writing exercise - paraphrasing · • give out worksheet #3 paraphrasing. go through the four...

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WritingExercise-paraphrasingTopic:generalparaphrasingskills

Computers/phonesTime:60minutesLevel:*****[B1/B2/C1]

LessonPlan Aim:todevelopthestudents’abilitytoparaphraseeffectivelyusinginternettoolsandgoingthrougha3-stageprocess.1.Leadin-whatisaparaphrase

• GiveoutWorksheet#1andaskstudentstoidentify‘aquotation,aparaphrase,asummary’(explaindifferences-seeanswers)

• Section2:askstudentstodiscusswhichisthebetterparaphrasebetweena)orb)(lookatteacher’sanswerstoexplain)

2.Thetools

• Askstudentstoopen4windowsontheircomputerandexplainthe4websites(Worksheet#2)gohereformoreinfo:https://academic-englishuk.com/writing-websites

• GiveoutWorksheet#3Paraphrasing.Gothroughthefourrulesatthetopofthe

page.1)Highlightkeywords.2)Findsynonyms.3)RewriteGrammar.4)checkmeaning.

• Gothroughthefirstexampleasaclass.(Lookatanswersbeforetheclassandhighlight

eachstage).1-elicitkeywordsinthesentence.2)askthestudentstofindfoursynonymsforeachnon-keyword.Feedbackasaclassontheboard.Askthestudentstochooseasynonymforeachwordandrewritethesentenceusingthesesynonyms.3)askthestudentstochangethegrammarintothepassivebyusing‘Information’asthesubject.4)Addthereferenceandcheckmeaning.

• Practice1&2:Letthestudentsdothenextexerciseontheirown.Teachermonitors

andguides.Feedbackasclassforeachactivity-teacherprovidesamodelanswer.

• MorePracticeActivity-studentsworkontheirownpracticingparaphrasing.Teachermonitorsandguides.Feedbackasaclassorindividuallywiththeanswerkey

Disclaimer:thereisnotasetanswer-acceptstudents’paraphrasesifmeaninghasn’tchanged

Copyright:Thesematerialsarephotocopiablebutpleaseleavealllogosandwebaddressesonhandouts.Pleasedon’tpostthesematerialsontotheweb.Thankyou



Paraphrasing#11.Whichisasummary/quotation/paraphrase?

A. Smith(2010)statesthat“ExeterCouncilspends£3.3millioneachyearonbiofuelheatingratherthan£7millionitwouldspendifitstillreliedonoilandgas”(p.221).

B. Smith(2010,p.221)highlightsthat£3.7millionissavedonheatingbyExeterCouncilfromchangingtobiofuelsustainableenergy.

C. Smith(2010)suggeststhatExeterCouncilcouldsavemillionsofpoundsonheating

fromchangingtosustainableenergy.2.StudentparaphrasingOriginalsource:

“ExeterCouncilspends£3.3millioneachyearonbiofuelheatingratherthan£7million

itwouldspendifitstillreliedonoilandgas”(Smith,2010,p.221).

Whichparaphraseisbetterandwhy?StudentparaphraseA

• Smith(2010)highlightsExeterCouncilpays£3.3millioneveryyearonbiofuelinstead

of£7millionitusedtospendonoilandgas”.

StudentparaphraseB

• Smith(2010)highlightsthat£3.7millionissavedonheatingbyExeterCouncilfrom

changingtobiofuelsustainableenergy.



Paraphrasing#2

CambridgeOnlineDictionary(EnglishtoEnglish)dictionary.cambridge.org Thisdictionaryprovidesanin-depthexplanation,keypronunciationandexamplesentences.AtuniversitylevelEnglishlearningit'sagoodideatouseanEnglish-to-Englishdictionarytocheckunknownwordsandimproveyourlexicalrepertoire(knowledgeofwords). GoogleSynonymSearchUseGoogletosearchforkeysynonyms(similarwords).Thiscanbedonethroughtypingtheword'analysis'followedby'syn'='analysissyn'.Thisprovidesawiderangeofsynonyms.ThesaurusSynonymSearchwww.thesaurus.comisaversatilewebsitethatoffersagoodrangeofsynonyms(similarwords).Itdividesthelistsintotwokeygroupsofdarkorangeformostfrequenttolightorangenotsofrequent.OzdicCollocationSearchwww.ozdic.comisanexcellentwebsitethatofferskeycollocations(wordsandphrasesthatgotogether).Thiscollocationsearchwillhelpfluencyinwritingandusemoreacademicformalvocabulary.Belowisanexampleofacollocationsearchfor'analysis'.Itshowskeyadjectivesandverbsusedwithanalysis



