world war ii and the holocaust what led up to it and what actually occurred

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World War II and World War II and the Holocaust the Holocaust What led up to it What led up to it and what actually and what actually occurred occurred

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World War II and World War II and the Holocaustthe Holocaust

What led up to itWhat led up to it

and what actually occurredand what actually occurred

The Aftermath of WWI: 1918The Aftermath of WWI: 1918

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles: As the : As the big loser in WWI, Germany had to big loser in WWI, Germany had to pay many consequences.pay many consequences.

ReparationsReparations: the payments : the payments Germany had to make for the loss Germany had to make for the loss and damage it had caused other and damage it had caused other countries– this plunged Germany into countries– this plunged Germany into economic ruin.economic ruin.

The Aftermath of WWI:The Aftermath of WWI:1918 and on1918 and on

National Socialist German National Socialist German Workers PartyWorkers Party: the Nazi Party, : the Nazi Party, slowly came to power as a result of slowly came to power as a result of Germany’s economic ruin.Germany’s economic ruin.

The Aftermath of WWI:The Aftermath of WWI:1918 and on1918 and on

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler: leader of the Nazi Party. : leader of the Nazi Party. He claimed Germans were a superior He claimed Germans were a superior race and they should raise Germany race and they should raise Germany out of economic ruin by remembering out of economic ruin by remembering their great heritage. He also blamed their great heritage. He also blamed the Jews for the misfortune of the the Jews for the misfortune of the German people.German people.

The Aftermath of WWI:The Aftermath of WWI:1918 and on1918 and on

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism: the prejudice and : the prejudice and hostility towards Jews as a racial, hostility towards Jews as a racial, religious, or ethnic group. religious, or ethnic group.

This prejudice had existed in Europe This prejudice had existed in Europe for hundreds of years. Hitler played for hundreds of years. Hitler played on this prejudice to help further his on this prejudice to help further his causes.causes.

19331933

The Nazis became the strongest power The Nazis became the strongest power in Germany and started changing the in Germany and started changing the laws.laws.

They eliminated democracy and They eliminated democracy and established a dictatorship under Hitler.established a dictatorship under Hitler.

A A dictatorshipdictatorship is when one man rules is when one man rules with whatever means he has.with whatever means he has.

1933 continued1933 continued Boycotts of Jewish businesses began Boycotts of Jewish businesses began

this year.this year. Hitler locked up and tortured political Hitler locked up and tortured political

opponents, and he spread opponents, and he spread propaganda about the benefits the propaganda about the benefits the Nazi party was bringing to Germany.Nazi party was bringing to Germany.

Propaganda is the deliberate method Propaganda is the deliberate method of trying to influence the beliefs and of trying to influence the beliefs and behaviors or large numbers of people behaviors or large numbers of people through speeches, pictures, political through speeches, pictures, political cartoons, and other means.cartoons, and other means.

Examples of propaganda Examples of propaganda against the Jewsagainst the Jews

1934-19371934-1937

By 1934, Hitler had absolute control By 1934, Hitler had absolute control of Germany.of Germany.

He began changing Germany’s laws He began changing Germany’s laws to make Jews second-class citizens. to make Jews second-class citizens. They could not own land or enter They could not own land or enter most professions. This forced many most professions. This forced many to leave their important positions in to leave their important positions in areas such as schools, banks, and areas such as schools, banks, and politics.politics.

1934-1937 continued1934-1937 continued By 1935, Hitler’s laws, called By 1935, Hitler’s laws, called the the

Nuremburg lawsNuremburg laws, formally removed Jews , formally removed Jews from high-ranking positions and prevented from high-ranking positions and prevented marriage between Jews and Christian marriage between Jews and Christian Germans.Germans.

Hitler’s law enforcement included:Hitler’s law enforcement included:– The The GestapoGestapo: plain clothed police that : plain clothed police that

had absolute powerhad absolute power– The The SS SS (Special Defense for Hitler) – the (Special Defense for Hitler) – the

Nazi police (Darth Vadar suit)Nazi police (Darth Vadar suit)

19381938

Jews had to start wearing a yellow Jews had to start wearing a yellow badge on their clothing: a six-pointed badge on their clothing: a six-pointed star, otherwise known as star, otherwise known as the Star of the Star of DavidDavid..

Germans started rounding up Jews and Germans started rounding up Jews and placing them in ghettos.placing them in ghettos.

GhettosGhettos were characterized by the lack were characterized by the lack of basic necessities and great number of basic necessities and great number of people living in a small space. of people living in a small space. Disease and starvation were rampant.Disease and starvation were rampant.

Pictures of Jewish GhettosPictures of Jewish Ghettos

A German policeman checks the identification papers of Jews in the Krakow ghetto.

A typical room in a ghetto.

The Lvov ghetto, shown herein the spring of 1942, was established in late 1941 with 106,000 people.

1938 continued: 1938 continued: Kristallnacht(Night of Broken Glass)

Nov. 9. 1938- Nov. 10, 1938 In retaliation for the poor treatment his Jewish family received at

the hands of the Nazis, a 17-year old boy in Paris shot and killed a member of the German Embassy staff.

