World War II World War II Prelude to Global WarPrelude to Global War

World War IIWorld War II

Although times Although times were hard in the were hard in the United States United States throughout the throughout the Great Depression Great Depression they were worse in they were worse in other countries.other countries.

DictatorsDictators

Dictators rose to power throughout EuropeDictators rose to power throughout Europe TotalitarianTotalitarian- a form of government that - a form of government that

controls every aspect of its citizens lives controls every aspect of its citizens lives Example: Soviet Union, Germany, ItalyExample: Soviet Union, Germany, Italy FascismFascism- Philosophy which places - Philosophy which places

importance of the nation above the value of importance of the nation above the value of the individualthe individual

Example: Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy)Example: Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy)*Fascism allows private business unlike *Fascism allows private business unlike

communism but individual rights and communism but individual rights and freedoms are lost freedoms are lost

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Rose to power in Italy Rose to power in Italy after WWI and called after WWI and called himself Il Duce “the himself Il Duce “the leader”.leader”.

Organized a fascist Organized a fascist group throughout Italygroup throughout Italy

Threatened to march Threatened to march into Rome and the into Rome and the king appointed him king appointed him Prime Minister out of Prime Minister out of fear.fear.

Mussolini continued…Mussolini continued…

Mussolini outlawed Mussolini outlawed elections and political elections and political parties while parties while establishing a establishing a dictatorship.dictatorship.

Mussolini proclaimed Mussolini proclaimed the fascist slogan “The the fascist slogan “The country is nothing country is nothing without conquest.”without conquest.”

1935- Mussolini 1935- Mussolini invaded Ethiopiainvaded Ethiopia

1936- East African 1936- East African Nation was in Italian Nation was in Italian handshands

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Leader of the Nazi party Leader of the Nazi party Germany.Germany.

A charismatic powerful public A charismatic powerful public speakerspeaker

1923- tried to overthrow 1923- tried to overthrow German government and went German government and went to jail for five yearsto jail for five years

Wrote autobiography called Wrote autobiography called “Mien Kampf” while in jail “Mien Kampf” while in jail about his plans for Germanyabout his plans for Germany

he believed in a purifying race he believed in a purifying race “Aryan race” (blond hair blue “Aryan race” (blond hair blue eyes).eyes).

Europe Goes to WarEurope Goes to War

German troops moved into German troops moved into RhinelandRhineland (West (West Germany) which violated the treaty of Germany) which violated the treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Hitler got away with it which made him more Hitler got away with it which made him more eager to expandeager to expand

Hitler signed an alliance with Mussolini and Hitler signed an alliance with Mussolini and created “Axis” power between Rome and created “Axis” power between Rome and Berlin.Berlin.

Japan later joined the Axis power with Japan later joined the Axis power with Germany and ItlayGermany and Itlay

German Empire ExpandingGerman Empire Expanding

1938- Hitler annexed Austria (Britain and 1938- Hitler annexed Austria (Britain and France Protested)France Protested)

Britain and France Britain and France appeasedappeased (giving into (giving into someone's demands) with Germany b/c someone's demands) with Germany b/c they were not ready for war and thought they were not ready for war and thought he might finally be satisfied with land.he might finally be satisfied with land.

Britain and France chose dishonor over Britain and France chose dishonor over war which in turn became a warwar which in turn became a war

1939- Hitler invaded Poland and the WAR 1939- Hitler invaded Poland and the WAR BEGANBEGAN

German’s ExpansionGerman’s Expansion

Invasion of Poland took one month Invasion of Poland took one month (West Poland)(West Poland)

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg- “lightening War” tactic. - “lightening War” tactic. Tanks, artillery, and soldiers (moving Tanks, artillery, and soldiers (moving by foot) struck deep into enemy by foot) struck deep into enemy territory before they had time to territory before they had time to reactreact

SitzkriegSitzkrieg- “sit-down war” quiet time - “sit-down war” quiet time for seven months after Poland Fellfor seven months after Poland Fell

German continues to German continues to expand…expand…

Germany launched an attack on Denmark Germany launched an attack on Denmark and Norway, then proceeded into France and Norway, then proceeded into France and France surrendered on June 14, 1940.and France surrendered on June 14, 1940.

Great Britain stood alone in the Allies of Great Britain stood alone in the Allies of the countries.the countries.

Germany launched an air assault on Great Germany launched an air assault on Great Britain (largest the world had ever seen). Britain (largest the world had ever seen). This became known as the battle of Britain This became known as the battle of Britain and by 1941 German raids ended with a and by 1941 German raids ended with a loss for Germanyloss for Germany

London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral survived the German Bombing survived the German Bombing

in 1940-1941in 1940-1941

Ruins after the Ruins after the German attack in German attack in London.London.

