World War LoomsWorld War Looms

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Essential VocabularyEssential Vocabulary

► TotalitarianTotalitarian► FascismFascism► NazismNazism► Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts► Appeasement Appeasement ► Nonaggression pactNonaggression pact► Blitzkreig Blitzkreig ► HolocaustHolocaust► GenocideGenocide► GhettoGhetto

► Concentration campConcentration camp► Axis PowersAxis Powers► Allies Allies ► Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter► Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project► Rationing Rationing ► D-DayD-Day► Kamikaze Kamikaze ► Nuremberg trialsNuremberg trials► Internment Internment

ObjectivesObjectives

► 10.0110.01 AppeasementAppeasement IsolationismIsolationism ReparationsReparations Totalitarian governmentsTotalitarian governments Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Worldwide depressionWorldwide depression

► 10.0210.02 The United States at warThe United States at war The influences of propaganda at home and abroadThe influences of propaganda at home and abroad Designs for peaceDesigns for peace

► 10.0310.03 The HomefrontThe Homefront Suspension of civil libertiesSuspension of civil liberties Suburbanization Suburbanization Transition to peacetime Transition to peacetime

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

►How are civil liberties challenged How are civil liberties challenged during times of conflict? during times of conflict?

►How has the perception of the US in How has the perception of the US in the world changed as US self-the world changed as US self-perception has changed?perception has changed?

►How has the American view of the How has the American view of the world been shaped by its own size, world been shaped by its own size, location, and natural resource base?location, and natural resource base?

►Why was World War II a major turning Why was World War II a major turning point in American history?point in American history?

Crash Course Crash Course

►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad6rG6U

Aftermath of World War IAftermath of World War I

►Nationalism Grips Nationalism Grips Europe and AsiaEurope and Asia

►2 Failures of the Treaty of Versailles Caused anger and

resentment Democracies that

were created collapsed

Communism Communism

►An economic and An economic and political system political system

►One Party SystemOne Party System

►State ownership State ownership of all property of all property

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism

►Totalitarian: Gov. Totalitarian: Gov. has full control has full control over the people. over the people.

►No rights, no No rights, no oppositionopposition

►Total controlTotal control

FascismFascism►Stressed Stressed

nationalism. nationalism.

►Placed interest of Placed interest of the state over the the state over the individualindividual

►Strength though Strength though unity. unity.

►FascesFasces in Latin in Latin

Nazism Nazism

►German brand of German brand of Fascism Fascism

►Extreme Extreme nationalismnationalism

►Extreme RacismExtreme Racism

►Extreme ExpansionExtreme Expansion

USSRUSSR► Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

► Soviet Union established in Soviet Union established in 19221922

► Wanted to make the Soviet Wanted to make the Soviet Union a great industrial Union a great industrial powerpower

► Responsible for the deaths Responsible for the deaths of 8-13 million of his own of 8-13 million of his own peoplepeople

► Totalitarian-Communist

ItalyItaly► Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

► Powerful speakerPowerful speaker

► Fear of communism Fear of communism

►Marched on Rome in 1922Marched on Rome in 1922

► ““Black Shirts”Black Shirts”

► Totalitarian-Fascist Totalitarian-Fascist

GermanyGermany► Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

► Appointed chancellor in 1933 Appointed chancellor in 1933

► Mein Kampf-My StruggleMein Kampf-My Struggle

► Wanted to bring all German Wanted to bring all German speaking people under one speaking people under one empireempire

► Racial purificationRacial purification

► National expansionNational expansion

► Established the Third Reich Established the Third Reich ► Totalitarian-Nazism Totalitarian-Nazism

Japan and SpainJapan and Spain

► JapanJapan MilitaristsMilitarists Seized control of Seized control of

Manchuria in 1931Manchuria in 1931 Quit the League of Quit the League of

NationsNations

► SpainSpain Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco After the Spanish After the Spanish

Civil War, Franco Civil War, Franco emerged as the emerged as the fascist dictator fascist dictator

America Responds CautiouslyAmerica Responds Cautiously► IsolationismIsolationism►Neutrality Acts

Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war and to nations in civil wars

Austria Austria ► Small nation created Small nation created

after The Paris Peace after The Paris Peace Conference Conference

► Majority of population Majority of population were Germanswere Germans

► March 12March 12thth 1938 Austria 1938 Austria Falls unopposed. Falls unopposed.

