world checklist of the genus cardamine l. (draft 1)

World checklist of the genus Cardamine L. (Draft 1) 1,2Marhold, K., 1Kučera, J., 1Zozomová-Lihová, J. & 3Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava,

Slovak Republic

2Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic

3Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. 63166-0299

Comments on this draft should be sent to: [email protected]

Acknowledgements: We acknowledge financial support provided by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project no. RPEU-0003-06, to Karol Marhold). Distribution data follow: Brummitt, R. K. (2001): World geographical scheme for recording plant distributions. Edition 2. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. For references to the chromosome number reports see: Marhold, K. & Kučera, J., Karyological database of the genus Cardamine, available at http://www.cardamine.sav.sk/ Cardamine adriatica Jar. Kučera, Lihová & Marhold, Taxon 59: 161 (2010).

Ind. loc.: “Dalmatien “Urulia” [near D. Brela village] v. Welden” – Type: unknown – the original material was most likely destroyed in 1849 during the great Zwinger fire (Stafleu & Cowan, 1983); Neotype (Kučera et al. 2010): Croatia, Biokovo Mts., Baška Voda, village of Bast, 43°21´31´´N, 16°59´18´´E, 398 m a. s. l., 24.IV.2003, J. Kučera & M. Kolník s.n. (SAV!).

≡ Pteroneurum bipinnatum Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 676. 1830–1832 (non C. bipinnata (C.A. Mey.) O.E. Schulz 1903)

≡ C. maritima f. bipinnata (Rchb.) Sagorski in Österr. Bot. Z. 61: 18. 1911 ? = Pteroneurum microphyllum J. Presl & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 1: 237. 1822 Ind. loc.: “Hab. in arenosis maritimis Dalmatiae prope Capo Cesto [Primošten]” – Type: unknown.

− “C. microphylla” J. Presl & C. Presl, Delic. Prag. 1: 15, 1822 non Adams., nec (Willd.) O.E. Schulz, nom. inval. [Art. 34.1(a); McNeill & al., 2006].

Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Kučera et al., 2010) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-CR Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Croatia: Velebit Mts.: Velebit, s.d., K. Malý (W); In saxosis ad Karlobag, 3.VI.1890, L. Stipetić (ZA); in litt. Croat. supra Karlobag, 7.VII.1896, Lj. Rossi (ZA); Velebit, ab Carlopago [Karlobag], 10.VI., s. coll. (PRC); Dalmatia: prope Carlopago [Karlobag], s.d., K. Malý (CL); auf dem Velebit bei Carlopago [Karlobag], 10.VI.1895, G. Beck (PRC); Croatia: Karlopago [Karlobag], VII.1836, L.F. Vukotinović (W); Flora Croatica, ad Karlobago, s.d., J.C. Schlosser (WU); Kod Karlobaga, s.d., L.F. Vukotinović & J.C. Schlosser 852 (ZA); Dalmatia: Velebit, Velika Paklenica,

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Starigrad, 26.VII.1906, A. Degen (PRC); Kroatien, Velebit, Velika Paklenica bei Starigrad, Engstelle der Schlucht, schutt, 120–150 m, 21.IV.1979, E. Vitek (W); Flora Dalmatica: Velebit in rupiorum fissuris Prosena supra Golubič, 13.IX.1913, A. Degen (ZA); Flora von Jugoslawien, Kroatien, Velebit-gebirge, an der Küstenstraße südlich von Jablanac, 22.VI.1968, M. Bässler & I. Quasdorf 1222 (B); ad Vranjak, Jablanac, 6.VII.1896, Lj. Rossi (ZA); Kroatien, Prizna, 20.V.1971, F. Kummert (W); Velebit: in monte Pavelič Kuk, in Šugarska duliba, 1084 m, 14.VII.1909, Lj. Rossi (ZA); Velebit: Stolačka Peč in Šugarska Duliba, 14.VII.1909, Lj. Rossi (ZA); Mosor Mts.: Spalato (Spljet) [Split]: im Mosor am Felsen, 800 m, 29.V.1895, G.A. Poscharsky (CL); Dalmatien, Mt. Mosor, 1869, K. Malý (W); Mosor, s.d., Fr. Petter (PRC); Dalmatien: Gebirgspflanze, an Kalkfelsen auf dem Berge Mossor bei Spalato [Split], V., Fr. Petter (CL, W, ZA); Jugoslavia: Spalato [Split], IV.1903, Fr. Petter (K); Flora Dalmatica exsiccata, an Kalkfelsen auf dem Berge Mossor bei Spalato [Split], V., Fr. Petter (PR); Mosor bei Spalato [Split], V., Fr. Petter (PR); Dalmatien: Spalato [Split], s.d., Fr. Petter (W, WU, BEOU); Dalmatien: Mosor bei Split, Karstregion, Felsheide, Kalk, 1100 m, 13.VII.1964, F. Krendl (W); Spalato [Split] in Dalmatien, s.d., Regel (Z); Ad rup. calcar. montis Mossor pr. Spalato [Split] in Dalmatia, V., Bentych? (Z); Süd Dalmatien, Spalato [Split], s.d., M. Tommasini (B); In montosis Mosor in Dalmatia, s.d., I.I. Schiffner (B); Spalato [Split], s.d., J.C. Equitis-Pittoni & Dannenfeldt (W); Dalmatien: Mosor, auf Felsen am Gipfel des Ljubljan, 22.VI.1927, E. Korb (W); Mt. Ljubljan, V., Fr. Petter (W); auf Felsen, am Weg von Almissa [Omiš] nach den Mühlen an der Cettina, auf dem Berge Ljubljan, und in anderen nördlichen Gegenden des Mossor Gebirges, s.d., Fr. Petter (W); auf Felsen, am Wege von Almissa [Omiš] nach den Mühlen an der Cettina, auf dem Berge Lubljan, und in anderen nördlichen Gegenden des Mossor Gebirges, V., Herbarium Heer (Z); Cettinie, s.d., M. Sardagna (WU); Dalmatien: Mossor planina, nächst dem Sattel kote 1089 m, südöstlich der Ljubirna, 9.VI.1908, E. Janchen (WU); Planina Mosor, Doman staje, 12.VIII.1990, D. Vladović (ZA); Biokovo Mts.: M. Biokovo, s.d., M. Sardagna (WU); Biokovo, 1400 m, VI.1911, A. Teyber (WU); Biokovo, beim Einstieg nach Makarska, 28.VI.1927, E. Korb (W); Flora Croatica, Biokovo, Kuranik – Sv. Ilja, 28.VII.1940, I. Horvat (ZAHO); Flora Croatica, Biokovo, Pod Vošćem, 26.VII.1940, I. Horvat (ZAHO); Kroatien, Dalmatien, Brela, übergang nach Ober-Brela, VI.1980, G. Fitz (W); Dalmatien, Brela, westwärts der Bauernburg (aber Fruchtklappen nicht Zurückrollend), mitte VI.1977, G. Fitz (W); Biokovo, vapenačka mjesta iznad mesta Soline-Brela, 430 m, 16.VI.1956, R. Domac (ZA). Cardamine alpina Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 481 (1800).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in alpibus Helvetiae, Sabaudiae, Delphinatus, Carinthiae (v.s.).” Type: ≡ Cardamine bellidifolia subsp. alpina (Willd.) B.M.G.Jones, Feddes Repert. 69: 59 (1964). Chromosome number: n=8 (Tischler G., 1950 – without locality) 2n=16 (Manton I., 1932 – without locality) Distribution: Europe: 11. GER; 12. FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP; 13. AUT-AU, ITA-IT, SWI. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Huesca, Aneto, 2660-2700 m, 17.8.1984, P. & J.Montserrat (JACA); Spain: Barranco del Portet-Collado Fenás, calcosquitstos y granitos Sallent de Gállego, Huesca, 2400-2660 m, 22.7.1993, L.Villar & J.A.Sesé (JACA); France: da Mandette, Lauret, Hautes Alpes Dauphiné, 8.1904, L.V.Lester-Garland (K); Italy: Longobardia super., Prov. di Sondrio, Bormio, in glareosis montis

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Leverone, alt. 2600-2900 m, 14.8.1908, M.Longa (K); Switzerland: Col de Grimsel, 17.8.1950, A.Lawalréc (K). Cardamine amariformis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26 (311): 324−325 (1912) 'amaraeformis'

[Rec. 60G.1a, McNeill et al. 2006]. Ind. loc.: “Hab. secus torrentes montis des diamantes 23. VI. 1906 n. 557 (Faurie) ibidem 18. VIII. 1902 (T. Uchiyama).” Type: LT (proposed): [Korea], secus torrentes montis des diamants, U. Faurie 557, 23.vi.1906 (TI!); isolectotype (P 00279344!). Other original material: Corea, Mt. Kongo-san [in Japanese], T. Uchiyama, 18.viii.1902 (TI!).

≡ C. fauriei Lév., Feddes Repert. 10: 350 (1912) non Franch. (1888), nom. illeg. Ind. loc.: “Corea: secus torrentes montis ’des diamants’, 23 jun. 1906 (Urb. Faurie,

557).” Type: LT (proposed): [Korea], secus torrentes montis des diamants, U. Faurie 557,

23.vi.1906 ( TI!) − C. yezoensis auct. non Maxim.: Y. N. Lee, Fl. Korea: 256 (1996). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. PRM; 36. CHN, CHM; 38. KOR-NK, KOR-SK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Ussuri: Tatrskij Strait, coast of De-kastri bay, 1913, Logousov (LE); Ussuri: Botča valley, 1924, Šiškin 78.301 (LE); Ussuri: Oktrabrskij prisk, 1962, Ogureeva (MHA); Ussuri: Tardoki-Jani Mts., 1963, Šaga (LE, MHA); Ussuri: Privabskoe Lake, 1966, Šipalova (MHA); Ussuri: Upper Bandžal, 1984, Šlothgauer (MHA); Korea: loc. Yungoksu (temple, alt 400 m) – Nogodan (peak alt. 1507 m), Toji myun, Goorae-gun, Junranam-do, 127°35É, 35°3Ń, 1000 m, 2.6.1984, J.Murata 16042 (TI); Korea: Kangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myun, Osek-oncheon, Sulak san, 800-1600 m, 4.7.1986, J.Murata & K.Sung-chul 21017 (TI). Cardamine acris Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 253, 254 (1843). ≡ Cardamine raphanifolia subsp. acris (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 512

(1903). Ind. loc.: “In regione Macedoniae et Serbiae australis: socialis in herbosis humudis et

ad rivulos m. Nidgé alt. 4400´-5500´ (substr. Marmor.), gregariae ad fontem m. Kobelitza juxta Mandram Weizensem alt. 4200´ (substr. Micasch.)!; in rivulo m. Kopaunik 5700ált (Friedr.).”

Type: LT - (Strid 1986:257): Ad fontem gregariae m. Kobelitza juxta Mandramt, s. a., Grisebach no. 943 (GOET).

