world war one stuff
TRANSCRIPT
World War IWorld War I
1914-19181914-1918USA entered in April 1917USA entered in April 1917
Differing Viewpoints ““Family Feud”Family Feud” “ “Fall of the Eagles”Fall of the Eagles” “ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars” “ “The War to ‘Make theThe War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy World Safe for Democracy’”’”
World War One World War One
German’s RulerGerman’s Ruler
Kaiser (King) Wilhelm IIKaiser (King) Wilhelm II
Russia’s Czar: Nicholas II Russia’s Czar: Nicholas II RomanovRomanov
SultanSultan Mehmed VI (1861-1926) Mehmed VI (1861-1926)
World War IWorld War I
When did they fightWhen did they fight– 1914 to 1918 1914 to 1918
Allied Powers vs. Central PowersAllied Powers vs. Central Powers
USA did not join the fight USA did not join the fight until April 1917until April 1917
WHY: WHY: Causes of World War I ( WW I)Causes of World War I ( WW I)a.k.a. = the war to end all warsa.k.a. = the war to end all wars
M-A-N-I-AM-A-N-I-A MilitarismMilitarismAlliances Alliances NationalismNationalismImperialism Imperialism Assassination Assassination
Franz Josef, Austrian EmperorFranz Josef, Austrian Emperor
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow WilsonFourteen Point Peace Plan Fourteen Point Peace Plan
Allied leaders: WW I Allied leaders: WW I
Europe in 1914
Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 191494 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
ExpendituresFrance 10%Britain 13%Russia 39%
Germany
73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
Colonial
Rivalries:
Africain
1914
Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914
Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
Europe in 1914
The Balkans in
1914
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Future king of Austria
The Assassination: Sarajevo located in the
Balkans
The Assassin:GavriloPrincipSerbian Terrorist Serbian Terrorist
group: BLACK HANDgroup: BLACK HANDHe was mad at He was mad at AUSTRIA –AUSTRIA –HUNGARY for HUNGARY for oppressing the Serbs oppressing the Serbs in AUSTRIA in AUSTRIA
Who’s To Blame?
German Plan to win WWI: The Schlieffen Plan
German Atrocities in Belgium
WW I WW I
Where did they fight: Where did they fight: –Mainly in EuropeMainly in Europe but also in but also in
Middle East Middle East
…………………
WESTERN FRONT …..
EASTERN FRONT
German Troops German Troops
American TroopsAmerican Troops
Called YanksCalled Yanksand Doughboysand Doughboys
Convoy SystemConvoy System
Militarism: Militarism: – Marked increase in size and strength of Marked increase in size and strength of
industrialized nations armies and naviesindustrialized nations armies and naviesDriven byDriven by
– Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism– Effort to gain and keep colonies (Mahan’s theory)Effort to gain and keep colonies (Mahan’s theory)
Alliances: Alliances: – Interlocking agreements among nations Interlocking agreements among nations
guaranteeing support in event of war. guaranteeing support in event of war. France had allied itself with RussiaFrance had allied itself with RussiaRussia with Serbia Russia with Serbia Germany with Austria Germany with Austria England with France and BelgiumEngland with France and Belgium
Nationalism: extreme loyalty and pride to Nationalism: extreme loyalty and pride to one’s nation one’s nation – Germany becomes a nation January 1871Germany becomes a nation January 1871– Bismarck unifies German states via policy of Bismarck unifies German states via policy of
“Blood and Iron” “Blood and Iron” – Kaiser Wilhelm I Kaiser Wilhelm I
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) Germany defeats France Germany defeats France
Long Term Causes of WWI Long Term Causes of WWI
Imperialism:Imperialism:– industrialized nations struggle over colonies in industrialized nations struggle over colonies in
Africa and Asia for raw materials. Africa and Asia for raw materials. – Africa and Asia carved up and occupied by Africa and Asia carved up and occupied by
Europeans Europeans
Assassination of Austrian Prince Archduke Assassination of Austrian Prince Archduke Franz FerdinandFranz Ferdinand
German Plan to win WW I German Plan to win WW I
Von Schlieffen Plan-- invade Belgium--Conquer France-- conquer France
U – Boat Warfare-- sink ships coming to England-- force England to surrender
Allied Powers: (1914)Allied Powers: (1914)– FranceFrance– Great BritainGreat Britain– Russia Russia – SerbiaSerbia– USA in 1917 USA in 1917
Central PowersCentral Powers– Germany Germany – Austro-HungaryAustro-Hungary– BulgariaBulgaria– Ottoman TurkeyOttoman Turkey
What nation Joined the Allied What nation Joined the Allied Powers in 1917 ? Powers in 1917 ?