Winston Churchill, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Prime Minister of

London, and his wifeLondon, and his wife

Dark Green: Allies before the attack on Pearl Harbor Light Green: Allied countries that entered the war after the

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Orange: Axis Powers

Japanese ExpansionJapanese Expansion

Japan along with Germany and Italy was not Japan along with Germany and Italy was not happy with their situation in Asia. Japan too happy with their situation in Asia. Japan too was going through a Great Depression.was going through a Great Depression.

1931 Japan seized Manchuria (region in 1931 Japan seized Manchuria (region in china)china)

Japan soon controlled most of eastern ChinaJapan soon controlled most of eastern China By 1941 Japan was ready to challenge By 1941 Japan was ready to challenge

Europeans and Americans for supremacy in Europeans and Americans for supremacy in Asia Asia

American Involvement American Involvement Grows…Grows…

American’s build up naval fleets from San American’s build up naval fleets from San Diego to Pearl HarborDiego to Pearl Harbor

Americans remain neutral and declared the Americans remain neutral and declared the Neutrality actsNeutrality acts. These included the US would . These included the US would withhold weapons and loans from all nations withhold weapons and loans from all nations and required “cash and carry policy,” (goods and required “cash and carry policy,” (goods sold to nations at war would be paid for in sold to nations at war would be paid for in cash and transported by the purchaser.cash and transported by the purchaser.

Lend-Lease Act- FDR passed to aid any Lend-Lease Act- FDR passed to aid any nation whose defense was vital to American nation whose defense was vital to American securitysecurity

Attack on Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl Harbor

US cut off all US cut off all trade with Japan trade with Japan but still hoped but still hoped for peacefor peace

December 7, December 7, 1941 Japan 1941 Japan attacked Pearl attacked Pearl harbor “a day harbor “a day which will live in which will live in infamy”infamy”

FDR’s entering into warFDR’s entering into war

FDR asked FDR asked congress to congress to declare war the declare war the next day. next day.

Three days later Three days later Germany and Italy Germany and Italy declared war on declared war on the United Statesthe United States

World War II World War II The Road to Victory in EuropeThe Road to Victory in Europe

Section 2Section 2

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Americans Prepare for War!Americans Prepare for War!

Churchill and FDR allied and wrote an Churchill and FDR allied and wrote an agreement of goals called the agreement of goals called the Atlantic Atlantic CharterCharter. They pledged “a peace that . They pledged “a peace that will afford all nations the means of will afford all nations the means of dwelling in safety inside their own dwelling in safety inside their own boundaries.”boundaries.”

GI’sGI’s- “government issued” clothes, - “government issued” clothes, shoes, weapons provided by the shoes, weapons provided by the military. Soldiers are GI’s!military. Soldiers are GI’s!

Diversity in American Diversity in American Troops!Troops!

Mexican Americans- 300,000Mexican Americans- 300,000 Native Americans-25,000 Native Americans-25,000

(Navajo code talkers)(Navajo code talkers) Japanese Americans (not Japanese Americans (not

accepted until 1943 after accepted until 1943 after released from internment released from internment camps in the United States)camps in the United States)

African Americans- 1 million African Americans- 1 million joined the armyjoined the army

Women-350,000 joined in all Women-350,000 joined in all areas except combat. WASP areas except combat. WASP (women air force service (women air force service pilot) and WAVES (women pilot) and WAVES (women accepted for volunteer accepted for volunteer emergency service)emergency service)

Fighting in North Africa and Fighting in North Africa and ItalyItaly

The battle of the Atlantic-The battle of the Atlantic- German German Submarines attacking Great Britain in the Submarines attacking Great Britain in the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic Ocean. SonarSonar (underwater sound (underwater sound equipment) was used to attack and locate equipment) was used to attack and locate enemy submarines.enemy submarines.

US had US had convoysconvoys so Great Britain receive food so Great Britain receive food and supplies.and supplies.

Germans used Germans used Wolf PacksWolf Packs (30+ submarines) (30+ submarines) to attack their enemy. German submarines to attack their enemy. German submarines were successful sinking 175 ships in 1942!were successful sinking 175 ships in 1942!

