world war looms
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World War Looms. Chapter 24. Surges of Nationalism. After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal ended up suffering from economic depression New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them Dictators began to take control - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
World War LoomsChapter 24
After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal◦ ended up suffering from economic depression
New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them
Dictators began to take control◦ used nationalism (loyalty to one’s country) and
dreams of territorial expansion◦ people turned to them to solve economic and
social problems
Surges of Nationalism
Treaty caused anger and resentment◦ Germany was upset at being blamed for WWI
Russia and Germany resented having their territories taken away
Treaty of Versailles Fails
Soviet Union:- Democracy civil war communist- Stalin took over- totalitarian gov’t- agricultural and industrial growth- became 2nd largest industryItaly:- Mussolini starts totalitarian regime- set up Fascist Party- wanted to become a world power- took control over all aspects of life- invaded Ethiopia
Germany:- Hitler and Nazi party gain power- German economy was suffering- Wanted racial purification - Wanted to gain back territories- set up Third Reich- sent troops into Rhineland
Japan:- Military leaders take control- wanted more territory - took control of Manchuria- Tojo took control
Spain:- Franco rebelled against republic- wanted to spread Fascism- Franco aided by Hitler & Mussolini- Soviet Union sent equipment- set up totalitarian gov’t
Changes In Europe
Americans alarmed by conflicts in Europe◦ didn’t want US to get involved
Kellogg-Briand Pact – war is not to be used “as an instrument of national policy”◦ Had no way to enforce it, wasn’t signed by all
countries
US feared being drawn into another war enforced policy of nonintervention
◦ Good Neighbor policy, Reciprocal Trade Agreement
US Isolationism
1 – outlawed weapons sales to nations at war 2 – outlawed loaning money to nations at war 3 – banned selling weapons or making loans
to nations involved in civil wars Didn’t last long
◦ 1937 - Japan attacked China ◦ US sent supplies and weapons to China
FDR – Japan didn’t technically declare war, so it’s not against the Neutrality Acts
FDR spoke out against isolationism, wanted to “quarantine” aggressor nations
Neutrality Acts
Hitler wanted to expand ◦ didn’t care if his actions would provoke a war
Anschluss (union) - Austria◦ most people living in Austria were German and
favored unification
Sudetenland - Czechoslovakia◦ Hitler accused the Czechs of attacking the Germans◦ France and Great Britain had promised to aid
Czechoslovakia gave into Hitler because he claimed it was his last
territorial demand
Lebensraum
turned Sudentenland over to Germany◦ British PM Chamberlain thought it would lead to
peace◦ Churchill thought it was appeasement
Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway◦ claimed “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist”◦ wanted Poland as well
Munich Agreement
Hitler attempted the same actions with Poland◦ an attack on Poland may cause conflict with
Soviets◦ France and Britain would come to Poland’s aid
To avoid another 2-front war, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin◦ agreed not to attack each other◦ secretly agreed to split Poland between them
Non-Aggression with Soviets
Sept 1, 1939 – Luftwaffe (German air force)◦ bombed Poland◦ first appearance of the blitzkrieg
takes enemy by surprise and overwhelming force◦ major fighting was done in 3 weeks◦ Germany attacked from the west, Soviets from
the east Poland’s allies didn’t have time to help
** Start of WWII **
Blitzkrieg
after the fall of Poland, British and French troops set up along the eastern border of France, waiting for the Germans
German troops sat a few miles away
Referred to as the “phony war”
Sitzkrieg
Germany:◦ Denmark◦ Norway◦ Netherlands◦ Belgium◦ Luxembourg
Soviet Union:◦ Estonia◦ Latvia◦ Lithuania◦ Finland
Germany and Soviet Union expand
Germans sent tanks through France and marched on Paris◦ chased the British and French troops to the English
Channel Italy entered the war on Germany’s side and
invaded France from the south Germany’s terms of surrender
◦ northern portion of France – Germany◦ southern portion of France – Nazi controlled gov’t
Charles de Gaulle set up a gov’t in exile in Britain
Fall of France
Germans prepared to invade Britain◦ Germany knew it couldn’t beat the British navy,
so they launched the navy and Luftwaffe at the same time
◦ wanted to destroy the Royal Air Force
Radar allowed the RAF to fight at night
Hitler called off the invasion after losing 185+ aircraft
Battle of Britain
Watch the video, answer the questions
The Holocaust
FDR knew that he needed to convince America to revise the Neutrality Acts
Proposed a “cash and carry” policy◦ warring countries can purchase arms if they pay cash
and transport in their own ships◦ FDR argued it would help France and Britain beat Hitler
“cash and carry” wasn’t doing enough, so Roosevelt decided to give France and Britain “all aid short of war”◦ PM Churchill referred to this as a “decided unneutral
act”
Moving away from neutrality
Germany, Italy and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty◦ each nation would come to each other’s defense
in case of attack
◦ This meant that if the US were to declare war, then they would be facing a war from both the Atlantic and Pacific
Axis Powers
asked Congress to increase defense spending passed 1st peacetime military draft
◦ men 21-35 years old
FDR was also running for his 3rd term◦ his opponent also supported aiding Britain and
France, so people chose the candidate they were most familiar with
Decided to alert the US that if Britain fell to Hitler, then America would be next
FDR’s actions in the US
FDR promised to lend or lease arms and supplies to any nation whose defense was vital to the defense of the US◦ Passed by Congress, wanted to aid Britain especially
decided to include the Soviet Union◦ wanted revenge on Hitler after violating the non-
aggression pact
Lend-Lease Plan
Germany’s U-boats were trying to sink ships carrying supplies for Britain and France◦ referred to as the “rattlesnakes of the Atlantic”
Atlantic Charter – FDR and Churchill agreed that they would fight the Axis together◦ 26 nations signed the charter
Planning for War
Japan wanted to control East Asia◦ Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia etc◦ US and its territories blocked their path, and had
placed an oil embargo on Japan
Emperor Hirohito wanted to retain peace with US
General Tojo planned to attack◦ US knew they were coming, had broke Japan’s
codes warned the bases in the Pacific
Invasion of Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 – Japanese kamikaze pilots attacked Pearl Harbor◦ in less than 2 hrs the attack was done◦ killed 2400+◦ wounded 1100+◦ sank/damaged 21 ships
US didn’t want to fight a war on 2 fronts◦ knew they needed a strong navy and air force to
succeed
December 11, 1941 – US declared war on Japan
Invasion of Pearl Harbor
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