Paraphrasing#3

1.Highlightimportantwords/keyterms(wordsthatcannotbechanged)

2.Findsynonyms/alternativewordsforhighfrequencywords

3.Changegrammar:activetopassive,nounstoverbs,adjectivestoadverbs,wordorder

4.Checkmeaning

ClassExample1)“Memoryisthecapacityforstoringandretrievinginformation”(Smith,2016)2)“Memoryisthecapacityforstoringandretrievinginformation”(Smith,2016)3)Information_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________(Smith,2016)

Teacher’sexample:___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________(Smith,2016)



Practice11)Jonesetal.(2016,p.23)statesthat“therearethoughttobeover4,000plantspeciesusedbyforestdwellersasfoodandmedicinealone”.

2)Jonesetal.(2016,p.23)statesthat“therearethoughttobeover4,000plantspecies

usedbyforestdwellersasfoodandmedicinealone”.

3)_________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________



Practice21)“PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates”.(TakenfromJohnWilson’sbookin2016onpage23).2)“PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperiments

onhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates”(TakenfromJohnWilson’sbook

in2016onpage23).

3)_________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________



MorePracticeActivityParaphrase1“Akeyfeaturewastowidenparticipationratesamongstyoungadultsfromdisadvantagedsocioeconomicbackgroundsandtoencourageparticipationofindividualsfromfamilieswithnopreviousparticipationinhighereducation”(Bachan,2014).1.Synonyms:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Restructure:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paraphrase2“SeveralUKstudieshavefoundevidenceofsubstantialreturnstohighereducationqualifications,whichisconsistentwithinternationalevidence” (Psacharopoulos&Patrinos,2014).1.Synonyms:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Restructure:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paraphrase3“StudiesintheUSAalsofindthatfinancialpressureispositivelyassociatedwithterm-timeworkingwhichcanhaveadetrimentaleffectonacademicperformanceandfuturecareerchoice”. (Bachan,2014)1.Synonyms:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Restructure:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Adaptedfrom:Bachan,R.(2012)Students’expectationsofdebtinUKhighereducation.StudiesinHigherEducation,Vol.39(5)



ParaphrasingAnswersWhichisasummary/quotation/paraphrase?Quotation:istheexactwordstakenfromthesource.Usespeechmarks/quotationmarks"....."

Smith(2010,p.221)statesthat“ExeterCouncilspends£3.3millioneachyearonbiofuelheatingratherthan£7millionitwouldspendifitstillreliedonoilandgas”.

Paraphrase:yourunderstandingofthesourceinyourwords(nopageinHarvardReferencing)

Smith(2010)highlightsthat£3.7millionissavedonheatingbyExeterCouncilfromchangingtobiofuelsustainableenergy.

Summary:theoverallunderstandingofthekeyidea.Apage,acoupleofpagesorachapter.

Smith(2010)suggeststhatExeterCouncilcouldsavemillionsofpoundsonheatingfromchangingtosustainableenergy.

StudentparaphrasingOriginalsentence

“ExeterCouncilspends£3.3millioneachyearonbiofuelheatingratherthan£7million

itwouldspendifitstillreliedonoilandgas”(Smith,2010,p.221).

Whichparaphraseisbetter?Studentparaphrase1

• Smith(2010)highlightsExeterCouncilpays£3.3millioneveryyearonbiofuelinstead

of£7millionitusedtospendonoilandgas”.

*thisisapoorparaphrasebecauseitisthesamestructureandonlyacoupleofwordshavebeenchangedStudentparaphrase2

• Smith(2010)highlightsthat£3.7millionissavedonheatingbyExeterCouncilfrom

changingtobiofuelsustainableenergy.

*thisisagoodparaphrasebecauseitisadifferentstructureandmostwordshavebeenchanged.



ANSWERS1)“Memoryisthecapacityforstoringandretrievinginformation”(Smith,2016)KEYWORDS:“Memoryhasthecapacityforstoringandretrievinginformation”(Smith,2016,p.21).