Cardamine acris subsp. acris Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Ančev M., Marhold K. & Goranova M. 1997 – Bulgaria; Perný M., Tribsch A. &

Anchev M.E. 2004 - Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece) Distribution: Europe: 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, YUG-BH, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bosnia and Hercegovina: Ivan Planina, in locis vallis Hlboki potok prope Bradina, ca.1200 m, 24.5.1925, K.Maly (K); Serbia: Kosovo i Metohija, östl. Čakor-Pass, ca. 35 km westl. Peć, ca. 1540 m, 8.8.1976, E.Landolt 971 (ZT); Montenegro: Mt. Bertiscus, in jugo Čakor prope Andrijevica, ca. 1700-1800 m, 29.5.1958, K.H.Rechinger 19601 (K);

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Montenegro: In rivularibus montis Ljubovički Likan supra Štavnjica gorna pr Peč, ca.1800 m, 8.1914, D.K.Vandaz (PR); Bulgaria: In subalpinis ad rivum Demjanitsa, m. Pirin, 16.7.1929, N.Stojanoff, B.Stefanoff & T.Georgieff (K); Bulgaria: a paludosis ad fontem Catal Cosma, in st. Rila australis sub caucinem Carev vrch, ca. 2100 m, 19.6.1931, N.Stojanoff & T.Georgieff (BRNOU); Bulgaria: Balkan centr.-infra cacumina Baba, 1400 m, 2.5.1902, A.Tošev (SO, SOM); Bulgaria: Zapadna Stara Planina, do Brza reka pod vrh Midzhur, 1900 m, 20.5.1993, V.Vladimirov (SO); Albania: Erammos Range, above Ersekë, by hills on bare upper slopes, ca 5500 ft, 27.6.1933, A.H.G.Alston & N.Y.Sandwith 1938 (BM); Albania: Shemeri, NE of Elbazan, 3000 ft, 22.5.1935, R.V.Pennigton (K); Albania: Distrikt Kalis, Korab, an quellingen Orten der Čafa Korabit, ca.2200 m, 1.7.1918, Dörfler 755 (WU); Macedonia: Debar, montibus Korab, prope karaul Skrtac, ca. 2300 m, 15.7.1937, F.Weber (PR); Macedonia: Debar, montibus Korab, in pratis alpinis ripam fluminis, supra pag. Žirovnica, ca. 1900 m, 16.7.1937, F.Weber (BRNM); Macedonia: Pisodesion, common in wet meadows below beech woods, 4500 ft, 3.6.1932, A.H.G.Alston & N.Y.Sandwith 635 (BM); Greece: Nom. Florinis, Mt. Piperitsa, NNE of the summit, 1800-1850 m, 11.7.1981, Strid et al. 19046 (C, B); Greece: Phthiotis: Mt Oeta, 30.6.1935, F. Guiol 2387 (BM). Cardamine acris subsp. pindicola Perný et Marhold, Folia Geobot. 39(4): 422-423 (2004). Ind. loc.: “Greece, Ioanina, North Pindhos Mts., Metsovo, Katara Pass, ca. 2.5 km S of

Mt. Katara (1820m), before crossroad to Haliki.” Type: HT - (Perný et al. 2004: 423): 29.5.2002, Perný (SAV). - Cardamine pindicola Haussknecht, nom. inval. Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Perný M., Tribsch A. & Anchev M.E. 2004 - Greece) Distribution: Europe: 13. GRC. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Greece: Distr. Konitsa, Mt. Smolika, supra Kerasovo, 19.7.1896, A.Baldacci (BM); Greece: Shapdi Schopati, 7500 ft, 3.7.1937, E.K.Balls & W.B.Courlay B3478 (BM); Greece: in declivibus borealibus supra pagum Kerasovo, 1800 m, 9.7.1958, K.H.Rechinger 21076 (C, K, W); Greece: ad fontem „Thisino“, 2000 m, 9.7.1958, K.H.Rechinger 20823 (B, W); Greece: 10 km W of Samarina, 5 km S of the village Paraskevi, N-facing slopes, 1800-1850 m, 15.6.1976, P.Hartvig, C.Baden & S.G.Christiansen 5890 (C); Greece: W Macedonia, nom. Grevenon, Ep. Grevenon, the valley between Mt. Gomara and Mt. Vasilitsa, ca.7 km SW of Samarina, 1750 m, 24.6.1976, P.Hartvig, C.Baden & S.G.Christiansen 5275 (C), Greece: Pindus Tymphaeus, in summo montis Zygos (Lakmon veter.) supra Metzovo, alt. 4500-5000 ft, 7.1885, C.Haussknecht (JE); Greece: distr. Ioannina, ad confines Thessaliae, Montes Pindus, in jugo Katara supra Metsovo, ca. 1600-1800 m, 29.7.1956, K.H.Rechinger 18399 (K, W); Greece: Katara, 4 km NO of Metsovou, ca.1700 m, 3.7.1971, B.Aldén 1436 (C), Greece: Trikalon, Kalambakas, E of Katara Pass, ca.4 km E of the summit, 1400 m, 39°48Ń, 21°12É, 19.5.1985, A.Strid 24579 (C). Cardamine acris subsp. vardousiae Perný et Marhold, Folia Geobot. 39(4): 423 (2004). Ind. loc.: “Greece, Fokida, Vardousia Mts., ca. 6 km WSW of Athanasios Diakos, pass

between the hills 2340m and 2495m.” Type: HT - (Perný et al. 2004: 423): 23.6.2001, M.Perný & V.Kučera (SAV). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Perný M., Tribsch A. & Anchev M.E. 2004 – Greece) Distribution: Europe: 13. GRC. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Greece: Nom. Fokidos, Ep. Parnassidos, Mt. Vardousia, 3.5-4 km W of Athanasios Diakos, 1900 m, 38°42Ń, 22°08É, 11.6.1985, L.-

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Å.Gustavsson 9279 (C), Greece: Vardhousia-Massiv, Stavros, 1640-1750 m, 38°42Ń, 22°7É, 31.5.1988, Willing 4770 (B); Greece: Aetolia, M.Wardusia, 16.5.1899, C.Leonis 378 (B, BRNU, FI, MA); Greece: Nom. Phthiotidos, Mt. Iti, Aufstieg von Neochorion zum Berg Petrotos, 1700 m, 16.6.1982, I.Hagemann, H.Scholz & W.Schwarz 208 (B); Greece: 5 km E of Neochorion, ca.1900 m, 23.6.1986, L.-Å.Gustavsson 9835 (C), Greece: Iti-Massiv, 3.5 km S Ipati, 38°50Ń, 22°14É, 1430 m, 5.5.1991, Willing 14.443 (B); Greece: O Neohori, W Petrotos-Gipfel, Fuss des Petrotos, 38°47´0-30´Ń, 21°13´-10´30´É, 1370-1750 m, 7.6.1991, Willing 14.725a (B); Greece: Phthiotis, Mt. Oeta [Iti], 30.6.1935, F.Guiol 2387 (BM). Cardamine africana L., Sp. Pl. 2: 655 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Africa.” Type: LT - (Sjöstedt, 1975: 9): Hermann P., Paradisus batavus, 1698, p. 202. = Cardamine borbonica Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 657 (1807).

≡ Cardamine africana „proles“ borbonica (Pers.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 415 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Ins. Bourbon »du repos de Ľalleu et des hauts du Gol« leg. Commerson 1771, etiam simul (H. D.) .”

Type: = Cardamine holtziana Engl. & O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 416 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Africa orientalis in distr. Usambara inter Wambugu et Mlalo 1200 m alt.

legg. A. Engler et Holtz 6. 10. 1902 (H. B.) .” Type: = Cardamine javanica (Blume) Miq., Ill. Fl. Archip. Ind.: 17 (tab.10) (1871). ≡ Pteroneurum javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 51 (1825). Ind. loc.: “prope catarrhactas calidas montis Gede Provinciae Buitenzorg.” Type: = Cardamine ovata var. unijuga O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 558

(1929). Ind. loc.: “Colombia. Santader: “vicinity of La Baja” 3000m, woods along stream.” Type: HT: E.P.Kilip & A.Smith no. 18116 (GH); IT: (US).

= Cardamine chilensis DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 254 (1821). Ind. loc.:

Type: Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Koshy J.K. & Mathew P.M. – India; Jonsell 1976 – Tanzania; Morton 1993 -

Cameroon) Distribution: Africa: 22. NGA; 23. CMN, GGI-BI, GGJ-ST, RWA, ZAI; 24. ETH, SUD; 25. KEN, TAN, UGA; 26. ZAM, ZIM; 27. CPP; 29. COM, MAU, MCI, MDG, REU. Asia-Temperate: 35. YEM. Asia-Tropical: 40. IND, SRL; 43. NWG-PN; 42-43. Indonesia (SUM, MOL). Northern America: 79. MX. Southern America: 81. CUB; 82. VEN; 83. BOL, CLM, ECU; 84. BZ; 85. AGW-SA; CL, URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Africa: Tanzania: Tanganyika: Lushotho distr., 4 miles NE of Lusotho, 10.4.1955, R.B.Drummond & J.H.Hemsley (K); Tanzania: Lushotho distr., Mazumbai forest reserve, West Usambura Mts., 1500 m., 26.4.1975, F.N.Heeper & D.V.Field (K); Tanzania: Tanganyika, W. Usambaras, Mkusilusotho, 5600 ft., 19.8.1950, Verdcourt (K); Nigeria: N. Trusteeship Territory, Adamawa division, Vogel peak area, c. 2000 m., 12.12.1957, F.N.Hepper (K); Cameroon: British Cameroon, between Lyonga and Jongo above Mimba, 2900 ft., 24.3.1948, J.P.M.Brenan et al. (K); Cameroon: SW Cameroon, prov Bui division, Gazetteer: Elak, 3000 m., 10.6.1996, M.Etuge (K); Cameroon: SW Cameroon,

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prov. Bui division, Gazetteer: Summit of Mount Oku, 2950 m., 10.6.1996, S.Cable (K); Cameroon: SW Cameroon, prov Bui division, Gazetteer: KD towards Kilum, Oku, 3000 m., 10.6.1996, M.Etuge (K); Cameroon: Cameroun (YA), Province: NW, Division: Bui, Gazetteer: Elak, Mount Oku, 2700 m., 31.10.1996, P.Munyenyembe (K); Cameroon: Cameroun (YA), Province: NW, Division: Bui, Gazetteer: Elak, Mount Oku, 2500 m., 29.10.1996, B.Pillard (K); Cameroon: S.Cameroons: Bamenda Division, above 1200 m., 1958, F.N.Heeper (K); Ethiopia: Illubator prov., 30 km E of Yaiyo, on road to Bedelle, 1500 m., 26.12.1972, I.Friis et al. (K). Asia-Tropical: Sumatera: Sumatra: Siboeatan-Zuid-Rintis, 11.9.1941, H.Surbeck 533 (BM) [as Cardamine africana subsp. borbonica]; Sumatera: Sumatra: Dělěng Singkoet, north of Běrastagi, Karo Plateau, 1-5.2.1927, H.H.Barlett 6573 (K) [as Cardamine africana subsp. borbonica]; Sumatera: Sumatra: North Sumatra, Upper Mamas River valley expedition, c. 15 km W of Kutacane, 1250 m, 3°25Ń, 97°40É, 22.8.1979, J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 18359 (K) [as Cardamine africana subsp. borbonica]; Maluku: Moluccas: Seram Isl., C. Seram, Manusela National Park, between Hatume to Hoae Pass, 570-1200m, 17.11.1993, H.Kato, K.Ueda & U.Mahjar 578 (TI); Maluku: Manusela National Park, G. Binaia above Kanikeh village, 2800 m, 8.9.1987, G.Argent C87145 (K); Maluku: Manusela National Park, north side of Gunong Binaia, 1500 m, 12.9.1987, G.Argent C87177 (K); India: Palni (Pulney) Hills, Timilnadu (formerly Madras) state, loc. Dindigul, distr. Kodaikanal, Bombay shola, Bombay shola, 2100 m, 20.11.1985, K.M.Matthew, A.Usha & N.Rajendren 42878 (K); Sri Lanka: Ceylon: Foot trail from Ohiya to Horton Plains, Nuwara Eliya Distr., Central Prov., ca. 2400 m, 12.12.1970, N.Balakrishnan (K); Sri Lanka: Ceylon: Central prov., Nuwara Eliya Distr., Ohiya, under shade on rocks beside stream in secondary montane forest, ca. 1400 m, 15.5.1975, L.H.Cramer 4469 (K); Sri Lanka (Ceylon): Hakgala, Hakgala Bot. Gardens, 28.11.1981, Chien-chang Hsu 32433 (TI). Southern America: Bolivia: Yungas, 1890, A.Miguel Bang 227 (K); Ecuador: In Andibus Ecuadorensibus, 9.1857, R.Spruce 5378 (K, BM); Venezuela: Moritz, 7-8.1865, Caripe 369 (BM); Venezuela: Krust, 15-17.1.1865, Galipar 1104 (BM) [as Cardamine chilensis]; Venezuela: between Trujillo and Bocono, 2450 m, 21.1.1938, A.H.G.Alston 6502 (BM); Colombia: Boyacá, Pajarito, corregimiento de Corinto, 2200 m, 13.10.1967, G.Lozano et al. 900 (COL); Colombia: Cesar, Serranía de Perijá, Manuare, „El Cinco“, 72°57´W, 10°26Ń, 2640 m, 16.11.1993, M.Pardo et al 370 (COL); Colombia: Cundinamarca, Quetame a „Susumuco“, 1400 m, 24.8.1917, F.Pennell 1344 (NY); Colombia: Nariño, Samaniego, a 5 km de la cumbre Samaniego, Ancuya, 2200 m, 25.10.1986, O. de Benavides 7125 (PSO). Cardamine albertii O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10 (94): 342 (1928).

Ind. loc.: “Eastern Cordillera, Dept. Santader, Edge of Páramo de las Vegas, alt. 3300-3700m.” Type: HT: 20-21.12.1926, P.Killip & A.Smith no. 15595 (US).

