World War IWorld War I

Causes of the WarCauses of the War Improved technology and industrialization Improved technology and industrialization

created a new sense of nationalism created a new sense of nationalism among countries.among countries.

A growing rivalry over European trade, A growing rivalry over European trade, colonies, and influence in Africa and Asia.colonies, and influence in Africa and Asia.

The large European powers began an The large European powers began an arms race followed by a system of national arms race followed by a system of national treaties and alliances.treaties and alliances.

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.of Austria-Hungary.

New Military TechnologyNew Military Technology

The new industrialism meant new The new industrialism meant new advances in the science of warfareadvances in the science of warfare

Rapid-firing rifles, improved explosives, Rapid-firing rifles, improved explosives, motorized Gatlin guns, enormous artillery motorized Gatlin guns, enormous artillery pieces, first use of tankspieces, first use of tanks

Airplanes, submarines, poison gas and Airplanes, submarines, poison gas and trench warfare strategiestrench warfare strategies

NeutralityNeutrality

Despite President Wilson’s call for Despite President Wilson’s call for American neutrality, the majority of American neutrality, the majority of Americans favored the Allies.Americans favored the Allies.

Ultimately, most Americans believed that Ultimately, most Americans believed that France and England were fighting to France and England were fighting to preserve human culture against preserve human culture against barbarians.barbarians.

Deciding for WarDeciding for War Wilson’s re-election in 1916 seemed to be a Wilson’s re-election in 1916 seemed to be a

mandate for further attempts at neutrality.mandate for further attempts at neutrality. Wilson outlined a plan for “peace without Wilson outlined a plan for “peace without

victory”-Fourteen Points.victory”-Fourteen Points. The German leaders thought they could win The German leaders thought they could win

the war and rejected Wilson’s attempt at the war and rejected Wilson’s attempt at negotiation.negotiation.

Interception of the Zimmerman telegram Interception of the Zimmerman telegram increased pressure to go to war.increased pressure to go to war.

A Patriotic CrusadeA Patriotic Crusade For most Americans, the war was a remote idealFor most Americans, the war was a remote ideal Committee of Public Information was created to Committee of Public Information was created to

flood America with propaganda in an anti-flood America with propaganda in an anti-German context.German context.

The Espionage, Sedition, and Trading With the The Espionage, Sedition, and Trading With the Enemy Acts severely limited the freedoms of Enemy Acts severely limited the freedoms of Americans.Americans.

Prompted the early Civil Liberties Bureau which Prompted the early Civil Liberties Bureau which became the ACLUbecame the ACLU

Over ThereOver There The United States entered the World War The United States entered the World War

in the spring of 1917 after three years of in the spring of 1917 after three years of European fighting.European fighting.

General “Black Jack” Pershing insisted General “Black Jack” Pershing insisted that American troops be segregated from that American troops be segregated from French and British divisions.French and British divisions.

The U.S. entered the war late and lost The U.S. entered the war late and lost little compared to Britain and France.little compared to Britain and France.

Great Migration and FluGreat Migration and Flu Over 100,00 African-Americans migrate to Over 100,00 African-Americans migrate to

northern cities during the war for factory jobs.northern cities during the war for factory jobs. In the fall of 1919 brought the end of the Great In the fall of 1919 brought the end of the Great

War and the beginning of the Spanish Flu War and the beginning of the Spanish Flu epidemic that claimed the lives of over 43,000 epidemic that claimed the lives of over 43,000 American servicemen, 675,000 Americans American servicemen, 675,000 Americans overall, and 40 million people worldwide in the overall, and 40 million people worldwide in the space of little more than two years.space of little more than two years.

Finances and the Federal Finances and the Federal GovernmentGovernment World War I cost the United States over World War I cost the United States over

$33 billion in 1918 dollars$33 billion in 1918 dollars The Federal government was organized to The Federal government was organized to

combat food shortages, promote scientific combat food shortages, promote scientific advancement, and take over operation of advancement, and take over operation of the railroads – most government power in the railroads – most government power in history!history!

Suffrage for WomenSuffrage for Women Women’s involvement in the war Women’s involvement in the war

effort bolstered their arguments for effort bolstered their arguments for suffrage.suffrage.

The Nineteenth Amendment, securing The Nineteenth Amendment, securing a woman’s right to vote, was ratified a woman’s right to vote, was ratified in 1920in 1920

Prohibition also gets a boost from Prohibition also gets a boost from anti-German anti-beer sentimentanti-German anti-beer sentiment

1917 Russian Revolution1917 Russian Revolution

Russia has not progressed as far Russia has not progressed as far industrially as other major powers and is industrially as other major powers and is ill equipped to fight in World War Iill equipped to fight in World War I

Huge losses, scattered mutiniesHuge losses, scattered mutinies Czar overthrown, Lenin declares Czar overthrown, Lenin declares

communist state, eventually succeedscommunist state, eventually succeeds Russian Civil War Reds vs. Whites Russian Civil War Reds vs. Whites

U.S. sends troops to help WhitesU.S. sends troops to help Whites

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Map of Europe Changed dramaticallyMap of Europe Changed dramatically Winners gain territory, losers lose and are Winners gain territory, losers lose and are

divideddivided

Germany forced to admit war blameGermany forced to admit war blame Axis powers must pay huge reparationsAxis powers must pay huge reparations Sets the stage for World War II –Sets the stage for World War II –

Germany’s revenge!Germany’s revenge!