► World does nothingWorld does nothing

Czechoslovakia/ SudetenlandCzechoslovakia/ Sudetenland

► In Sudetenland, In Sudetenland, western boarder of western boarder of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

► 3 Million German 3 Million German

speaking people livedspeaking people lived

►More living spaceMore living space

►More ResourcesMore Resources

Protection to Appeasement Protection to Appeasement

► Britain and France to Britain and France to protect Czechoslovakia protect Czechoslovakia

► Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier and Edouard Daladier invited to Munich, invited to Munich, Germany to meet with Germany to meet with HitlerHitler

► Sudetenland “last Sudetenland “last territorial demand”territorial demand”

►Munich Agreement Munich Agreement signed in Sep. 1938 signed in Sep. 1938 by Chamberlain, by Chamberlain, Daladier, and Hitler. Daladier, and Hitler. Gave Sudetenland to Gave Sudetenland to Germany, no shots Germany, no shots fired. fired.

► Appeasement:Appeasement: Giving Giving up principals to pacify up principals to pacify and aggressor. and aggressor.

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill

► Political rival of Neville Political rival of Neville ChamberlainChamberlain

► Believed the Munich Believed the Munich Agreement was Agreement was shamefulshameful

►Hated the idea of Hated the idea of appeasementappeasement

►

► ““Britain and France had Britain and France had to chose between war to chose between war and dishonor. They and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”will have war.”

The German Offensive The German Offensive BeginsBegins

►March 15March 15thth, 1939 rest of , 1939 rest of Czechoslovakia. taken. Czechoslovakia. taken.

► Britain and France both Britain and France both

to supply military aid to to supply military aid to PolandPoland

►Germany wouldn’t dare, Germany wouldn’t dare, could bring Russia, could bring Russia, Britain, and France in. Britain, and France in.

► Two Front War. Two Front War.

Soviet Union Soviet Union ►August 23August 23rdrd 1939 1939

Signing of the Signing of the Nonaggression Nonaggression PactPact: both Russia : both Russia and Germany would and Germany would not attack each not attack each other. other.

►Secret pact to Secret pact to divide Polanddivide Poland

►Two Front War no Two Front War no masmas

►Poland's fate is Poland's fate is sealed sealed

Blitzkrieg in PolandBlitzkrieg in Poland

►September 1September 1stst 19391939

►BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg: : Lightning WarLightning War

►LuftwaffeLuftwaffe – – German Forces German Forces pour into Polandpour into Poland

►Made use of new Made use of new German technologies. German technologies. Faster Tanks and more Faster Tanks and more powerful airplanes powerful airplanes

►Bombing cities, Bombing cities, military bases, military bases, airfields, and railroadsairfields, and railroads

►Chaos in the country. Chaos in the country.

War Declared War Declared

►September 3September 3rdrd 1939 1939

►Britain and France Britain and France declare wardeclare war

►Soviet Union takes Soviet Union takes eastern portion of eastern portion of PolandPoland

The Phony WarThe Phony War

►French and British troops sat on French and British troops sat on Maginot Line:Maginot Line: system of fortifications system of fortifications along eastern Franco-German Boarder.along eastern Franco-German Boarder.

►German Forces sat on German Forces sat on Siegfried LineSiegfried Line: :

►Germans called this the Germans called this the SitzkriegSitzkrieg: : Sitting war.Sitting war.

Soviet Union Soviet Union

►After taking eastern PolandAfter taking eastern Poland

►Stalin takes Baltic States of Estonia, Stalin takes Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania Latvia, and Lithuania

►Also takes Finland by end of 1939Also takes Finland by end of 1939

GermanyGermany

►April 4April 4thth 1940 1940

►Hitler takes Denmark and Norway to Hitler takes Denmark and Norway to “protect those countries freedom and “protect those countries freedom and independence.”independence.”

