese Knotweed (Resvertrol) Broadly systemic plant. Acts against a number of Gram + and Gram - bacteria. Enhahnces blood flow. Co-Infection, Neuroborreliosis. Anti-viral (Herpes etc). Anti-inflammatory (diminish arachidonic acid pro-inflammatory metabolites and raises white blood cell count).
Cat's Claw (uncaria tomentosa) immune potentiator, anti-inflammatory, cognition, raises NK cell count, raises neutrophil cell count., late stages of chronic infection, helps with memory deficit and relaxes the CNS.
Astragalus Immune enhancer, modulator, stimulant, antiviral, antibacterial, GI tract. Good for Lyme residing in an endemic area, chronic fatigue, night sweats, pre and early Lyme- may not be suitable in late Lyme if auto-immune issues coexist. Ehrlichia infection. Inhibit NF-KB pathway. Improved issues of memory impairement in Lyme
Smilax Systemic plant, Heirxheimer- binds to toxins in the blood, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiv viral, neuroprotective, antioxydant, antifungal, anti fatigue. Enhences cognitive function. Neuroborreliosis.
Bee Venom Potent antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflammatoryExtending the protocol Siberian Ginseng (Eleuthero) Strongly initiate response to spirochete infection. Immune tonic and potentiator,
adrenal tonic, antidepressant, mental clarity, restore energy levels.
Kalmegh, Lycopodium clavatum also used for epilepsy, Periwinkle (vinpocetine) (V minor, V major), cerebral blood flow and cognitive function. Red Root (Ceanothus americanus or equivalent) Artemesinin (Artemisia annua), Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) surijan-i-talkh etc.
Buhner’s protocol
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Alternative Treatment Options?Electromedicine –Rifle machineMortar Oscillatory Rate (MOR)