Monuments Relevant to monuments is

architecture. Everything around us is architecture. The house you live in, the buildings you see…… they are all perfect examples.

Europe, since the ancient days, has been well known for its brilliant monuments.

Its examples range from the Roman Coliseum (Background), built in 72 AD, to the ultra-modern Parliament in Brussels (right).

The Big Ben (actually, the Clock Tower)

It is interesting to note a common misconception: The "Big Ben" is not the Clock or the Clock Tower; it is actually the bell that chimes.

It weighs 14 tons and was cast in Whitechapel. It is named after Sir Benjamin Hall, the Chief

Commissioner of the works when the Clock Tower was finally completed in 1858.

Actually, The Big Ben is the second bell for the Clock Tower: the original broke during a tests ringing.

The Clock Tower, along with the Palace of Westminster, is an excellent example of Neo-Gothic Architecture.

The Palace of Westminster Work on the Palace began in 1042, but the

devastating fire of 1834 destroyed a large part of the original building.

It was rebuilt from 1834 – 1868. It was during this time the Clock Tower was introduced.

The Palace of Westminster is a brilliant example of Neo-Gothic architecture in London.

It now serves as the House of Parliament.

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey

is one of the most impressive buildings in Europe. Pictured is its west façade, and the background of the slide is its interior.

It acts as a memorial for noteworthy individuals such as Oscar Wilde.

The Tower Bridge The Tower Bridge gets its name from

the London Tower nearby. It became functional in 1894.

It has become an iconic symbol of London.

It is a combined bascule and suspension bridge that connects two sides of the Thames.

La Tour Eiffel Something that is world-famous today…

could it actually have been hated, once upon a time?

The Eiffel Tower, the most famous symbol of France, was originally despised by many brilliant minds, including Alexandre Dumas, who believed it was like a “blotch” on Paris.

Nevertheless, Gustave Eiffel’s puddle-iron masterpiece persevered and remains to this day, the first modern structure and one of the most beautiful structures in the world.

L’Arc de Triomphe

The arc of triumph was built by the notoriously dwarfish, yet cunning general Napoleon Bonaparte after their victory at Austerlitz.

The Arc is the second largest arc in the world.

In fact, it is so large, that after the end of hostilities of the World War 1, Charles Godefroy flew his biplane through it.

Château de Versailles When the palace was

built, Versailles was a village in France; now, it is one of the largest suburbs of Paris.

The Palace, which was originally thought of by Louis the XIV, is famed for its gardens.

On the right is the layout of the palace in 1746. It is in this palace that the famed Hall of Mirrors is found.

The Roman Coliseum Blood, sweat, and tears! Italy is the home to one of

the bloodiest arenas in the world, where people (termed as gladiators) were forced or chose to fight.

The construction of the amphitheater was started by emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty in 72 AD and was finished by his son Titus in 80 AD.

During the Coliseum’s opening ceremonies, spectacles were held for 100 days in which 5,000 of animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.

The Coliseum was capable of holding 50,000 spectators.

The Arch of Constantine

Built in 315 AD as a commemoration of the victory of Constantine I over Maxentius at Milvian Bridge in AD 312.

It is located in the valley of the Coliseum and marks an important part of traditional proceedings.

Roman Pantheon In Rome, we meet another Pantheon. It is a Roman temple built in 126 AD by

Publius Aelius Hadrianus. Even 2000 years after it was built, today,

the dome of the Pantheon is the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome.

It is not secular, unlike its French counterpart. Since the 7th Century, it has been used as a Catholic Church dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs.

Pompeii The eruption of Mount

Vesuvius in AD 79 changed the lives of the people. Most were immediately buried alive by the ash that formed a shell around their bodies (see left).

It is for such a terrible thing that Pompeii finally received attention.

It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Athenian Acropolis The most important of the archaeological

remains on the Acropolis is without question the Parthenon, completed in 432 BC and dedicated to Athena, the Greek goddess of courage, inspiration and wisdom.

Further significant Acropolis attractions include the Erechtheion Temple, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, the Old Temple of Athena, the Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus, the Temple of Athena Nike, and the Propylaea.

Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus

Dating back to the 5th century, the theatre this giant amphitheatre began its life as a more modest wooden structure, before being constructed in stone during the 6th century.