The United States of The United States of America America
1917: a pivotal year 1917: a pivotal year
RUSSIA leaves the RUSSIA leaves the war …..why? war …..why? Communist Communist RevolutionRevolution
EFFECT: EFFECT: benefits benefits Germany because they Germany because they won’t have to fight on won’t have to fight on the Eastern Frontthe Eastern Front
WW I WW I
Who won ? Who won ? – ALLIED POWERS defeated Germany and Central ALLIED POWERS defeated Germany and Central
powerspowers– **********************************************************************************************************– Armistice Day = 11Armistice Day = 11thth day day – (stopping of shooting)(stopping of shooting) 11 11thth Hour Hour– 1111thth Month Month – 1918 1918 – TREATY of VERSAILLES official peace treaty signed TREATY of VERSAILLES official peace treaty signed
in 1919.in 1919.
Casualties: Casualties:
American Dead: American Dead:
approximately approximately 110,000110,000
in in 1919 months of war. months of war. Total from ALL nations: 22 million deadTotal from ALL nations: 22 million dead
WW I WW I The The HowHow and and WhyWhy they fought in World War One they fought in World War One is most is most interestinginteresting, , tragictragic and and complicatedcomplicated. .
German U-Boats terrorize Atlantic German U-Boats terrorize Atlantic Ocean Ocean
U Boats sink ships: Lusitania most U Boats sink ships: Lusitania most Famous, 128 American killedFamous, 128 American killed
19151915U boats used by U boats used by Germans to cut Germans to cut off supplies to off supplies to England and England and attempt to stop attempt to stop American American reinforcementsreinforcements
Trench Warfare
The Western Front
WWI : New and Improved ways of WWI : New and Improved ways of Killing People Killing People
Poison GasPoison GasMustard gasMustard gasNerve gasNerve gas
Trench LifeTrench Life
Barbed wireBarbed wireDiseaseDiseaseRatsRats
Hate BeltHate Belt
TanksTanks
Tanks used to get Tanks used to get across barbed wireacross barbed wire
..
World War I : ArtilleryWorld War I : Artillery
WW I – Machine Guns shot more WW I – Machine Guns shot more bullets and killed more troopsbullets and killed more troops
World War I : AirplanesWorld War I : Airplanesmostly DOGFIGHTSmostly DOGFIGHTS
..
Red Baron: German airplane aceRed Baron: German airplane ace
..
USA and WW I – 1914- 1917USA and WW I – 1914- 1917$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$
..
Propaganda Used to persuade Propaganda Used to persuade people to fight people to fight
USA and anti German feelings USA and anti German feelings 1914 - 19171914 - 1917
Wilson from 1914-1917Wilson from 1914-1917
Keep us OUT OF Europe’s War!Keep us OUT OF Europe’s War!
Why did Wilson ask for Declaration of War Why did Wilson ask for Declaration of War April 6, 1917? April 6, 1917?
. .
..
Sgt. YORK Sgt. YORK
Famous US SoldierFamous US SoldierCaptured 100 + Captured 100 + German soldiersGerman soldiersKilled over 20 enemy Killed over 20 enemy soldier soldier
Armistice: Nov 11, 1918 Armistice: Nov 11, 1918
..
