world geography todaychapter 16 southern europe and the balkans preview section 1: the iberian...
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World Geography Today Chapter 16
Southern Europe and the Balkans
Preview
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Chapter Wrap-Up
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Read to Discover
• How have past events affected Spain?
• How is Portugal both similar to and different from Spain?
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• Great seafaring country, spreading language and religion around the world
• Ruled by various peoples—Romans, Moors, Christians—who brought religion, irrigation, new crops, crafts, trades, universities
• Built world empire in 1500s
• Shaken by wars in 1800s and 1900s
• Civil war in 1936 led to Franco dictatorship
• Constitutional monarchy today; 17 regions have different levels of autonomy
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Effect of History on Spain
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Question
What are the similarities and differences between Spain and Portugal?
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Spain
Portugal
Early History
Romans, Moors
Romans, Moors
Language ReligionColonial
TerritoriesRecent History Economy
Spanish (Latin root), Basque, Catalan
Portuguese (Latin root)
Catholicism
Catholicism
Americas, Pacific, Africa
Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Timor
Democratic transition, independence movements, immigration
European Union, democracy, immigration
Tourism, textiles, autos, agricultural products
Tourism, cork, wine
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Comparison of Spain and Portugal
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Read to Discover
• How has Italy’s history affected its culture?
• What is Italy like today?
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Romans
Huge empire; developed language,
laws, architecture;
spread Christianity
Middle Ages
Trade in cities like Florence,
Genoa, and Venice;
increased wealth
Unification
Tremendous growth in economy
and industry; membership
in NATO and EU
RenaissanceRenewed interest in
learning; great developments in architecture, painting, and
sculpture
HISTORIC ITALY
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
World Geography Today Chapter 16
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Economy
Agricultural and manufactured products sold
around the world (automobiles,
designer clothes, fine food); north: rich, industrial; south: poorer,
agricultural
MODERN ITALY
Culture
Roman Catholic; Italian language; some
northerners speak French, German, or
Slovene; food: sauces, pastas, sausages, pastries; afternoon
rest; famous historical buildings; democracy
Current Issues
Southern Italy’s economy with
high poverty and unemployment; soil erosion and deforestation;
aging population; low birthrate;
pollution
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• Roman Empire left strong cultural legacy—Language, laws, architecture
• Growth of Roman Catholic Church had major impact
• Trade and wealth of Italian cities in Middle Ages produced Renaissance art and culture
• Many foods can be traced to the 1400s
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Effects of History on Italian Culture
World Geography Today Chapter 16
The Capital of Italy, Rome
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Ferrari, Italian Sports car (mine’s in the shop)
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• Modern developed country
• Noted exports—Cars, fashion, foods
• Two main economic regions—Industrial, wealthy north; poorer, agricultural south
• Main cities—Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Bologna, Florence, Trieste, Venice, Naples
• Challenges—Developing the south; aging population; pollution
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Italy Today
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Read to Discover
• How did Greece develop into a modern country?
• Why are the western Balkans politically unstable?
• What changes are occurring in the eastern Balkans?
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Question
How have the economy, society, and government of Greece changed over time?
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Government
Historically, independent city-
states; birthplace of democracy; controlled
by Romans and Ottoman Turks;
military rule after 1967; democracy since
1974
GREECE
Economy
Once poor and agricultural, now modernizing and industrializing;
joined EC in 1981; rapid
urbanization causing pollution
Society and CultureIncorporated foreign
influences; great contributions to the arts, government,
philosophy, science, and sports; higher levels of education;
increasing opportunities
for women
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• Include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro
• Political instability in the western Balkans results from a long history of invasions, foreign control, and ethnic conflict.
• Area has one of the most diverse human populations in Europe.
• Ottoman Turks controlled much of the area by the late 1300s.
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• After World War I, various Slavic peoples (including the Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes) united as Yugoslavia.
• Communist rule maintained unity after World War II.
• End of communism allowed revival of ethnic and political rivalries.
• Yugoslavia split up; violence erupted between Serbs, Croats, Muslims, and Albanians.
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans (continued)
World Geography Today Chapter 16
• Many changes are taking place since the collapse of communism, during the difficult transition to democracy and free-market economies.
• Moldova—Struggling agricultural economy
• Bulgaria—Seeking to attract modern industries
• Romania—Trying to expand and diversify economy
• Common Problems—Low standard of living, health care, clean water, housing, emigration
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Eastern Balkans
World Geography Today Chapter 16
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1. How have events in Spain’s history influenced other areas of the world?
2. How does Portugal’s history mirror Spain’s?
3. Which of Italy’s two major regions is the richest and most industrialized? Why?
4. How has urbanization contributed to environmental problems in Greece?
5. What factors have shaped the boundaries of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro)?