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• WWI was so big, the entire US economy had to be refocused on the war effort (388)

– Business & Government work together

– Congress gave President Wilson direct control over much of the economy• Fix prices & nationalize war-related

industries

• War Industries Board (WIB) – Federal agency that regulated the economy– Leader was Bernard M.

Baruch– Encouraged companies to

use mass production techniques to increase efficiency

• Set production quotas and allocated raw materials

– Under WIB industrial production increased by 20%

• Railroad and Fuel Administrations regulated the economy– Fuel Administration:

monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil• Day-light saving time

introduced in 1918 to conserve energy – longer days

• War Economy–Wages go up – but

makes little difference because price of goods like food and housing go up too

–Unions BOOM

• Because UNIONS BOOM…

• President Wilson establishes National War Labor Board in 1918

• The War Labor Board said that workers who refused to obey board decisions were given the ultimatum of “WORK OR FIGHT”

• BUT….National Labor Board also helps workers– Improved factory

conditions– Pushed for 8 hour

work day– Enforced child

labor ban

• FOOD ADMINISTRATION–Set-up by President

Wilson• Government steps in to help produce and conserve food–Meatless day–Sweetless day

• MUST CONVINCE AMERICANS TO..

–Raise money

–Support the War

• WAR FINANCING: (390)– US spent $35.5 Billion on

war• Through taxes• Selling “Liberty Loans”

and “Victory Loans”–Movie stars promote

sale of these loans (PROPAGANDA)

• COMMITTEE on PUBLIC INFORMATION (CPI)

– Propaganda – biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions – promote the war

– George Creel was head of CPI

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• ANTI-IMMIGRATION HYSTERIA:– Attacks on Germans and those from

Austria-Hungary• Americans with German names

lost their jobs• Schools stopped teaching the

German language • Changed name of food from

“hamburger” to “liberty sandwich”

• ESPIONAGE & SEDITION ACTS:– FINED OR JAIL TIME FOR

INTERFERING WITH THE WAR EFFORT OR SAYING BAD THINGS ABOUT WAR EFFORT OR OUR GOVERNMENT

– THEY VIOLATED THE FIRST AMENDMENT

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• AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR– W.E.B Du Bois – believed

blacks should join the war effort to strengthen class for racial justice

– William Monroe Trotter – thought blacks should not support a racist government

– Most Blacks supported war

• THE GREAT MIGRATION

–Large-scale movement of hundreds of southern blacks to northern cities

• Escape Jim Crow Laws

• WHY GREAT MIGRATION

1. Escape racial discrimination in the south

2. More job opportunities in the North

• WOMEN IN THE WAR–Took jobs held

exclusively by men–Congress passed the

19th Amendment allowing women to vote; ratified by the state’s in 1920

• THE FLU EPIDEMIC

–Hurt the economy because people dying which caused a loss of labor

–Killed as many as 500,000 Americans