= Cardamine alberti var. minor O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(94): 342 (1928). Ind. loc.: “Dept. Santader, western slope of Páramo Rico, alt. 3300-3600 m.” Type: HT: 15-19.1.1927, E.P.Killip & A.Smith no. 17766 (US); IT: (NY).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Colombia: Arauca, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, quebrada el playón, plan de San José, fondo pantanoso del valle, 3620 m, 9.6.1973, A.Cleef 10072 (COL); Colombia: Boyacá, Duitama, páramo de Belén, 3900 m, 30.9.1986, O.Range et al. 4049 (COL); Colombia: Cesar, Sierra del Perijá, „eastern of

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Manaure“, cerro Venado, 3200 m, 8.11.1959, J.Cuatrecasas & R.Romero-Castañeda 25110 (COL, NY, US); Colombia: Cundinamarca, páramo del Palcio, cabeceras del río Negro, km 19 de la carretera, 3400 m, 17.8.1972, A.Cleef 5153 (COL); Colombia: Meta, Páramo del Sumapaz, Cubarral, orilla de la laguna de la Guitarra, 3380-3420 m, 4.71981, S.Diaz-P. 2409 (COL); Colombia: Norte de Santader, „loso and vicinity (north of Toledo)“, 2200-2400 m, 6-7.3.1927, E.P.Killip & Smith 20371 (GH, MO, NY, US); Colombia: Quindió, La Lora „to Summit, new Quindio trail“, sin altura, 14.8.1922, E.P.Killip 9769 (GH, NY, US); Colombia: Santader, páramo de Romeral, 3800-4100 m, 29-30 ene 1927, E.P.Killip & Smith 18531 (GH, US); Colombia: Tolima, Santa Isabel, cordillera Central, valle del río Totarito, entre el Paso del Español y la Ermita, 3700 m, 9.2.1980, Díaz-P. & Jaramillo 1989 (COL). Cardamine altaica Lippmaa, Acta Inst. Horti Bot. Tartuensis 1: 6 (1926).

Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine altigena O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 479 (1929). Ind. loc.: “Nordöstl. Neu-Guinea: Saruwaged-Gebirge, 3600-4000m.” Type: Keysser no. 52 Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 43. NWG-IJ, NWG-PN. endemic Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine amara L., Sp. Pl.: 656 (1753). Ind. loc.: “In Europae septentrionalis nemoribus.” Type: LT - (Khatri 1989: 92): LINN no.835.17. = Cardamine umbrosa Lej., Fl. Spa 2: 63 (1813). Ind. loc.: “Prés de Malmedy.” Type: ≡ Cardamine amara var. umbrosa (Lej.) DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 255 (1821). ≡ Cardamine libertiana Lej., Rev. Fl. Spa: 135 (1824) (nom. illeg. – art. 63). = Cardamine crassifolia Opiz, Naturalientausch 11: 412 (1826). Ind. loc.: “Boëmiae in Sudetis ad rivulos im Reisengrund (Opiz Auth. Herb. no. 450,

8.1.1826).” Type: HT: Boëmiae in Sudetis ad rivulos im Reisengrund, 1812, Opiz (PR no.

321962). ≡ Cardamine amara var. crassifolia (Opiz) Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 453 (1892). = Cardamine amara var. foliolata Plocek, Sborn. Severočesk. Mus., Přír. Vědy 15:15 (1986). Ind. loc.: “Jizerské hory, prope vicum Lučany, in loco “Krähwinkel“ infra montem

Bramberk, secus rivum juxta Alnetum.” Type: HT: Jizerské hory, prope vicum Lučany, in loco “Krähwinkel“ infra montem

Bramberk, secus rivum juxta Alnetum, 1974, Plocek (LIM). Cardamine amara subsp. amara Chromosome number:

7

n=8 (Favarger C. 1965 – France; Rohweder H. 1937 - Germany) 2n=16 (Gadella Th.W.J. & Kliphuis E. 1963 – Netherlands; Gadella Th.W.J. & Kliphuis E.

1970 - France; Al-Bermani et al. 1993 – Great Britain; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1972, 1974 – Switzerland; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. 1977, 1978 – Switzerland; Banach-Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Sokolovskaya A.P. 1972 – Russia [Leningrad distr.]; Májovský et al. 1978 – Slovakia; Lippert W.& Heubl G.R. 1988 – Germany; Semerenko L.V. 1985 – Belarus; Dmitrieva S.A. 1985 – Belarus; Manton I. 1932 – France; Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, France; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia, Ukraine [Jaroslavskaya, Ivano-Frankovskaya, Zakarpatskaya, Ľvovskaya, Kharkovskaya, Leningradskaya, Pskovskaya, Novgorodskaya distr.]; Marhold K. 1994 – Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Romania; Měsíček J. & Javůrková-Jarolímová J. 1992 – Czech Republic; Marhold K. 1991 – Slovakia, Poland; Ančev M., Marhold K. & Goranova M. 1997 – Bulgaria; Májovský et al. 2000 – Slovakia; Lihová J., Marhold K. & Neuffer B. 2000 – Slovakia)

Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, GRB, IRE-NI, IRE-IR, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, AUT-LI, BGM-BE, BMG-LU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. COR, FRA-FR; 13. BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-KA, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUE, RUN, RUS, RUW. Asia-Temperate: 30. WSB. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Norfolk, Spring Walks, Thetford, 19.5.1908, H.Dixon Hewitt (K); Finland: pr. Hudiksvall Helsingio passim, Jun 1864, F.Ahlberg (K); Sweden: Paroecia Ragunda, Kullsta, 21.6.1930, G.Samuelson (K); Sweden: Öland, Vickebly par., L.Vickebly, 8.7.1966, C.M.Norrman (C); Norwey: Vestfold Stokke, Gjennestadrann, öst-enden, i skogkanten, red bekk, 17.6.1964, I.Kaasa (C); Estonia: Runö, 17.7.1928, J.Grøntved (C), Estonia: Estonia media, parish of Tarta-Maarja in an immerged meadow N of Tartu, 19.5.1936, K.Eichwald (PR); Russia: Prov. Mosqua, distr. Zwenigorod, in umbrosis ad ripus rivuli, 15.6.1900 fl., 10.7.1900 fr., A.Choroschkow (C), Poland: Regio Subcarpatica (distr. Przemyśl), inter pagos Bircza et Cisowa, 13.5.1971, A.Jasiewicz & D.Tumidajowicz (C), Germany: Bavaria, In fossis prope „Bamberg“, 240 m, 5.1910, K.Harz (C, PR), France: Calvados, Roques, caut. De Lisieux, 5.1848, Durand-Duguesney (PRC, C); Czech republic: Bohemia centralis, In ripa rivuli Kačák prope vicum Hostín, 19.5.1939, M.Deyl (C), Slovakia: Comit. Liptó, in valle rivi Mlinica, prope Važec, ca. 850 m, 5.7.1933, W.Glatz (BP); Slovakia: Carpati minores, in humidis silvarum a monte Vysoka orientem versus, ca.400 m, 29.5.1932, K.H.Rechinger (BP); Austria: Obergurgl, Ötztal-Tirol, immadiately by a little stream in a very humid meadow between Pirchhütt and Obergurgl, 1900 m, 18.7.1968, G.I.Olsen (C), Slovenija: Bevče při Velenju, os vodnem jarku, 400 m, 25.4.1977, D.Naglič (LIU); Romania: Transsilvania, distr. Năsăud, in aquosis ad fontem prati montani „Tiganul“ prope pagum Mureşenii Bârgăului, 29.4.1937, S.Forstner (BP); Romania: Montes Retezat, in monte versus orient. supra casam Zlata Gura, 2.7.1970, J.Soják (PR); Italy: Veneto, in paludosis prope Misurina (Belluno), 1756 m, 22.4.1958, G.Moggi (FI). Cardamine amara subsp. austriaca Marhold, Bot. Helv. 109(1): 77 (1999).

Ind. loc.: “Hohe Tauern, [Goldberggruppe], Grossfragant region, Schobertal, near the rivulet Schoberbach, 2050 m.” Type: HT: 7.7.1992, Marhold (SAV); IT: (W, WU).

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Gadella Th. W.J., Kliphuis E. & Kramer K.U. 1970 – Austria [Steiermark]; Teppner

H. 1980 – Austria [Steiermark]; Habeler E. 1963 – Austria; Lövkvist B. 1957 –

8

Austria; Marhold K. 1999 – Austria, Slovenia; Lihová J. & Marhold K. 2003 - Slovenia)

Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ; 13. YUG-CR, YUG-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Slovenia: Julian Alps, Kranjska Gora, Planica, Tamar valley, 15.6.1995, K.Marhold (SAV); Slovenia: Gorenjska, okolica Tržiča, travnik při gostišču Smuk, na levi strani směr Duplje – Križe, 490 m, 7.5.1995, U.Bidovec (LJU); Slovenia: Štajerska, Hrastje při Mariboru, zgornji del Ludmerske grabe, 320 m, 6.5.1995, N.Mori (LJU). Cardamine amara subsp. balcanica Marhold, Ančev & Kit Tan, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 33: 201 (1996). Ind. loc.: “Bulgaria, Pirin Mts, valley of the river Demjanica, near Demjanica chalet,

1850 m.” Type: HT: 29.6.1995, Ančev & Marhold (SOM); IT: (B, C, SAV).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Ančev M., Marhold K. & Goranova M. 1997 – Bulgaria; Marhold K., Ančev M.E. &

Kit Tan 1996 - Bulgaria) Distribution: Europe: 13. BUL, GRC. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bulgaria: Mt. Rodopi, by Elatia forest station, 1550 m, 41°28´N, 24°19´E, Th.Arambatzis, E.Bergmeier, N.Cronberg, A.Strid, Kit Tan & V.Vladimirov (C), Bulgaria: Rila, in uliginosis prope l.d. „Kartala“ intra reservatum Parangalica, ca. 1500 m, 3.6.1975, I.Bondev, N.Andreev & L.Slavova (JE, PR). Cardamine amara subsp. opicii (J.Presl & C.Presl) Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 449 (1875). ≡ Cardamine opicii J.Presl. & C.Presl., Fl. Čech.: 136 (1819). Ind. loc.: “Glacky Schneeberg et Brunnberg Sudet. (Opiz.).” Type: LT - (Marhold & Hrouda 1993: 102): Brunnberg, s.a., Opiz (PR). ≡ Cardamine amara L. var. opicii (J. Presl. & C. Presl.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 675

(1832). = Cardamine amara var. subalpina W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 44 (1835). Ind. loc.: “In scaturiginosis subalpinis Sudetorum (in Schlesien und Böhmen auf dem

Schneeberge, am Ochsenstalle des Altvaters, am Peterstein).” Type: = Cardamine bielzii Schur, Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 64

(1853). Ind. loc.: “In der Gegend der Piatra Arsze südlich von Bánfi Hunyad (A. Bieltz).” Type: HT: In der Gegend von Piatra Arsze, 8.1847, Bieltz (LW). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhol K. 1994 – Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Romania; Banach-

Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Měsíček J. & Javůrková-Jarolímová J. 1992 – Czech Republic; Marhold K. 1991 – Poland, Slovakia; Lihová J., Marhold K. & Neuffer B. 2000 – Slovakia; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Pashuk K.T. 1987 – Ukraine; Májovský et al. 1987 – Slovakia; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Ivano-Frankovskaya obl.])

