world war ii 1939-1945 introduction. axis leaders adolf hitler – german nazi leader hideki tojo-...
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World War II1939-1945
Introduction
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Axis Leaders
Adolf Hitler – German Nazi Leader
Hideki Tojo- Prime Minister of Japan
Benito Mussolini – Fascist Dictator of Italy
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Allied Leaders
Franklin D. Roosevelt/Harry Truman – President of the USA
Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of England
Joseph Stalin – Communist Dictator of Russia (was initially in the alliance with Germany, but switched sides when Germany invaded)
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Axis Strategy• Germany hoped to defeat Soviet Union, gain
control of their oil fields and force Britain out of the war through bombing and submarine warfare - “Blitzkrieg” (lightning fast warfare)
• Japan invaded Philippines and Indonesia. They also planned to invade Australia and Hawaii for full Pacific Island dominance.
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Allied Strategy• In Europe: Defeat HITLER first! With our allies
Britain and the Soviet Union! • In Pacific: Island Hopping. (seizing islands closer and
closer to Japan) use the islands as bases for air attacks and cut off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare.
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The War in Europe• WWII began when Hitler invaded Poland in
1939. Then the Soviet Union invaded Poland. • During the first 2 years of the war the US
stayed neutral, while Germany overran France and most of Europe and pounded Britain from the air (Battle of Britain)
• In mid-1941 Hitler turned on his former partner and invaded the Soviet Union
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• Despite strong isolationist sentiment the US increasingly helped Britain. The US gave old naval warships and war supplies in return for military bases in Bermuda and Caribbean.
• Soon after, the Lend-Lease Act gave the President authority to sell or lend equipment to countries to defend themselves against the Axis Powers.
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• FDR compared the Lend-Lease Act to “lending a garden hose to a next-door neighbor whose house is on fire.”
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The War in Asia
• During the 1930’s, Japan invaded and brutalized Manchuria and China as it sought dominance of Asia
• The US refused to recognize Japan and placed an embargo on oil and steel.
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• While negotiating with the US (and without any warning), Japan carried out an air attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941.
• The attack destroyed much of the American Pacific fleet and killed thousands of Americans
• FDR said “a date that will live in infamy” and therefore asked Congress to declare war on Japan.
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Geneva Convention• Attempted to ensure humane treatment of
prisoners of war by establishing rules for all nations to follow…however:– The treatment of prisoners of war in the Pacific
often reflected the savagery of the fighting there.– Bataan Death March was the brutal treatment of
American POW’s in Japan