world war i 1 (2)
TRANSCRIPT
All Quiet on the Western Front-US History Honors-
Erich Maria Remarque - Author Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW
Book – 1929
Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany
Four Main Causes of WW I1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for
their own country
Americans feeling when watching Olympics:
Michael Phelps wins Gold
“Extreme Pride for your own country”
Europe was a small place
with many Developed
& Competing Countries
3) International RivalriesThe nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals
and strengthen alliances
• Many countries in a small location
• Build Armies for Defense & Strength
• This leads to a great “Arms Race”
Example
1) Germany’s new navy challenged
Britain's long standing naval supremacy
2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its neighbors France & Russia
The Dreadnought Battleship-the most powerful war machine on earth
• Br. Started building & Gr. quickly followed
• Started the “Arms Race”
Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger.,
A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions
4) System of Alliances• Attempt by each country to gain security through
alliances
tried to find – “Balance of Power”
• Many Alliances were done in secrecy
- other countries didn’t know what side you were on
“entangling alliances”Two Main Alliances
1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)
2) Central Powers – GR, A-H,Otoman Empire
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II
[Rus]
George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Central Powers:
Enver Pasha
[O.E/Turkey]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
The Assassin: Gavrilo PrincipSerbian Nationalist
Wanted to free the
Slavic people in A-H
-Liberate the Balkans
Chain of Events Take Place
• A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914
• Russia comes to the aid of Serbia
• Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.
• Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Fr.
• Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H
The USA - Neutral
Two Front War Developsin Europe
1) Eastern FrontGr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows
2) Western FrontGr. Attacks France through Belgium
1st Battle of the Marne
- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of Paris as the attack bogs down
Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)
Major Trench Battles in WWI
1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
A sacred place for the French
“Battle of Attrition”
1 million men – killed/wounded/missing
2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)
started to take pressure off of Verdun
60,000 Br. Casualties in one day
1 million killed
The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Fighting Took place in the
Colonies too - Africa
British Sikh
Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the
German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
Development of Pilates
• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany
• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain confidence & control of their lives after suffering debilitating injuries on the Front
• This became the core strengthening workout used today
Weapons of WarThe Great War saw destruction on the
field of battle like never before1) Old-Fashioned Strategies
2) New Technologies
The three main types of Poison Gas
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its
pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic matter.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed
by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard gas - gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes
blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or external.
Krupp railroad gun “Big Bertha”-named after his wife / hard to locate on rail / could shoot
over 60 miles from behind German Lines
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The {Red Baron}”]
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't
know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools
when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark
water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud
and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes
in his hands. 'I know not who they are…'
"Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings
The Cause of the First World War& Map - Homework
• Answer the 10 Questions on sheet of paper
• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map
Due ______________