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Physical Development4-6 years

Discussion

Are playgrounds safe?? Why/Why not?

Playgrounds

National Playground Safety Institute:Top 5Hard surfacesInadequate space to fall safelyProtruding equipmentOpenings in which heads can be trappedInadequate space between equipment

Looking at Pictures

Look through the pictures in Unit 4 (1-3 years) and Unit 5 (4-6 years)

What do you notice about the differences in their physical development?

Height and Weight

• Slightly slower than 1-3 years• Average yearly increase: 2 ½ - 3 inches• 4-5 lbs per year• Boys slightly taller and heavier than girls

Chart on 437

Proportion and Posture

• Straight and slimmer between 4th-7th birthday• Protruding abdomen flattens• Shoulder widen• Chest flattens• Neck longer• Legs lengthen• Balance and coordination improve• Hold arms nearer to body when walk/run

Teeth

How does their smile look between 4-6?

Primary teeth or replaced with permanent teeth Set of 32 Generally, primary lost in same order they came in.

Molars are first to appear: helps keep other teeth in position

Toothless Smiles

Thumb Sucking

• Comfort themselves/handle tension• Ignore it • Stop on their own• Excessive? Check with dentist• Problem if position of permanent teeth or jaw

is being altered

Motor Skills

• Improve drastically• Timing of development varies• 4-6 year old are very energetic• Favorite activities physical• Need practice

• Page 440-441

Hand Preference

• Consistently use one hand by age 5• Few are ambidextrous• Do not know how hand preference develops• Heredity??• Parents influence??

14-2

Feeding

• Need nutritious foods to supply energy• Serving sizes smaller• Minimum servings in each group• 5-6 small meals/snacks a day

Poor Nutrition

• Many causes…. List some.

Poor Nutrition

• Caregivers don’t understand the need for it• Poor examples as caregivers• Children allowed to choose own food• Negative effects:– Less resistance to colds/illnesses– Limited growth– Difficulty learning

Weight Problems

• Check with doctor before deciding if child is overweight or underweight

• Extra calories stored as fat• Poor food choices

Teaching Nutrition

At home:Involve children: how??At school:Use food as a learning toolPutting peanut butter on celery and raisinsBring lunch or buy lunch but thrown away or

tradedPage. 448 (tips)

Self Care

BathingLess interested nowEstablish routine

Brushing TeethTooth decay is a real concernSealants and fluoride toothpastes prevent

cavities

Self Care

DressingDifficulty matchingComfort, durability and economyGroup identification: belonging becomes important

Caring for clothesFold/hang clothesPut clothes awayIncrease sense of responsibility

Self Care

SleepingNo afternoon napsCooperative about going to bedBed wettingToiletingFew accidentsMay be nervous about asking where bathroom

is or concentrating on an activity

Effects of TV

• Page 452

1. What was your favorite tv show?2. How can children benefit?3. What can they learn?4. What are some negative effects of watching

television?