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\ jrxoxmngd lpwvng tg`pomj jvpobj|omno t|ntomg thtnoocmjbn cgiopt~ RR |jlcg | knxcgpj|rinbk

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wrxm~bk n vnrgem~bk |~vj|nghtnobk-

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vptgt eoxi vj dgd pjhtnbobk-

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vj rxpjmng Mngengb n Owrxpnn- \ Xwpbdn mo apjmbng otdox~bine n gwpjvgdrine jvgpj|o~ jhhtno~ mngengbing-

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hom~bk to|opx~bk | vpjxjijobk dglj tgtmo n|~domng jpot vpt~xjbtjm~bk | gh~bdn mngengbingd hom~bk

t oix jrj`j|~bk Ko | RR- \ ~bnjp~rng ripgcjm~e | Hobkow hmno ?>-1-?>21 p- vnro K j hocrt~bk

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| Egicge`wplnn# | Tol`nw Pwkp~ nmo Lpm~e criw- \vptgp|obk enht~ vwbtoen vptgrtghge

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+Op`gnxrlgegnmrbkoax. Pj`obko- \x~e bkopoixgptg vpj|ohtn vmngd lpwv pj`jbt +Op`gnxrlpwvvg. |

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T`wptjmj p|mng `wmingp 0- Ipgeoxjpnwe Q |~rohtjmj | vj|ngxptg | hmnw wbngbtin tojln t j`jtw-

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Hw bt mod`ophtngd ijevpjenxwdb~bk oix nhjiwegmx| j`jtj|~bk |~|ngtnjmj cw` tmnrtbtjmj-

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|~r~o t J|nbneno |nirtg xpomrvjpx~ |nmn| hj nmm~bk j`jt| |l` Mngengb- Hmno ?; rx~btmno

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Hmno 0< rx~btmno ?>87 p- j`t j|nbnerin tjrxo |~t|jcjm~ vptgt Open Pohtngbi-82

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doij ijegmhomx J|nbneno vjmjrn jhvj|nghtnocmj to |rt~rxij# bj rn htnoj | j`jtng#

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Jhvj|nohodb mo v~xomno# hjx~btbg dglj vptg~ naoix| t ~bno jrj`nrxglj# K mng

ajpewj|o mnlh~ jhvj|nghtn |xoin rvjr`# doin dgrx x~vj|~ hco jr` wrnwdb~bk vptghrxo|n rn

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wbtwbnj|- \tjpj|~e RR%eomge ejlo `~ x~cij xoio dghmjrxio# ixpo top|mj vptgrxoo

e~cg ip~x~btmng# doi n|~t`~o rn ohgi|oxm~bk pgoibdn wbtwbnj|~bk# o vptghg |rt~rxine

|rvbtwbno |j`cnbtw aoix|# |~|jwdb~bk wvptgbnxmglj btj|ngio ~|~ vpjbgr gejbdjmocm~

n jipgcjm~ rvjr` htnoomno- +---. RR%eomn# ixpt~ ewrngcn `~ rxocg wxpt~e~|omn

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| ijmxppg|jcwb~dm~e movnbnw## vj|nmmn ~cn eng gtwrxommng vptgh jbt~eo j`ngix mngmo|nbn %

|pjlo# ixp~ mng vjt|oco`~ jro`m nbk ljxj|jbn hj olpgr~|mglj htnoomno- V~xo

~hj|rio# r~rxgeox~btmng molp~|omo n vwrtbtomo | pwbk# ejlo `~ tox|jbn torxvnjmo v~x

ijewmnrx~btm# eorjri# jcrtg|nbi# rj|nori nxv-

+---. Htngdg ijegmhomxo j`jtw ijmbgmxpob~dmglj | J|nbnenw eoj eod |rvcmglj

t voxjlpoan-Pwhjca K mng `~ omn mngmjpeocm~e jrj`mninge x~vw ejpoc nmromnx~# omn `gtwbtwbnj|~e

vr~bkjvox# omn btj|nginge# ixp~ |~iot~|o ingh~ijc|ngi rijmmjbn vptgrxvbtg cw`

xgmhgmbdg roh~rx~btmg- @~ jm jrj`mninge j`ophtj vptgbnxmgd nmxgcnlgmbdn# rijmm~e jh

htngbnrx|o# htnin |v~|je pjhj|nrij|~e# hj eoj ip~x~btmglj wdej|omno tdo|nri n hj

ox|glj vjhvjpthij|~|omno rn |rtgcinglj pjhtodw owxjp~xgxje9 % xglj pjhtodw cwhtn

rvjx~ioe~ `ophtj btrxj- @~ btj|nginge toeimnx~e | rj`ng# owx~rx~btm~e n mng|xvcn|ng

|pocn|~e +j r|jnrxgd |pocn|jbn rbkntjx~enio.# enej n mng wdo|mno r|jnbk pgoibdn

wbtwbnj|~bk9 % rbkntjx~eni| xoinbk t bgbkoen vr~bkjvox~btm~en dgrx boo eoro |ioh~e

ipodw- @~ btj|nginge vpt~t|~btodjm~e jh |btgrmgd ejhjbn hj mngtengpmng vj|omglj

xpoixj|omno r|jnbk j`j|nti| nrvgmnomno nbk t|ngci rwengmmjbn nljpcn|jbn % bj

t|~icne~ w|oo to bmjx- @~ p|mng dghmjrxi# ixp jipgco rn t|~icg enomge `ophtj

ejbmglj btj|ngio tmngbjhtngmmng rvjx~iom rn |jcn# w ixpglj dghmoi xg |obn|jbn#

|~ijpt~rxomg wengdxmng vptgt knxcgp~te# wdo|mno~ rn l|mng | rvpo|obk xpolnbtm~bk hco janop

dglj htnoocmjbn-

cghtb hjiohmng htngdg dglj ~bno ejmo rn vptgijmo# doi vjh |v~|ge vg|m~bk |~hoptg

knrxjp~btm~bk n jipgcjmglj pjhj|nrio rvjgbtmglj# tixp~e t|ntomg `~~ dglj cjr~# jh`~|oo

rn rxjvmnj|o egxoejpajto xgd rvjgbtmng mnglh~ mngrtijhcn|gd dghmjrxin |jipgcjm~ x~v

egmxocmjbn aort~rxj|ringd# doi w|opwmij|omo tjrxoo xo vptgenomo vptgt bt~mmnin moxwp~