In return: -7500 Jewish businesses are destroyed-101 synagogues are ruined-100 Jews are killed-Thousands are sent to firstcamps

19391939

Germany invades Poland despite Germany invades Poland despite warnings from the League of Nations warnings from the League of Nations and Britain.and Britain.

Britain and France (Britain and France (the Alliesthe Allies) ) declare war on Germany.declare war on Germany.

Japan, the Soviet Union, and Italy Japan, the Soviet Union, and Italy enter the war on the side of Germany. enter the war on the side of Germany. They became known as the They became known as the AxisAxis powers.powers.

During the war:During the war:1941-19431941-1943

The United States enters the war.The United States enters the war. Germany attacks the Soviet Union Germany attacks the Soviet Union

(although on the same side) and (although on the same side) and initiates the Final Solution.initiates the Final Solution.

The Final SolutionThe Final Solution is the Nazis’ is the Nazis’ plan to destroy all of the Jewish plan to destroy all of the Jewish people in Europe.people in Europe.

During the war:During the war:1941-1943 continued1941-1943 continued

Some of these concentration camps, Some of these concentration camps, such as such as AuschwitzAuschwitz, were death , were death camps. The prisoners there were camps. The prisoners there were forced to go through selections to forced to go through selections to determine who would be killed in the determine who would be killed in the gas chambersgas chambers..

During the war:During the war:1941-1943 continued1941-1943 continued

Sometimes these selections were Sometimes these selections were random, but they often depended on random, but they often depended on whether the prisoner was strong and fit whether the prisoner was strong and fit to work, despite the lack of food and to work, despite the lack of food and medical care.medical care.

The dead bodies were incinerated in the The dead bodies were incinerated in the crematoriumscrematoriums, or furnaces., or furnaces.

The term The term Holocaust Holocaust meansmeans burnt burnt whole, or complete destruction. whole, or complete destruction.

During the war – continuedDuring the war – continued

Dr. MengeleDr. Mengele: a Nazi war doctor that : a Nazi war doctor that performed gruesome experiments on performed gruesome experiments on humans – such as how much pain humans – such as how much pain they could withstand.they could withstand.

                                             

Medical personnelexperiment on aprisoner at theBuchenwaldConcentrationcamp.

ResistanceResistance

Resistance against the German Nazis was Resistance against the German Nazis was difficult because Jews were isolated as a difficult because Jews were isolated as a result of anti-Semitism in Europe and result of anti-Semitism in Europe and German propaganda.German propaganda.

However, some Jews did resist, including:However, some Jews did resist, including:– Armed resistance in the ghettosArmed resistance in the ghettos– Jews who hid or passed themselves off as Jews who hid or passed themselves off as

AryansAryans– Subtle forms such as trying to stay alive and Subtle forms such as trying to stay alive and

clean, and holding on to their beliefs and hope.clean, and holding on to their beliefs and hope.

Physical ResistancePhysical Resistance

The tides start to turn: 1944The tides start to turn: 1944

Germany invaded Hungary and Germany invaded Hungary and Romania and began shipping the Romania and began shipping the Jews of those countries to death Jews of those countries to death camps.camps.

However, Germany was also losing However, Germany was also losing territory in 1944, and the Allies were territory in 1944, and the Allies were gaining ground.gaining ground.

1944 continued1944 continued

Hitler was turned back in the Soviet Hitler was turned back in the Soviet Union, and the Russians began Union, and the Russians began reclaiming territory, such as Poland.reclaiming territory, such as Poland.

Since many of the camps were in Since many of the camps were in Poland, the Nazis had to move the Poland, the Nazis had to move the prisoners west through the snow. prisoners west through the snow. Many Jews died on these Many Jews died on these death death marchesmarches..

The end: 1945The end: 1945

In 1945, the Allies liberate the camps and In 1945, the Allies liberate the camps and Germany surrenders.Germany surrenders.

The whole world finally sees the enormous The whole world finally sees the enormous atrocities committed by the Nazis.atrocities committed by the Nazis.

6 million Jews died in the Holocaust, one 6 million Jews died in the Holocaust, one fifth of the European Jewish population.fifth of the European Jewish population.

At least 5-9 million other people were also At least 5-9 million other people were also killed because of the Holocaust, including killed because of the Holocaust, including Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled, political prisoners, gays, and disabled, political prisoners, gays, and lesbians.lesbians.

NightNight by Elie Wiesel by Elie Wiesel

Born in 1928 in Sighet Born in 1928 in Sighet

(part of Romania)(part of Romania) In 1945 he is freed from In 1945 he is freed from

Buchenwald by Allied Buchenwald by Allied forces.forces.

1958: he publishes 1958: he publishes NightNight

Since 1976, a literature Since 1976, a literature professor, teaching professor, teaching ""Literature of MemoryLiterature of Memory.“.“

Nobel Peace Prize 1986 Nobel Peace Prize 1986

Elie Wiesel