Distribution: Europe: 11. CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, POL; 13. ROM; 14. UKR-UK. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Poland: Rezerwat Pod Rysianka, 1965, Białecka (KRA); Slovakia: Kremnica, Kordícke sedlo, 1989, Marhold (SAV); Slovakia: Tatra Magna, in valle Mlynica in locis innudatis, 1700 m, 20.8.1963, R.Moldvai (BP); Slovakia: Sivý vrch, 1928, Scheffer (SLO); Slovakia: Pilsko, Bystrý potok, 1989, Grulich (MMI);

9

Slovakia: Martinské hole, 1924, Futák (SLO); Ukraine: Oblasť Zakarpatska, Rajon Voloveckyj, Pikuj, 1937, Margittai (BP); Oblasť Zakarpatska, Rajon Rachivskyj, Pip Ivan, 1947, Bradis (KW); Romania: Mţii Maramureşului, Vf. Galatului, 1835, Herbich (KRAM); Romania: Mţii Rodnei, Piatra Rei, 1900, Pax (BP); Romania: Mţii Retezatului, Zănoguta, 1933, Borza & E.I.Nyárády (CL). Cardamine amara subsp. pyrenaea Sennen, Monde Pl. 30(63/178): 6 (1929). Ind. loc.: “Nuria, bords des torrents, 2000 m et plus; Val de Llo, 1650 m; Val ďEyne,

2150 m.” Type: LT - (Lihová et al. 2000: 760): Catalogne: Pyrénées à Nuria, torrents, 2100 m,

21 July 1914, Sennen (BC 827121); ILT: (BM 99973). = Cardamine amara subsp. siifolia Sennen, Monde Pl., Ser. 3, 30(63/178): 6-7 (1929). Ind. loc.: “Le Canigou, le Cambredase, le Capcir: région alpine inférieure.” Type: LT - (Lihová et al. 2000: 760): Cerdagne au Cambredase, torrents S. Pierre,

1750 m, 22 July 1916, Sennen (BC 03122). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Lihová J., Marhold K. & Neuffer B. 2000 – Andorra, Spain) Distribution: Europe: 12. FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Aranser, Sota Prat Miró, 1980 m, 17.6.1990, Carrillo (BBC); Spain: Val ď Eyne, 4.8.1924, Barnades (BC); Spain: Noufonts prés Nuria, 2100 m, 1 et 4.8.1913, Sennen (BM); Spain: inter Núria et Nou-Creus, 2200 m, 7.1950, Capell (BC); Spain: Queralbs, Vall de Ribes-Font de ľHome Mort, 1850 m, 21.7.1968, Vigo & Anglada (BC); Spain: Vall de Ribes, Coma de Vaca, 2150 m, 30.6.1961, Vigo (BC), Andorra: Planells ď Arcalís, 3.7.1980, Soriano (BCC); Andorra: Pla Sorteny, Valle de Incles, near Rio a Junclar, 1900-2000 m, 8.1949, Losa & Montserrat (BCF); France: Cerdagne, au Cambredase [Cambras ď Azé], 1900 m, 3.8.1916, Sennen (BC); France: Le Cambredase [Cambras ď Azé], 1800 m, 9.8.1919, Sennen (BC); France: Ruisseaux du Canigou, 7.1872, Cosson (P); France: Capcir, V. de Galbe, Espoussouille, 1750 m, 9.6.1983, Montserrat & Villar (MA). Cardamine amporitana Sennen & Pau, Bull. Int. Géogr. Bot. 20 (259): 104-105 (1911). Ind. loc.: “Espagne, Catalogue, risseau del Macho á Cabanas.”

Type: LT - (Lihová et al. 2000: 761): Catalogne, Cabanas, ruisseau; Cabanas, bords du ruisseau Gordo del Macho, 4 June 1908, Sennen (MA 47582); ILT: P, BC 03152, BC – Sennen 827115, 805503, MA 47581.

≡ Cardamine amara var. parviflora Cadevall, Fl. Catalunya 1: 136 (1915). Ind. loc.: “al Empordá; reguerols de Cabanes (Sen.!).”

Type: LT - (Lihová et al. 2000: 761): Catalogne, Cabanas, ruisseau; Cabanas, bords du ruisseau Gordo del Macho, 4 June 1908, Sennen (MA 47582); IT: (P, BC 03152, BC – Sennen 827115, 805503, MA 47581).

= Cardamine amara subsp. olotensis O.Bolós, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 187-188 (1952). Ind. loc.: “Olot, Parc Nou.” Type: HT: Olot, in pratis humidis Parc Nou, 1.5.1950, A. de Boloós (BC, no. 112809). = Cardamine amara var. grandiflora Bertol., Fl. Ital.: 31-32 (1847). Ind. loc.: “Piceno a Monteferino all’ Acqua viva, monte di Bacucco.” Type: unknown Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Lihová J., Marhold K. & Neuffer B. 2000 - Spain) Distribution: Europe: 12. SPA-SP; 13. ITA-IT.

10

Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Gerona, 6.1837, R. de Bolòs (BC); Spain: Maçanet de la Selva, 60 m, 15.5.1987, Vilar (HGI); Spain: Martorell, de la Selva, 100 m, 5.5.1943, A. de Bo Bolòs (BC); Spain: Montseny, Gualba, 15.5.1915, Font Quer (BC); Spain: Montseny, Santa Fe, 1100 m, 21.7.1948, O. de Bolòs (BC); Spain: Olot, 5.1977, A.C.Costa (BC); Spain: Querós, 300 m, 1.5.1949, Llensa (BC); Spain: Santa Coloma de Farners, 200 m, 15.4.1986, Vilar (HGI); Spain: Tordera, 35 m, 22.4.1945, Font Quer (BC); Spain: La Vajol, 540 m, 19.5.1996, Font (HGI); Spain: Ventalló, 5 m, 31.3.1999, Gesti (HGI). Cardamine anemonoides O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 341 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Insula Schikoku: provincia Tosa pr. Nanokawa leg. K. Watanabe 17.4.1890 (H. C.); insula Hondo: in jugo Amaki-san leg. qui? 25.5.1897 (H.N.). – Ex Maxim. l. c. ins. Kiusiu centralis: in jugo Kundshoshan. – Ex Matsumura l. c. ins. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke leg. Okubo 1889, prov. Musashi leg. Matsumura 1878, prov. Izu legg. Okubo 1883, Matsumura 1894; ins. Shikoku: prov. Tosa leg. Makino.”

Type: = Cardamine matsumurana Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl.: 236 (1936). ≡ Dentaria corymbosa Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13(146): 52 (1899).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko ubi madio Maio florens, legit Okubo anno 1889; prov. Musashi, in regionibus montosis sylvaticis lage ipse anno 1878; prov. Izu, in sylvaticis ubi fl. Aprili fr. Junio mat. legit Okubo anno 1883, ipse anno 1894; prov. Tosa, legit Makino.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Pref. Tokyo, Nishitama-gun, Okutama-cho, along the Kawanori valley, 24.4.1982, E.Miki 2025 (KYO). Cardamine angulata Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 1: 44 (1840).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Banks of the Columbia. Scouler. Douglas.” Type:

= Dentaria grandiflora Raf., Atlantic Journ. Fasc. Fl. Oregon: 47 (1833). Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine angulata var. alba Nutt., Fl. N. Amer. 1: 84 (1838). Ind. loc.: “ Banks of the Oregon, Scouler ! and near the outlet of the Wahlamet, Nuttall !.” Type:

= Cardamine angulata var. pentaphylla O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 407 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Washington: in valle super. Fl. Nesqually (Cascade Mts.) leg. O. D. Allen 1895 n. 128a (H.B., H.C., H.N.), 128a; Oregon: in Multnomah Co. leg. Thom. J. Howell 1877 (H.C.).” Type:

= Cardamine angulata var. hirsuta O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 407 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Oregon: pr. Portland legg. A. Kellogg et W. G. W. Harford 1869 n. 53 (H. N.), pr. Baker City leg. R. D. Nerius 1875 (H. C.).” Type:

11

Chromosome number: n=20, 2n=40 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 - Canada) Distribution: Northern America: 70. ASK; 71. BRC; 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Oregon, Sauvies Island, 5. 1881, Th.J.Howell (PR); USA: Oregon, Sauvies Island, Rich woods, 5.1880, Th.J.Howell (PR). Cardamine angustata O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 349 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Vermont: pr. Peacham leg. A. F. Stevens 1892 (H. N.); Pennsylvania: pr. Philadelphia leg. Torrey 1841 (H. Boiss.), ibidem pr. Wissahickon (locus classicus!) leg. E. Diffenbaugh 1863 (H. C.), Juniata River Hills pr. Warriorsmark leg. J. R. Lowrie (H. P. Ac.), pr. Alexandria leg. Porter (H. V.), Westmoreland Co. Leg. P. E. Pierron 1876 (H. V. U.) et 1877 (H. N.); Maryland: pr. Washington legg. Vasey 1873, 1874 (H. N., H. P. Ac.), L. J. Ward 1888 (H. C.), E. S. Steele 1897 (H. D.), Th. Holm 1899 (H. Vr.), High Island leg. C. L. Pollard 1895, pr. Notley Hall leg. F. V. Coville, pr. Blagden’s Mill Road leg. D. L. Topping 1896 (H. N.), Harpersferry Heights leg. S. Watson 1890 (H. C.), Upshur Co. leg. W. M. Pollock 1895 (H. N.), 1897 (H. B. Boiss., H. N.); Virginia: pr. Lynch (= Lynchburg?) leg. J. Fauntleray 1897 (H. Z.), pr. Marion leg. E. W. Cathcart 1892 (H. N.); Kentucky: leg. Hooker 1837 (H. V.), pr. Lexington ad Licking river leg. R. Peter 1833 (H. Britton); Tennessee: (H. Boiss., H. N.), leg. Wilkinson (H. C.), pr. Knoxville legg. S. M. Bain 1894 et A. Ruth 1898 (H. N.), Smoky Ms. leg. Rugel 1844 (H. Boiss.); North Carolina: leg. Rugel 1841 (H. Boiss.), pr. Biltmore 1897 Biltmore Herb. n. 366a (H. C., H. N., H. V., H. Z.); South Carolina: pr. Boykins legg. Torrey et Gray (H. C.); Georgia: pr. Tallapoosa leg. P. M. Way 1900 (H. N.); Alabama: Right bank Warrior river, 5 m. above Tuscaloosa leg. L. F. Ward 1892 (H. N.).” Type:

= Cardamine heterophylla (Nutt.) A.Wood., Amer. Bot. Fl.: 38 (1875). ≡ Dentaria heterophylla Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 66 (1818). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In the western Pennsylvania; (in the shady Fir woods on the banks of

Wishahikon creek, a few miles from Philadelphia.” Type: = Cardamine angustata var. ouachitana E.B.Sm., Brittonia 34: 379 (1982). Ind. loc.: “Range: Endemic to the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas.” Type: HT: Arkansas: Polk Co.: common along the Cossatot River, 12.1 mi S of the jct.

Of Hwys 375 and 8 near Mena, 19 Mar 1982, E.B.Smith no. 3664 (UARK); IT: (MO, NY, US).

Chromosome number: 2n=ca.128 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A) 2n=ca.128 (Montgomery F.H. 1955 – U.S.A as Dentaria heterophylla) Distribution: Northern America: 74. OKL; 75. INI, NWJ, OHI, PEN, WVA; 78. ALA, ARK, DEL, GEO, KTY, MRY, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine anhuiensis D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao, Bull. Bot. Res. 6(2): 127 (1986). Ind. loc.: “Anhui: Tong-ling Xian, Lang-Keng, alt. 200m.”

12

Type: HT: (D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao 1986: 127): 14.4.1985, Shao Jian-Zhang no. 84050 (AIB); IT: (JSBI).

= Cardamine jinshaensis Q.H.Chen & T.L.Xu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15(4): 361 (1993). Ind. loc.: “Guizhou: Jincha Xian, Qingmen, alt. 1000 m, in sylvis humidis.” Type: HT: 26.4.1988, Qianxi Exped. (HGAS).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-GZ, CHS-HN, CHC-HU, CHS-AH, CHS-JS, CHS-JX, CHS-ZJ. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine apennina Lihová, Pl. Syst. Evol. 245(1-2): 85 (2004). Ind. loc.: “Italy, Abruzzo, Lago di Campotosto, Le Serre, 1340m.” Type: HT: 27.5.2000, Lihová et al. (SAV). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Lihová J., Tribsch A. & Stuessy T.F. 2003 - Italy) Distribution: Europe: 13. ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: in silvaticis agri lucensis prope Ponte S. Quirico, 10.4.1882, Arcangeli (PI); Italy: dintori di S. Quirico (Lucca), 4.1903, Barsali (PI); Italy: Cerbaie, Vallino a nord della Querce, 26.4.1951, Pichi-Sermolli & B. di Moisé (FI); Italy: Nel Lucchese S. Allessio nei campi, 30.3.1876, Bottini (PI); Italy: Nella selva di Coltano, 10.4.1911, Barsali (PI); Italy: Poggio, alter Park bei der „Pavoneria“, 16.4.1974, Urbanska & Landolt 868 (ZT); Italy: Cerbaie, ca 2 km NE von Quattro-Strade, 16.4.1974, Urbanska & Landolt (ZT); Italy: Mulinacio, limite del bosco verso S. Galgano, 23.4.1980, Persiano & Regni (SIENA); Italy: Parco nazionale del Gran Sasso-Laga, Lago di Campotosto, 1330 m, 30.5.1999, Tinti (CAME); Italy: Parco nazionale del Gran Sasso-Laga, Voltigno, Villa Celiera 1360 m, 7.6.1999, Conti (CAME); Italy: Monti Sibillini, S. Maria Pantano, 1000-1150 m, 4.6.1955, Marchesoni (CAME); Italy: Piani di Rascino e verso Petrella Salto, 24.6.1982, Anzalone (RO – Erbario Anzalone). Cardamine appendiculata Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap.: 281 (1879).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. probabiliter in Japonia boreali, unde habuit cum C. dasyloba confusam Dr Savatier.”