It can contain about 20,000 spectators.

Hellenic Parliament The Hellenic Parliament building, completed in the

early 1840s, began its life as a royal palace. However, it was not long before a great fire in 1909

destroyed it and it had to be reconstructed. In the early 1920s, when Greek monarchy was

abolished, it first became a hospital, and later a museum.

In 1929, the government decreed that the former palace would become the official home of parliament, and whilst the monarchy was restored in 1935 (being later abolished again in 1973), this landmark has remained as the Hellenic Parliament building ever since.

EU Parliament In stark contrast with

the sober, historical structures flaunted by this presentation, the EU Parliament in Brussels is one of the most modern buildings in the world.

One glance at its beautiful design is sure to leave you amazed.

The Atomium This unique

monument is just as modern as the Parliament.

Built for the Universal Exhibition of 1958, it represents a molecule of 9 atoms joined together.

Anglo-Belgian Memorial It was built and unveiled by the Prince of

Wales. It was officially unveiled in 1923. It is a commemoration to the support

given by the Belgian People to British Prisoners of War in World War 1.

The statue of liberty was a gift given to us by the French to celebrate are friendship.It was also made to celebrate the declaration of independence.Frederie Auguste Barholdi was assigned to design it.They started to build the statue ofLiberty in 1875.The statue of liberty is in New York city.

Statue of Liberty

A war memorial is made to remember a victory of a war.

The second reasons is to honor the people who died.

There are many different war memorials but here are some of them Arc de Triomphe and Nelson's Column.

For the big wars there are many different memorials.

War memorials

in 1808 and ended in 1825. The Erie Canal is famous for its song and poetry.

The building of the canal started

The Erie Canal linked the Hudson River and Lake Erie.

People started to call it the eighth wonder of the world.

It used to be called Clintons Big Ditch when it had no water

The canal is about 4 feet deep.

The Erie canal passes

through Spencerport

Erie Canal

IT WAS BUILD BY AN IT WAS BUILD BY AN EMPEROR CALLED EMPEROR CALLED SHAN JAHAN IN THE SHAN JAHAN IN THE MEMORY OF HIS MEMORY OF HIS BELOVED WIFE BELOVED WIFE MUMTAZ MAHAL.MUMTAZ MAHAL.

IT TOOK 20,000 IT TOOK 20,000 LABOURERS AN LABOURERS AN CRAFTSMEN TO CRAFTSMEN TO COMPLETE IT IN 22 COMPLETE IT IN 22 YEARSYEARS

THE QUTUB MINAR IS THE THE QUTUB MINAR IS THE HIGHEST STONE HIGHEST STONE TOWER IN INDIA.TOWER IN INDIA.

IT IS SITUATED AT DELHI.IT IS SITUATED AT DELHI.

IT WAS STARTED IT WAS STARTED BUILDING BY A KING BUILDING BY A KING NAMED QUTUB-UD-DIN NAMED QUTUB-UD-DIN AIBAK AND WAS AIBAK AND WAS COMPLETED BY COMPLETED BY ILTUTMISH WHO WAS ILTUTMISH WHO WAS THE NEXT KING. THE NEXT KING.

IT IS LOVATED AT IT IS LOVATED AT JAIPUR.JAIPUR.

HAWA MAHAL WAS HAWA MAHAL WAS BUILT BY BUILT BY MAHARAJA SWAI MAHARAJA SWAI PRATAP SINGH II.PRATAP SINGH II.

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE PALACE OF THE PALACE OF WINDS.WINDS.

IT IS LOCATED AT IT IS LOCATED AT HYDERAVBAD.HYDERAVBAD.

IT WAS BUILT BY IT WAS BUILT BY MAHARAJA SULTAN MAHARAJA SULTAN MOHAMMOD OULI MOHAMMOD OULI OUTB SHAH.OUTB SHAH.

IT IS MORE THAN 400 IT IS MORE THAN 400 YEARS OLD.YEARS OLD.

ITS EACH TOWER’S ITS EACH TOWER’S HIGHT IS 53 HIGHT IS 53 METRES.METRES.

Thank You!

I hope the audiences have learned something (or rather more than just something).

Thank you all for patient hearing.