►By May of 1940 Belgium, The By May of 1940 Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg are over Netherlands, and Luxembourg are over run run

France and Britain Fight OnFrance and Britain Fight On►Maginot Line is ineffectiveMaginot Line is ineffective

►Bypasses through Belgium Bypasses through Belgium

► Into Into ArdennesArdennes: Wooded region in : Wooded region in northeastern Francenortheastern France

►Next stop Paris Next stop Paris

Fall of FranceFall of France

►Germans trap Germans trap 400,000 French, 400,000 French, Belgian, and British Belgian, and British Troops at Dunkirk Troops at Dunkirk

► In 1 week more In 1 week more than 800 vessels than 800 vessels brought 330,000 brought 330,000 troops to Britain. troops to Britain.

► Italy joins in war on Italy joins in war on German sideGerman side

► Invades southern Invades southern FranceFrance

► Fall of FranceFall of France June 22, 1940June 22, 1940 Charles de GaulleCharles de Gaulle

►Set up a government-in-Set up a government-in-exileexile

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

►Germany cant Germany cant compete with compete with British NavyBritish Navy

►Fight by airFight by air

►Use of 2,600 Use of 2,600 Planes Planes

►Every night for Every night for two months two months bombs fell on bombs fell on LondonLondon

►Royal Air Force Royal Air Force use of radar to use of radar to take down planes take down planes

The HolocaustThe Holocaust►HolocaustHolocaust

Systematic murder of Systematic murder of 11 million people, more 11 million people, more than half of them Jewsthan half of them Jews

► The Persecution The Persecution BeginsBegins Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism : hatred : hatred

of jewsof jews Nuremberg Laws 1935:Nuremberg Laws 1935:

► Jews were stripped of Jews were stripped of their rights, property, and their rights, property, and jobsjobs

►Forced to wear a yellow Forced to wear a yellow star for identification star for identification

The Persecution BeginsThe Persecution Begins

► Kristallnacht Kristallnacht November 9-10, 1938November 9-10, 1938 ““Night of the Broken Night of the Broken

Glass”Glass”

► Flood of Jewish Flood of Jewish RefugeesRefugees Many fled the Many fled the

country, but had country, but had trouble finding trouble finding countries that would countries that would accept themaccept them

St. LouisSt. Louis

Hitler’s “Final Solution” Hitler’s “Final Solution”

►Genocide—deliberate Genocide—deliberate and systematic killing and systematic killing of an entire of an entire populationpopulation

►Targeted groups: Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally deficient, mentally ill, physically disabled, incurably ill

Hitler’s “Final Solution”Hitler’s “Final Solution”

►GhettosGhettos Segregated areas in Segregated areas in

certain Polish citiescertain Polish cities

► Concentration Concentration campscamps Labor campsLabor camps

► The Final StageThe Final Stage Mass exterminationsMass exterminations

►Death campsDeath camps

The Condemned The Condemned

►Belief that the Aryan Race was superiorBelief that the Aryan Race was superior

►Need to rid of the undesirables Need to rid of the undesirables

►Special Nazi Death “Security Special Nazi Death “Security Squadrons” (SS)Squadrons” (SS)

Write a reflectionWrite a reflection

► I want you to consider the impact the I want you to consider the impact the Holocaust may have on a population. Holocaust may have on a population. Include some details which you have Include some details which you have learned in this lesson. You may write learned in this lesson. You may write it as a letter, Journal entry, or even it as a letter, Journal entry, or even pose questions. Please be sure to take pose questions. Please be sure to take your time. your time.

Turn to your partnerTurn to your partner

►Why do you think this happened?Why do you think this happened?►What would you do if this were to What would you do if this were to

happen to you and your family?happen to you and your family?►How were these people targeted in How were these people targeted in

what ways?what ways?►Do you think this will ever happen Do you think this will ever happen

again?again?