Type: ≡ Dentaria appendiculata (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13(146): 51 (1899). ≡ Cardamine macrophylla var. appendiculata (Franch. et Sav.) Yatabe,

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HN. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Pref. Hyogo, Oosasa, Muraoka-cho, Mikata-gun, 570 m, 23.5.1999, T.Takanashi 2778 (KYO). Cardamine arakiana Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5:119 (1936).

≡ D. arakiana Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 119 (1936). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Japonia: prov. Tamba, Amadagun, Nishinakasujimura, Oki (leg. Y. Araki, 1936.).”

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Type: IT: 18.5.1936, Y.Araki no.13935 (TI). Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Rashid A., Ohba H. & Kurosaki N. 1992 - Japan) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HN. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Pref. Okayama, Iwayadani, Bitchucho, Kawakami-gun, 1.4.1979, I.Okubo (KYO). Cardamine armoracioides Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 293 (1854). Ind. loc.: “Venezuela.” Type: HT: I.Linden no. 1416 (K); IT: (K). Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN; 83. CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Colombia: Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, „E of La Finca de Cortés, 0,5 km“, 2800-3000 m, ca.10°54´N, 73°58´W, 3.8.1972, J.Kirkbride, Jr. & E.Forero 1860 (COL, NY); Colombia: campamento Pico Bolívar, 3200 m, s. data, s. coll. (COL, No.48857). Cardamine asarifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 654 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Alpibus Italicis.”

Type: LT - (Marhold 1996:144): Hermann P., Paradisus batavus, 1698, the first plate belonging to p.203, entlited „NASTURTIUM Montanum Assari folio.

Chromosome number: 2n=14 (Lawrence W.J.C. 1931 – without locality) – doubtful record 2n=16 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality) – doubtful record Distribution: Europe: 11. SWI; 12. FRA-FR; 13. ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: Montognes de Como, 1834, Moretti (K); France: Bouzeiyas puis le col de Pelouse (Alpes Maritimes), 2100 m, 20.6.1889, J.E.Lardiére (ZT); France: Flora Pedemontana, boros de ľEllero dans la haute vallée, 6.8.1911, Jacquet (ZT); France: Alpes Maritimes Tende, á Caramagno, 28.6.1886, E.Reverchon (K); Switzerland: Val Poschiavo, Grisons, 1860, Leresche & Muret (K). Cardamine aschersoniana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 410 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Venezuela pr. Tovar legg. Moritz 5. (c. 1836) n. 369, Gollmer 13. 4. 1854 (H. Hier. in H. B.), 2340-2670 m A. Fendler 9. 3. 1855 n. 22, idem 24. 6. 1855 n. 23ß (H. C.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine astoniae I. Thomps., Muelleria 9:156 (1996).

Ind. loc.: “Victoria, Snowfields, Bogong High Plains, between Rocky Valley Reservoir and Basalt Hill, Falls Creek area, 36°54´S, 147°18´E, 1650 m.”

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Type: HT: 28.12.1994, Ian Thompson no. 84 (MEL). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW-NS, VIC, TAS. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: N side of Mt. Cope, Bogong High Plains, 1966, A.C.Beauglehole 15508 (MEL); Australia: Timbarra R, Nunniong plateau, east Gippsland, 1964, J.H.Willis (MEL); Australia: at Pretty Valley, Bogong High Plains, 27.12.1958, H.I.Aston 182 (MEL); Australia: Bucketty Plain, N.G.Walsh 3602 (MEL), Australia: Mt. Loch, 28.12.1994, I.R.Thompson 83 (MEL); Australia: S branch of Back Flat Creek, 0.25 mile (0.4 km) SE of Grey Mare Hut (upper Geehi R. district), 28.12.1968, A.Rodd 717 (NSW); Australia: Merritt’s Creek, Kosciusko area, 10.1.1960, B.G.Briggs (NSW); Australia: Saxby’s Creek, 1 km NW of Carey’s Peak, Barrington Tops, 29.12.1969, J.Pickard 821 (NSW); Tasmania: Leary’s Corner, Middlesex plains, 17.11.1986, A.Moscal 13508 (HO). Cardamine auriculata S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 319 (1882).

Ind. loc.: “At Guajaco,Nuevo Leon.” Type: IT: E.Palmer no. 49 (NY).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXE-CO, MXE-HI, MXE-NL, MXE-SL, MXE-TA. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Mexico: State of Nuevo Loen, limestone ledges of the Sierra Madre above Monterey, 3000 ft, 10.3.1906, C.G.Pringle (PR). Cardamine balnearia Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23(3): 157

(1944). Ind. loc.: “Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Wet mossy bank, Aguas Amargas, western slope of Volcán de Zunil, alt. about 2,450 meters, January 14, 1941, Paul C. Standley 83332 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 80. GUA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine barbareoides Halácsy, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss.

Kl. 61: 228-229 (1894). Ind. loc.: “An einem Giessebache der oberen Region des Peristeri des oberhalb des Dorfes Syraku. Höhe 1500 m.”

Type: LT - (Perný et al. in press): Dr. E. von Halácsy, Iter graecum secundum a. 1893, Epirus boreali-orientalis, Gregarie ad rivulos regionis montis Peristeri supra pagum Syraku, alt. 1500, 14.6.1893, E. v. Halácsy (WU – Hal); IT: (B, BP, C, PRC, WU – Hal).

≡ Cardamine raphanifolia subsp. barbareoides (Halácsy) Strid, Mount. Fl. Greece 1: 257 (1986).

≡ Cardamine amara subsp. barbareoides (Halácsy) Maire et Petitm., Étud. Pl. Vasc. Gréce: 26 (1908).

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Perný M., Lihová J., Tribsch A. & Marhold K. in press - Greece) Distribution: Europe: 13. GRC.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Greece: Epirus: Montes Smolika, in declivibus borealibus supra pagum Kerasovo, 2000 m, 9.7.1958, K.H.Rechingen (K); Greece: Pindus Tymphaeus, in summo montis Zygos (Lakmon veter.), supra Metovo, 4500-5000 ft, 6.1885, C.Haussknecht (JE); Greece: Epirus boreali-orientalis, Gregariae ad rivulos regionis superioris mt. Peristeri supra pagum Syraku, 1500 m, 14.6.1893, E.Halácsy (K). Cardamine battagliae Cesca & Peruzzi, Pl. Biosystems 136(3):.316 (2002).

Ind. loc.: “Bosco di Gariglione nie pressi della caserma forestale (Sila Piccola, CZ) UTM. XD 41, 32.” Type: HT – Codogno et Puntillo (CLU).

Chromosome number: 2n=ca.160 (G.Cesca & L.Peruzzi 2002 - Italy) Distribution: Europe: 13. ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: M.Mancuso (Nocera Ter. CZ) sui 1100 m, alľinterno della densa faggeta, però abbondante nelle chiarite, luogo fresco, ombroso, terreno sciolto e profondo derivante da scisti cristallini, molto frequente, esp. Nord-Ovest, 8.5.1961, Padula (FI); Italy: La Sila (Calbria) Camigliatello, nie boschi salendo verso M.Curcio, 1400-1600 m, 10-12-15-16.7.1951, Sarfatti & Contardo (FI); Italy: Monte Scuro sopra fontana S.Margherita S. 107 km 67, Falsetta (CLU); Italy: Vallone di Serra Stella (Sila Grande, CS), 20.4.1996, Bernardo & Schumacker (CLU); Italy: Sila torrente Fraticello, 27.4.1979, Falsetta (CLU); Italy: zone umide vicino ai ruscelli nella foresta di Badia Luta, 30.3.1976, Cesca (CLU). Cardamine bellidifolia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 654 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Britaniae.” Type: LT – (Khatri 1990:442): LINN 835.1. = Cardamine lenensis Andrz., Led. Fl. Alt. 3: 33 (1831).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In subumbrosis muscosis ad latus boreale montis crucis (L.). Fl. versus finem Maji.” Type: ≡ Cardamine bellidifolia L. f. lenensis (Andrz.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 553 (1903).

= Cardamine bellidifolia f. laxa (Lange) Polunin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 54(3): 35 (1940). ≡ Cardamine bellidifolia var. laxa Lange, Meddel. Gronland 3: 251 (1887). Ind. loc.: “V. Gr.: Godthaab (S.H.)! Ekaluarsuit i Laxefjard 72°29´ (Ryd. Exp.)!” Type:

= Cardamine bellidifolia var. beringensis A.E.Porsild, Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 32: 31 (1938). Ind. loc.: “In addition to our No. 1699 there are in the National Herbarium of Canada several sheets from the Bering Sea region that belong here: St. Paul Island, Nos. 19.525 and 118.169; St. George Island, No. 89,588; Hall Island, No. 100,753; St. Lawrence Island, No. 100,752; and Cape Vancouver, No. 100,754; all collected by J. M. Macoun.” Type:

= Cardamine bellidifolia var. pinnatifida Hultén, Madroño 19: 223 (1968), [Ark. Bot. 7(1): 62 (1968)].

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Ind. loc.: “Alaska, McKinley Park Highway, mile 63.5, Throughfare, July 1964, Hultén, S.” Type:

Cardamine bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia Chromosome number: n=8 (Dalgaard V. 1989 – Greenland; Packer J.G. 1964 – Canada); n=8, 2n=16 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada) 2n=16 (Löve Á. & Löve D. 1956 – Iceland; Jörgensen C.A, Sörensen Th. & Westergaard M.

1958 – Greenland; Holmen K. 1952 – Greenland; Sokolovskaya A.P. & Strelkova A.S. 1962 – Russia [Pamir, Altaj, Kavkaz, Chibin, vostochny sektor Arktiki-Tiksi]; Krogulevich R.E. 1976 – Russia [Sibir, Putorana – Bogatyr]; Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1984 – Russia [Chukotka]; Sokolovskaya A.P. & Strelkova A.S. 1960 – Russia [Khibiny]; Vodopyanova N.S. & Krogulevich R.E. 1974 – Russia [Putorana]; Zhukova P.G. 1965 – Russia [Chukotka]; Zhukova P.G. 1966 – Russia [O. Vrangelya, b. Somniteľnaya]; Petrovsky V.V. & Zhukova P.G. 1983 – Russia [O. Vrangelya]; Löve Á. & Löve D., 1966 – U.S.A [Washington Mount, Great Gulf]; Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality; Löve Á. 1979 – Alaska)

Distribution: Europe: 10. FIN, ICE, NOR, RUN, SVA, SWE. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, BRY, CTA, IRK, KRA, TVA, WSB, YAK; 31. AMU, KHA, MAG, SAK; 32. KAZ; 37. MON; 38. KOR-NK. Northern America: 70. ASK, GNL, NUN, NWT, YUK; 71. ABT, BRC; 72. LAB, NFL-NE, QUE; 73. ORE, WAS; 75. NWH; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Iceland: Sulur Akuneyri, 7.1941, G.H.Candwell (K); Norway: Troms, Salangen hid, Melkefjollet, 13.8.1938, C.M.Norrman (K); Sweden: Torne lappmark: Jukkasjärvi sin, Pesisvare regio alpina, ca. 800 m, 26.7.1925, Carl G. Alm (K). ?? Cardamine bellidifolia var. pachyphylla Coville et Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11:

170 (1897). Ind.loc.: “Crater Lake, Mount Mazana, Oregon, 2300 m.” Type: IT – 15.8.1896, V.Coville & J.B.Leiberg no. 426 (ORE)

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: ?? Cardamine bellidifolia var. sinuata J.Vahl, in Lange Consp. Fl. Groenland. 1: 47 (1880). Ind. loc.: “i Grus i Baals Revier (V.)! .” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 70. GNL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine bilobata Kirk, Fl. N. Zeal.: 27 (1889).

Ind. loc.: “South Island: Kurow and Naseby, Mount Ida Range, Hector Mountains, Otago. 2,000ft. to 3,000 ft. Petrie!.”

Type: Chromosome number: n=24 (Pritchard G.G. 1957 – N. Zealand) Distribution: Australasia: 51. NZS.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine bipinnata (C.A.Mey.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 344 (1903).

