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World War Looms Chapter 24

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World War Looms. Chapter 24. Surges of Nationalism. After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal ended up suffering from economic depression New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them Dictators began to take control - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: World War Looms

World War LoomsChapter 24

Page 2: World War Looms

After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal◦ ended up suffering from economic depression

New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them

Dictators began to take control◦ used nationalism (loyalty to one’s country) and

dreams of territorial expansion◦ people turned to them to solve economic and

social problems

Surges of Nationalism

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Treaty caused anger and resentment◦ Germany was upset at being blamed for WWI

Russia and Germany resented having their territories taken away

Treaty of Versailles Fails

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Soviet Union:- Democracy civil war communist- Stalin took over- totalitarian gov’t- agricultural and industrial growth- became 2nd largest industryItaly:- Mussolini starts totalitarian regime- set up Fascist Party- wanted to become a world power- took control over all aspects of life- invaded Ethiopia

Germany:- Hitler and Nazi party gain power- German economy was suffering- Wanted racial purification - Wanted to gain back territories- set up Third Reich- sent troops into Rhineland

Japan:- Military leaders take control- wanted more territory - took control of Manchuria- Tojo took control

Spain:- Franco rebelled against republic- wanted to spread Fascism- Franco aided by Hitler & Mussolini- Soviet Union sent equipment- set up totalitarian gov’t

Changes In Europe

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Americans alarmed by conflicts in Europe◦ didn’t want US to get involved

Kellogg-Briand Pact – war is not to be used “as an instrument of national policy”◦ Had no way to enforce it, wasn’t signed by all

countries

US feared being drawn into another war enforced policy of nonintervention

◦ Good Neighbor policy, Reciprocal Trade Agreement

US Isolationism

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1 – outlawed weapons sales to nations at war 2 – outlawed loaning money to nations at war 3 – banned selling weapons or making loans

to nations involved in civil wars Didn’t last long

◦ 1937 - Japan attacked China ◦ US sent supplies and weapons to China

FDR – Japan didn’t technically declare war, so it’s not against the Neutrality Acts

FDR spoke out against isolationism, wanted to “quarantine” aggressor nations

Neutrality Acts

Page 7: World War Looms

Hitler wanted to expand ◦ didn’t care if his actions would provoke a war

Anschluss (union) - Austria◦ most people living in Austria were German and

favored unification

Sudetenland - Czechoslovakia◦ Hitler accused the Czechs of attacking the Germans◦ France and Great Britain had promised to aid

Czechoslovakia gave into Hitler because he claimed it was his last

territorial demand

Lebensraum

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turned Sudentenland over to Germany◦ British PM Chamberlain thought it would lead to

peace◦ Churchill thought it was appeasement

Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway◦ claimed “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist”◦ wanted Poland as well

Munich Agreement

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Hitler attempted the same actions with Poland◦ an attack on Poland may cause conflict with

Soviets◦ France and Britain would come to Poland’s aid

To avoid another 2-front war, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin◦ agreed not to attack each other◦ secretly agreed to split Poland between them

Non-Aggression with Soviets

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Sept 1, 1939 – Luftwaffe (German air force)◦ bombed Poland◦ first appearance of the blitzkrieg

takes enemy by surprise and overwhelming force◦ major fighting was done in 3 weeks◦ Germany attacked from the west, Soviets from

the east Poland’s allies didn’t have time to help

** Start of WWII **

Blitzkrieg

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after the fall of Poland, British and French troops set up along the eastern border of France, waiting for the Germans

German troops sat a few miles away

Referred to as the “phony war”

Sitzkrieg

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Germany:◦ Denmark◦ Norway◦ Netherlands◦ Belgium◦ Luxembourg

Soviet Union:◦ Estonia◦ Latvia◦ Lithuania◦ Finland

Germany and Soviet Union expand

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Germans sent tanks through France and marched on Paris◦ chased the British and French troops to the English

Channel Italy entered the war on Germany’s side and

invaded France from the south Germany’s terms of surrender

◦ northern portion of France – Germany◦ southern portion of France – Nazi controlled gov’t

Charles de Gaulle set up a gov’t in exile in Britain

Fall of France

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Germans prepared to invade Britain◦ Germany knew it couldn’t beat the British navy,

so they launched the navy and Luftwaffe at the same time

◦ wanted to destroy the Royal Air Force

Radar allowed the RAF to fight at night

Hitler called off the invasion after losing 185+ aircraft

Battle of Britain

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Watch the video, answer the questions

The Holocaust

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FDR knew that he needed to convince America to revise the Neutrality Acts

Proposed a “cash and carry” policy◦ warring countries can purchase arms if they pay cash

and transport in their own ships◦ FDR argued it would help France and Britain beat Hitler

“cash and carry” wasn’t doing enough, so Roosevelt decided to give France and Britain “all aid short of war”◦ PM Churchill referred to this as a “decided unneutral

act”

Moving away from neutrality

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Germany, Italy and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty◦ each nation would come to each other’s defense

in case of attack

◦ This meant that if the US were to declare war, then they would be facing a war from both the Atlantic and Pacific

Axis Powers

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asked Congress to increase defense spending passed 1st peacetime military draft

◦ men 21-35 years old

FDR was also running for his 3rd term◦ his opponent also supported aiding Britain and

France, so people chose the candidate they were most familiar with

Decided to alert the US that if Britain fell to Hitler, then America would be next

FDR’s actions in the US

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FDR promised to lend or lease arms and supplies to any nation whose defense was vital to the defense of the US◦ Passed by Congress, wanted to aid Britain especially

decided to include the Soviet Union◦ wanted revenge on Hitler after violating the non-

aggression pact

Lend-Lease Plan

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Germany’s U-boats were trying to sink ships carrying supplies for Britain and France◦ referred to as the “rattlesnakes of the Atlantic”

Atlantic Charter – FDR and Churchill agreed that they would fight the Axis together◦ 26 nations signed the charter

Planning for War

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Japan wanted to control East Asia◦ Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia etc◦ US and its territories blocked their path, and had

placed an oil embargo on Japan

Emperor Hirohito wanted to retain peace with US

General Tojo planned to attack◦ US knew they were coming, had broke Japan’s

codes warned the bases in the Pacific

Invasion of Pearl Harbor

Page 23: World War Looms

December 7, 1941 – Japanese kamikaze pilots attacked Pearl Harbor◦ in less than 2 hrs the attack was done◦ killed 2400+◦ wounded 1100+◦ sank/damaged 21 ships

US didn’t want to fight a war on 2 fronts◦ knew they needed a strong navy and air force to

succeed

December 11, 1941 – US declared war on Japan

Invasion of Pearl Harbor

Page 24: World War Looms

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