world trends of nuclear applications for industry ... · 1. plant growth promoter oligo-chitosan...

Sueo Machi, Advisor to WERC

FNCA Coordinator of Japan Fellow, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Former DDG-NA, IAEA

World Trends of Nuclear Applications for Industry,

Agriculture, Health and Environmental Protection

Fukui-IAEA Int. Mtg. HRD, Mar. 19-20, 2014, Fukui, Japan

１. Improving industry

２．Improving agricultural production

３．Better healthcare

4. Protecting environment

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Fukui-IAEA Int, Mtg.Mar.19-20, 2014,

Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Nuclear Power and Nuclear

Sciences/Applications Are Two Important

Areas of Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy

Major Applications

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The 1st IAEA Conference on “Large

Radiation Source” was held in Poland

in 1959

IAEA was established

in 1957 being based on

President Eisenhower's

“Atoms for Peace” Speech


Tsuruga, . S. Machi

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46%

54%

Economic Scale of Nuclear Technology

of Japan in 2005

Power generation Radiation/isotope

Published by MEXT

JY8.8trillion

(US$84b)

Radiation/isotope is competitive with

nuclear power generation in economic scale

Industrial Application US$ 21.9 Billion Medical Application US$ 14.7 Billion Agricultural Application US$ 2.7 Billion

Improving Industry by Nuclear

Technology

Radiation processing for value added

products and environmental protection

Nucleonic control system for efficient

process: Gauging for production line

Radiography for non-destructive testing

(NDT)

Isotope tracer technique for chemical

engineering study for improving plant design

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Industrial application of radiation processing

Major fields of application

Producing value added products by

efficient and sustainable manner using

radiation

Sterilizing pathogenic microorganism

contaminating medical products and foods

to avoid infectious desease

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Improving Plastics by Radiation Cross-

linking: Largest Commercial Application

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Cross-linked polymer can improve

Heat resistance

Chemical resistance

Mechanical strength

Abrasion resistance

Network structure with

very high molecular weight

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Electron accelerator for cross-linking of wire

insulation (Nuclear Malaysia with JICA support)

Number of electron accelerator:

Worldwide:1400 for industry,1000 for research(IAEA)

Radiation Crosslinking of Wire Insulation to Improve

Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical Properties

Merits of Radiation (EB)

Processing:

Simple and high speed

processing : irradiation of

polymer insulated wire at room

temperature in air

Products have excellent heat

resistance

Chemical process can’t be

applied for thin wire

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Crosslinking of

rubber to control

flow properties

Memory Effect by

cross-linking

Heat shrinkable tubes and sheets Automobile tires

Radiation Crosslinking is Essential for Tire Production

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

隔膜＋極活物質（Ag 2 O）

パッキング

Separator

極活物質（Zn）－

極缶＋

極キャップ－

Button Battery of Silver Oxide Type

Polyethylene thin film (10μm) by radiation graft-

polymerization of acrylic acid

（１０μm）

Production: 1 Billion/year in Japan

AAc grafted PE film

Battery Separator Membrans by Radiation Grafting

Irradiation of Polyethylene Film

Inside of irradiation

chamber

Radical formation by EB

EB accelerator

Yuasa Membrane Systems Co., Ltd.Yuasa Membrane Systems Co., Ltd.

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Hydro-gel Wound Dressing

1.Healing is faster

2.Changing the dressing without pain

3.Transparency

ADVANTAGES

PVA

Hydrogel

Water

soluble

polymer

Treatment for 13 days

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Curing of Coating and Printing by Electron

Accelerator

EB processing has following advantages over UV or thermal curing :

- Higher hardness and scratch resistance

- Higher chemical resistance

- Less energy consumption

- Non-solvent process

Efficient Sterilization by Radiation

Sterilization of:

- Medical supplies to avoid infectious disease

- Plastic (PET) bottles of drinks and food packages at high speed (new application in Japan)

By both Co-60 and electron accelerator

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Sterilization of Medical Products

Efficient Processing by Electron Accelerator

- High speed processing

- Larger capacity

Energy: 5-10 MeV

Capacity: 10-100kW

No replenishment of

radiation source

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

New Technology for Sterilization of Plastic

(PET) Bottles of Drinks by Electron

Accelerator (Japan)

In line sterilization

for filling process

No residual

chemicals

Running cost

reduction by 10-25 %

Compact system-

less space

Advantages

Accelerator 300 keV

Capacity: 600 bottles of 500 ml

per minute

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Improving Agricultural Production by

Nuclear Technology

3000 Better Varieties by Mutation Breeding

Barley of Early Maturity in High Land of Peru

(IAEA)

•Higher yield

•Disease resistant

•Early maturity

•Drought resistant

•Dwarf

•Salt resistant

Mutation Breeding of Banana for Disease Resistance

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Control Mutant variety

Bangladesh, Malaysia,

Philippines, Vietnam

developed disease

resistant variety for

Banchy Top Virus

under field test

Orchid: Malaysia

Developed promising

mutant resistant for ｔｈｒｉｐｓ

FNCA Project on Mutation Breeding

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Mexico, Chile, a part of

Peru, California, A part of

Argentina, Madeira Island

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to

Eradicate or Control Insect Pestｓ

30 % of foods lost by insect pests

Large amount of pesticide used to control insects

pests polluting environment and damaging species diversity

Med flies are eradicated or

controlled by SIT in many

countries

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Stocking

puppet

Irradiation facility of

puppet by Co-60

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) To

Eradicate or Control Insect Pestｓ

Puppet

1. Plant Growth Promoter

Oligo-chitosan produced by

radiation degradation: Used

for red chili, rice, tomato,

potato, carrot: Yield increase

by 5-50% (Oligo-chitosan,

Commercial in Vietnam,

semi-commercial in Malaysia,

Indonesia, Japan)

