World War I: An Introduction

World War I: underlying causes

Marching toward war

The Cousins War

Wilhelm II of ______________George V of ________________ Nicholas II of _______________

UNDERLYING CAUSES: M.A.N.I.A.

M: _____________ A: _____________ N: _____________ I: _____________ A: ____________

militarism

The policy of glorifying _____________________ and keeping an army prepared for ___________

Includes the development of new ___________________ and large reserve _________________

Results in the rise of a dangerous European _________________________

Mobilization: The organization of resources for ______________; Generally triggers other ______________to do the same

Example: During the early 1900s Kaiser Wilhelm II expanded the German _____________

Wanted Germany to be ______________________________ in terms of naval strength

Great Britain felt ______________________as a result of Germanys naval buildup

Solution? _____________________ the British Navy & developed a new _________________; The Dreadnought

ALLIANCES: __________________________________ among nations

Triple alliance (1882):

_______________________________________________________* (Central Powers)

Allied in an attempt to isolate ______________________

Triple Entente (1907):

_______________________________________________________________ (Allied Powers)

*After the war starts _________________ switches sides and joins the Allied Powers

Nationalism

French Nationalism: French nationalists sought revenge against ________________ after their loss of _________________________________in the Franco-Prussian War (1870)

Slavic Nationalism: A large-scale movement to ___________ all Slavic people under __________________

The _______________wanted to lead Slavic unification; supported by ___________________ (why?)

German Nationalism: Germany wanted to prove its ____________________ in comparison to the other great powers of Europe

Imperialism

As European countries continued to compete for _____________________________, their sense of rivalry & ____________________ of one another deepened

Germany & ________________came close to fighting a war over the control of Morocco

Germany wanted to create a ________________________ Railway; Caused resentment in ____________________

Feared interference with ________________ & reduced traffic thru the Suez Canal

anarchy

At this time the nations of Europe began to ______________________ without consulting their neighbors

Problem?

If a crisis arose there was no __________________________________________________________ to monitor it

World War I: the beginnings

Trouble in the balkans

Many groups in the ______________________ win independence from ____________________________________in the early 1900s

New nation of Serbia is made up largely of _______________

Austria-Hungary ___________________ the Slavic region of _________________________________________ (1908)

Serbia is ____________________!; sees itself as the rightful ruler of these Slavic lands

Serbia vowed to take B-H away from Austria; Austria-Hungary vowed to ___________________________ if they did

The Balkan Powder Keg

June 28, 1914

The Spark!

Archduke _____________________________ of Austria-Hungary was ____________________ by Gavrilo Princip

Princip was a member of the __________________nationalist group __________________________

Ferdinand planned to give the Slavs of Bosnia-Herzegovina an _________________ in the Austro-Hungarian government

This threatened the _________________ for a separate _______________ state

Tensions build! Alliances Tested!

Austria-Hungary held the _____________________________ responsible for the assassination of Ferdinand

Austria-Hungary sought _____________________ from Germany in the event of war

Germany issued a __________________________ to Austria-Hungary

Blank Check: William II _______________________________ any actions that Austria-Hungary might take against Serbia

The Ultimatum: (set of final conditions that must be accepted to avoid severe consequence)

Main condition: Austria-Hungary demanded ___________________ into Serbia to conduct an __________________________

Declarations of war!

Austria-Hungary gave Serbia ______________________to agree to the ultimatum; Serbia _______________________ to agree to all parts

July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary __________________________ on Serbia!

Russia, an __________________ Serbia, ___________________________ along the borders of Germany & Austria-Hungary

Germany _____________________ to stop; Russia _________________!

Germany issued an ultimatum to ______________; Gave France 18 hours to decide whether or not it would _____________________; France gave an _________________________ answer!

08/01/1914: ________________ declared war on _________________

08/03/1914: Germany declared war on ______________________

Great Britain hoped to remain _______________; DID NOT want to become ______________ in a warHOWEVER

The Belgium issue

Germany _________________________ across Belgium in order to fight France

Part of Germanys ____________________ Plan

Back in 1839 Britain, Russia, France & Germany had signed a treaty that guaranteed ______________________________; Great Britain ____________________ Germanys demand

Despite Belgiums neutrality, _________________________ it

Great Britain demanded that Germany immediately ________________ from Belgium

Germany responded by referring to the treaty as nothing more than a __________________________________

____________________________ declared war on Germany on Aug 4, 1914

The Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan: Germanys plan to deal with a ________________________ war

The German army DID NOT want to fight the war on _________________ fronts at the ______________ time

Germany believed that the Russian army would be __________________________________

Believed they could defeat _________________ on the Western Front in 5 to 6 weeks

Planned to invade Belgium & _______________________; They would then be able to fight __________________ on the Eastern Front

Expectations

Both sides thought that the war would be a quick ordeal

Kaiser told his soldiers, Youll be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees.

French troops marched off shouting, Well be home by Christmas.

They underestimated the role industrialization would play in this war

World War I: The Turning Point

The U.S. Enters

The Lusitania (May, 1915)

Germany ______________ a British passenger ship

Had been carrying supplies & 128 ______________

The _______ warned Germany to ____________________________

Germany ____________________ended unrestricted sub warfare

U.S. Early Policy

When World War I began, the U.S. remained ________________________

Believed that World War I was a _____________________________

Supplied _____________, raw materials, __________________ & money to belligerent (warring) nations

Insisted on _____________ trade & travel

propaganda

In the US most ____________ about the war came from _________________

___________________ German atrocities against British citizens

Affected US ___________________

Zimmermann telegram

Message from _______________ foreign minister to German ambassador to _________________

Promised Mexico the return of New Mexico, Texas & Arizona in exchange for _________________________

The British ___________________ the telegram & shared with US

German submarine warfare

Germany ___________________unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany sank 4 US ___________________ during the winter of 1917

The u.s. enters wwi!

4/2/1917 _________________ asked Congress for a declaration of _____________

4/6/1917 Congress voted to enter war on the side of ___________________; The Yanks are Coming!

A new kind of war

War of the Industrial Revolution warfare relies on ____________________

TOTAL WAR: Nations devoted all ___________________ to war

Governments took control of __________________ to produce war goods; Factories produced munitions; citizens put to work

Women replaced men in _________________________; built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, ran hospitals, supplied troops

Rationing: Since goods were in ______________________, governments asked people to only buy small amounts of items; Everyone did their part!

wwi: The Turning Point

Russia ExitS

Russia before wwi

__________________empire; Great __________________

Limited industry

Russia during wwi

________________________ from all supplies & allies

However, Russia greatly aided the war effort by _________________ German troops from attacking France & Great Britain

Problems: Morale was ________________________________

Over _