Prelude to USA’s entryPrelude to USA’s entry
1915 : sinking of Lusitania1915 : sinking of Lusitania1916: Wilson reelected on Neutrality pledge 1916: Wilson reelected on Neutrality pledge 1916: Preparedness Movement in USA by 1916: Preparedness Movement in USA by Sussex Pledge: UBoats would NOT sink shipsSussex Pledge: UBoats would NOT sink ships– violated by Jan. 1917violated by Jan. 1917
Jan. 1917: Zimmerman NoteJan. 1917: Zimmerman NoteFeb. 1917: Unrestricted U-boat WarfareFeb. 1917: Unrestricted U-boat WarfareApril 1917: USA War DeclarationApril 1917: USA War DeclarationAmerican Expeditionary Force in Europe Nov. 1917American Expeditionary Force in Europe Nov. 1917
War Effects on Home Front USAWar Effects on Home Front USA
Selective Service Act: males 21-30 Selective Service Act: males 21-30 Average income rises BUT so do pricesAverage income rises BUT so do pricesFinancing the War: Liberty BondsFinancing the War: Liberty Bonds– Liberty BondsLiberty Bonds– War Revenue Act: graduated income taxWar Revenue Act: graduated income tax
Committee Public Info Committee Public Info Propaganda arm of Propaganda arm of war effort war effort Sponsored by govt. to Sponsored by govt. to explain to public why explain to public why we were fighting in we were fighting in the warthe warPamphlets, films, Pamphlets, films, speakers, speakers, advertisements,…etc.advertisements,…etc.Led by George CreelLed by George Creel
War Industries BoardWar Industries Board– Organized economyOrganized economyFood AdministrationFood Administration– Supervised feeding of Supervised feeding of
armies and civilian armies and civilian population.population.
– Meatless Mondays, Meatless Mondays, wheatless Tuesdays, wheatless Tuesdays, victory gardensvictory gardens
– Headed by Herbert Headed by Herbert Hoover Hoover
Espionage and Sedition Act of 1917 Espionage and Sedition Act of 1917 – Made it illegal to say anything that may be Made it illegal to say anything that may be
viewed as DISLOYAL or ABUSIVE toward the viewed as DISLOYAL or ABUSIVE toward the war effort. war effort.
– $10,000 fine and 20 years in prison to anyone $10,000 fine and 20 years in prison to anyone who interfered with draft or encouraged who interfered with draft or encouraged disloyaltydisloyalty
Daylight Savings TimeDaylight Savings Time
Developed during the Developed during the War to make more War to make more efficient use of efficient use of daylight hours in daylight hours in order to extend the order to extend the workday.workday.
National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board
Headed by Samuel Headed by Samuel GompersGompersUnions agreed not to Unions agreed not to strike during the Warstrike during the War
Free Speech Cases: WW I Free Speech Cases: WW I Case -------------------Nature of crimeCase -------------------Nature of crime
Abrams v. USA Abrams v. USA ( 1917-1918 )( 1917-1918 )
Being critical of WW I Being critical of WW I
Schenk v. USASchenk v. USA( 1917-1918 )( 1917-1918 )
Being critical of WW I Being critical of WW I
Justice Oliver Wendell HolmesJustice Oliver Wendell Holmes
in in Schenk CaseSchenk Case[ do the words used ] “create a clear and [ do the words used ] “create a clear and present danger…?”present danger…?”if so, Congress has a right to stop the if so, Congress has a right to stop the speechspeech““Protection of free speech would not Protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting ‘Fire!’ in a protect a man in falsely shouting ‘Fire!’ in a theatre and causing panic.” theatre and causing panic.”
Holmes Holmes
Abrams Case:Abrams Case: free exchange of ideas important free exchange of ideas important truth will win out in the intellectual truth will win out in the intellectual marketplace marketplace This concept of the free marketplace of This concept of the free marketplace of ideas is now a central concept to USA’s ideas is now a central concept to USA’s Free Speech philosophyFree Speech philosophy
Domestic Consequences for USADomestic Consequences for USABlacks move to Blacks move to Northern citiesNorthern citiesWomen in Women in workforce workforce Anti-immigrant Anti-immigrant feelingfeelingUSA becomes USA becomes world’s greatest world’s greatest industrial power industrial power
Versailles Treaty Versailles Treaty
Article 231: The War Guilt Clause: Germany Article 231: The War Guilt Clause: Germany forced to accept total responsibility for forced to accept total responsibility for starting the war. starting the war. REPARATIONS: therefore, the Germans REPARATIONS: therefore, the Germans were obligated to pay HUGE amount of were obligated to pay HUGE amount of money to pay for the war.money to pay for the war.