Inside the Nazi War MachineInside the Nazi War Machine

►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPdRRUvnji4

America Moves Toward WarAmerica Moves Toward War

►Moving away from Moving away from neutralityneutrality Cash and CarryCash and Carry

► Tripartite PactTripartite Pact Germany, Italy and Germany, Italy and

Japan Japan Became known as Became known as

the Axis Powersthe Axis Powers► Roosevelt runs for a Roosevelt runs for a

third term and wins third term and wins with 55% of the votewith 55% of the vote

America Moves Toward WarAmerica Moves Toward War

► Lend-Lease PlanLend-Lease Plan The president would The president would

lend or lease arms to lend or lease arms to “any country whose “any country whose defense was vital the defense was vital the United States”United States”

Both Great Britain Both Great Britain and Russia benefitand Russia benefit

►German Wolf PacksGerman Wolf Packs German submarinesGerman submarines US had permission to US had permission to

attack them in self attack them in self defensedefense

German U-Boat being attacked by Allied Aircraft.

FDR Plans for WarFDR Plans for War

► The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Joint declaration of Joint declaration of

war aimswar aims►Collective security, Collective security,

disarmament, self-disarmament, self-determination, determination, economic cooperation, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas and freedom of the seas

► Shoot on SightShoot on Sight FDR ordered that FDR ordered that

German submarines German submarines be shot on sight after be shot on sight after a US destroyer was a US destroyer was fired onfired on

Other US ships were Other US ships were attacked as wellattacked as well

Japan Attacks the United Japan Attacks the United StatesStates

► Japan’s expansion Japan’s expansion Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo Expansion into China Expansion into China Need for oilNeed for oil

► Pearl HarborPearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 Hour and a half air raidHour and a half air raid 2,403 Americans killed2,403 Americans killed 1,178 wounded1,178 wounded 21 ships sunk or 21 ships sunk or

damaged damaged

Reaction to Pearl HarborReaction to Pearl Harbor► Roosevelt’s Address Roosevelt’s Address

to Congressto Congress Asked for a Asked for a

declaration of war declaration of war against Japanagainst Japan

ApprovedApproved End to isolationism End to isolationism Germany and Italy Germany and Italy

declared war on the declared war on the US three days laterUS three days later

The United States in The United States in World War IIWorld War II

Chapter 25Chapter 25

Mobilizing for DefenseMobilizing for Defense► Selective ServiceSelective Service

5 million volunteered 10 million were drafted

►Expanding the Military George Marshall—Army

Chief of Staff General Women’s Auxiliary

Army corps (WAAC)►Women would serve in

noncombat positions►Nurses, ambulance

drivers, radio operators, electricians, pilots

A Production MiracleA Production Miracle► Industrial ResponseIndustrial Response

Many domestic industries (cars, pencils, etc.) switched to war production

► Labor’s ContributionLabor’s Contribution Women and minority

workers filled the war industry jobs

Were paid less A. Philip Randoph

►Led the way to equitable opportunity in industry

A Production MiracleA Production Miracle►Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

Office of Scientific Office of Scientific Research and Research and Development (OSRD)Development (OSRD)

Atomic bombAtomic bomb Albert Einstein Albert Einstein

Federal Government Takes Federal Government Takes ControlControl

► Office of Price Office of Price Administration (OPA)Administration (OPA) Froze prices on most Froze prices on most

goods goods Fighting inflationFighting inflation

► War Production Board (WPB) Peacetime to wartime

companies Scrap material, raw

materials

► Rationing Fixed allotments of

goods deemed essential for the military

The War for Europe and North The War for Europe and North AfricaAfrica

► The US and Britain The US and Britain join forcesjoin forces War Plans

►Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss their plans—the US would attack Hitler first

The Battle of the Atlantic►German wolf packs►Convoy system, sonar

The Eastern Front and the The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean Mediterranean

► StalingradStalingrad The Germans are

finally defeated Turning point in the

war Soviet death toll:

1,100,000 soldiers► North AfricaNorth Africa

Operation Torch General Dwight D.

