world war ii pearl harbor

World War IIWorld War II

Pearl Harbor & Home Pearl Harbor & Home FrontFront

World War II- Pearl HarborWorld War II- Pearl Harbor

► After Germany defeated France in After Germany defeated France in 1940, Japan took over French 1940, Japan took over French colonies in Southeast Asia. Japan colonies in Southeast Asia. Japan also took over most of China. also took over most of China. ► Japan signed an alliance with Japan signed an alliance with Germany and ItalyGermany and Italy► The U.S. tried to stop the The U.S. tried to stop the Japanese aggression by refusing to Japanese aggression by refusing to sell oil and scrap metal to them.sell oil and scrap metal to them.


► In 1941, Japan asked the U.S. to In 1941, Japan asked the U.S. to lift its trade embargo.lift its trade embargo.► The U.S. called Japan to withdraw The U.S. called Japan to withdraw its armies from China and the its armies from China and the Southeast Asian colonies. Southeast Asian colonies. ► Neither side would compromise.Neither side would compromise.► After the talks, Japan completed a After the talks, Japan completed a plan on a secret attack.plan on a secret attack.

World War II- Pearl HarborWorld War II- Pearl Harbor► On Sunday morning, On Sunday morning,

December 7, 1941, December 7, 1941, the American Pacific the American Pacific fleet was peacefully fleet was peacefully anchored at Pearl anchored at Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

► Suddenly, Japanese Suddenly, Japanese planes swept planes swept through the sky.through the sky.

► In less than 2 hours, In less than 2 hours, they sunk or they sunk or damaged 19 damaged 19 American ships.American ships.

World War II- Pearl HarborWorld War II- Pearl Harbor► Japanese destroyed Japanese destroyed almost 200 American almost 200 American planes and killed planes and killed 2400 people.2400 people.► This was quite a This was quite a gamble for the gamble for the Japanese because Japanese because they knew they didn’t they knew they didn’t stand a chance in a stand a chance in a long war with the long war with the United StatesUnited States


► The next day, President Franklin The next day, President Franklin Roosevelt announced, “Yesterday, Roosevelt announced, “Yesterday, December 7, 1941- a date which December 7, 1941- a date which will live in infamy. . .”will live in infamy. . .”► Congress declared war on Japan.Congress declared war on Japan.► In response, Germany and Italy In response, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States declared war on the United States

World War IIWorld War IIThe Home FrontThe Home Front

World War II-The Home World War II-The Home FrontFront

► As production of war materials grew, As production of war materials grew, consumer goods became scarce. consumer goods became scarce. ► Government put limits on how much Government put limits on how much you could buy which is also known as you could buy which is also known as rationing.rationing.► People were given ration coupons to People were given ration coupons to buy sugar, coffee, meat, gasoline and buy sugar, coffee, meat, gasoline and other goods. Once your coupons were other goods. Once your coupons were out, you could not buy any more.out, you could not buy any more.


► To combat food shortages, many Americans To combat food shortages, many Americans planted “Victory Gardens.” planted “Victory Gardens.”

► At the height of the war, more than 20 At the height of the war, more than 20 million victory gardens produced 40% of all million victory gardens produced 40% of all vegetables grown in the countryvegetables grown in the country

► To pay for the war, government raised To pay for the war, government raised taxes. It also borrowed money from millions taxes. It also borrowed money from millions of American citizens by selling war bonds. of American citizens by selling war bonds. Movie stars helped.Movie stars helped.


► The war ended the The war ended the great depression because great depression because many jobs opened up in many jobs opened up in factories. factories. ► Minority workers found Minority workers found jobs where they had been jobs where they had been rejected in the past.rejected in the past.

► Women gained jobs. Women gained jobs. Almost 5 million women Almost 5 million women entered the work force.entered the work force.► “ “If you can drive a car If you can drive a car you can run a machine”you can run a machine”


► Many women worked in Many women worked in offices while others offices while others welded, ran huge cranes welded, ran huge cranes and others drove busses and others drove busses and became police officers. and became police officers.

► Rosie the Riveter, a Rosie the Riveter, a fictional factory worker fictional factory worker became a symbol of became a symbol of American women’s American women’s contribution to the war contribution to the war efforteffort


► The war brought suffering to many The war brought suffering to many Japanese Americans. Japanese Americans. ► Most lived in the west coast or in Most lived in the west coast or in Hawaii. Hawaii. ► After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many people on the west coast questioned the people on the west coast questioned the loyalty of Japanese Americans. They loyalty of Japanese Americans. They were thought to be spies and help Japan were thought to be spies and help Japan invade the United States. No evidence invade the United States. No evidence of disloyalty existed.of disloyalty existed.


► Yet, President Roosevelt signed an Yet, President Roosevelt signed an order allowing the army to move order allowing the army to move Japanese Americans from their homes to Japanese Americans from their homes to “relocation camps”“relocation camps”► Many of the Japanese Americans were Many of the Japanese Americans were born in the United States.born in the United States.► About 110,000 Japanese Americans About 110,000 Japanese Americans were forced to sell their homes, farms or were forced to sell their homes, farms or businesses at great loss. businesses at great loss.


► Despite unfair treatment, thousands of Japanese Despite unfair treatment, thousands of Japanese American men served in the armed forces. American men served in the armed forces. ► Most were put in segregated units and sent to Most were put in segregated units and sent to fight in Europe. Many won awards for bravery.fight in Europe. Many won awards for bravery.

► Years later, in 1988, Congress apologized to Years later, in 1988, Congress apologized to Japanese Americans and approved a Japanese Americans and approved a compensation, repayment for their losses in the compensation, repayment for their losses in the amount of $20,000 to every survivor of the camps.amount of $20,000 to every survivor of the camps.

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