WORLD WAR I ORIGINS•ALLIES: FRANCE, BRITAIN, RUSSIA

•CENTRAL POWERS: GERMANY, AUSTRIA

•FOUR MAIN CAUSES•MILITARISM – ARMY/NAVY BUILD-UP• ALLIANCES – COMMON DEFENSE GUARANTEES• IMPERIALISM – COMPETITION FOR LANDS• NATIONALISM – OVERDEVELOPED PRIDE

•WWI BEGAN IN EUROPE IN 1914 AND PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON VOWED TO KEEP AMERICA NEUTRAL

•WHY WOULD WOODROW WILSON’S AMERICA WANT TO STAY NEUTRAL? 15a

MAIN CAUSES OF WWI

15a

WHO’S IN AND WHO’S OUT

ALLIANCE

• SERBIA

• RUSSIA

• FRANCE

•GREAT BRITAIN

• UNITED STATES

CENTRAL POWERS

• AUSTRIA HUNGARY

•GERMANY

• ITALY (KINDA)

15a

AMERICA ENDS NEUTRALITY• IN 1915, THE LUSITANIA WAS SUNK BY GERMAN U-BOATS

• AMERICA DEMANDED AN END TO UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE

WARFARE THAT ENDANGERED OUR NEUTRAL RIGHTS, LIVES, AND

TRADE

• IN 1917, THE GERMAN ZIMMERMAN NOTE TO MEXICO

ENRAGED AMERICANS

• IN 1917, RUSSIA’S COMMUNIST REVOLUTION PULLED THEM

OUT OF THE WAR

•WHY WOULD RUSSIA’S PULL-OUT PUSH AMERICA INTO WWI?15a

SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA ZIMMERMAN NOTE

GREAT MIGRATION•WWI CREATED LOTS OF INDUSTRIAL JOBS IN THE CITIES OF

THE NE AND MW

•AFRICAN AMERICANS MOVED NORTH BY THE THOUSANDS

•WHY WOULD AFRICAN AMERICANS BE EAGER TO LEAVE THE

SOUTH?

15b

GREAT MIGRATION• BEFORE • DURING

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GREAT MIGRATION• AFTER

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THE GREAT MIGRATION

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ESPIONAGE & SEDITION ACTS• FEAR OF DANGERS AMONGST US LED THE GOVERNMENT TO PASS

THESE ACTS IN 1917

• COMMUNICATING ANY INFO THAT WOULD INTERFERE WITH

MILITARY OPERATIONS OR HELP OUR ENEMIES WOULD BE A

CRIMINAL OFFENSE

•WHAT MIGHT BE CONSTITUTIONALLY PROBLEMATIC ABOUT THESE

WARTIME LAWS?

15b

ESPIONAGE ACT

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EUGENE V. DEBS

• LABOR UNION LEADER (PULLMAN STRIKE!) AND SOCIALIST

PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN 1904, 1908, 1912

•GAVE A SPEECH PROTESTING MILITARY RECRUITMENT TACTICS

AND GOT TEN YEARS IN JAIL

•WHEN ELSE HAVE WE SEEN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TAKEN

AWAY DURING AN AMERICAN WAR?

15b

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FOURTEEN POINTS•AMERICA HAD PUT THE ALLIES OVER THE TOP TO WIN WWI IN JUST

OVER ONE YEAR OF FIGHTING

•PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON HAD A PLAN TO AVOID FUTURE WARS AND AS THE WAR CAME TO AN END HE STARTED TO PUSH IT AT HOME AND ABROAD• #1: OPEN DIPLOMACY• #2: FREEDOM OF THE SEAS• #3: EQUAL ACCESS TO TRADE• #4: DISARMAMENT• #5: NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION• #14: INTERNATIONAL PEACE-KEEPING GROUP

•WHY DOES WILSON THINK HE GETS SUCH A VOICE IN THE POST-WAR TREATY-MAKING PROCESS? 15c

WILSON’S 14 POINTS• 1. NO MORE SECRET AGREEMENTS ("OPEN COVENANTS OPENLY

ARRIVED AT").

• 2. FREE NAVIGATION OF ALL SEAS.

• 3. AN END TO ALL ECONOMIC BARRIERS BETWEEN COUNTRIES.

• 4. COUNTRIES TO REDUCE WEAPON NUMBERS.

• 5. ALL DECISIONS REGARDING THE COLONIES SHOULD BE

IMPARTIAL

• 6. THE GERMAN ARMY IS TO BE REMOVED FROM RUSSIA.

RUSSIA SHOULD BE LEFT TO DEVELOP HER OWN POLITICAL SET-

UP.

• 7. BELGIUM SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT LIKE BEFORE THE WAR.

• 8. FRANCE SHOULD BE FULLY LIBERATED AND ALLOWED TO

RECOVER ALSACE-LORRAINE

• 9. ALL ITALIANS ARE TO BE ALLOWED TO LIVE IN ITALY. ITALY'S

BORDERS ARE TO "ALONG CLEARLY RECOGNIZABLE LINES OF

NATIONALITY."

• 10. SELF-DETERMINATION SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR ALL THOSE

LIVING IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

• 11. SELF-DETERMINATION AND GUARANTEES OF INDEPENDENCE

SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOR THE BALKAN STATES.

• 12. THE TURKISH PEOPLE SHOULD BE GOVERNED BY THE

TURKISH GOVERNMENT. NON-TURKS IN THE OLD TURKISH

EMPIRE SHOULD GOVERN THEMSELVES.

• 13. AN INDEPENDENT POLAND SHOULD BE CREATED WHICH

SHOULD HAVE ACCESS TO THE SEA.

• 14. A LEAGUE OF NATIONS SHOULD BE SET UP TO GUARANTEE

THE POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL INDEPENDENCE OF ALL

STATES.

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WOODROW WILSON

15c

LEAGUE OF NATIONS•WILSON’S 14TH POINT WAS THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL – AND

UNPOPULAR AT HOME

• ISOLATIONISTS IN AMERICA FEARED THE LEAGUE

• THE SENATE REFUSED TO RATIFY THE TREATY INCLUDING THE

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

•WILSON CAMPAIGNED HEAVILY ACROSS THE COUNTRY FOR THE

LEAGUE, BUT THE US NEVER BOUGHT INTO THE INTERNATIONAL

PEACE-KEEPING GROUP

•WHY WOULD ISOLATIONISTS FEAR JOINING THE LEAGUE OF

NATIONS? 15c

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

15c

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

(1) WHAT WERE THE FOUR MAIN CAUSES OF WWI?

(2) WHY DID AMERICA ENTER WWI?

(3) HOW DID WWI CHANGE AFRICAN AMERICAN LIVES?

(4) HOW DID WWI CHANGE WOMEN’S LIVES?

(5) WHY WAS THE ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACT VIEWED AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

(6) WHAT RULE DID EUGENE DEBS BREAK?

(7) WHAT WAS WOODROW WILSON’S 14TH POINT GOING TO CREATE?

(8) WHY WOULD ISOLATIONIST FEAR JOINING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?

ISOLATIONISM• AFTER WWI WAS OVER AND WILSON LEFT THE PRESIDENCY,

AMERICA CRAVED A RETURN TO NORMALCY IN THE 1920S

• FOR MANY, THIS MEANT A REJECTION OF EXTERNAL POLITICAL

TRENDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MORE OF A FOCUS ON

DOMESTIC ISSUES

• IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT WWI KILLED PROGRESSIVISM IN THE

US…IF SO, WHAT SHOULD WE EXPECT OF GOVERNMENT IN THE

1920S?

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