≡ Dentaria bipinnata C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Cauc.: 179 (1831). Ind. loc.: “In regione alpina Caucasi ocidentalis, inter fragmina lapidum (alt. 1400 hexap.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS-IN, NCS-CH, NCS-KB, NCS-KC, NCS-KR, NCS-SO, TCS-GR. Representative herbarium specimens: Russia: Caucasus orientalis, Czeczeno-Inguschetia, ad fontes fl. Armchi in declivibus schistoso-glareosis, 2700-2800 m, 27.6.1971, V.Prima (P). Cardamine bodinieri (H.Lév.) Lauener, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26(4): 336 (1965).

≡ Dentaria bodinieri H. Lév., Rep. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 452 (1910). Ind. loc.: “Kouy-Tchéou: Kouy-Yang (Em. Bodinier).”

Type: HT: mont du college, V.1910, Bodinier s.n. (E). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-GZ. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine bonariensis Juss. ex Pers., Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 195 (1806).

Ind. loc.: “Argentina:“Hab. in Buenos-Aires.” Type: HT: A.Jussieu s.n. (P); IT: (P). ≡ Cardamine flaccida subsp. bonariensis (Juss. ex Pers.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 450 (1903).

= Cardamine laxa Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 158 (1845). Ind.loc.: “Prope Tambo de Gabriel Lopez in Paramo de Guanaco prov. Popayan.”

Type: HT: K.Hartweg no. 880 (K). = Cardamine demissa Triana & Planch., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4(17): 60 (1862).

Ind. loc.: “Tolima, Llanitos al pie de Loma? Lieux humides (Godout).” Type: HT: J.Goudout s.n. (P).

= Cardamine killipi O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(94): 341 (1928). Ind. loc.: “Colombia: Eastern Cordillera, Dept. Santader, Edge of Páramo da las Vegas 3300-3700m.” Type: HT: 20-21.12.1926, E.P.Killip & A.C.Smith no. 15596 (US).

= Cardamine flaccida Cham. et Schltdl., Linnaea 1: 21 (1826). Ind. loc.: “In herbosis humidis ad Talcaguano regni Chilensis.” Type:

= Cardamine ramossisima Steud., Flora 39: 409 (1856). Ind. loc.: not designated Type: = Cardamine alsophila Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 73 (1892). Ind. loc.: “ In glareosis rivuli de Aculeo dicti decembri 1886 inveni.” Type: = Cardamine andicola Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 8(2): 1 (1891).

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Ind. loc.: “Habitat ad aquas l. d. Aminchas inter Ascotan et Pica, c. 3000 m. s. m.” Type: = Cardamine bracteata Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 85 (1892). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Andibus prov. Santiago.” Type: = Cardamine micropetala Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 76 (1892). Ind. loc.: “In Araucania locis humidis umbrosis ocurrit.” Type: = Cardamine caespitosa Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 79 (1892). Ind. loc.: “In valle Sanctae Gértrudis ad radicem borealem vulcani de Chillan dicti

inventit orn. Fridericus Puga.” Type: = Cardamine flaccida subsp. minima (Steud.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 451 (1903). ≡ Cardamine minima Steud., Flora 26: 410 (1856). Ind. loc.: “St. Antonio Peru, Lechler Hrbr. Nr. 1811.” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN; 83. BOL, CLM, ECU, PER; 84. BZ; 85. AG, CL, URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Argentina: Buenos Aires, Dept. Zafí, Qucbrada de Lules, 22.8.1922, Schreiter 514 (PR); Bolivia: Yungas de San Mateo, Comarapa, Dep. Santa Cruz, 2800 m, 25.10.1928, J.Steinbach (BM); Colombia: Urrao, carretera entre Urrao y Caycedo, sitio el Chuscal, cerca del páramo de Frontino, 2800 m, 17.5.1985, L.Atehortúa et al. 1266 (HUA); Colombia: Boyacá: „near Puebloviejo“, ca. 3040 m, 9.8.1953, J.Langenheim 3377 (COL, US); Colombia: Caldas, Nevado del Ruiz, páramos entre Termales, Nevado y Líbano, „between road to Libano and sta.10“, 4050-4100 m, 7-21.12.1958, H.Barclay & P.Juanjiboy 6401 (COL, GH, MO); Colombia: Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Sumapaz, carretera entre río Taquecitos y Andabobos, 3350-3600 m, 26.6.1999, J.Betancur et al. 8100 (COL); Colombia: Huila, 1400 m, ene 1943, R.Schultes & M.Villarreal 5163 (GH, NY, US); Colombia: Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, entre Bellavista y Duriaimena, 3600-3800 m, 8.12.1978, O.Rangel et al. 1919 (COL); Colombia: Meta, páramo de Sumapaz, hoya El Venado, laguna La Guitarra y alrededores, 3465 m, 24 ene 1972, A.Cleef 951 (COL); Colombia: Nariño, camino de Túquerres La Chorrera, 2000-3000 m, 20.8.1959, L.Mora 754 (COL, PSO); Colombia: Putumayo, alta cuenca del río Putumayo en el Valle de Sibundoy, La Cabaña, 2800 m, 2 ene 1941, J.Cuatrecasas 11629 (COL, US); Colombia: Quindío: Salento, vereda Cocóra, „below Nevado del Quindío“, ca.4°40-45´N, 75°20-25´W, 3300-3400 m, 20-22.5.1989, J.Luteyn et al. 13073 (COL, GH, NY). Cardamine bonariensis var. bonariensis Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 84. BZ; 85. AGE-BA, AGE-CD, AGE-DR, AGE-ER, AGW-CA, AGW-LR, AGW-ME, AGW-SA, AGW-SJ, AGW-TU, CL, URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine bonariensis var. minima (Steud.) J.F.Macbr.,

≡ Cardamine minima Steud., Flora 39: 410 (1856). ≡ Cardamine flaccida subsp. minima (Steud.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 451 (1903). Ind.loc.:

19

Type: = Cardamine axillaris Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. V. 1: 290 (1864).

Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. BOL; 85. AGW-JU, AGW-ME, CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Bolivia: Hab. prov. Larecaja, vicinis Sorata, ad rivum Eliallasuys, in locis frigidis, 2600-2500 m, 8.1854, G.Mandon 904 (PR) [as Cardamine axillaris]. Cardamine bonariensis var. tucumanensis (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 451 (1903).

≡ Cardamine axillaris var. tucumanensis Griseb., Pl. Lorentz.: 14 (1874). Ind.loc.: “Tucuman, in rivulis pr. Siambon (Andes Boliviae).” Type: IT: Lorentz no. 743 (CORD).

= Cardamine cymbalaria Chodat & Wilczek, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 289 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Las Juntas, á ľentrée de la vallée de ľAtuel, dans le canal ďirrigation, 447.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGE-CD, AGW-CA, AGW-LR, AGW-ME, AGW-SA, AGW-SJ. (ENDEMIC AG.) Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine breweri S.Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts 10: 339 (1875).

Ind. loc.: “Found in the mountains from the northern Sierra Nevada (1890 Brewer, near Sonora Pass at 8-10,000 feat altitude; 235 Anderson, near Carson City, = C. paucisecta, var. angulata of Anderson’s Catalogue of Nevada plants) to Oregon (31 Hall = C. oligosperma, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 8.376) and eastward to Wyoming (Hayden, east slope of the Teton Range, Idaho, and on Henry’s Fork of the Green River, = C. paucisecta of Hayden’s Reports for 1870 and 1872).”

Type: = Cardamine hederaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 202 (1900). Ind. loc.: “Along streams at the eastern base of the Cascade Mountains in southeastern

Oregon, Mrs. R. M. Austin, 1893.” Type: = Cardamine modocensis Greene, Pittonia 4: 203 (1900). Ind. loc.: “Plains of Modoc County, northeastern California, on Lasen Creek, Mrs.

Austin, August, 1894, and on Davis Creek, Miss Black, in the same year; at the time reffered by me to C. Breweri, but it is very distinct.”

Type: = Cardamine oregana Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 92 (1924). Ind. loc.: “near Little Meadows of the Des Chutes River, Oregon, alt. 1500 meters.” Type: IT - 25.8.1896, Leiberg no. 2614 (GH, NY, ORE). ≡ Cardamine breweri var. oregana (Piper) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 24: 73 (1937). Cardamine breweri var. breweri Chromosome number: n=42-48 (Rollins R.C. 1966 – U.S.A [California])

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Distribution: Northern America: 73. COL, IDA, MNT, ORE, WAS, WYO; 76. CAL, NEV, UTA; 79. MXE-CU. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., Shell Creek Range, North Fork Berry Creek, W side of South Shell Peak, 16 airline miles ENE of Ely, 9200 ft, 39°21Ń, 114°37´W, 17.7.1972, N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren 6228 (NY); USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., Shell Creek Range, McCoy Creek on the E side of the range, near the first creek crossing, 8000 ft, 39°22Ń, 114°34´W, 1.7.1985, A.Tiehm 9867 (NY); USA: Nevada, Douglas Co., Carson Range, Genoa Canyon W of Genoa, 5100 ft, 15.6.1976, A.Tiehm & L.Wise 2314 (NY); USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., off Steptoe Creek Road, 9.3 miles E of U.S. Hwy. 93, 1.7.1983, R.C.Rollins, K.W.Rollins & A.G.Roads 83205 (NY); USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., 13.2 miles from campground, Berry Creek Rd., Schell Creek Range, 9300 ft, 1.8.1978, M.J.Williams & A.Tiehm 78-281-9 (NY); USA: Nevada, Lander Co., Toiyabe N.F., Austin R.D., Toiyabe Range, Kingston Creek, at U.S.F.S. camground, 7120 ft, 39°13´30´Ń, 117°08´20´´W, 12.7.1988, M.Manning & W.Padgett 381 (NY); USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., Little Valley, 6500 ft, 2.7.1912, A.A.Heller 10534 (NY); USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., Sierra Nevadas, Carson Range, Mt. Rose area 0.6 air mile SSW of the Peak, 9200 ft, 39°20Ń, 119°56´W, 19.8.1982, A.Tiehm 7552 (NY); USA: Nevada, Storey Co., Carson City, foothills, 5500 ft, 31.5.1897, M.E.Jones (NY); USA: Nevada, Ormsby Co., King´s Canyon, 6.6.1902, C.F.Baker 1015 (NY); USA: California, Modoc Co., along Mill Creek, just above Clear Lake, Warner Mts., 15 miles E of Likely, ca. 6000 ft, 19.6.1959, A.Cronquist & A.H.Holmgren 8500 (NY); USA: California, Mono Co., 1 mile W of Twin Lakes-Sierra NV, 7200 ft, 21.6.1980, M.Lavin SW52 (NY); USA: California, Modoc Co., Lily Lake, W side of the Warner Mts., 2130 m, 24.6.1988, B.M.Bartholomew & B.Anderson 4326 (NY); USA: California, Mono Co., along Lee Vining Creek, near the Lee Vining Ranger Sation, 7150 ft, 9.6.1962, Jack L.Reveal & James L.Reveal 126 (NY); USA: California, Lassen Co., Gold Run Road, toward Ski Line Drive, 10 miles S of Susanville, 30.5.1981, R.C.Rollins & K.W.Rollins 81168 (NY); USA: Idaho, Cassia Co., near road to Pomerelle Ski Area, 2.3 miles W of Idaho Hwy. 77, 10.6.1981, R.C.Rollins & K.W.Rollins 81268 (NY); USA: Idaho, Boneville Co., Caribou Range, Anderson Gulch, along road to Caribou City (ghost town), 15 airline miles S of Palisades Dam, 6800 ft, 43°8Ń, 111°17´W, 17.7.1971, N.H.Holmgren & V.Marttala 5472 (NY); USA: Utah, Salt Lake Co., vicinity of Salt Lake City, City Creek Canyon, 6000-8000 ft, 11.7.1885, F.E.Leonard 101 (NY); USA: Utah, Morgan Co., along East Canyon Creek near old gauging station, 5472 ft, 40°55´W, 111°36Ń, 17.5.1987, C.Peterson 12 (NY). Cardamine breweri var. leibergii (Holz.) C.L.Hitchc., Univ. Wash. Publ. Bot. 17(2): 468

(1964). ≡ Cardamine leibergii Holz., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 3(4): 212 (1895). Ind. loc.: “Moist places near summit of Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai Co.; August 6 (No. 856).” Type: IT: 6.8.1892, J.H.Sandberg, D.T.MacDougal & A.A.Heller no. 856 (NY). ≡ Cardamine vallicola subsp. leibergii (Holz.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 523 (1903).

