CHAPTER 27

Section 1: Setting the Stage for War

Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War

Section 3: The Russian Revolution

Section 4: The Terms of Peace

Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

World War I and the Russian Revolution

Big Question #1:How did World War I begin?

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Big Question #1: How did World War I begin?

Setting the Stage for War

Causes of World War I -page 6A. Quest for pride, power and land.B. Alliances brought many countries together as

friend and foesC. Serbian assassination of A/H Archduke

Ferdinand

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Gavrilo Princip

Little Question 1.a.:What alliances existed in Europe at the outbreak of World War I?

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Chap 27: SECTION 1Setting the Stage for War

France

Britain Russia

Italy

Austria-Hungary Germany

Triple Entente

(Allies)

Triple Alliance

(Central)

1907 1879

1904 1894 1882 1882

Opposing Alliances at Outbreak of War

Monday – Mar. 27th

Chap 27: SECTION 1Setting the Stage for War

Monday – APR 13th

Triple Entente – Allied PowersFrance – Premier Georges ClemenceauBritain – Prime Minister David Lloyd GeorgeRussia – Tsar Nicholas II & Vladimir LeninUnited States – President Woodrow WilsonItaly - Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

Triple Alliance – Central PowersGermany – Kaiser Wilhelm IIAustria – Emperor Franz Joseph I Hungary – Prime Minister, Stefan TiszaOttoman – Mehmed IV

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Map of the World with the Participants in World War 1. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange,

and neutral countries in grey.

Little Question 1.b.:Why did a Serbian assassinate the Archduke of Austria-Hungary?

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Little Question 1.b.:

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

a. Serbia wanted to create a large “slavic” nation that would include Bosnia and Herzegovina

b. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia into their empirec. Germany was trying to get the Ottoman Empire to help

Germany gain more territory and powerd. Serbia was feeling the pressure of these giant empires

all around them and wanted to prove to them that they would not be pushed around

e. The Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife were in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia

f. Shooting the heir to the throne of A/H sent a message of nationalism & independence.

Little Question 1.c.:How did the assassination of an Archduke turn into a world war?

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

Little Question 1.c.:

Setting the Stage for War

Chap 27: SECTION 1

Monday – Mar. 27th

a. Russia backed Serbiab. Germany backed A/H and declared war on Russia

and Francec. Britain backed France and declared war on

Germanyd. Japan sided with Britain in hopes of gaining

German territory in Asiae. Italy signed a secret treaty with the Entente and

joined the war against Germany & A/Hf. Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Germany & A/H

SECTION 2

Big Question #2:What were the advantages of both the Central and Allied Powers?

World War I: A New Kind of War

SECTION 2World War I: A New Kind of War

more soldiers

Advantages of the Central Powers

territory that extended from the North Sea to the Middle East

Advantages of the Allied Powers

Germany’s powerful army

greater industrial capacity

Britain’s navy

rapid communications and movement

SECTION 2

Little Question 2.a.:How did new technology affect the way in which World War I was fought?

World War I: A New Kind of War

SECTION 2

Military Technology pg 10

World War I: A New Kind of War

TechnologyTechnology Its Effect Remedy•U-boat many boats sunk mines & torpedoes•Poison gas death & deformation gas masks•Machine gun Machine gun many soldiers deaths better armor & tanks•Balloons reconnaissance anti-aircraft guns, planes•Airplane recon & bombing mounted machine guns •Tanks protect from machine larger bombs & missiles

guns & barbed wire

SECTION 2

Big Question #3:Why did Russia sign the Peace Treaty with Germany?

Russian Revolution

Chap 27: SECTION 3

Thursday – Mar. 30th

Big Question #3:Why did Russia sign the Peace Treaty with Germany?

Russian Revolution

Chap 27: SECTION 3

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• Lost half of its army• Poor economy• Revolution at home

Little Question 3.a.:What events led to the Russian Revolution?

Russian Revolution

Chap 27: SECTION 3

Thursday – Mar. 30th

•Poverty•Poor performance in war•Suppression of democracy•Weak Duma

Little Question 3.b.:How did the Communists come to power?

Russian Revolution

Chap 27: SECTION 3

Thursday – Mar. 30th

Lenin and the Bolsheviks•Appealed to the poor Russian masses•Formed basis of communism

Little Question 3.c.:How did the Russian Revolution affect Russia’s participation in WWI?

Russian Revolution

Chap 27: SECTION 3

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers

• Communists fought socialist opposition

SECTION 4

The Terms of Peace

September October November

Germans are stopped at the Marne River

Bulgaria surrenders

Turks ask for peace

Austria-Hungary stops fighting, forms separate governments

German Kaiser abdicates, German republic is announced

Germany signs armistice

The End of the War: September-November, 1918

Outcomes of WWIOrder of those that surrendered

1917 – Russia – signed peace treaty with Germany1918 – Bulgaria

- A/H – becomes 2 separate countries- Ottoman Empire – splits up

- Turkey – independent country- Britain takes: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan - France takes: Lebanon and Syria

- Germany – lost all colonies around the world

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

SECTION 4

Little Question 4.a.:Define the Fourteen points

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• 6 points that ensure a safer war - see page714• 8 points that deal specifically with regions or

countries-following slide

Little Question 4.a.: Define the Fourteen points

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• Points 1-61) No secret treaties; 2) freedom of the seas for all nations; 3) removal of all economic barriers, such as tariffs; 4) reduction of national armaments;5) adjustment of colonies 6) establishment of “League of Nations” to guarantee

political independence and protection to small and large states alike.

Little Question 4.a.: Define the Fourteen points

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• Points 7-14VII. Restoration of BelgiumVIII. Restoration of all French landsIX. Clearly define the border of Italy X. The development of a democracy in Austria-Hungary XI. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuatedXII. Turkey should be liberatedXIII. A free Polish stateXIV. A general association of nations (League of Nations)

Little Question 4.b.:How was the Paris Peace Conference received?

The Terms of Peace

Chap 27: SECTION 4

Thursday – Mar. 30th

• U.S. wanted fair rules, & did not want to anger Germany into another conflict

• European Allies wanted to punish Germany to pay for the damages, and make sure Germany never became strong enough again to start another war.

• The Central Powers and Russia had little or no say

Big Question #5:How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court?

Creating a “New” Europe

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

SECTION 5

Creating a “New” Europe

League of Nations World Court

Secretariat

CouncilPermanent MembersRotating Members

Assembly

An independent body that

would determine cases of

international law

Little Question 5.a.:What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Creating a “New” Europe

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

Germany:•No draft•Maximum of 100,000 men•No heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines•Pay reparations - $33 billion

Little Question 5.b.:

How were territories divided after the war?

Creating a “New” Europe

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

Little Question 5.b.:How were territories re-divided after the war?

Creating a “New” Europe

Chap 27: SECTION 5

Friday – Mar. 31st

•Germany lost land to Poland•Austria lost land to Czechoslovakia•Czechoslovakia was created•Yugoslavia was created from Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina•Hungary lost land to Romania, Poland Russia

Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 27

1. What role did propaganda play in World War I?

2. How did World War I affect relations between the world’s great powers?

3. How was industry affected by World War I?

1. What role did propaganda play in World War I?

2. How did World War I affect relations between the world’s great powers?

3. How was industry affected by World War I?