The fight goes on…The fight goes on…

General Eisenhower (United General Eisenhower (United States) helped general States) helped general Montgomery (Britain) defeat Montgomery (Britain) defeat Germany in Northern Africa Germany in Northern Africa (Egypt) in the important (Egypt) in the important battle El Alameinbattle El Alamein

General Patton attacked General Patton attacked Sicily, Italy and Mussolini was Sicily, Italy and Mussolini was over thrown. German troops over thrown. German troops remained in Italy to defend remained in Italy to defend the land and for four months the land and for four months fighting continued and over fighting continued and over 72,000 Americans died. 72,000 Americans died.

Battle of Anizo was won by Battle of Anizo was won by US and Rome was captured.US and Rome was captured.

War in the Soviet UnionWar in the Soviet Union

Hitler wanted to Expand into the USSR 1941-42 and Hitler wanted to Expand into the USSR 1941-42 and 3.6 million German soldiers enter USSR through the 3.6 million German soldiers enter USSR through the Baltic and Black seaBaltic and Black sea

Battle of Stalingrad-Battle of Stalingrad- turning point in the War turning point in the War when USSR defeated German armywhen USSR defeated German army

General George MarshallGeneral George Marshall pushed the president to pushed the president to prepare for war and called for the invasion of prepare for war and called for the invasion of western Europe. When the war ended he resigned western Europe. When the war ended he resigned and soon after became secretary of state and and soon after became secretary of state and created the Marshall plan! created the Marshall plan!

Carpet Bombing-Carpet Bombing- technique used by Britain in technique used by Britain in which they dropped large numbers of bombs over a which they dropped large numbers of bombs over a wide area and German cities suffered heavy wide area and German cities suffered heavy damages!damages!

D-DAYD-DAY

June 6June 6thth, 1944-largest landing by sea in history D-, 1944-largest landing by sea in history D-DAY (code name for the day the invasion began)!!!!!DAY (code name for the day the invasion began)!!!!!

4,600 warships and invasion crafts slipped out of 4,600 warships and invasion crafts slipped out of the harbor in England and pounded the German the harbor in England and pounded the German defenses at Normandy (region in France)! 1,000 defenses at Normandy (region in France)! 1,000 RAF bombers also attacked German defenses. RAF bombers also attacked German defenses. Normandy was not an ideal place to attack so it Normandy was not an ideal place to attack so it caught the German troops off guard.caught the German troops off guard.

23,000 airborne British and American soldiers were 23,000 airborne British and American soldiers were dropped behind enemy lines in the night.dropped behind enemy lines in the night.

Five beaches were attacked (UTAH, OMAHA, GOLD, Five beaches were attacked (UTAH, OMAHA, GOLD, JUNO, SWORD)JUNO, SWORD)

Clenching the VictoryClenching the Victory

Fighting followed as US, British, and Canadian Fighting followed as US, British, and Canadian troops pushed through France and liberated Paristroops pushed through France and liberated Paris

US and Canadian troops then freed Brussels and US and Canadian troops then freed Brussels and Antwerp and Holland Antwerp and Holland

Germany launched a counter attack in Germany launched a counter attack in Luxembourg and Belgium called the Luxembourg and Belgium called the BATTLE of BATTLE of the BULGEthe BULGE

US troops were not looking that good until US troops were not looking that good until General Patton moved 250,000 soldiers from General Patton moved 250,000 soldiers from western France to help stop the German advancewestern France to help stop the German advance

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge was the was the largestlargest battle battle fought during WWII. 600,000 GI’s involved and fought during WWII. 600,000 GI’s involved and 80,000 were killed, wounded or captured! 80,000 were killed, wounded or captured!

War Ends in Europe!War Ends in Europe!

Yalta Conference- Plan for post war world Yalta Conference- Plan for post war world between Churchill, Stalin, and FDR! Met in between Churchill, Stalin, and FDR! Met in February although war was not yet complete!February although war was not yet complete!

Soviet troops attacked Berlin and Hitler Soviet troops attacked Berlin and Hitler refused to flee and then committed suicide refused to flee and then committed suicide on May 1on May 1stst 1945. 1945.

Then Germany surrendered May 8Then Germany surrendered May 8thth 1945! 1945! 27,000,000 Soviets died throughout the War! 27,000,000 Soviets died throughout the War!

Americans celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Americans celebrated V-E Day (Victory in

Europe! But Japan was not yet defeated!Europe! But Japan was not yet defeated!

World War II World War II The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

Section 3Section 3

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

There was also fighting There was also fighting in the Pacific along in the Pacific along with with EuropeEurope..

