WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I1914 - 19181914 - 1918

Section 3Section 3

Americans at WarAmericans at War

Joining the FightJoining the Fight

Congress declared _____ on ____ 2, Congress declared _____ on ____ 2, 1917.1917.

While waiting for the _________ forces to While waiting for the _________ forces to assist the allies, Germany sank _______ assist the allies, Germany sank _______ Allied vessels from February-April of 1917.Allied vessels from February-April of 1917.

Naval ProblemsNaval Problems

Britain’s navy and their naval tactics were Britain’s navy and their naval tactics were not enough to stop Germany’s ______.not enough to stop Germany’s ______.

It was simply too difficult to patrol the It was simply too difficult to patrol the entire ________ _______.entire ________ _______.

The Allies were not getting the _________ The Allies were not getting the _________ they needed to fight the war on the they needed to fight the war on the Western ________. Western ________.

Protecting Allied ShippingProtecting Allied Shipping

Britain’s top naval _______ predicted Britain’s top naval _______ predicted that ________ would win the war that ________ would win the war unless the flow of ______ from unless the flow of ______ from America __________.America __________.

Allied naval leaders developed a Allied naval leaders developed a _______ _______._______ _______.

Light, fast ________ ________ Light, fast ________ ________ accompanied the convoys.accompanied the convoys.

CONVOY SYSTEMCONVOY SYSTEM

American Expeditionary ForceAmerican Expeditionary Force

The Americans had chosen John The Americans had chosen John “Black Jack” ________ to lead the “Black Jack” ________ to lead the U.S. _______ into ________.U.S. _______ into ________.

England and ________ wanted England and ________ wanted the U.S. to integrate their troops the U.S. to integrate their troops into the ______ armies (this is into the ______ armies (this is called amalgamation).called amalgamation).

American Expeditionary ForceAmerican Expeditionary Force

Pershing took the extra time (more Pershing took the extra time (more training) to make sure Americans would be training) to make sure Americans would be comprised of one force fighting comprised of one force fighting underneath the ________ flag.underneath the ________ flag.

Although it all worked out, Pershing was Although it all worked out, Pershing was ridiculed by the Allies. They believed ridiculed by the Allies. They believed Pershing’s plan wasted time enabling the Pershing’s plan wasted time enabling the Germans to enter ______. Germans to enter ______.

DOUGHBOYSDOUGHBOYS

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONRUSSIAN REVOLUTIONNovember 7, 1917, a radical faction known November 7, 1917, a radical faction known as the Bolsheviks gained control of _____ as the Bolsheviks gained control of _____ under the leadership of Vladimir _____.under the leadership of Vladimir _____.

Russia pulled out of the war in 1918, Russia pulled out of the war in 1918, signing a peace _______ with signing a peace _______ with Germany.Germany.

This “pull out” of Russian troops This “pull out” of Russian troops allowed Germany to move __ allowed Germany to move __ divisions to the Western Front.divisions to the Western Front.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

Check Point (Think-Pair-Share)Check Point (Think-Pair-Share)

How did the Convoy System work? How did it How did the Convoy System work? How did it help the Allies?help the Allies?

Why did John J. Pershing insist that Americans Why did John J. Pershing insist that Americans fight under their own flag? Even though it fight under their own flag? Even though it worked out, was this a good decision?worked out, was this a good decision?

What are some problems with Amalgamation?What are some problems with Amalgamation?

How did the peace agreement between Russia How did the peace agreement between Russia and Germany create a new obstacle for the and Germany create a new obstacle for the Allies?Allies?

Germany AttacksGermany Attacks

On March 21, 1918, the German Army On March 21, 1918, the German Army unleashed a series of attacks. The idea was to unleashed a series of attacks. The idea was to end the war before _______ could get involved.end the war before _______ could get involved.Germany knew there would be an armistice Germany knew there would be an armistice soon. The goal was to defeat the Allies and soon. The goal was to defeat the Allies and bring the war to an end on ______ terms.bring the war to an end on ______ terms.Pershing finally changed his stance and allowed Pershing finally changed his stance and allowed some units to fight under French and British some units to fight under French and British command.command.

Turning the TideTurning the Tide

Americans fought bravely at Americans fought bravely at several battles, including several battles, including Chateau-Thierry and the Chateau-Thierry and the Argonne Forest.Argonne Forest.The _______ down the The _______ down the German army and advanced German army and advanced _______._______.

Armistice DebateArmistice DebateAs Germany wore down, an armistice was As Germany wore down, an armistice was inevitable.inevitable.

France and Britain wanted a ______ France and Britain wanted a ______ settlement, while Woodrow Wilson proposed settlement, while Woodrow Wilson proposed a “Fourteen Point” peace plan, which assured a “Fourteen Point” peace plan, which assured Germany lighter Germany lighter reparationsreparations (Vocab. Word!) (Vocab. Word!)

Wilson’s plan was aimed more at future Wilson’s plan was aimed more at future peace between nations instead of harsh peace between nations instead of harsh consequences and animosity (hatred) consequences and animosity (hatred) towards Germany.towards Germany.

War’s TollWar’s Toll

In the end, Germany ended up paying the harsh In the end, Germany ended up paying the harsh consequences Britain and France asked for. consequences Britain and France asked for. This sent Germany into a deep economic This sent Germany into a deep economic _________._________.Other Consequences: The war cost the lives of Other Consequences: The war cost the lives of about ___ _______ men. Millions of other men about ___ _______ men. Millions of other men were blinded, lost limbs, suffered permanent were blinded, lost limbs, suffered permanent lung damage, and experienced deep lung damage, and experienced deep psychological problems.psychological problems.Civilians also died of disease, starvation, or war-Civilians also died of disease, starvation, or war-related causes. Millions of children were left related causes. Millions of children were left orphaned (no parents) or __________.orphaned (no parents) or __________.

Checkpoint (Think-Pair-Share)Checkpoint (Think-Pair-Share)

Why do you think Woodrow Wilson did not Why do you think Woodrow Wilson did not want harsh reparations pressed on want harsh reparations pressed on Germany?Germany?

America lost about 3.5% of the lives that America lost about 3.5% of the lives that Russia (1.7 mil.), France (1.3 mil.), and Russia (1.7 mil.), France (1.3 mil.), and Britain (900,000) did individually. Germany Britain (900,000) did individually. Germany lost 1.6 million men. Did America have the lost 1.6 million men. Did America have the right to dictate the terms of the treaty?right to dictate the terms of the treaty?

Wilson’s Fourteen Wilson’s Fourteen Points for PeacePoints for Peace

• Read page 723 carefully and find four principles to secure peace in the World President Wilson offered at the Peace Conference in Paris.

• Confirm your understanding of these principles with your neighbor. •What was Wilson’s Fourteenth point?

Postwar Troubles:Postwar Troubles:Influenza Epidemic, Labor Unrest Influenza Epidemic, Labor Unrest

& the Red Scare& the Red ScareCreate a graphic organizer on the Create a graphic organizer on the three topics above on the back of three topics above on the back of your 21.4 study guide.– your 21.4 study guide.– See pg. 727 See pg. 727

Postwar Troubles

Influenza Epidemic Labor

Unrest

Red Scare

YourNotes Your

NotesYour Notes