SYNONYMS:Informationrecoveryandstoragearefacilitatedinthememory(Smith2016).REWRITE:Informationrecoveryandstoragearefacilitatedinthememory(Smith2016).___________________________________________________________________________1)Jonesetal.(2016,p.23)statesthat“therearethoughttobeover4,000plantspeciesusedbyforestdwellersasfoodandmedicinealone”.KEYWORDS:Jonesetal.(2016,p.23)statesthat“therearethoughttobeover4,000plantspeciesusedbyforestdwellersasfoodandmedicinealone.”

SYNONYMS:Jonesetal.(2016)statesthattherearecalculatedtobemorethan4,000plantspeciesutilisedbyforestinhabitantsforfoodandmedicinalpurposes.REWRITE:Jonesetal.(2016)statesthatForestinhabitantsutiliseapproximately4,000edibleandmedicinalplants.



Practice2ANSWERS

1)“PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates”.(TakenfromJohnWilson’sbookin2016onpage23).KEYWORDS:“PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates”(Wilson,2016,p.23)

SYNOYNMS:PaulEkman,whoworksattheUniversityofCalifornia,hasperformedasequenceofexperimentsonthewaynonverbalbehaviourpossiblydiscoversrealinternalstates.REWRITE:ACalifornianuniversityprofessor,PaulEkman,investigatednon-verbalbehaviourtodiscoverapossibilityofrealinternalstates(Wilson2016).



PracticeActivityANSWERS

Paraphrase1“Akeyfeaturewastowidenparticipationratesamongstyoungadultsfromdisadvantagedsocioeconomicbackgroundsandtoencourageparticipationofindividualsfromfamilieswithnopreviousexperienceinhighereducation”(Bachan,2014).SynonymsFeature:characteristic/attribute/qualityWiden:broaden/increase/boast/Participation:involvement/engagement/contributionRates:percentage/figures/numbers/proportionEncourage:support/promote/strengthenExperience:awareness/exposureof/understandingSYNONYMS:ThemainattributionwastoincreaseengagementnumberswithinyoungadultsfromdisadvantagedsocioeconomicbackgroundsandtopromoteparticipationoffamilieswithlittleexposureinHE.REWRITE:OneofthemainattributionswastopromotetheparticipationandexposuretoHigherEducationfromYoungadultsfromdisadvantagedsocioeconomicbackgrounds(Bachan,2014).Paraphrase2“SeveralUKstudieshavefoundevidenceofsubstantialreturnstohighereducationqualifications,whichisconsistentwithinternationalevidence” (Psacharopoulos&PatrinosascitedinBachan,2014).SynonymsSeveral:anumber/particular/specificStudies:research/work/Evidence:verification/confirmation/proof/authenticationSubstantial:considerable/significant/sizeable/Returns:revenue/financialgain/incomeConsistent:inagreement/homogenous/compatibleSYNONYMS:UKresearchhasconfirmedthatconsiderablerevenuetoHEqualifications,whichisinagreementwithinternationalevidence.REWRITE:



AccordingtoInternationalevidenceandUKResearch,HigherEducationqualificationscanprovideconsiderablerevenuereturnstoinvestment(Psacharopoulos&PatrinosascitedinBachan,2014).Paraphrase3“StudiesintheUSAalsofindthatfinancialpressureispositivelyassociatedwithterm-timeworkingwhichcanhaveadetrimentaleffectonacademicperformanceandfuturecareerchoice”. (Bachan,2014)SynonymsStudies:research/investigations/academicexaminationsUSA:US/America/AmericanFind:discover/observe/learn/uncoverPressure:stress/force/duressPositively:affirmatively/constructively/beneficiallyAssociated:affiliated/incorporated/integrated/connectedWorking:employment/labour/occupationDetrimental:harmful/damaging/counterproductiveEffect:result/consequence/outcome/Performance:achievement/accomplishment/behaviourFuture:prospective/intended/destined/subsequentChoice:possibility/selection/decisionSYNONYMS:ResearchintheUShasdiscoveredthatfinancialstressisaffirmativelyconnectedwithterm-timeemploymentwhichpossiblyhasanegativeresultonacademicachievementandprospectivecareerdecisions.REWRITE:USResearchhasprovidedevidencethatpooracademicachievementanduniformedprospectivecareerchoicesareaffirmativelyconnectedwiththefinancialstressandhavingtofindterm-timeemployment(Bachan,2014).

writing exercise - paraphrasing · • give out worksheet #3 paraphrasing. go through the four...

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