world war ii 18.1 the outbreak of world war ii. nazi expansion ► ► march 1939 – hitler’s...
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World War IIWorld War II
18.1 The Outbreak 18.1 The Outbreak of World War IIof World War II
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Nazi Expansion
►March 1939 – Hitler’s armies occupied all of Czechoslovakia
►Hitler wants Polish city of Danzig
►= defies Munich Agreement►Poles refuse to surrender city
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Nazi ExpansionNazi Expansion►France & BritainFrance & Britain►Will go to war with Germany Will go to war with Germany
if Hitler attacks Polandif Hitler attacks Poland►Hope for Soviet help against Hope for Soviet help against
NazisNazis
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Soviet/Nazi Nonaggression Soviet/Nazi Nonaggression PactPact
►August 23, 1939August 23, 1939►Stalin & Hitler agree not to Stalin & Hitler agree not to
attack each otherattack each other►Shocks the world since Stalin Shocks the world since Stalin
had been against fascismhad been against fascism►Secretly agreed to divide Secretly agreed to divide
Poland Poland
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War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out►Sept. 1, 1939Sept. 1, 1939►German armies invade PolandGerman armies invade Poland►Sept. 3, 1939Sept. 3, 1939►Britain & France declare war on Britain & France declare war on
Germany & become the Allied Germany & become the Allied PowersPowers
►Soviet troops also invade eastern Soviet troops also invade eastern Poland and FinlandPoland and Finland
►Poland conquered in less than 1 Poland conquered in less than 1 monthmonth
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Presidential Election / Presidential Election / 19401940
►Roosevelt wins reelection for Roosevelt wins reelection for his unprecedented third termhis unprecedented third term
►Won by promising to Won by promising to keep America out of warkeep America out of war
►Secretly knew that American Secretly knew that American involvement was unavoidableinvolvement was unavoidable
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Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act►War materials flowed between War materials flowed between
Britain & the USBritain & the US►Britain can’t pay for the suppliesBritain can’t pay for the supplies►Roosevelt proposed the US lend Roosevelt proposed the US lend
or lease the supplies to Britainor lease the supplies to Britain►Later extended to SovietsLater extended to Soviets►$50 billion shipped total$50 billion shipped total
Us received land for military basesUs received land for military bases
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The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France
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German BlitzkriegGerman Blitzkrieg
► = The use of tanks, planes, = The use of tanks, planes, paratroopers, and advanced paratroopers, and advanced communications to attack communications to attack quickly and overwhelm ones quickly and overwhelm ones opponent opponent
►Means “Lightning War” Means “Lightning War”
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France Mobilizes & France Mobilizes & FallsFalls
►French troops mobilized on the French troops mobilized on the Maginot LineMaginot Line
► = Fortification on the southern = Fortification on the southern border between Germany & border between Germany & FranceFrance
►Germans defeated Belgium, Germans defeated Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Northern FranceNorway, and Northern France
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France Mobilizes & France Mobilizes & FallsFalls
►Germans – go around Maginot Line Germans – go around Maginot Line through Ardennes Forrestthrough Ardennes Forrest
►Beat France in 1.5 MonthsBeat France in 1.5 Months►British forced off continent at British forced off continent at
DunkirkDunkirk►= Huge Failure= Huge Failure►Germany established a “puppet” Germany established a “puppet”
French government in the south at French government in the south at Vichy = Vichy = Vichy RegimeVichy Regime
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Battle of BritainBattle of Britain►May 10, 1940:May 10, 1940:►Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill: elected : elected
PM of BritainPM of Britain►Britain stands alone against Britain stands alone against
the Axisthe Axis►Churchill opposed Churchill opposed
appeasement towards Hitler & appeasement towards Hitler & continued fightingcontinued fighting
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Battle of BritainBattle of Britain►August 1940August 1940►Massive, daily & nightly Massive, daily & nightly
bombings of British cities by bombings of British cities by Luftwaffe Luftwaffe (German Air Force)(German Air Force)
►German Goal: German Goal: Break British Break British will to fight; doesn’t workwill to fight; doesn’t work
►British Royal Air Force used British Royal Air Force used radar & destroyed more radar & destroyed more German planesGerman planes
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Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa►July 1941 July 1941 ►Need Oil – fuel for armyNeed Oil – fuel for army►Hitler’s Generals against thisHitler’s Generals against this
Hitler invades the Soviet UnionHitler invades the Soviet UnionViolates their agreement; Violates their agreement; Soviets caught off guardSoviets caught off guard
Two front warTwo front war
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Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic►German U-Boats –German U-Boats –
Continued to cause serious Continued to cause serious damage to Allied ships & suppliesdamage to Allied ships & supplies
►Allies counteracted with –Allies counteracted with –Better sonarBetter sonarFaster escort shipsFaster escort shipsBombing of submarine shipyardsBombing of submarine shipyardsNazis lost 783 U-BoatsNazis lost 783 U-Boats
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