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow WilsonFourteen Point Peace Plan Fourteen Point Peace Plan
14 Points 14 Points
Freedom of SeasFreedom of SeasNo secret treatiesNo secret treatiesCreation of League of NationsCreation of League of NationsPromotion of worldwide democracy: Promotion of worldwide democracy: Austria Austria Poland / Czeckoslavokia / Latvia / Lithuania / Estonia/ Syria / Iraq / Palestine / Poland / Czeckoslavokia / Latvia / Lithuania / Estonia/ Syria / Iraq / Palestine / Lebanon / Finland / TransJordanLebanon / Finland / TransJordan
Peace Conference…Peace Conference…
Wilson wants Allies Wilson wants Allies to be lenient on to be lenient on defeated Germansdefeated Germans
Other European Other European powers want to powers want to punish Germanypunish Germany
George Clemenceau George Clemenceau
““the TIGER” the TIGER” Dedicated to revenge Dedicated to revenge on Germany on Germany
David Lloyd George David Lloyd George
Prime Minister of Prime Minister of England England
Vittorio Orlando Vittorio Orlando
Premier of Italy Premier of Italy
League of NationsLeague of Nations
Is created…..butIs created…..butUSA does not joinUSA does not joinHenry Cabot Lodge in Henry Cabot Lodge in the USA Senate leads the USA Senate leads effort to block effort to block Disappointment to Disappointment to President WilsonPresident Wilson
Pre WW I Pre WW I
Triple Entente / ALLIES
Big Four Big Four
Trench artTrench art is is commonly defined as commonly defined as any decorative item any decorative item made by soldiers, made by soldiers, prisoners of war or prisoners of war or civilians, where the civilians, where the manufacture is manufacture is directly linked to directly linked to armed conflict or its armed conflict or its consequencesconsequences
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against ArmeniansDistricts & Vilayets of
Western Armenia in Turkey 1914 1922Erzerum 215,000 1,500Van 197,000 500Kharbert 204,000 35,000Diarbekir 124,000 3,000Bitlis 220,000 56,000Sivas 225,000 16,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000European Turkey 194,000 163,000Trapizond District 73,390 15,000
Total 2,133,190 387,800
Arshile Gorky Arshile Gorky
PROPAGANDA POSTERS PROPAGANDA POSTERS OF WORLD WAR IOF WORLD WAR I
Throughout World War One, propaganda posters were used to inform the masses of the war’s happenings. These posters also asked
people for help with the war. Four major types of propaganda posters from WWI were recruitment, asking for supplies, asking for the purchase of war bonds, and asking for help with the Red Cross.
RECRUITMENTPOSTERS
Military recruiting posters used many tactics to enlist
men. Some posters instilled a sense of duty to protect your
country and loved ones, while others provoked a hatred for the enemy and their actions.some posters preached opportunity and learning a trade. Many,
however, simply asked for men to enlist and said that
they needed them.
WAR BOND POSTERS
War bonds were sold to the public as a way of raising money for the war.These bonds were advertised in posters . Many means of advertisement were used.
Troop sympathy, helping the troops, protecting loved ones, stopping the Hun,doing your duty, protecting country, and showing the horrors of war
were all used in these posters.
WAR SUPPLY POSTERS
War supply posters asked for the public to provide food and goods for the
soldiers. The posters asked for the people to save and donate food and goods.the
posters said how the supplies helped and showed
what it is like without the supplies. This was a sign
that the country was in total war, devoting all of its
resources to the war effort.
RED CROSS POSTERS
The Red Cross posters promoted the red cross and asked for support. These posters asked for volunteers and
supplies. These posters showed soldiers
needing, the good the red cross does, and the
hope it brings
THE
END
U Boats sink ships: Lusitania most U Boats sink ships: Lusitania most Famous, 128 American killedFamous, 128 American killed
19151915U boats used by U boats used by Germans to cut Germans to cut off supplies to off supplies to England and England and attempt to stop attempt to stop American American reinforcementsreinforcements
