world war i. woodrow wilson president of the u.s. u.s. should be honest, unselfish, and promote...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Woodrow Wilson
• President of the U.S.• U.S. should be honest, unselfish,
and promote democracy• Opposed imperialism• Lead by moral example
Mexican Revolution• Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico• Was a dictator• Removed from power by the poor• Victoriano Huerta
–New leader–Was not liked by Pres. Wilson
Mexican Revolution• U.S. sailors arrested – Wilson sees
opportunity to remove Huerta• Mexican forces not happy with new
leader Carranza & raid parts of the U.S.
• Pancho Villa–Leader of guerrillas–Destroyed parts of New Mexico–Killed Americans
Mexican Revolution• Wilson Sends troops to stop guerillas
–Led by General John Pershing–No guerillas captured–Embarrassment to U.S. & Wilson
World War I• The Alliance System
–1860s Prussia launches wars to unite Germany
–Defeats France and takes territory near Germany
–New German nation industrialized and powerful
Alliance system contd.• Triple Alliance (1870)
–Germany has alliances with Italy and Austria-Hungary
• Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)–France and Russia both concerned
over Germany’s actions• Triple Entente (1900)
–Britain, France, Russia understand each others concerns over Germany.
The Naval Race• Great Britain threatened by Germany’s
new Navy.• By 1900s an arms race began between
the 2 countries
Continent in War• Franz Ferdinand and wife assassinated
in Sarajevo• Shot by Gavrilo Princip, part of “Black
Hand”• Austria declares war on Serbia,
Germany declares war on Russia and France.
• World War I begins
Germany’s Plan Fails• Germany invades France
– Neutral Belgium used to trap French– Britain, protecting Belgium, declares war on
Germany
• Allies: former Triple Entente– France, Russia, Great Britain, and Italy– Italy promised Austro-Hungarian land at end of
war
• Central Powers: former Triple Alliance– Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire,
and Bulgaria
Americans Take Sides• Although neutral, Americans favor allied cause• American Military leaders favor Allies
– Maintain international balance of power
• American Businesses favor Allies• Britain and Germany use propaganda
The British Blockade• Mines planted in North Sea• Ships inspected for contraband being sent to
Germany• Germany Responds
– Sends U-boats to patrol international waters– Lusitania attacked and sunk – 1200 dead– Sussex attacked and Americans injured!
• Sussex Pledge– Germany not to fire on merchant ships without
warning
U.S. Declares War• Zimmerman telegram
– Germany asking Mexico to join war– Offering Mexican land back should they win– Mexico could keep Americans busy in N.
American continent– Telegram leaked to press – Americans furious!
US Wins War• Trench Warfare- ditches where troops hid
and fired guns
No Man’s Land –
area between opposing trenches
U.S. WINS WAR• Russia leaves war
–food and fuel crisis–Vladimir Lenin and Bolshevik party
take over–Establish a communist government
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk–Russia not in war–Russia looses territory in Ukraine,
Finland, Polish and Baltic territories.
Battle of Argonne Forest• Massive American attack on Germany• Led by Gen. Pershing• Many American deaths – U.S. wins• Germany signs armistice (cease fire)
on Nov, 11, 1918.
Wilson’s 14 Points• Point 1-5 – eliminate general causes of war• Point 6-13 – right of self determination• 14th Point – League of Nations for world peace
Treaty of Versailles• Peace Agreement with Germany
•Germany to have no military
•Germany must pay reparations (war damages)
The Results of WWI• Inflation in America• Increased cost of living• Inflation leads to strikes
– Workers want raises/Companies want little expenses
– The Seattle General Strike- 60,000 people– The Boston Police Strike – 75% of force leaves job– The Steel Strike – 350,000 workers leave job
Race Problems• American soldiers return home and compete
for jobs with African Americans.• Chicago Race Riot
– Black and white citizens fight over a beach– African American teenager drowns– City erupts with racial violence– 2 weeks long / 38 people dead
RED SCARE!!!• REDS = Communist people• Immigrants in U.S. feared of being Communist• Communist International – org. to run activities
of Communist Party• Bombs in mail
– conspiracy!!!– Bomb secretary of state A. Mitchell Palmer– General Intelligence Division formed (now FBI)– Palmer a national hero – not much is ever found on
communist suspects.