rjbdjcjlnbtmgd# doi modvngp| vpgiwprjpt~ knxcgp~tew# o vjxge nhgjcjlno mopjhj|jrjbdocnrx~btmo

vptgirtxobn~ ejhjbnomglj Pwhjcao Ko# j`hoptjmglj ~|~en vjbtwbnoen gx~btm~en#

| vptgrxvb mngrvjx~iomgd enop~# ixp~ |ngpmng rwb aort~|gd n t`pjhmnbtgd nhgjcjlnn# wxjm

| jxbkomn vptgrxvrx| knxcgpj|rinbk-81

\ghwl @pjrtoxo vpt~vohgi Ko |riotwdg dormj nhj`nxmng# g eorj|~ ejph mng bkjhtn ijmngbtmng

| voptg t jrj`nrx~e jipwbngrx|ge# t hno`jcnbtm~e roh~tege# t `pwxocm rwpj|jbn n t xoi t|om~e

tgt|ngptbgmnge# ixpg rj`ng mon|mng |~j`pooe~ doij bgbk~ ejphgpb~- Pijvnr~ Ko poh~iocmng

t`ndod xoing t`~x wvpjrtbtjmg vjlch~ n| engdrbg xglj wdo|mnod vjpxpgx btj|ngio# |ixpglj piw

rvjbt~|oo pg~rgpno bjhtngmmgd toloh~ ~h|# btj|ngio# ixp~ dgrx | rweng boinge vptgbnxm~# |

ohm~e potng tjcn|~# cgbt vptgbn|mng# cw`nb~ vjpthgi# j`j|ntij|~# dgrx enjmninge t|ngptx

n vpt~pjh~# eo ~i whwbkj|ngmno ndgrx jbt~|nbng ejpocm~- Dghm~e rj|ge % K dgrx |tjpj|~evpt~iohge xglj# g xoing i|ocnaniobdg mng bkpjmn vptgh mngcwhtijbn# cgbt ejl wcgb t|~pjhmngmnw

n tmocg rn mo wrwlobk t`pjhmn vjcnx~btmgd- Mjxoxin Ko hcoxglj r xoi torioiwdbg# g to|ngpod

|rvjemngmno btj|ngio |ghwl ip~xgpn| hpj`mjengrtbtorinbk boinge mjpeocmglj# lh~ mng

vjt|ocod jmg vptgvpj|ohto mohoc ioxgljp~btmglj pjtpmngmno enht~ x~en# ixpt~ `pocn whtno x~cij

81Vpja- hp R- @oxo|no4 Pwhjca Kjgrr# ijegmhomx j`jtw ijmbgmxpob~dmglj | J|nbnenw-- @nwcgx~m QNN LI@TK# r- ??#

?0# 01# 0# 86# 8?# 80# 82# 7

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t nhgocntew n vjbtwbno j`j|ntiw# n x~en ptgijej t moxwp~ jipwxm~en# ixpt~ r|~e hno`gcrine

ptgenjrge mnrtbt~cn hj`pg bkbn x~bk vngp|rt~bk- Nhgocm~en ijegmhomxoen j`jt| ijmbgmxpob~dm~bk

| rgmrng mopjhj|jrjbdocnrx~btm~e mng ~~ jrj`nbng pwxocmg# pjtvwrxmg n thgvpo|j|omg ipgoxwp~ | RR#

cgbt K ndgew vjhj`mn- Nbk janopmg jhhomng rn rw`ng | j`jtng ijmbgmxpob~dm~e n nbk `gtwrxommo

oix~|mj rvpo|no~# g r~rxge j`jtj|~ el awmibdjmj|o9 htnin nbk rwengmmjbn ejlj rx|opto

vjtjp~ nmrx~xwbdn rwbgd ohj|n n|~bkj|omnw xj# bj `~j nmrxpwegmxge xgppjpw- Xj jmn xoig doijpg~rgpt~ ijep lotj|~bk engcn vjbtwbng tmobtmgd |~rtjbn moh t|~i~en ejphgpboen# po`wrnoen

`omij|~en n orjbdocm~en n jmn `~cn to hgcnioxmn hj rxoglj rx~iomno rn tip|n- Tmoengmmo vjh x~e

|tlchge dgrx j|o |tenomio Ko jwbtwbnw wcln# ixp ew rvpo|nj jhip~bng ejmjbn eorj|glj

to`ndomno cwhtn to vjejb b~icjmw @- K dgrx dghm~e tx~bk# ixpt~ vjxpoan oibdg mnrtbt~bngcring

| mod|nirt~bk pjtenopobk oibgvxj|o gt ohm~bk torxptgg doij rvpo|nghcn|g nrwrtmg# doij moiot

j`j|ntiw# ixp~bk t hpwlngd rxpjm~ rtjiwdg n j`wpto# lh~ r~rt j hgcnixobk ip~enmocm~bk# n ixp~bk

|nohjejbn jt`jbtgmnobk rgirwocm~bk vpt~vpo|nod j|~mnjrg ipbgmng mjrge- Rip~`o K mng pmn rn

vjh x~e |tlchge mnbt~e jh ijegmhomxo Ko- Dglj |rt~rxing jvnr~ eorj|glj to`ndomno cwhtn vpt~

vjejb~ lotw r jvnroen twvgmng mng tonmxgpgrj|omglj j`rgp|oxjpo- Xoig nvmngd jrtbthto jm rj`ng

xpwhw wvpt~xjemngmno rj`ng# g xj# bj vjh dglj ingpj|mnbx|ge htnoj rn | J|nbnenw vpo|ngbjhtngmmng# `~j x~rnbipjxm~e ejphge- Enej xj vjbt~xwdg jm dghmoi mo r|jdg hj`pj# g |rxptrodbg

rbgm~# ixpg rn vpt~ x~e pjtlp~|o~# `ophtj lj j`bkjhtn~- Mo bt~e xj vjcgloj# |nohbt~ |tenomio

j tolohtng htngbn b~lorinbk# ixpg hopt~~ xoi |ngcine towaomnge cgiopt~# r|~bk vpt~rt~bk ejphgpb|#

toijbtjmo rj|oen4 Mng eo mnb `ophtngd bninglj mn ijmngbtmj vptgbkjhtgmno moh x~e hj vjpthiw

| rvjr` tnem~# gtcnxjrm~# vjt`o|njm~ |rvbtwbno- Bkopoixgp~rx~btm~ hco Ko gljbgmxp~te

vr~bknbtm~ vjt|oco ew vptgengmn rip~xj`dbt~ ejph `gt`pjmm~bk htngbn |g |orm xpolghn ejphgpb~-