= Cardamine vallicola E.L.Greene, Pittonia 3: 116 (1896). Ind. loc.: “Wet meadows along Dale Creek, Wyoming, 30 June, 1896.” Type:

= Cardamine calosicrenata Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 488 (1896). Ind. loc.: “In springy places, Spokane.” Type:

= Cardamine foliacea Greene, Pittonia 4: 201 (1900).

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Ind. loc.: “Species apparently common in the lake region of northern Idaho, thence eastward into Montana.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. COL, IDA, MNT, WAS, WYO; 76. NEV. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., Schell Creek Range, Berry Creek, road/stream crossing about 2 road miles SE of USFS station, by turnoff to Berry Creek campground, 2480 m, 7.6.2000, A.P.Pinzl 13656 (NY); USA: Nevada, White Pine Co., Shell Creek Range, Timber Creek, USFS campground, vicinity of space no. 4, 2650 m, 39°24´00´´N, 114°37´47´´W, 23.7.2002, A.P.Pinzl 14291 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Independence Mts., Gance Creek, 3 air miles WNW of the Saval Ranch, 6700 ft, 41°18´N, 115°59´W, 19.6.1979, A.Tiehm & L.Birdsey 5097 (NY). Cardamine breweri var. orbicularis (Greene) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 24: 73 (1937).

≡ Cardamine orbicularis Greene, Pittonia 4: 202 (1900). Ind. loc.: “In swamps at the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon, May, 1887, Thomas Howell.” Type: IT: V.1887, T.J.Howell no. 3929 (MO, OR, US, NY, ORE).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 71. BRC; 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz, Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 127 (1769). ≡ Dentaria bulbifera L., Sp. Pl.: 653 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Europa australi ad radices montium umbrosas.” Type: LT - (Marhold 2001: 45): Dentaria heptaphyllos baccifera Bauh. / In montibus

Lusitiae, Misiniae & c. In Insula Moena. Et Sorae (UPS, herb. Burser, no. XVIII (1): 82).

Chromosome number: n=48 (Baksay L. 1958 – Hungary) 2n=96 (Ančev M. in Löve Á. 1982 – Bulgaria; Van Loon J. CHR. in Löve Á 1982 – Grecee

[Macedonia, Mt Vernon]; Dvořák & Dadáková in Löve Á. 1975 – Czech Republic; Májovský et al. 1974, 1978 – Slovakia; Semerenko L.V. 1985 – Belarus; Banach-Pogan E. 1954 - Poland)

2n=90-100 (Sorsa V. 1963 – Finland) Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, GRB, ICE-IR, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. FRA-FR; 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, ROM, TUE, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, KRY, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUW. Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS-CH, NCS-DA, NCS-IN, NCS-KB, NCS-KC, NCS-KR, NCS-SO, NCS-ST, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AR, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. IRN, TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Vicariage Woods, Mayfield, E.Sussex, 30.4.1926, A.H.Wolley-Dod. (K); Great Britain: Wood near the station Amersham, Busks. 30.4.1946, F.M.Day (K); Sweden: Prov. Södermanland Paroecia Ornö, Långvik, in abiegno herboso subhumido, 23.6.1927, E.Asplund (K); Norway: Vigeland, Christiansand S., 6.1904, J.S.Gamble 28930 (K); Denmark: Möens Klint: very common in beechwoods, 20.6.1949, W.R.Price (K);

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Belgium: Bois montueux Chaleux (Namur), 130 m, 15.5.1896, P.Crock (K); Switzerland: Grancia, below San Salvatore, Lugano, canton Ticino, 1700 ft, 6.5.1931, J.E.Lonsley (K); Romania: Transsilvania distr. Cluj, in silva „Fǎget“ supra oppid. Cluj, alt. 620 m, 11.5.1923, Gh. Bujorean & E.I.Nyárády (K), Croatia: near Plitvice Lake, ca. 640 m, 18.6.1936, H.P.Thompson (K); Bosnia: in silvis an „Dvorište“ pr. Kasidol, 1360 m, 14.6.1932, Maly (K); Montenegro: Mt. Durmitor, 4500-5000 ft, July 1932, H.P. & Mrs. Thompson (K); Albania: Distr. Of Moskopolë W. of Korcë: Ostrovicë Range, 6200 ft, 5.7.1933, A.H.G.Alston & N.Y.Sandwith (K); Bulgaria: hills south of Varna, 20.4.1924, B.Gilliat-Smith (K); Greece: Flora of Thrace, Emirli, 200 m, 8.5.1932, H.G.Ted 832 (K). Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) Britton, Stern & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat.: 4 (1888).

≡ Arabis bulbosa Schreb., Mühl. Catal.: 61 (1813); Spreng. Fl. Hal. Mant.: 46 Ind. loc.: “Pens. Americae Septentrionalis.” Type: HT? – Clayton 99, no. 45

≡ Dracamine bulbosa (Schreb.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 40 (1915). = Cardamine rhomboidea (Pers.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 246 (1821). ≡ Dentaria rhomboidea (Pers.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 124 (1896). ≡ Arabis rhomboidea Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 204 (1807). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Amer. Septentrion. Humidis Turpin.” Type: = Cardamine rhomboidea var. pilosa O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 426 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “United States: New York: pr. New York (H. C.); pr. Buffalo (H. C.); Maryland: Montgomery Co. (H. C.); Ohio: pr. Cleveland (H. B., H. N.); Illinois: pr. Chicago (H. Vr.); Missouri:Corter Co. (H. C.).” Type:

= Cardamine rhomboidea var. hirsuta O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 426 (1903). Ind. loc.: “United States: New York: pr. Utica (H. Boiss.); ad Niagara Falls (H. B.); New Jersey: pr. Hamburg (H. N.); Pennsylvania: pr. Sayre (H. Z.), Westmoreland Co. (H. N.); Ohio: pr. Point Place (H. C.), in Miami Co. (H. var.), pr. Columbus (H. C., H. V., H. Boiss.); Illinois: pr. Doroneis Grove (H. P. Ac.); Arkansas: (H. D.); Kentucky: pr. Lexington (H. Boiss., H. C., H. V.).” Type:

= Cardamine rhomboidea var. parviflora O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 426 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Canada: pr. Amherstburgh (H. C.). United States: Vermont pr. Rutland (H. N., H. C.); Connecticut: pr. New Hawen (H. Vr.); Pennsylvania: pr. West Chester (H. V.); pr. Pittsburgh (H. V.); Illinois: (H. H.); Jowa: pr. Ames (H. N., H. B.), pr. Grinnell (H. Vr.), Boone Co. (H. C., H. N.); Missouri: pr. St. Louis (H. B.); Kansas: pr. St. George (H. N.).” Type:

Chromosome number: n=28 (Easterly N.W. 1963 – U.S.A [Ohio]) n=32, 48 (Harth T.W. & Eshbaugh W.H. 1976 – U.S.A) 2n=16 (Freeman C.C. & Brooks R.E. 1988 – U.S.A [Iowa]) 2n=64 (Lewis W.H., StriplingH.L. & Ross L.G. 1962 – U.S.A [Texas]; Rollins R.C. 1993 –

without locality; Löve Á. & Löve D. 1982 - Canada) Distribution: Northern America: 71. MAN; 72. ONT, QUE; 74. ILL, IOW, KAN, MIN, MSO, NDA, NEB, OKL, SDA, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, RHO, VER, WVA; 77. TEX; 78. ALA, ARK, DEL, FLA, GEO, KTY, LOU, MRY, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Pennsylvania: near Kenney, 20.5.1901, J.H.Ahafer (PR); USA: Illinois: Chicago, 2.5.1862, F.Scammon (PR) [as Cardamine rhomboidea]. Cardamine calcicola W.W.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 203 (1918).

Ind. loc.: “China: -Yunnan, mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27°45`N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Plant of 6-12 inches. In fruit. Crevices of limestone cliffs.”

Type: July 1913, G.Forest no. 10,471 Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine caldeirarum Guthnick, in Seub., Fl. Azor.: 43 (1844).

Ind. loc.: “Hab.: ad rivulos regionis sylvaticae et praesertim intra Crateres exstincos, incolis “Caldeiras“ dictos; in ins. Flores fere usque ad maris littora descendit; specim. nostr. ex ins. St, Miquel.” Original material: Herbarium Hookerianum 1867 – in humidis montis Azoricar, 1838, Guthnick (K)

Chromosome number: 2n=? Distribution: Africa: 21. AZO. Representative herbarium specimens: Africa: Azores: Hill in Zayal, 6.1842, H.C.Watson (K); Azores: Sao Miquel, Pico de Vara, near Tronqueira, c.6 km along Nordeste to Provoacão road, 570 m., 25.7.1985, S.Parry (BM); Azores: in humidis ins. St. Miquel, 5.1838, C.Hochst (P). Cardamine californica (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Francisc.: 266 (1891).

≡ Dentaria californica Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 88 (1838). Ind. loc.: “Monterey, Upper California.” Type: = Cardamine californica var. robinsoniana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 385 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “California: leg. Buchez (H. D.), Marin Co. pr. Olema leg. W. L. Jepson 1897 (H. C.), Marin Co. in Bear Valley 1892 leg. Edw. L. Greene (H. Boiss, non C. cuneata!), in Angel Island legg. A. Kellogg et W. G. W. Harford 1869 (H. Boiss., non C. cuneata!, H. C.), ibidem leg Edw. L. Greene 1883 (H. N.), pr. S. Diego leg. M. E. Jones 1882 (H. B.).”. Type:

= Cardamine californica var. fecunda O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 386 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Pr. S. Berhandino leg W. G. Wright 1881 (H. C. cum specie typ.).” Type:

= Cardamine californica var. pubescens O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 388 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Saepe cum species typica: Humbolt Co. ad Freshwater fl. Leg. V. Rattan 1878 (H. C.), Amador Co. in Grass Valley 830m. leg. G. Hansen 1896 (H. D.), ibidem ad New York Falls 667m. leg. idem 1892 (H. B., H. Boiss, H. D., H. Vr., H. N.), in Sierra Nevada leg Ms. R. M. Austin 1886 (H. Vr.).” Type:

= Cardamine californica var. brevistyla O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 389 (1903).

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Ind. loc.: “Saepe cum typo: California: leg. Hartweg, leg. Cl. Rutter (H. N.), Marin Co. 500 m leg. W. H. Brewer 1860-62, pr. Costa leg. idem (H. C.).” Type:

Cardamine californica var. californica Chromosome number: n=8,16 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A [California]) 2n=32 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality) Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine californica (Nutt.) Greene var. cardiophylla (Greene) Rollins, Harvard Pap.

Bot. 4: 44 (1993). ≡ Cardamine cardiophylla Greene, Fl. Francisc.: 266 (1891). Ind. loc.: “In Weldon Cañon of the Vaca Mountains, Solano Co.” Type: 1.3.1885, W.L.Jepson no. 14731 (Herbarium of W.L.Jepson=CAVA?) ≡ Dentaria californica var. cardiophylla (Greene) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 576 (1936). ≡ Cardamine californica prol. cardiophylla (Greene) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 388 (1903).

≡ Dentaria cardiophylla (Greene) B.L.Rob., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 155 (1895). ≡ Dentaria integrifolia var. cardiophylla (Greene) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 426 (1925); [ Fl. W. Calif.: 222 (1901)].

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine californica var. cuneata (Greene) Rollins, Havard Pap. Bot. 4: 44 (1993).

≡ Cardamine cuneata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 74 (1885). Ind. loc.: “in the interior of Monterey County on mountains sides near Jolon.”

Original material: 18.3.1884, E.L.Greene (CAS, GH). ≡ Cardamine californica subsp. cuneata (Greene) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 386 (1903). ≡ Dentaria cuneata (Greene) Greene, Pittonia 3: 123 (1896). ≡ Dentaria californica var. cuneata (Greene) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 576 (1936).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine californica var. integrifolia (Nutt.) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 44 (1993).

≡ Dentaria integrifolia Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 88 (1838). Ind. loc.: “Plains of Monterey, Upper California.”

Type: (British Museum of Natural History) ≡ Cardamine integrifolia (Nutt.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 389 (1887). ≡ Cardamine californica proles integrifolia (Nutt.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 386 (1903). ≡ Dentaria californica var. integrifolia Nutt. (Detling), Amer. J. Bot 23: 576 (1936).

Chromosome number: n=16 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A)

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Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine californica var. sinuata (Greene) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 387 (1903).

≡ Cardamine sinuata Greene, Erythea 1: 148 (1893). Ind. loc.: “Redwoods near Crescent City, in the extreme northwest of California, April, 1892, Thomas Howell.”

