world history chapter 5b warring city-states. rule and order in greek city-states city-states...
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World HistoryChapter 5B
Warring City-States
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Rule and Order in Greek City-States
• City-states (polis) were fundamental political units of Greece
• Greek political structures
-Monarchy-Kings rule
-Aristocracy-Rule by a small group of landowners
-Oligarchy-Government ruled by a few powerful people (wealthy merchants
and artisans)
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A New Kind of Army Emerges
• The army uses iron weapons• All members of society are in the army• They march side by side, holding a spear in
one hand, shield in the other forming a Phalanx
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Phalanx
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Sparta Builds a Military State
• Sparta conquers Messenia and makes them helots-peasants forced to stay on the land they farmed
• Spartan Government and society:
-An Assembly-all free adult males
-Council of Elders-propose laws that the assembly votes on
-Ephors-elected officials that carry out laws
Sparta had two kings at a time
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Spartan Society was Built on the Military
• Boys were sent to the army at the age of 7• The Spartans valued duty, strength, and
discipline
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Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
• Athenian reformers try to create a Democracy-rule by the people
• Only adult free males were citizens• Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded• Solon reforms laws
-New legal concept declares citizens could charge wrongdoers
-He encouraged trade which made Athens powerful
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Solon the Law Giver
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The Persian Wars
• Greek colonies in Asia Minor (Turkey) are attacked by Persia-Athens tries to help
• In 490 B.C. King Darius attacks Athens and its allies and is defeated at the Battle of Marathon
• Darius’ son Xerxes attacks again in 480 B.C. The Persians are defeated at the sea Battle of Salamis and the land Battle of Plataea
• The Delian League is formed by 140 City-States-Athens is the leader
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Battle of Thermopile
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TA5C
Read Pages 134-139
Copy & Define terms on Page 139
Copy & Answer Questions 13 & 14 on Page 150