wsp presentation in bangalore
TRANSCRIPT
Mobile Technology to Support Monitoring of Sanitation Usage in Rural Areas of India
OneWorld Foundation IndiaC 5, Qutub Institutional Area
New Delhi 110016
Context
Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) is a comprehensive national programme to accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas by 2012.
The progress of TSC and achievements under NGP is tracked through an online monitoring system, which tracks relevant quantitative data on a monthly basis There are however limitations with regard to the validity of the self reported
data; and The measured indicators do not deal with the campaign’s impact on the
overall sanitation behavior.
In this backdrop, an effort was made to explore innovative use of Mobile technologies to strengthen the monitoring framework of TSC – especially with regard to sanitation behaviour of Community By collecting and transmitting monitoring data directly from the households
through mobile based application
Technology Framework
Harness Mobile based innovations to directly obtain feedback from target beneficiaries to measure programme outcome Global Positioning System (GPS) to define geo-location of the
stakeholder Visual image to verify physical existence of asset (toilet) Date & time stamp of data collection
Real time data transfer using GPRS/MMS Alternate store-forward option for areas with no network
coverage
Technology Framework
Implementation Overview
Proof-of-Concept (PoC) field deployment in two blocks: Rajgir Block of Nalanda district in Bihar Kandaghat Block of Solan district in Himachal Pradesh
State Block Gram Panchayat
Households
Bihar Rajgir 9 15589
Himachal Pradesh
Kandaghat 24 6675
Implementation Overview
12 Field Investigators and 1 Field Coordinator in each location
Each investigator in Kandaghat is assigned ~10 villages
Each investigator in Rajgir is assigned ~25 villages
Using APL/BPL ID from the list provided by department, Ration Card, Voter ID, PAN Card or MG NREGA Job Card ID for identification
After completing survey each house is marked on door. Each staff maintaining a field diary
15% sample verification
Development & Deployment
Management Information System
• On-line dash-board for real-time access of gathered data Generation of summary reports & Interface for preliminary analytics
Management Information System
Management Information System
Access to Toilet
Summary of Analysis Outcome
Toilet Coverage & Type of Facility (Household)
RAJGIR Kandaghat
Yes 1449 12.65% 2554 81.03%
No 8805 76.87% 405 12.85%
Under construction 21 0.18% 99 3.14%
Broken/choked/incomplete 1180 10.30% 94 2.98%
Total 11455 -- 3152 --
Significant percentage of toilets constructed in Rajgir are either broken/choked/incomplete
Toilet Usage by Age and Gender (Member)
Rajgir Kandaghat
Toilet Coverage (HH that have access to toilet) : 1565 Toilet Coverage (HH that have access to toilet) : 2774
Toilet Usage by Members of the HH :9082 Toilet Usage by Members of the HH :13414
IHHL(%) Shared(%)
CSC(%) Total(IHHL+Shared +CSC)%
Open( %) IHHL(%) Shared(%)
CSC(%) Total(IHHL+Shared +CSC)%
Open( %)
10.95% 1.14% 0.15% 12.25% 87.75% 69.29% 9.91% 2.22% 81.42% 18.58%
Interestingly, no major gender variation in terms of toilet usage
Rajgir Kandaghat
Disposal of child feces reflects general sanitation behavior
Rajgir Kandaghat
Some members of the households that do have a toilet continue to practice open defecation Field observation reveals that the percentage is much higher in
Rajgir because people are not satisfied with the quality of toilet constructed
Scope for Scale-up
Technological Mobile application which is on Andrioid platform could be adapted to
other platforms such as Symbian GPRS connectivity used to transfer data mostly available in rural
areas Concern:
Research Investment for improving data-com stability in low-cost smart phones.
Options need to be explored for more durable batteries
Financial Financially feasible: low operational cost with economies of scale
Institutional Easy to integrate with current online monitoring system Eliminate the manual entry at district level
Comparative Assessment
Criteria Set for Comparison
Current Monitoring Framework Mobile Proposed Monitoring Framework
Technologies Used Online MIS and limited GIS Mobile Phones with GPS and Camera, Online IMIS
Digitized Data Entry Level
Manual Entry at District Individual Household
Frequency of Updates Monthly Real-time transmission
Photographs Separate In-built
Mapping Locational Data
GIS mapping for select districts to indicate percentage of sanitation coverage at Gram Panchayat level
Geo-tagging of individual household level. Locational data (Lat-Long) used to map sanitation coverage and behavior at household level
Time-stamp Not available Automatic time-stamp to indicate the time survey was conducted
Thank You
For further details please contact:
Naimur Rahman ([email protected]) or Kedar Dash ([email protected])
Tel: 011-41689000