Xoine roe~e |nohgbx|ge ko`~ Ko dgrx dglj op`nxpocmo jbgmo ejpocmo |~ijm~|omgd mo dglj pjtiot

vpob~ Rjmhgpijeeomho-

Aoix~ n hox~ t ~bno Ko r tmoengmmg mng x~cij hco dghmglj nmh~|nhwwe- Dw roeg bkj`~ x~cij gxov~~bno r pgvpgtgmxox~|mg hco bo~bk lpwv Mngeb| lgmgpobdn Ko4 Jh apjmxj|~bk vptg~

ejhjbnom~bk jbkjxmni| vngp|rtgd |jdm~ |noxj|gd hj ijpvwr| jbkjxmnbt~bk nt|nti| t`pjdm~bk

jipgrw vj|jdgmmglj oc`j vmngd4 vptgdbng tpwbkw jrnghcgbtglj Opxoeom| hj RR % xj mng x~cij

vpt~vohij|jbn jrj`nrxg# ocg | mnbk hjiwegmxwd rn cnmng pjt|jdw knrxjp~btmglj vg|mgd gvjin-

Vjmng|o |omng K w|oo rn to moxwp roejxmnbt# dgrx x~e `ophtngd r~evxjeox~btmg# g vptg`~ jm

x hpjl- Hcoxglj mo ipobj|~e vpt~iohtng Ko w|~hoxmno rn tbo jrxpjbn jhbnmgi jlcmglj

t`jbtgmno wbtw nvjd ejpocm~bk# doi nj|glj vj|rtgbkmglj pjtrtbtgvngmno |nohjejbn# ixpg

| mopjhj|jrjbdocnrx~btm~bk Mngebtgbk wejcn|n~ jlpjemgd cnbt`ng cwhtn rwgmng ttovopbnge rn rng`ng

n tg rvjijdm~e rwengmnge pgnej|n Knxcgpo n Kneecgpo# nxj xoig |xgh~# lh~ t`pjhmnbt~ bkopoixgp xglj

pgnew mng wcglo dw ohmgd |xvcn|jbn- Nbk vjbtwbng vpo|je~cmjbn `~j aoix~btmng mng hj t`wptgmno-Nbk h|jnrxj e~cgmno# ixpo rxoo rn nbk moxwp nixpgd rj`ng dw vpo|ng mng w|nohoenocn# moiot~|oo

ne `~ |orm~en vpjvolomh~rxoen# vpt~tmo|oo rxocg pobd njh`ngpoo ne |rtgcing vjbtwbng |nm~-8

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|~pomng mo vptgvnr pglwcoenmw rx|ngphtodb~4 Ijegmhomx j`jtw vjmjrn boij|nx jhvj|nghtnocmj to

|rt~rxij# bj rn htngdg mo xgpgmng j`jtw# o| cnbng hj jm~ vnrtg4 Doij ijegmhomx j`jtw toloh~ |

J|nbnenw ~ge boij|nbng n | vgmn jhvj|nghtnocm~ to |rt~rxij# bj rn xoe rxoj# mngtocgmng jh xglj#

bt~ j x~e |nghtnoge# bt~ mng- Xoig |vptghengpxm~e J|nohbtgmnw mo|ntwd K hj r|gd

jhvj|nghtnocmjbn doij ijegmhomxo# to ixp vobn ~bnge- To|opxg | J|nohbtgmnw vpt~tmomng rn hj

t`pjhmn n jipjvmjbn |~poo rn x~cij vpjrx~e nbk mot|omnge t`pjhmnoen njipjvmjbnoen- Mo riwxgipglwcoenmj|glj vjdej|omno jhvj|nghtnocmjbn jrj`nrxgd xoing |~tmomno pten hgicopox~|mng-

Vjhipgcjmj dw rwrtmng# g |g |rvjemngmnobk Ko lpomnbo tovjtmomno n |nohjejbn vptgrxvrx|o

dgrx +---. toxopxo- K# thodg rn# twvgmng mng hjrxptgl cnmnn hgeopiob~dmgd enht~ j`j|ntinge

o vptgrxvrx|ge- Vnrtg jmohw~bnobk |rgmrng wbk~`ngmno vptgvnrje +---.-8; \g |rt~rxinbk

|~vj|nghtnobk Ko `poi dgrx |~potw vjbtwbno dglj jrj`nrxgd |nm~# vpt~ bt~e top|mj |g

|rvjemngmnobk# doi n | cnbng hj jm~ hodg K |~pot mngejmjbn nmngbgcj|jbn hjijm~|omno jbgm~

|ormglj vjrxvj|omno mo vortbt~mng ip~xgpn| hj`po nto# tpghwij|om~bk |dglj wdbnw hj

ocxgpmox~|~ aocrbk%pnbkxnl# vpt~ bt~e moh x~e# bj dgrx rwrtmg# obj `hmg# rxo|no tmoi tov~xomno-

@pjrtox vjhipgco# g K mot~|o `hm~e xj# bj `~j t`pjhmnbtg# njipgco pjhin xgppjpw rxjrj|omg |Hobkow doij iop~# ixpg eno~ `~ to rwpj|g# bkj topot dghm~e xbkge |~potn thtn|ngmng t vj|jhw

tolpomnbtmgd vpjvolomh~ lpjt~# ixpgd mng ejmo `~j jvomj|o mo|gx# lh~`~ rn t xglj vj|jhw

pjtrxptgcoj x~rnbg ~h|-# Xoio roeo vopohjirocmo elcnrxj vptg`ndo tg |tenomin Ko jvjopobk#

ixpg | mjb ip~rtxoj| |~`wbk~ |g |rt~rxinbk r~moljlobk- Xg nx~e vjhj`mg t|pjx~ wvnirtodbg#

ixp~bk K w~|o boinge mon|mng n`gt |~pom~bk toe~r| j`pjbt~bk# r r~evxjeox~btmg hco

