ww2 details.ppt
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World War II
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What was WWII?
Largest war in human history.
Involved countries, colonies, and territoriesaround the entire world.
By the end, over 70 million were dead.
It lasted from 1939 until 1945.
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Causes
WWI and the Treaty of Versailles
AppeasementRise of Totalitarianism
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WWI and the Treaty ofVersailles
Germany lost land tosurrounding nations
War reparations Allies collect $ to pay
back war debts to US Germany pays $57trillion (modern dayequivalent)
Germans are bankrupt,
embarrassed, guiltridden, and angry.
Desperate people turnto desperate leaders
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Appeasement Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you
alone.
Hitler demanded land that wasnt Germanys and others just gave it
to him.
Nations were trying to prevent warit didnt work. (Isolationism)
Appeasement just showed Hitler that he could do whatever he
wanted.
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Peace
in OurTime!
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Rise of Totalitarianism
A system in which the state and its leaderhave nearly TOTAL control.
Individual rights are not viewed as important as the
needs of the nation. No right to vote
No free speech
Government controlled economy
Often a police state
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Totalitarianism
USSR:Communist
Dictatorship
Germany & Italy:Fascist
Dictatorship
Japan:Military
Dictatorship
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Adolf Hitler-Germany
Hideki Tojo -
Japan
Benito Mussolini-Italy
Josef Stalin-USSR
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What is Fascism?
Political belief that says the individual isless important than the nation.
Glorifies violence, believes it is needed toprove strength of a people.
Uses nationalism and racism.
Dictatorships. Italy and then Germany became fascist.
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How did WWII start?
Germany invaded Poland to getlebensraum
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What did Hitler Want?
Militarism- soon after becoming chancellor hebegins rearming Germany breaking the Treaty ofVersailles
Rhineland- moves troops into the Rhineland
territory again breaking the Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum- living space
Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938
Sudetenland territory in Czechoslovakia Given to Germany by Great Britain and France
Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia Whats this called? ______________________
On to Poland
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How did WWII start?
Germany invaded Poland.
Allies declare war on Germany.
Germany then invades France, Belgium, etc.
Then Hitler invades Russia.
Germans use blitzkrieg to overwhelm other
armies. Blitzkrieg means lightening war in German.
Surround with tanks and troops in trucks.
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Who was on each side?
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allied Powers
Great Britain
Soviet Union
United States
France
Surrendered to
Germany in 1940 after6 weeks
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What about the Pacific War?
The US (mostly) fought the Japanese.
December 7, 1941 Japan bombed PearlHarbor in Hawaii to sink US ships there.
Two hours = most US navy destroyed and2,000 sailors killed
Japan surrenders after US drops atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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How did WWII end in Europe?
Operation Overlord- Allied invasion ofFrance. Also called D-Day.
Within a month 1 million Allied troops were
stationed in Europe.
Germany is surrounded with the USSR to theeast
Germany surrenders in 1945 after Hitlercommits suicide.
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How did WWII end in Europe?
Alliesdivide Germany up between them.
This helps start the Cold War.
Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) totry the people responsible for the war.
Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.
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What was the Holocaust?
Nazi plan to kill all Jews.
Why? Hitlers provided a to Germanys problems
6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)
Total of 11 million exterminated
What is genocide?
Purposely trying to exterminate an entire groupof people (ethnic, religious, racial).
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Quick Facts
War Costs US Debt 1940 - $9 Billion
US Debt 1945 - $98 Billion
WWII cost $330 billion10 times thecost of WWI & equivalent to allprevious federal spending since 1776
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Losses of the Major Wartime Powers in WWII,1939-1945
Germany 4.5 million military
2 million civilian
Japan 2 million military
350,000 civilians
Italy 400,000 military
100,000 civilian
China 2.5 million military
7.4 million civilians
USSR 10 million military
10 million civilians
Great Britain 300,000 military
50,000 civilians
France 250,000 military
350,000 civilian
United States 274,000 military