WWII

Part Two:America at War

• Evaluate the role of Americans on the “home front” in the conduct of WWII.

• How did WWII alter social and economic life in the United States?

Review: Isolation to War• Japan invades Manchuria

(31) Hoover-Stimson Doctrine

• Ethiopia, SP CW, Rhineland, Panay (35-37) Neutrality Acts, Quarantine Speech, Ludlow Amend

• Anschluss, Hitler breaks Munich, Invasion of Poland (38-39)Neutrality Act of 39 (cash and carry weapons), “Arsenal of Democracy”

• Fall of France, Battle of Britain (40-41) Destroyer for Bases, Congress authorizes huge military buildup, Selective Service Act, Embargo of specific materials against Japan

• FDR elected for 3rd term (begins 41); Germany invades USSR “Four Freedoms” Speech, Lend-Lease, convoy system, Atlantic Charter, Froze Japanese Assets in US, additions to Embargo against Japan, including oil

Learning Targets

• I can analyze how Americans contributed to the war effort on the home front in WWII.

• I can analyze the causes, conduct, and consequences of WWII.

• I can explain how WWII affected US culture, politics, and economy.

• I can explain how WWII changed the US government and its role in the world.

America’s War Aims• Atlantic Charter (8/41)

– No aggrandizement– No territorial changes

against the will of those concerned

– Respect the rights of People to choose their own governments

– Freedom of the Seas• 26 nations sign Atlantic

Charter (1/42)

• “Four Freedoms” (1/41)– Speech– Worship– From want– From fear

WWII, in General

• Largest conflict in world history

• Two Theaters• Europe First• Two Strategies– 41-43: N. Africa, Invasion

of Italy– 44-45: Operation

overlord, Invasion of W. Europe

WWII: Europe• Invasion of Poland (9/39)• Fall of France (6/40)• Hitler invades USSR (6/41)• Battle of the Atlantic, begins

before US enters war• Stalingrad (8/42)• Operation Torch, N. Africa

(11/42)• Invasion of Italy (9/43)• Operation Overlord (6/44)• V-E Day (5/45)

WWII, in General• Pearl Harbor (12/41)• Japan attacks Guam,

Philippines• Navy dominates Pacific

Theater • Battle of the Coral Sea

(5/42)• Battle of Midway (6/42)• Island Hopping• Fierce Japanese Resistance• Bombs (8/45)

Mobilization of Forces

• Selective Service Act expanded

• 16 million men & women serve

• WAC’s and Waves• African Americans• Native Americans

Mobilization of the Economy:

• War Production Board• War Labor Board• Office of Price

Administration• Office of Scientific

Research and Development

Social Changes: Demographics

• Growth of the Sunbelt States

Social Changes: Women

• Labor Force• Increase in household

wages• After

Social Changes: African Americans

• Detroit Race Riots• A Philip Randolph– March on Washington

Movement– Fair Employment

Practices Committee (8802)

Social Changes: Mexican Americans

• Bracero Program• Zoot Suit Riots

WWII

Part Two:America at War

(2nd video)

Social Changes: Japanese Americans

• Executive Order 9066• Korematsu v. US

Paying for the War

• Defense Spending– $8.9 billion (39)– $95.2 billion (45)

• $321 billion (41-45)• ~45% paid by taxes• Liberty Bonds

• Office of War Information– Bond Drives– Victory Gardens– Recycling

At War: Diplomacy

• United Nations Declaration (1/42)

• The Grand Alliance– The Allies– The Big Three

At War: Diplomacy

• Casablanca Conference (1/43)– “unconditional

surrender”– The soft underbelly of

Europe

At War: Diplomacy

• Tehran Conference (9/43)– 1st for the Big Three– Agree on invasion of

western Europe– Disagreements

At War: Diplomacy

• Yalta Conference (2/45)– “Declaration of Liberated

Europe”– UN to begin in April– Germany divided

At War: Diplomacy

• Potsdam (7-8/45)– Truman, Stalin, and

Clement Attlee– Truman’s hint– Disagreements

At War: The Bomb

• Manhattan Project• Hiroshima & Nagasaki

The Aftermath

• 45-55m. deaths, 35m. wounded, 3m. missing

• 405,000 Am. deaths• Destruction of property• Holocaust– Evian Conference

• Emergence of Super Powers

The Aftermath

• The division of Germany• The fate of Eastern

Europe• Rise of nationalism in

former colonial territories

• Technology

The Aftermath

• War + New Deal + continuation of both= massive government debt

• Cold War