CHAPTER 19 SECTION 1World War I Begins

Guided Reading Activity

How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?

Nationalism:

•Encouraged competitiveness and antagonism among nations. •Made various ethnic groups want to establish independent nations of their own.

How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?

Imperialism:

Encouraged competitiveness and antagonism between nations. Colonies supplied many raw materials.

How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?

Militarism:

Led to military buildups and a naval arms race. Strongest nation was Germany, led to a naval arms race with Great Britain. (US, France, Italy and Japan soon follow)

How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?

Alliances:

Committed nations to support one another if attacked.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: (the “spark”)

Led Austria-Hungary to declare war against Serbia, which automatically brought in nations involved in the alliance system.

Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U. S. participation in the war?

Naturalized Citizens:

Had close ties to their home nations. Sympathized with home countries.

Socialists:

Saw the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle to control markets and colonies.

Pacifists:

Believed that all wars were evil.

Parents:

Didn’t want their sons to experience the horrors of warfare and to die.

What did the following nations do to encourage U.S. participation in the war?

Britain:

•Cut the transatlantic cable between Germany and the U.S.•Emphasized accounts of German aggression in its news reports to the U.S.•Gave the U.S. large orders for war materials and took out large loans from the U.S.

What did the following nations do to encourage U.S. participation in the war?

Germany:

•Engaged in unrestricted submarine warfare.•Sank the Lusitania (killed 1198 people, 128 Americans)and other ships carrying Americans.•Promised to give Mexico American territory.(Zimmerman note)

What did the following nations do to encourage U.S. participation in the war?

Russia:

•Overthrew the czar and established a representative government, creating a situation in which the war became one of democracy versus dictatorships.

CHAPTER 19 SECTION 2American Power Tips the Balance

How did the United States raise an Army?

Called for volunteers. Instituted a draft: Selective Service Act

Members of the first contingent of New Yorkers drafted into the United States Army are shown lined up in front of their barracks at Camp Upton, Long Island, New York, as America enters World War I in 1917. AP/WIDE WORLD PHOTOS.

How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?

Brought freshness and enthusiasm Helped stop German advances on Paris and

several other French cities

Allied Soldiers dig in for the fierce fighting.

How did the U.S. build its naval force?

Volunteers and draft Accepted women volunteers Exempted shipyard workers from the draft and

ran a public relations campaign to show the importance of shipyard work.

Began using prefabrication to construct ships Took over commercial and private ships and

converted them for war use.

How did the U.S. Navy help win the war?

Broke the German blockade by the convoy system

Helped lay down a barrier of mines across the North Sea.

What new weapons of mechanized warfare threatened those in combat?

Zeppelins, machine guns, poison gas, grenades, tanks, airplanes.

What did the war cost in terms of the number of…

Civilian deaths: More than 11 million.

Military Deaths:Around 11 Million

Injuries: 20 million

Refugees:10 Million

What were the estimated economic costs?

About $338Billion