h|wtmobtmjbn dglj |rvjemng# |ixp~bk mo|gx aoix~btmg vpt~tmomng mjrn bgbk~

mopjhj|jrjbdocnrx~btmglj rbkgeoxw e~cgmno n|~poomno rn-

\rvjemngmno owxj`njlpoanbtmg Ko to|ngpod |vpo|htng thweng|odbj jx|opxg gmwmbdobdg# mng r

dghmoi | ohm~e potng vpo|htn|~e |~tmomnge +bjmagrrnj.- Obtijc|ngi owxjp |rvjemng tovg|mno# n

hjrtgh hj vptgijmomno# g toloho ~h| `~o t`pjhmn# xj dghmoi htngrnxin engdrb hj|jht# g xoig

n vmngd bk~`o mnbtglj txglj mng vjd- \bogd ovox~btmjbn dglj |rvjemng `poi dgrx |ptgbt~|nrxjbn

vpo|htn|gd hgvpgrdn- K wtmodg |vpo|htng# mngdoij ajpeocmng# vjhmngrnjmg vptgbn|ij mngew toptwx~

jriopgmno# cgbt dglj rvpo|jthomng vjtjrxodg |~tmomnge jrj`~ twvgmng mng tonmxgpgrj|omgd# ixpo

| ijbw vjrw|o rn hj xglj# g w|oo r|d cjr to xpolnbtm~ n| jrxoxmnbk thomnobk |rvjemng | `wxmgd

n tpgt~lmj|omgd vjtng rvngpo rn tg |noxge# ixp~ hjeolo rn dglj engpbn n |nhtn | mne ejphgpb

encnjm|# obtijc|ngi vptgbng njm eno rgpbg n mng `~ t~- g dghmoi |ptgbt~|nrxjbn K mng dgrx

ohm~e xpolnbtm~e vpt~vohinge# g mo rxomj|nriw ijegmhomxo j|nbneringlj mng bngpvno jm t`~xmnj

vjh bnopge rvgmnom~bk toho# omn xg vptgbn|ij mne |g|mxptmng mng pg`gcntj|o# xglj hj|jht dglj

|ormg |rvjemngmno- Vptgbng vnrtg jm mv-# g jh|jomng lj t J|nbneno | cnrxjvohtng ?>82 p-jtmobtoj hco mnglj `jcgrm pjti# vjmng|o to `ophtj `~ tpjmnx~ t J|nbnenge-8>

Jrj`~ vptgrwbkwdbg Pwhjcao Ko doij |nohio bt~ jriopjmglj |pm~bk rvpo|obk nmxgpgrj|o~ rn

vptghg |rt~rxine aoixoen nrxjxm~en hco |~domngmno x~bk rvpo|- Bkjhtnj `j|nge to|rtg j wrxocgmng

8;D- V- Lo|cni4 Voenxmni Pwhjcao Kjgrro- X~ljhmni Vj|rtgbkm~ t ?8 lpwhmno ?>70 p-9 mp 76 +868.-

8>E- @pjrtox4 \rxv hj gh~bdn Ijeeomhomx nm Owrbk|nxt# r- ?;# ?>-

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doinglj rxomw aoix~btmglj# o mng j jbgm vptgt Ko thoptg ncwhtn x|jptb~bk xgm rxom- Hcoxglj

| |~vj|nghtnobk mo vneng wtwvgmno jm xgm `poi n|~vj|noho rxjrwmij|j hwj rh| jbgmnodb~bk

n |opxjbnwdb~bk- Xpg nbk vjx|ngphto xj# bj K hgicopwdg | owxj`njlpoann +r- ?78p-9 mp 7? +?719 r- 0

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Ejdo hwrto

irtxoxj|omng rn# ~bng n vptg~bno

Owxj`njlpoano

Toengptoe rvp`j|o jvnro xwxod r|jdg mod`ophtngd jrj`nrxg vptg~bno- Bkb rvp`j|o |~hj`~ tg

|rvjemng# tljhmng t vpo|h# |rt~rxing nrxjxmg |~hoptgmno# |rt~rxing |tcjx~ n wvohin eglj

vr~bknbtmglj ~bno n vptg~-

O`~ vptghrxo|n ejcn|ng vgm~ j`pot bojbn# ewrt rnlm hj r|~bk mod|btgmngdrt~bk vptg~

htngbnrx|o-

Coxo htngbnrx|o +?>66%?>?1.

Hj rtrxglj pjiw eglj ~bno engrtiocne~ vpo|ng to enorxge- @ohgm%@ohgm- \ hocrt~e rrnghtx|ng

mortglj hjew tmodhj|o~ rn x~cij jhjrj`mnjmg tolpjh~ bkjvring- \ x~e btorng mng enoge ohm~bk

xj|opt~rt~ to`o|# |rt~rxing htngbn rrnoh| `~~ j |ngcg rxoprtgjhg emng- @~ge |nb thom~ |~btmng

mo xj|opt~rx|j hjpjr~bk- Xj en mngt`~x jhvj|nohoj# rxopoge rn |nb % lh~ x~cij `~j xj ejcn|g %

w|jcmn rn rvjh mohtjpw n roejxmng bkjhtn mo jhip~|btg |~vpo|~-Rtbtglcmng jbtopj|o emng |ngcin

cor |~rjijvngmm~bk djhg Rbk|opt|ochw# tobt~modb~ rn | vj`cnw- Dghmoig mng tovwrtbtoge# rn hj

corw t`~x hocgij# modbtbngd x~cij x~cg# g ejlge tg t`jbt~ lprinbk |nhtng mort# hjcnm- \obn|ng mng

|jcmj en `~j bkjhtn roegew hj corw# vjmng|o vg|mglj potw# lh~ `~ge dgrtbtg emngdrt~# vjp|ocn

emng |hpj|mn B~lomng# ingh~ tmocgcn emng `o|nbglj rn roejxmng | cgrng-Vptgbkjhtb~ hpjl bkjv t

rrnghtx|o thjo jhg`po emng B~lomje n jhvpj|ohtn hj hjew-

Engdrbge# ixpg emng rtbtglcmng vjbnloj# `~ |ngcin t`njpmni |jh~ | engbng- Ljhtnmoen ejlge rn

|rwbkn|o | xodgemnbt~ rtwe |jh~ to lpw`~en ewpoen n enej j`domng whtngcom~bk en vptgt

hjpjr~bk mng ejlge tpjtweng xglj tdo|nrio-

Mod|nbgd btorw rvhtoge dghmoi | bkjvrinbk rxodmnobk- Lh~ emng rtwiomj# tolchomj modvngp| hj