Eisenhower Allies are victorious

►Ernie Pyle—war correspondent

The Eastern Front and the The Eastern Front and the MediterraneanMediterranean

► The Italian The Italian Campaign Campaign Sicily falls Moussilini is forced

to resign Italy does not fall

until 1945

HeroesHeroes

►Tuskegee Airmen ►Buffaloes►Nisei

The Allies Liberate EuropeThe Allies Liberate Europe►D-DayD-Day

EisenhowerEisenhower NormandyNormandy June 6, 1944June 6, 1944 Largest land-sea-air

operation in army history

Omaha BeachOmaha Beach

D-DayD-Day►Omar BradleyOmar Bradley

Led air and land bombardment at St. Lo

Allowed George Patton and his Third Army to advance

► Liberated Paris By September 1944,

the Allies had freed France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

The Allies Liberate EuropeThe Allies Liberate Europe

► Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge German troops

advanced to create a bulge in the Allied lines

Germans are pushed back

► Liberation of the Death Camps Horrors of the death

camps

Unconditional Surrender Unconditional Surrender

►Hitler and his wife Hitler and his wife commit suicide commit suicide

►V-E Day May 8, 1945 Victory in Europe

Day

►Roosevelt’s Death Died April 12, 1945 Harry S. Truman

becomes President

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

►Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur►Doolittle’s RaidDoolittle’s Raid

Raid on TokyoRaid on Tokyo

► Coral SeaCoral Sea Americans and

Australians Japanese were

turned back

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

► Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway Strategic island Strategic island

northwest of Hawaiinorthwest of Hawaii Allies stopped the Allies stopped the

Japanese Japanese Chester Nimitz—Chester Nimitz—

commander of commander of American naval American naval forces in the Pacific forces in the Pacific

Turning point in the Turning point in the Pacific War Pacific War

““Island Hopping”Island Hopping”

The Allies Go On the The Allies Go On the OffensiveOffensive

► Japanese DefenseJapanese Defense Kamikaze—suicide Kamikaze—suicide

planeplane

► Iwo Jima Could act as a base

for bombers to reach Japan

Heavily defended 6,000 marines died

The Allies Go On the The Allies Go On the Offensive Offensive

► Battle for Okinawa Battle for Okinawa Allies invaded in Allies invaded in

April 1945April 1945 7,600 Americans 7,600 Americans

dieddied 110,000 Japanese 110,000 Japanese

died died

The Atomic Bomb Ends the The Atomic Bomb Ends the WarWar

►Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project Led by J. Robert Led by J. Robert

Oppenheimer Oppenheimer Very secretive Very secretive Hiroshima—military Hiroshima—military

centercenter►Bomb dropped on Bomb dropped on

August 6, 1945August 6, 1945

NagasakiNagasaki

Cloud after the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.

Nagasaki after the second bomb was dropped.

Rebuilding BeginsRebuilding Begins

► Yalta Conference Yalta Conference February 1945February 1945

►Roosevelt, Churchill, Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta Stalin met in Yalta

►Big Three Big Three Division of Germany Division of Germany

into four zonesinto four zones Stalin would join the Stalin would join the

war in Japanwar in Japan►Nuremberg Trials

24 surviving Nazi leaders put on trial

12 were sentenced to death

Rebuilding BeginsRebuilding Begins

►Occupation of JapanOccupation of Japan Occupied by the US Occupied by the US

under General under General Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur

War trials—Prime War trials—Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Minister Hideki Tojo executedexecuted

Seven year Seven year occupationoccupation►Reshaped their Reshaped their

economy economy ►New constitution New constitution

The Home FrontThe Home Front►Opportunity and Opportunity and

AdjustmentAdjustment Economic GainsEconomic Gains

►Unemployment fell Unemployment fell ►Wages roseWages rose►Women in the work Women in the work

force force

Population ShiftsPopulation Shifts Social adjustments Social adjustments

►GI Bill of Rights GI Bill of Rights Provided for Provided for

education and education and training for veteranstraining for veterans

Provided loan Provided loan guarantees—homes guarantees—homes or businesses or businesses

FDR signs the GI Bill of Rights.

Discrimination and ReactionDiscrimination and Reaction► Civil Rights ProtestsCivil Rights Protests

James FarmerJames Farmer►Founded the Congress Founded the Congress

of Racial Equality of Racial Equality (CORE)(CORE)

Zoot-Suit Riots Zoot-Suit Riots

Internment of Japanese Internment of Japanese AmericansAmericans

► Internment Internment Confinement Confinement Korematsu v. United Korematsu v. United

States States ►Military necessity Military necessity

Japanese American Japanese American Citizens League Citizens League (JACL)(JACL)