World HistoryChapter 5C

Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age

Pericles’ Three Goals for Athens

• Strengthen Athenian Democracy• Hold and strengthen the Empire• Glorify Athens

Pericles

Stronger Democracy

• Increased the number of paid public officials

1. More citizens became engaged in self-government

2. Political rights were still limited to those with citizenship status

• He introduced Direct Democracy-citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Athenian Empire

• Pericles used the Delian League’s treasury to build 200 warships and made Athens the strongest navy in the Mediterranean

• The navy controlled waterways and trade

Athenian Trireme

Glorify Athens

• Pericles used the Delian League’s money without their approval to beautify Athens

• All works on the Acropolis were built this way including the Parthenon

Parthenon

Greek Styles in Art

• Greek sculptures

1. Phidias-Greatest Greek sculpture and creator of the statues of Athena for the Parthenon and Zeus for Olympia

2. Phidias’ work characterizes Greek classical art in the values of order, balance, and proportion

Athena

Zeus

Greek Drama

• The Greeks invented drama and built the first theaters in the west

• Theaters were expressions of civic pride and a tribute to the gods

Greek Amphitheaters

Greek Theater is Divided into Two Parts-Tragedy and Comedy

• Tragedy- Serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal

-Key Writers-Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides

• Comedy

-Scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor

-Key Writer-Aristophanes

Spartans and Athenians Go To War

• Peloponnesian War

1. In 431 B.C., Sparta declared war on Athens over a dispute of one of its Colonies

2. Pericles attempted to avoid land battles with Sparta and Sparta avoided sea battles

3. Sparta eventually invaded Athenian lands

Plague

• Plague strikes Athens in the second year of the war and Pericles is among those that die. 2/3 of Athens population dies from plague

1. 27,000 Athenians are also lost in a campaign against Syracuse, Sicily

2. In 404 B.C. Athens surrenders

Greek Philosophers Search for Truth

• Greek Philosophy is based on two assumptions:

1. The Universe (land, sky and sea)is put together in an orderly way and subject to absolute and unchanging laws

2. People can understand these laws through logic and reason

Sophists

• They questioned peoples beliefs and ideas about justice, and other traditional values

-Leading proponent was Protagoras

-”Man is the measure of all things”

Protagoras

Socrates

• He was a critic of the Sophist• He believed that absolute standards did exist

for truth and justice• “The unexamined life is not worth living”• He was condemned to death for corrupting the

young

Socrates

Plato

• He was a student of Socrates’• He wrote down his conversations with Socrates• He Wrote The Republic

-It sets forth his vision of a perfectly governed society

-His government has citizens fall naturally into three groups: farmers,

artisans/warriors and the ruling class

-He believed in a philosopher-king

Plato

Aristotle

• He was a student of Plato’s• He invented a nature of arguing according to

rules of logic• His work provides the basis of the scientific

method today• His most famous student was Alexander the

Great

Aristotle

TA5D

Read Pages 140-145

Copy & Define Terms on Page 145

Copy & Answer Questions 15 & 16 on Page 150