World War II

Journal #21Write down everything you know about

World War II.

When you are finished, write one term/concept that you know on the board.

Check next to terms that other students put up that you also know.

World War II Total war

Most widespread war in history

Deadliest war in history Holocaust, genocide, nuclear weapons

1939-1945

Axis vs. Allies Axis: Germany, Japan, Italy Allies: Great Britain, United States, USSR

World War II Stats 50-70 million total deaths

40-50 million civilian deaths

20-25 million military deaths

Holocaust:6 million Jews 6 million:

Roma, Polish, Russians, handicapped, and others

Essential Questions What events led to all-out war in

Europe?

How did the war affect Europe?

How did defeat affect life in Japan?

Timeline and map of the warTurn to pgs. 488-489 in your books.

How long did WWII last in Europe?

How long after France declared war on Germany did it surrender?

Why did the US and USSR join the war in 1941?

Why was Feb. 1943 a bad month for the Axis Powers?

Setting the Stage What was the situation in the following

nations at the beginning of World War II?Germany Japan Poland France

GroupsGermany: Brian, Peter, Anthony,

Morgan, Julianna

Poland: Evan, Roman, Tyler, Madison, Kristina

France: Brendan, Spencer, Siany, Kevin, Kyle

Japan: Jacob, Josh, Ben, Giulianna

Groups Germany: Brooke, Hailey, Brandon,

Hunter, Tyler S.

Poland: Cassady, Josh, Alicia, Brendan

Japan: Ben, DJ, Austin, Andrew

France: Mikayla, Bailey, Justin, Tyler M.

Journal #22What was one major event in the war

that occurred in 1939?

What was one major event that occurred in 1940?

Write down the definitions for the first two terms on your vocab. sheet

Write one thing you want to learn about World War II.

Blitzkrieg “Lightning war”

What does this mean?

September 1st, 1939: Hitler takes Poland

Denmark, Norway follow

May 1940: Dunkirk rescue

French surrender: June 1940

Two Reactions

Battle of Britain Winston Churchill Speech

RAF defends Britain from bombing by the Luftwaffe

The London Blitz 76 nights

1941: Turning point of the war? Two major events:

1. USSR enters the war

Why? Operation Barbarossa

2. United States enters the war

Why? Pearl Harbor

Mediterranean and Eastern Fronts in 1941 Rommel in Egypt to help Italy

Germany takes over Balkan countries

Operation Barbarossa: Plan to invade the Soviet Union (June 1941)

1941-1944: Siege of Leningrad 1 million deaths

United States: Lend-Lease Act

Atlantic Charter: Churchill and Roosevelt

Journal #23Under what circumstances is going to

war justified?

Another way to think about it: What is a “just” war?

Just War Last resort

Just cause Self defense, defense of others, to redress

wrongs

Waged by legitimate authorities

Must have a reasonable chance of success

Goal to re-establish peace

Violence proportional to the injury suffered

Civilians are never targets

Today’s Essential Questions How did Japanese expansionism lead

to war with the Allies in Asia?

How did the attack on Pearl Harbor affect American attitudes towards the Japanese?

Review Japan’s goals in Asia

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

What were two important events that took place in 1941?

How was the U.S. involved in the war prior to Pearl Harbor?

Read the article describing how and why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Then we will discuss.

Video

A Pearl Harbor overview:

December 7, 1941: “A date which will live in infamy”

4 battleships sunk, 188 aircraft destroyed

2400 Americans killed, 1178 injured

“We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war.”--Admiral Tadaichai

Results What was the American response to

Pearl Harbor?

FDR leads the US to declare war on Japan

Doolittle Raid

Japanese-American internment camps

War in the Pacific Island Hopping

Important battles: Midway Guadalcanal

Bataan Death March

Journal #24What made World War II battles so

brutal? Give examples from the Pacific and Europe.

Remember: ICE!

Second half of the war (1942-1945) Review: Pearl Harbor

Important battles:Midway Stalingrad El Alamein D Day Battle of the BulgeIwo Jima, Okinawa

Groups North Africa/El Alamein: Tyler S., Josh,

Justin

Stalingrad: Ben, Brendan, Tyler M.

Italy: Austin, Cassady, Hunter

Homefront: Mikayla, DJ

D-Day: Brandon, Andrew, Alicia

Battle of the Bulge: Hailey, Bailey, Brooke

Groups North Africa/El Alamein: Giulianna,

Kristina, Brian

Stalingrad: Spencer, Julianna, Kyle, Anthony

Italy: Jacob, Siany, Tyler

Homefront: Madison, Josh, Peter

D-Day: Brendan, Morgan, Roman

Battle of the Bulge: Evan, Kevin, Ben

Journal #25Challenge:

In one sentence, summarize the events of the video yesterday (the end of the war in Europe).

End of the war in Europe Yalta Conference: Feb. 1945

Big 3 meet: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin US convinces USSR to declare war on

Japan 3 months after fighting ends in Europe

Potsdam Conference: July 1945New Big 3: Truman, Attlee, Stalin Postwar issues in Europe Japan still fighting; issues the Potsdam

Declaration (unconditional surrender)

Journal #26What was the main message of the

Potsdam Declaration?

Take out your vocab. sheet and define the terms from “Winston Churchill” to “Battle of Midway.” Then define the terms from “Battle of Stalingrad” to “kamikaze.”

How to end war with Japan? Land invasion or drop the bomb?

Goal: Quickest surrender, fewest American casualties

Operation Downfall: Allied plan for the invasion of Japan 250,000 American casualties predicted 5-10 million Japanese fatalities?

Okinawa: 12,000 US casualties; 100,000 Japanese casualties

What was the Japanese mindset at this time?

Atomic Bomb development Manhattan Project: Secret US project to

create the first atomic bomb

Robert Oppenheimer: Physicist, leader of the Manhattan Project

Trinity Test: First test site, on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico

Developed to “beat” the Nazis from getting it first

Trinity Test: “I am become death, the shatterer of worlds.”

Dropping the bomb Little Boy: Dropped on Hiroshima

August 6, 1945

Fat Man: Dropped on Nagasaki August 9, 1945

Enola Gay: Bomber that dropped Little Boy

Why these targets?Military centers “Virgin” (had not been bombed yet)

Enola Gay

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Effects Killed 90000-160000 in Hiroshima

Killed 60000-80000 in Nagasaki

Half of the deaths occurred on the first day from:Flame burns, falling debris

Later, many died from:Radiation poisoning, flash burns

Most of the victims were civilians

Effects 6 days later, Japan unconditionally

surrendered

Journal #27As technology becomes more and

more advanced, do you think war becomes more or less “just”?

Socratic Seminar Rules Respect!

Only one person speaks at a time.

Everyone must speak at least once.

Outer circle: Take notes as you listen to the inner circle discussion. There will be one empty seat for anyone who wants to join in. When someone new joins, someone from the inner circle must leave.

Questions to consider Should the US have dropped the

atomic bomb on Japan?Morally just?Practical? Necessary?

Role of technology in warfare: What lessons can we learn from this for today and the future?

Create one question that you can pose to the group.

Journal #28How did the seminar influence (or

change?) your thinking about the issue of dropping the atomic bomb?

Grade your participation on your rubric and write a short explanation.

Postwar 60 million deaths

50 million refugees

Destruction of major cities

Journal #29Use ICE to write a paragraph

reflecting on:

To many people, World War II is an example of a “good war,” a war that needed to be fought. Do you agree or disagree with this assessment and why or why not?