rxodgm- Rtbtglcm~ wpji eno~ hco emng ijmng- Mnlh~ mng mwhtnj emng loriomng nbk# e|ngmng hj mnbk niopengmng oijbnoen- Lh~ x~cij hjvohge mopthtn hj bt~rtbtgmno# to`ngpoge rn topot hj rtbtjxij|omno

n btgromno tlptg`ge- Iw bnlgew vptgpogmnw ljrvjhopt~ vgtoge |xgh~ enht~ mjloen ijmn# enej xj

dghmoi ohmg t|ngpt mnlh~ emng mng ijvmj# mng w`jhj omn mng wlp~tj- Mo|gx tg tjcn|~e ~inge

dghmglj t ljrvjhopt~ ~ge | modcgvrtgd vpt~domn- Mng `oge rn xoig vr|# mnlh~ xg ohgm en mnb mng

tpj`n- Tjrxo|noge mo|gx modvnimngdrtg to`o|in# lh~ x~cij mohoptoo rn rvjrj`mj |~eimnbno rn hj

rxodmn-

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Ejdo eoxio vp`j|oo |rt~rxinbk ejcn|~bk rvjrj`|# o`~ emng jh|ng jh enjbn hj t|ngptx# ixpo

|~ho|oo rn dgd xoi mng`gtvngbtmo- \rt~rxij mo vpmj- @~ge n vjtjrxoge roejxmninge9 modbkxmngd

`o|nge rn cw` xg todej|oge# bt~eijc|ngi |xgh~# lh~ mng `~ge j`rgp|j|om~- Mng cw`nge# g`~ en

rn ixj vpt~lcho- Enoge xoig mngjhvopx~ vjbnl hj |jh~9 |bn ewrnoge rn e~ n ivo-E~ge n

ivoge | |ommng cw` | vjxjiw vptgv~|odb~e vptgt mort jlph |rt~rxij# bjijc|ngi rn x~cij hoj- \

xgm rvjr` vjvrwge |ngcg ptgbt~ % top|mj w`pomno# doi n to`o|in- Xgew vpolmngmnw vptgrxo|omno |ngcgt |jh jhhod rn dgrtbtg htnrnod-

Mo rnhe~ pji ejdglj ~bno vpt~vohj mortg vptgrnghcgmng rn | jijcnbg Eommkgnew- Tm| engrtiocne~

to enorxge- Dghmoig iw ejdgew mod|nirtgew teopx|ngmnw mng `~j xoe ohm~bk rxodgm# omn t|ngptx-

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t|ngptxoen n r|jne lprine corge-Pjhtnbg pj`ncn ||btor |rt~rxij# g`~ emng jht|~bton jh t`~x

|ngcingd enjbn hj t|ngptx- Xj rn dghmoi mng whoj9 |~rtwin|oge |rtgcing irnin# | ixp~bk `~~

vptghrxo|njmg t|ngptxo#|bkjhtnge | doin ix n eopt~ge j r|jnbk t|ngptxobk- Mo rnheg wpjhtnm~

hjrxoge Komro % btopmglj doi |lngc vjm~ t `~rtbtb~en jbt~eo n hwl lpt~|- Mng vjrnohoge rn t

pohjbn- Mopgrtbng tmocotge xj|opt~rto- Vjmng|o Komr `~ `ophtj vpt~|ntom~# bkjhtn to em|rthtng doi vngr- Lh~ pjhtnb| mng `~j# `poge lj mo|gx hj r|glj vjijdw- T mort rw` ~ge

to|rtg mo hj`pgd rxjvng# xjxg `~o |~pjtwenoo hco xgd ejdgd ro`jbn n mnlh~ emng mng thpohtno-

Xgpot enoge | rrnghtx|ng hj xj|opt~rt~ to`o| | ejne |ngiw- Rtocoge t mnen | dghmoij|~bk

to|rtg n |rthtng to`o|obk n lpobk ejhtngbt~bk# rvoxoge xg |pot t mnen mngdghm vrjx- Modbkxmngd

dghmoi dghtnge mo r|jne Komrng hj |ngcinglj Koophx|ochw# lhtng `~cne~ twvgmng roen# lhtng

ejlcne~ koro ljhtnmoen# mng rvjxio|rt~ ~|gd hwrt~-70

Tobto rn dghmoi rtijo# vj|omo rxpjmo ~bno- \x~bk vngp|rt~bk coxobk rtij~ vjhrxo|j|gd mng

|~hopt~j rn mnb ljhmglj |tenomin- Wbt~ge rn vncmng# jhpo`noge ejcn|ng rt~`ij tohomno hjej|g#

o`~ eng |ngcg |jcmglj btorw hj doth~ mo Komrng- Pjhtnbg vjtjrxo|nocn en hwj r|j`jh~-

\riwxgi tjjmglj vptgt ejdglj jdbo cw`w# |e~c ixpglj enoge tjrxo hwbkj|m~e# to|h ed `~

dw tlp~ wrxocjm~- Bog ejdg |~bkj|omng `~j morxo|njmg | x~e ingpwmiw- Jdbngb |~bkj|~|o emng

|ghwl rwpj|~bk toroh |jdrij|~bk- Hj xglj hjbtoo rn dgrtbtg l`jij pgcnlndmo oxejragpo mortgd

pjhtnm~- Jdbngb ~ aomox~btm~e ioxjcninge- \ btorng mortglj vj`~xw | @ohgm%@ohgm |nh~|oge jdbo

ptohij# vjmng|o vptg|omng vjhpj|o cw` bo~en engrnboen vpobj|o | nmm~bk engdrbj|jbnobk-

Tenomo morxvno | Eommkgneng- Xw jdbngb vpo|ng bj htng tmodhj|o btor# o`~ rn em tod4 bt~ hco

