Chapter 26, Section 2“War in Europe”

World War II

2 fronts: Eastern and Western

Be able to compare and contrast the three dictators: Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini.

3 parts to the War:1. War in Europe (the 2 fronts)2. War in Japan (war in the Pacific)3. Holocaust

Keys to WWII

“We are determined to keep out of the war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.” - FDR

Blitzkrieg (lightning war): Fast and powerful German army’s attack. Includes soldiers, tanks, and bombings.weakness? Think of a football blitz…

War in Europe

Germany conquers Poland in less than a month.

Hitler decides to attack other countries before attacking France.

Denmark, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium were taken by the Nazis.

After the attack of Belgium, 300,000 allied troops were trapped. Almost every boat in England was used to bring troops back.

The War Expands

Allies: U.S., France, England, Russia, Australia,

New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, Dutch, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, India, Mexico, Norway, Yugoslavia and Poland

Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania, Bulgaria,

Slovakia, and Hungary.

Allies vs. Axis

Western Europe had been conquered by Nazi Germany, the only remaining place is Britain.

At night, Germans bombed important places in Britain (air bases, shipyards, and industries)

People slept underground to stay safe.

Nazis failed because they could not destroy Britain’s air defenses.

The Battle for Britain

We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender”- Prime Minister Winston Churchill

Never Surrender

Dictators come to power and set up totalitarian regimeItaly invades African countriesGermans invade European countries (truce with USSR)Japan invades China

World stands by

Hitler invades Poland, Britain and France declare war

Hitler conquers most of Europe but fails at taking Britain.

Review: World War II so far…

June 1941, Hitler invades the Soviet Union (Russia, USSR)

Scorched-earth: Destroy everything in order to keep resources out of the hands of the enemy.

This slowed down the German soldiers

Hitler breaks another promise

· The Soviets retreated as the Germans advanced on Moscow, burning crops and farm equipment as they went in order to keep them out of German hands.

A Time of Peril

Germany:

· Germany had conquered most of Europe and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.

During the German siege of Leningrad, over one million Soviets were killed.

More than half a million victims are buried at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.

America feels: concerned, worried, cautious, with a sprinkle of isolationism.

Roosevelt initiates first ever, peacetime draft.

1940, Roosevelt runs for 3rd term.After his victory, he becomes a supporter of

the Allies and passes the …Lend-Lease Act: allows U.S. to sell, lend or

lease weapons to any country ‘vital to (their) defense’

America and the War

The Japanese ThreatJapan took control of China and Indochina

(France) with eyes set on East Indies (Dutch), Malaya (Britain) and Philippines (U.S.) for rubber and oil.

In response to Japan’s invasions:- Freeze Japanese funds in U.S. banks- Stopped (slowed) the sail of oil and metal

Fumimaro Konoye: Wanted to talk with U.S.Hideki Tojo: Planned an attack

Pearl Harbor7:55 a.m. Sunday, December 7, 1941

“…a day that will live in infamy.”

Japan’s surprise attack at Pearl Harbor (Oahu, Hawaii)

- Lasted almost 2 hours (110 min)- 2 waves, 45 minutes apartDeaths: 2,300 U.S. soldiers Ships sunk or beached: 12Airplanes destroyed: 164

1,100 sailors will die on this shipA bomb hit the ammunition room.The Arizona still leaks fuel today.

U.S.S. Arizona