2. Super water absorbent (SWA) for agriculture in semi-arid/arid areas:

AAc grafted starch by radiation field tests in Vietnam and Thailand showed increasing yield

50% yield

increase

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Better Agriculture by

Radiation Processed Natural Polymers

Control


Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Radiation produced oligochitosan enhances

growth rate of seedling of rice (FNCA Malaysia)

Treated with oligochitosan

Treated with oligochitosan Treated with commercial product

With commercial product

Results in

2010

Yield increase:

24% to be

confrimed

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Bio-Fertilizer of Rhizobium

Carrier of bio-fertilizer is sterilized by radiation

Commercial production in Malaysia and Philippines with Rhizobium

Mungbean Soybean

without Rhizobium Environmentally

friendly

Less expensive

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Fukui-IAEA Int, Mtg.Mar.19-

20, 2014, Tsuruga, . S.

Machi

Soil Microbiology Research Group Soil Science Division Department of Agriculture Increase in Yield and Income by Application

of Rhizobium Biofertilizer (Thailand, ‘07)

25,650 52.2 Dry, 2536

Chiang Rai

Sweet pea

30,875 25.6 Dry, 2536

Udonthani

Yard long bean

3,718.75 34.0 Rainy, 2534

Ubonratchathani

Peanut

4,056.25 49.4 Rainy, 2534

10 plots

Soybean

Increased income

(baht/ha)

Increased yield

(%)

Season,

Location

Host plant

(Chirasak, 2000)

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Irradiation of potatoes for sprout inhibition in Japan by

Co-60 (8,000 ton/year): The world first food irradiator

Food Irradiation Expanding Worldwide

-Sprout inhibition:

Garlic, Potatoes,

Onions

-Disinfection:

Spices, Shrimps

Sausage, Beef,

-Disinfestation:

Citrus, Mangos,

Papaya, Cucumber

500,000 tons/year

Irradiated onion for inhibiting sprouting for longer

storage

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Food Irradiation Decreasing Post Harvest Loss

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World total of irradiated foods ca. 500,000 ton China : Garlic, Dried vegetables, etc. 146,000 ton

Vietnam : Frozen shrimps, etc. 14,000 ton

Japan : Potatoes 8,000 ton

USA : Spices, Ground meats, Fruits 92,000 ton

Ukraine: Wheat grain 70,000 ton

Brazil: Spices, Fruits 23,000 ton

South Africa : Spices 18,000 ton

Belgium : Spices, Frozen chicken 7,000 ton

Others: ca.120,000 ton

Increasing Irradiated Food for Better Life Permitted in 57 countries

180 gamma irradiators & a dozen EB accelerators


Tsuruga, . S. Machi

• Cancer killed 7.9 million people in 2007

• 72% of these deaths occurred in developing countries

Cancer Affects Us All

Access of radiotherapy

Is very limited in

Developing countries

Protocol Study for Radiation Therapy of

Uterine Cervix Cancer・Head/neck Cancer

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Advanced uterine cervix cancer treated by new

protocol (CRT) 5-y survival 72% (40% by RT)

Before After

Standard

Protocol in

Indonesia,

Malaysia,

Thailand.

Fukui-IAEA Int, Mtg.Mar.19-

20, 2014, Tsuruga, . S.

Machi

Challenge: Dissemination

to all hospitals in MCs

WS held in China,

Jan. 2012

Advanced Technology for Cancer Therapy by

Heavy Ion Beam Facility in Japan (NIRS)

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Lung Cancer: One Treatment by Carbon-12 ion

71years old Female(扁平上皮がん） by NIRS

18 mo after CIRT C B A

Before treatment After treatment 32


Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Proton Therapy Center: Fukui Prefectural Hospital

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Solid tumors of head and neck, lungs, liver, prostate, etc.

Number of treated patients: 449 as of Jan. 2014

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

PET for Advanced Nuclear Medicine

PET camera PET-CT image

(ovarian cancer)

Cyclotron

300 PETs in Japan

Early diagnosis of cancer:

Extending in developing countries

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Removal efficiency: SO2 90% Absorbed dose: 10~15hGy

Temp: 65~70℃

Stack

Fertilizer

Electron beam gun

Byproduct

collector

Process vessel

Power supply

Spray

cooler

Process water

Flue gas

Innovative Technology for Cleaning Flue Gases

by Electron Beams

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Industrial Electron Beam Flue Gas

Treatment (EBFGT) Plant in Poland

EB Accelerator:

700 keVx375 mA 4 unit

Treatment Capacity:

270,000 m3/h from coal

power plant of 100 MW

Significant suppoer by

IAEA and Gov, Japan

EBFGT (Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment)

Industrial Plant in Poland

EBFGT installed in

Pomorzany thermal power

station burning coal in

Szczecin (north Poland) is in

operation

Treatment Capacity:

270,000 m3/h

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90 MWe, 300,000 m3/h flue gas

SO2 removal 80%

NOx removal 20%

Ebara Co. installed industrial plant of flue

gas treatment in Chengdu, China in 1997

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

Industrial Plant of Waste Water Treatment

by Electron Beams (Korea) (2006)

Cleaning waste water

from fabric dyeing

factory in Tegu city

Capacity:

10,000m3/day

Electron accelerator:

1Mev, 500kW

Conclusion

Both nuclear power and radiation/isotope applications

should be expanded for sustainable development

Nuclear techniques should be much more expanded

in developing countries in the areas of industry and

agriculture through international cooperation of

technology transfer

Radiation treatment of cancer and nuclear medicine

for early diagnosis of cancer should be much more

widely used for improving health care

R/D should be further enhanced for increasing the

applications of nuclear techniques

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Tsuruga, . S. Machi

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