70@pjrtox hjvoxpwdg rn | x~bk |~mwptgmnobk pgxpjrvgix~|mgd rx~cntobdn mo |tp rto`cjmj|glj nhgow

knxcgpj|ringlj twbko +MR%Vneva.- Dglj thomnge Kmng vjdewdg# g vg|mo ioxgljpno roejxmni| rxomj|n |vpjrxeorj| bkjpj`# g dglj ~io whwbkj|ngmno# vg|mo ioxgljpno irj`m~bk roejxmni| rxomj|n |vpjrx eorj|bkjpj`# g dglj ~io whwbkj|ngmno# vptgrohmo enj hj t|ngptx nxh- r |tmobtmgd engptg wbngbti jhrxjrwmi| enht~cwhtinbk neod rijevgmrj|o mngejmj mo|ntomno ijmxoixw dghmjrxin tdghmjrxi- Vjoibdobk eorj|glj to`ndomno cwhtn | ijejpobk lotj|~bk Kewrno rtwio wrvjijdgmno hco movnx~bk mgp||| rxodmnobk w r|jnbk ijmn +E- @pjrtox4 \rxv hj gh~bdn Ijeeomhomx nm Owrbk|nxt# r- ?81 +p-NQ rgpno NN.9 mp 2# r- 7U-

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vptgdptgmno ejdglj tohomno rtijcmglj# bt~ xg hco vpj|ohtgmno tg em pjtej|~ jejne vpt~rt~e

to|jhtng- Mod`ophtngd dghmoi vjhj`o~ en rn dglj jvj|nohomno tbtorw rw`~ | Oap~bg \rbkjhmngd#

jvj|ngbn j |ociobk t xw`~cbt~en vj|rxoboen# jnbk ~bnw n j`~btodobk jpot j nbk bngem~e iwcbng

`ji|- opcn|ng# ttobk|~xge vpt~rwbkn|oge rn# lh~ e|n j pgcnlndmgd n b~|ncntob~dmgd htnoocmjbn

tlpjeohtg enr~dm~bk- @~ge vptgijmom~# g mo vg|mj tjrxom enrdjmoptge nvjxge vjh

| modbngemngdrt~ toixgi Oap~in# modbkxmngd |pjhgi epjbtmgd vwrtbt~- Rtbtglcm~e |nxge ~~jh|nghtnm~ w mor ixpglj tg rxop~bk# `pjhox~bk toijmmni| t Oap~in# tmodje~bk jdbo dgrtbtg tbtor|

dglj vj`~xw | Oap~bg \rbkjhmngd- \|btor mng wcoxmnoge rn# o`~ mng rxpobn t pjtej|~ omn dghmglj

rj|o- Tovjenmoge mo|gx jr|jne Komrng- Hje ejnbk pjhtnb| `~ `ophtj ljbnmm~# doiijc|ngi jmn

roen vpo|ng mng riohocn |nt~x- L|mng `~|ocn w mor hwbkj|mn t |rtgcinbk pjhj|nri-

T `nglnge btorw jdbngb rxo|o rn bjpot `ophtngd pgcnlndm~- Lh~ x~cij btor ew vjt|oco# |~dgho tg em

hj pm~bk bwhj|m~bk engdrb | ejne ipodw# hj vwrxgcmn | Rt|odbopnn jpot hj Cjwphgr |g Apombdn- Ljpbj

`olo j`jljro|ngrx|j mng`njr hco emng# o`~e tjrxo ingh~ |nxj`cn|~e iovomge- Do roe `~ge

p|mng l`jij |ngptb~ % j ncg xj dgrx ejcn|g wbkjvbo | x~e |ngiw % n r|jdg j`j|ntin pgcnlndmg

xpoixj|oge `ophtj vj|omng- Ejhcnge rn tvpo|htn|ng htngbnb vj|ol nmohgp ljpcn|ng vgmngej`j|ntin enmnrxpomxo-

Pjhtnbg |~bkj|ocn emng | xoin rvjr`# g vj|nmngmge rn jhmjrn tg btbn n rtobwminge hj hjpjr~bk# o

rtbtglcmng hj jr` rxoprt~bk# `gt |tlchw mo xj# t doinbk ragp vjbkjht- Mowbtjmj emng# g

vjhrxo|j|~e# ejne j`j|ntinge dgrx `~ vjejbm~e |rthtng# lhtng x~cij dgrx xj ijmngbtmg-

Rtbtglcm~ mobnri iohtnjmj rxocg mo xj# g eoe mngt|jbtmng rvgmno |rtgcing ~btgmno bt~ vjcgbgmno

pjhtnb|# mowbt~bngcn# irn~ nxh-# |rt~rxinbk jr` hjpjr~bk# mng |~btodb rw`~# n g jh xglj mnb emng

mng vj|nmmj vj|rxpt~eo- Bj jmn e|n# dgrx to|rtg rwrtmg-

Xg toroh~ |~bkj|o|btg |grt~ en | bnoj n | ipg|- Hjrijmocg rj`ng dgrtbtg vpt~vjenmoe# g ed

jdbngb# aomox~btm~ ioxjcni# `~ thgb~hj|om~e vptgbn|mninge pthw Ptgrt~ n dglj vjcnx~in- \bn e|n

r|jne vpt~dobnjje# g % enej bogd |pjljbn % wrxo|~ n pjtvjpthtgmno vorx|o vj|nmm~ `~

`gt|opwmij|j vptgrxptglomg-

Jh modejhrt~bk cox `~ge |~bkj|~|om~ | l`jine vjbtwbnw j`j|ntiw- \ hjew pjhtnbngcrine bncg

vptgrxptglomj# `~ |rt~rxing tcgbgmno `~~ |~ijm~|omg hjiohmng n rwengmmng- Ioh~ eno rxocg vg|ngm

toipgr j`j|nti|- Jdbngb t|pobo rtbtglcm w|ol mo xj# g`~e rxjrj|o rn doi modhjiohmngd hj

|rt~rxinbk dglj topthtg n ~btg- Voenxoe dgrtbtg xgpot# doi vg|mgd mjb~ |~bnlm emng t io#

vjmng|o vjtjrxo|nge | jlpjhtng hgpi vjh rnjhj# toenorx % rxjrj|mng hj dglj topthtg % vj|ngrn d

| rtjvng# o`~ |~rbko- Vj vpjrxw j x~e tovjemnoge- \bn emng vjwbto# g t hpj`m~bk# mo vjtp mnb

mng tmobtb~bk tomngh`o vj|rxod modbtbngd |ngcing rtijh~- \|btor mngtwvgmng xj vjdej|oge#vmngd# mowbtjm~ ljptine hj|nohbtgmnge# vjxpoange | vgmn wtmo|o x toroh-