Bataan Death March-Bataan Death March- Brutal death march of Brutal death march of AmericanAmerican and Filipino and Filipino prisoners by Japanese prisoners by Japanese soldierssoldiers

Battle of the Coral Sea-Battle of the Coral Sea- Battle between Battle between Japanese and American Japanese and American Aircraft Aircraft (1(1stst ever to be ever to be completely carried out completely carried out in air)in air)

Battles in the Pacific between Battles in the Pacific between US and JapanUS and Japan

Battle of Midway-Battle of Midway- TURNING TURNING POINT in the war also fought POINT in the war also fought entirely in the entirely in the airair and US and US destroyed Japanese offenese!destroyed Japanese offenese!

Battle of Guadalcanal-Battle of Guadalcanal- US US now in control and forced now in control and forced Japanese into the Japanese into the JungleJungle

KamikazeKamikaze- Japanese - Japanese suicide suicide planes used in the battle of planes used in the battle of Leyte GulfaLeyte Gulfa

Battle of Iwo Jima-Battle of Iwo Jima- Bloodiest Bloodiest battle for volcanic island, battle for volcanic island, bombs and shells used to bombs and shells used to destroy the islanddestroy the island

Battle of Okinawa-Battle of Okinawa- last last obstacle to an allied invasion obstacle to an allied invasion into their homelandinto their homeland

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

Secret American Secret American program to develop an program to develop an atomic bombatomic bomb

Albert Einstein (Jewish Albert Einstein (Jewish Physicist)-refuge from Physicist)-refuge from Germany and the Nazi Germany and the Nazi party, wrote party, wrote FDRFDR a a letter to suggest a letter to suggest a new bomb that could new bomb that could be built!be built!

Tested bomb in Tested bomb in New New MexicoMexico desert! desert!

Decision to Drop the Bomb!Decision to Drop the Bomb!

Unanimous decision with an advisory group Unanimous decision with an advisory group of scientist, military leaders, and government of scientist, military leaders, and government officials called the officials called the Interim CommitteeInterim Committee. .

August 6August 6th,th, 1945 bomb dropped on Hiroshima, 1945 bomb dropped on Hiroshima, a army base (140,000 deaths)a army base (140,000 deaths)

August 9August 9th,th, 1945 a second bomb dropped on 1945 a second bomb dropped on Nagasaki, which produced similar numbersNagasaki, which produced similar numbers

August 14August 14thth Japan surrenders to US troops Japan surrenders to US troops

World War II World War II The HolocaustThe Holocaust

Section 4Section 4

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Hitler’s HolocaustHitler’s Holocaust

HolocaustHolocaust- Nazi Germany’s Systematic - Nazi Germany’s Systematic murder murder of European Jews!of European Jews!

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism- hostility toward - hostility toward JewsJews 1930’s Nazi party tells people to stop 1930’s Nazi party tells people to stop

patronizing Jewish businesspatronizing Jewish business Nuremburg laws-Nuremburg laws- stripped Jews of stripped Jews of

citizenship citizenship and forbidden marriage and forbidden marriage between Jews and non-Jewsbetween Jews and non-Jews

Jews were given middle names “Sarah” Jews were given middle names “Sarah” and Israel as well as identity cards with “j” and Israel as well as identity cards with “j” on themon them

Nazi’s Take ActionNazi’s Take Action

SS (Secret State SS (Secret State PolicePolice) or Gestapo ) or Gestapo was formed and was formed and Concentration Camps Concentration Camps (places for (places for prisonersprisoners of war).of war).

Nazi’s placed the Nazi’s placed the “undesirable” in these “undesirable” in these camps as well!camps as well!

Kristallnacht- (night of Kristallnacht- (night of the the broken glassbroken glass) ) Organized attacks on Organized attacks on JewsJews

Murder to GenocideMurder to Genocide

Einsatzgruppen- mobile Einsatzgruppen- mobile killing units (not killing units (not deemed good enough by deemed good enough by Hitler)Hitler)

Wannsee Conference- Wannsee Conference- plan for the “final plan for the “final solution to the Jewish solution to the Jewish question!”question!”

Death Camps-Death Camps-extermination centers extermination centers for Jews.for Jews.

Auschiwitz concentration Auschiwitz concentration camp- #1 death camp camp- #1 death camp murdering 1.5 million pplmurdering 1.5 million ppl

American InvolvementAmerican Involvement

1944 FDR created 1944 FDR created War Refugee War Refugee Board-Board- to help to help people threatened people threatened with murder by the with murder by the Nazis. (somewhat Nazis. (somewhat successful but successful but more needed to be more needed to be done!)done!)