Enht~ ejnen pjhtnboen nrxmno rxjrwmgi vggm enjbn# rtobwmiw n |todgemglj tpjtwengmno- Mnlh~

dghmoi mng |nhtnoge# o`~ ~cn |j`gb rng`ng btwcn- Cgbt x~e `ophtngd mnlh~ mng vohj enht~ mnen ohmg

tg oc`j lmng|mg rj|j-

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Vjhbtor lh~ j`ng ejdg rnjrxp~# t ixp~bk dghmo `~o jhg emng ejhrto j btxgp~# o hpwlo j rtg cox# `~~

`ophtj vpt~encmg n |bn ipbn~ rn ijj eoxin# do roe jh mod|btgmngdrt~bk cox# iw ocj|n eoxin#

|rt~rxinbk bnjxgi n ipg|m~bk# |thpologe rn vptgh |rtgcinen j`do|oen btwjbn- Wbnri hjmn n vop

riv~bk r| vjhtnin % xj `~j |rt~rxij# btglj ejmo `~j jhg emng jbtgin|o-

Doiijc|ngi j`jdg pjhtnbg `~cn hco emng `ophtj hj`pt~# mng wenoge mnlh~ tmocg hj mnbk hpjln |g|rt~rxinbk |ngcinbk n eo~bk xpjriobk# ixpg miod ejhg rgpbg- \rt~rxij toox|noge roe t rj`-

Ejne dgh~m~e vj|ngpmninge `~ ed Komr n jm %doi rhtnge % pjtweno emng-

J`ng rnjrxp~ `~~ `ophtj hj emng vpt~|ntomg n |bn wrnj|o~ wj~ tg em eng# rgphgbtmg rxjrwmin-

Do dghmoi mnlh~ mng bkbnoge rn t mnen toho|o- @o|nge rn t mnen x~cij |xgh~# lh~ ewrnoge-\|btor

dghmoi hpomnge dg xoi hwlj# o t vobtge `ngl~ hj eoxin-Rvoxoge ne mngdghmglj anlco- Enej xj

vjtjrxo~ en modrgphgbtmngd jhhomg n owd % htn dgrtbtg % gmnlh~ mng thj`~ge rn | rxjrwmiw hj mnbk

mo bngvcgdrtg wbtwbng- Vjtjrxo~ en to|rtg j`bg-

Ejnbk pjhtnb| % top|mj jdbo# doi n eoxi % `ophtj rtomj|oge n jxobtoge btbn- Dghmoig enjbn %

xoingd# doi eo rn hco pjhtnb| n doi vmngd vjtmoge % mng jhbtw|oge mnlh~- Mng wenge rj`ng|~xweobt~# rih xj vjbkjhtnj9 dgrtbtg n htnrnod mng tmodhwd ohm~bk vj xgew vj|jh|-Mng `~ge

mnlh~ lptgbtm~e# o x~e emngd |tjpj|~e bkjvbge-\~pthtoge |rtgcing vrjx~# doing x~cij we~r

htngbio | x~bk coxobk ejg |~e~cn- \pot t nmm~en bkjvboen rtocoge | modhtnirt~bk to`o|obk n

`ndox~iobk# doing rn mohopt~~- Bkjbno rxocg vpt~bkjhtn~ mo emng bk|ncg# | ixp~bk ewrnoge `~

twvgmng roe# to|rtg enoge |ngcw xj|opt~rt~ to`o|- Mng vjt|ocoge rj`ng mnb moptwbo n to|rtg

ewrnoge vjrxo|n mo r|jne- Lh~ |~pthtomj en ipt~|h# mng rvjbtge# vin mng tjrxoo jmo % |

ejne emngeomnw % vjertbtjmo- @~ge bj hj xglj mngw`olom~ n |ph ejnbk rtijcm~bk ijcgl|

|t`whtoge ci-

Ptgbt rtbtglcmo# vptgt |rt~rxing coxo rtijcmg rnghtnoge | dghmgd o|bg t htng|bt~mi# Rt|ghi# ixpobkbnoo tjrxo cgiopi- Pjtwengcne~ rn t mn doi hj`pt~ ijcght~ n mnlh~ mng ibncne~ rn tg rj`-@~ dw

xoin t|~btod | mortgd rtijcg# g | torohtng vptgt |rt~rxing coxo rtijcmg |~lmnoxoj rn o| t x~e roe~e

ijcgl-

Mo xpt~morx~ pji eglj ~bno vpt~voho |~hoptgmng# ixpg ewrt jipgcn doij vngp|rt~ |~je | ejne

~bnw pgcnlndm~e# hjx~bkbtor vptgtg emng xoi vj|omng xpoixj|om~e-

Vjhbtor t|~iglj rtoejxomno rn vpt~ |gdbnw hj kocn lnemorx~btmgd mngbkbb~ tgvbkmge tg rbkjh|

dghmglj t ijcgl|- Rvohodb hjtmo vimnbno ijrxin w mjln- \ bnlw cox t vg|mjbn rgxin wbtmn|

tdghoj vj x~bk rbkjhobk %do roe xoig mngdghgm pot % `gt doinbk vj|omngdrt~bk wrtijhtg- Xgm

|omng eno vgbko- Wiopomj emng h|ngeo ljhtnmoen iopbgpw-

@~j xj | rj`jx vptgh vjwhmnge- Vj vjwhmnw vjrtghge %doi t|~icg bj x~htng % hj rvj|nghtn n

|~rvj|nohoge rn xoig t xglj wbt~miw hjiohmng n rtbtgptg- \ hjew mnb j x~e mng vj|nghtnoge# o`~

mng vrw pjhtnbje mnghtngcn- \ vpt~rt~e x~ljhmnw n xoi rn j x~e dgrtbtg th hj|nghtng-

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\ngbtjpge vpt~rtgh hj mor | jh|nghtnm~ ed rvj|nghmni# ixp~ `~ vpt~dobngcge jdbo- Morxvmglj

pomio jdbngb |gt|o emng# o`~e |~xweobt~ rn t vj|jhw jvnromglj todbno# n wiopo emng to xj# g ew

j x~e jh potw mng vj|nghtnoge-

@~ge boij|nbng thpwtljxom~ % mng t vj|jhw iop~# cgbt |riwxgi mngr~bkomglj mohw~bno towaomno tg

rxpjm~ ejdglj rvj|nghmnio- Vptgbng rxocg wbtjmj# g xodgemnbo rvj|nghtn dgrx mngmopwrtocmo# g mng|jcmj |~do|n mo|gx modbnrt~bk t`pjhmn# dgcn tjrxo~ to|ngptjmg | btorng |nxgd rvj|nghtn- O xgpot

irnht# ixpglj hopt~ge xoi |ngcine towaomnge# ixp~ `~ ejne rxo~e rvj|nghmninge n tmo mo voen

|rt~rxing ejdg hpj`mg vptg|nmngmno# mopwrt~ xodgemnb rvj|nghtn t vj|jhw xoingd hpj`mjrxin/ X~cij jm

el jvj|nghtng ejdgew jdbw j x~e |~vohiw# vjmng|o omn jdbngb# omn eoxio# omn mnix t hjej|mni|

mng `~ xglj hmno | engbng- Mort xgcgajm `~ tgvrwx~- ohgm t ejnbk ijcgl| mng engrtio | jijcnb~-

Xoig mnix t |~dxinge rvj|nghmnio mng `~ w mor t |nt~x- Vptgt hwln btor bnlcg `ohoge |rtgcing

t|ntomg t x~e jijcnbtmjbn % xoing xj `~j hco emng jipjvmg-

@~ge n hj htnrnod dgrxge l`jij vptgijmom~# g ed rvj|nghmni mopwrt~ xodgemnb rvj|nghtn- Ejdg

towaomng hj |nxglj rxomw iovoringlj tjrxoj tmn|gbtjmg n tobt~ rn `whtn |g emng |xvcn|jbn-

Mnlh~ |nbgd mng vjrtghge dw rvj|noho rn w hjx~bkbtorj|glj rvj|nghmnio- To|gt|om~ vptgt mnglj n

jdbo hj |~xweobtgmno rn t xglj aoixw# ejlge |~e|n rn x~e# g rvj|nohoe rn| rtijcm~e ijbngcg

w mortglj ioxgbkgx~- Jdbngb tohj|jcn rn |~domngmnge9 dgrxge dghmoi l`jij vptgijmom~# g

rvj|nghmni hje~co rn vpo|htn|glj vj|jhw- Vp`j|o |rt~rxinbk pjhi|# o`~ emng t vj|pjxge

vjt~rio# dghmoig `gtriwxgbtmng- Bj |nbgd# vjrwmge rn dgrtbtg hocgd4 lh~ x~cij `~j xj ejcn|g# mng

rtghge | jlcg hj rvj|nghtn# vjmng|o jh btorw xglj |~vohiw mng w|ooge dw hwbkj|m~bk to

ljhm~bk towaomno-

\ mowbg pgcnlnn vj|nghtnomj# g dgcn`~ ixj vjrtgh hj ijewmnn |nxgd `gt rvj|nghtn# xj tjrxo`~ vptgt

@jlo bnij wiopom~- Thoptoj rn# e|njmj# g xob~ lptgrtmnb~ vohocn eopx|n w rxv jxopto- \ htngbnbgd

mon|mjbn `ologe Vomo @jlo j vj`oomng to xj# g mng vjxpoan dw t |nop |~rvj|noho rn# n

`ologe# g`~ en |~`obt~ ejdg lptgbk~# ixpg dgew |~tmod- \ngpt~ge# g | xgm rvjr` w|jcmnge

rn jh lptgbk|# n vjrtghge t `ndb~e rgpbge hj ijewmnn | nmm~e mn t|~icg ijbngcg n eodb

|xvcn|jbn bj hj rwrtmjbn ejdglj vjrxvj|omno- Mnb rn mng rxoj/ O do# mhtm~ pj`oi# |ngpt~ge# g

@l |~rwbko ejdgd vpj`~ n tlohto rn t ejne vjrxvj|omnge- Ejdo vjrxo|o | rvpo|obk |nop~#

hjx~bkbtor xoi rvjijdmo n vg|mo# hjtmoo vj|omglj |rxptrw- L`jio# vpo|htn|o |nopo htngbnbo

tjrxoo tmn|gbtjmo-

\ morxvm~e pjiw weop molcg ed jdbngb- Mng wvpt~xoemnoe rj`ng# `~ xo rxpoxo t`~xmnj emng hjximo-

@~ge tpgrtx to ejh~# g`~ tho rj`ng rvpo| t bogd hjmnjrjbn xglj aoixw- O dghmoi engp jdbo enoo

moho ejdgew ~bnw boinge# nmm~ vptg`ngl# mn jm rj`ng xglj ~bt~-

\~`wbko |jdmo- Lopmntjm eommkgnerin |~pwrt~ | vjcg- Tjrxo~ wx|jptjmg ajpeobdg tovorj|g- T

apjmxw vpt~`~~ vngp|rtg vjbnln t pomm~en- Eoj xgpot vptg`~|oge | hjew- X~cg ptgbt~ `~j hj

tj`obtgmno# ixp~bk mng bkbnoge vjenm- \riwxgi bnlglj movpt~iptomno rn wt~rioge jh eoxin

tgt|jcgmng mo tljrtgmng rn | bkopoixgptg rn~ vjejbmnbtgd hj Btgp|jmglj Ipt~o- T`~x |ngcg enoge

||btor |pog# o`~e el rj`ng htn hjiohmng wvpt~xjemn# doi jhhtnoo mo emng |nhji vngp|rt~bk

pomm~bk- \nht dgrtbtg x~cij vptgrnig ip|n jvoxpwmin mo lj|obk n piobk# to`pwhtjmg ip|n n lcnm

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ewmhwp~# rtopg ewmhwp~ mort~bk jmngpt~# `inxmg t btgp|jm~en rvjhmnoen wmnajpe~ Apombwt| t

btorw vjijdw- R~rt dgrtbtg rxwenjmg din pomm~bk vpt~ vptgmjrtgmnw hj vjvngrtmng vpt~rxjrj|om~bk

hj xglj bgcw |jt| xpoe|odj|~bk- @ngloge |xgh~ |ph pomm~bk# pjthtngcodb movjdg jptg|nodbg n

|~pj`~ x~xjmnj|g- \ btorng |jcm~e jh mowin ipbnge rn vj rtvnxocobk# ijrtopobk n mo h|jpbw#

vpt~lchodb rn vpt~dghodb~e xpomrvjpxje |jdrij|~e cw` vjbnlje romnxopm~e n vjeolodb vpt~

pjtho|omnw