Original material: 24.4.1892, Thomas Howell no. 1409 (MO, US). ≡ Dentaria sinuata (Greene) Greene, Pittonia 3: 123 (1896).

≡ Dentaria californica var. sinuata (Greene) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 576 (1936). = Dentaria integrifolia var. tracyi Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 426 (1925).

Ind. loc.: “Woods, Van Duzen River, Humboldt Co. (Blue Slide, Tracy 5426, type).” Type:

= Cardamine integrifolia var. sinuata (Greene) C.L.Hitchc., Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(2): 469 (1964). Ind. loc.: “near Crescent City, Calif.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine calthifolia H.Lév., Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 281 (1914). Ind. loc.: “Vallée de Kiao-Mé-Ti. 3.000 m., mai 1913.” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHS-GD; 41. MYA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine carnosa Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2:137-138, tab. 129 (1803). Ind. loc.: “Crescit inter lapides liberos in quos alpes calcareae: Bádány & Debelo-

Berdo catenae Velebich, Croatiam a Dalmatiam separandis, fatiscunt.” Type: LT – (Chrtek & Skočdopolová 1982: 211): In Croatischen und Dalmatischen Alpen [labeled by Waldstein] (PR no. 155754/147).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 13. ALB, GRC, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MA, YUG-MN. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Hercegovina: In fissuris rupinum ad decliv paed Velež prope locum Jasac Kuk dictum parissima (prope Mostar), ca. 1500 m, 8.1894, D.K.Wandaz (K); Albania: Tomor nar 1950-2100 m in bewegl. Grobschutt, 17.7.1938, F.Leunperg (K); Albania: Tomor Range, bare summit of Abbas Ali, 8000 ft, 14.8.1935, A.H.G.Alston & N.YSandwith (K); Macedonia: Sar planina, Macedonia, Ljubotén, NW of Skopje, 7000 ft, 12.7.1959, J.D.A.Stainton (K); Greece: Mt. Olympuss, W of Refuge „A“ by remnaut glacia, 7250 ft, 7.1968, C.Grey-Wilson (K); Greece: Epirus, Montes Timphi, in declivibus borealibus cacuminis Astraka, ca.1900 m, 14.7.1958, K.H.Rechinger (K); Greece: Habit in reg. alpina m. Olimpi Thessaliae, 5000-8000 ft, 3.8.1885, Theodorus G. Orphanides (JE). Cardamine caroides C.Y.Wu ex W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 16 (1987).

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Ind. loc.: “Sichuan, Jioulong, Metikonga, alt. 3800m, in pratis alpinis.” Original material: 6.7.1937, Yu Te-tsun no. 6889 (PE). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine castellana Lihová et Marhold, Taxon 52(4): 795 (2003). Ind. loc.: “Spain, prov. Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, Hoyos del Espino, near Hoyos del

Collado.” Type: HT – (Lihová et al. 2003: 795): Spain, prov. Ávila, Sierra de Gredos, Hoyos del

Espino, near Hoyos del Collado, 1500 m, 10.5.2001, Lihová (SAV); IHT: (SALA, BC, MA).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Lihová J., Marhold K. & Tribsch A. 2003 - Spain) Distribution: Europe: 12. SPA-SP. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Puerto de Somiedo entre León y Asturias, 1970, Rivas Goday & Izco (MA 22424); Spain: Sierra de Gredos, Hoyos del Espino – Refugio del Rey, 1971, Marxmüller & Gleisner (M); Spain: Piedrahita, 1983, Valle & Iglesias (SALAF 72684); Spain: Hoyo del Espino, 1983, Ladero & Iglesias (SALAF 65070); Spain: Pinar de Hoyocasero, 1987, Giráldez & Rico (SALA 56244); Spain: Porto, Valle del rio Bibey, 1989, Casaseca, Rico & Giráldez (MA 466933); Spain: Porto, Sierra Segundera, Moncalvillo, 1993, Aldasoro, Martínez Ortega, Pérez & Rico (SALA 56245); Spain: Porto, Valle del río Bibey, 1989, Casaseca, Giráldez & Rico (SALA 47050). Cardamine changbaiana Al-Shehbaz, Novon 10: 323 (2000).

Ind. loc.: “China, Jilin: Changbai Shan, Tianchi, rocky slopes, 2600 m, 1. Aug. 1957, Qian Jiaju 580.”

Type: HT: 1.8.1957, Qian Jiaju no. 580 (PE); PT: (PE, LE). = Cardamine resedifolia var. morii Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 303 (1914).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Korea: in arenis lapidosis vulcani Paiktusan, VIII. 1913 (T.Mori). VIII. 1914 (T. Nakai.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHM-JL; 38. KOR-NK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine chelidonia L., Sp. Pl.: 655 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Sibiria, Italia.” Type: Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality) n=16, 2n=32 (Krahulcová A. 1991 – Czech Republic), 2n=ca.64 (Verlaque L. et al. 1993 - Italy) Distribution: Europe: 10. GRB; 11. CZE-CZ; 12. COR; 13. ITA-IT, SIC-SI, YUG-BH, YUG-CR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Allien Flora of England No H2018/38, by a small stream in a park close to Telsworth, Oxford, 8.1938, Hon. Mrs. Gore

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(K); Czech republic: Moravia boreo-occidentalis, distr. Šumperk, in nemore in declivi supra viam ferream versus orientem a pago Bludov, 300 m, 9.5.1967, V.Vašák (BRNOU); Croatia: Velebit, in lapidosis vallis Bunnyevacka Draga prope Raduć, 28.8.1908, A. de Degen (K, FI); Croatia: in silvis infra m. Visocica, 20.8.1875, Borbáš (BRNM); Italy: in silvis abietinis Apennini Pistorien sis, prope Boscolungo, 1300 m, 27.6.1876, E.Levier (BRNOU); Italy: Gargano promentory, Foresta Umbra, 27.4.1977, J.J.Wood 228 (K); Italy: Gruppo del Pollino, Mt Sersa Crinpo, in silvis, 1700 m, 27.7.1935, Gavioli (BRNOU); Italy: Majella, Pennapiedimonte-Valle di Selva Romana, 1100 m, 17.6.1972, L.Feoli Chiapella (FI); Italy: In silva abiegna, locis umbrosioribus ad Boscolugno in Apennino Pistoriensi, 23.8.1887, E.Levier (PR). Cardamine chenopodiifolia Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 195 (1807). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Monte-Video.” Type: = Heterocarpus fernandezianus Phil., Bot. Zeitung 14: 641 (1856). Ind. loc.: “Juan Fernandez.” Type: = Cardamine argentina Speg., Contr. Fl. Sierra Vent.: 12 (1896).

Ind. loc.: “Los pobladores dan tambien á esta especie el nombre de Berro criollo y lo comen como el anterior.”

Type: Chromosome number: 2n=64 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality) Distribution: Southern America: 83. BOL; 84. BZ; 85. AGE-BA, AGE-CH, AGE-CN, AGE-ER, AGE-FO, AGE-MI, CL, PAR, URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Uruguay: Pocitos, Carrasco, distr. Montevideo, 8.1924, Dr. G.Herter 62 (PR); Uruguay: Flora Enteriana, 9.1887, Dr. P.Lorentz 1189 (PR). Cardamine cheotaiyienii Al-Shehbaz & G.Yang, Harvard Pap. Bot. 3(1): 73 (1998).

≡ Hilliella alatipes (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.H.Zhang et H.W.Li var. macranthus Y.H.Zhang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8 (4): 402 (1986). Ind. loc.: “China Yunnan: Malipo, Guan-gaw, 1000 m.” Type: HT: 14.2.1940, C.W.Wang et al. no. 86836 (KUN); IT: (IBSC).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHS-GX, CHS-HN. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH; 41.LAO. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: Hunan: Long-shan Co., L.H.Liu 1554 (NAS); China: Guangxi: Bing Long, Miu Shan, N Luchen, R.C.Ching 6044 (IBSC, PE, W); China: Guizhou: Jiang-Kou Co., Z. S. Zhang et al. 401919 (PE); China: Sichuan: near the Sichuan-Hubei border, H.F.Zhou 108309 (IBSC); China: Yunnan: Yangbi Xian, W side of Diangcang Shan, Malutang in the vicinity of Chang Shan, 25°46´N, 100°01´E, Bartholomew et al. 452 (A, CAS, KUN, PE, US). Asia-Tropical: Bhutan: Above Mongar, Grierson & Long 1998 (E); near Chendebi, Ludlow, Sherriff & Hicks 17056 (BM, E); Pimi Pumthang, Cooper, Bulley & Cheshire 4171 (BM); Laos: Lao, Trashi Yangsi Chu, Ludlow, Sherriff & Hicks 20829 (BM).

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Cardamine chiriensis Miyabe & Tatew., Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 260 (1936). Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. SAK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Sakhalin, 3.8.1935, S.Suguhara (KYO). Cardamine ciliata Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 77 (1892).

Ind. loc.: “In insula Macloviana ad Port Stanley legit decembri 1884 cl. Doctor Carolus Martin.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine circaeoides Hook. f. et Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 144 (1861).

Ind. loc.: “In Himalaya orientali temperata, Sikkim interiore, sylvis, alt. 5000-7000 ped.! J.D.H. (v.v.).”

Type: = Cardamine agyokumontana Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan 3: 19 (1913). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Mt. Agyoku, 4000 ped. alt.” Type: Juni. 1909, S.Kató = Cardamine heterandra J.Z.Sun & K.L.Chang, Taiwania 41(2): 113 (1996). Ind. loc.: “Gansu province: Wudu county, Pan di xiang, under trees, Alt. 1,900 m.” Type: HT: 19.4.1993, Bai Shui Jiang complex expedition team, S. coll. no. 2209

(LZU). = Cardamine insignis O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 439 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China australis: prov. Yunnan in silvis 2000 m leg. A.Henry n. 13090

(H.B.).” Type: = Cardamine macrocephala Z.M.Tan et S.C.Zhou, J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 33(5): 601

(1996). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Tianquan County, Erlong Mountain, Xingou.” Type: 6. June 1959, Tianquan Exped. 665 (CDBI). = Cardamine reniformis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: 50 (1908). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In monte Morrison, ad 7500 ped. Alt., leg. T.Kawakami et U.Mori,

Oct. 1906 (No. 1982).” Type: = Cardamine violifolia O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 440 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China centarlis: prov. Hupeh pr. Ichang leg. A.Henry 10.1887 n.3298

(H.B.), H.B.Boiss, H.C.).” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHN-GS, CHS-GD, CHS-GX, CHS-HN; 38. KOR-SK (Island Cheju), TAI; 40. EHM, IND; 41. LAO, MYA, THA, VIE. Representative herbarium specimens:

29

Asia-Temperate: Bhutan: Tinlegang (1750 m), Gon Chungnang (1800 m), 1800 m, 5.5.1967, H.Kanai et al. 14868 (TI). Cardamine clematitis Shuttl., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45 (1880).

Ind. loc.: “Wet ground along streamlets in the higher Iron or Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, collected in 1844 by Rugel, and about same time by Buckley; common in the higher wooded parts of Roan Mountain, where it was collected in June, 1879, by Messrs., Canby, Redfield, Sargent, and myself.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 75. WVA; 78. ALA, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O.Schwarz, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46:

188 (1939). ≡ Dentaria concatenata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30 (1803).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Nova Anglia et altissimis montibus Carolinae.” Type: = Cardamine laciniata (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.Wood, Amer. Bot. Fl.: 38 (1870), non Steudel. ≡ Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 479 (1800). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Pensylvania.” Type: Chromosome number: n=64, 128 2n=ca.240 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) n=128 (Easterly N. W. 1963 – U.S.A [Ohio] as Dentaria laciniata Muhl.) 2n=ca.240 (Montgomery F.H. 1955 – U.S.A [Ontario] as Dentaria laciniata Muhl.) Distribution: Northern America: 72. NBR, ONT, QUE; 74. ILL, KAN, MIN, MSO, NDA, NEB, OIW, OKL, SDA, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, VER, WVA; 77. TEX; 78. ALA, ARK, DEL, FLA, GEO, KTY, LOU, MRY, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine conferta Jurtzev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 311 (1965). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in jugis Suntar-Chajata et Czerskii.”

Type: HT: Jacutia orientalis, in montibus Suntar-Chajata, in parte superiore fl. Indigirka flumina Burgali et Mugdugsik, in tundra muscosa, 5. 7. 1958, B.Jurtzev (LE); IT: (LE).

Chromosome number: 2n=48 (Yurtsev B.A. & Zhukova P.G. 1982 – Russia [Khr. Ulakhan-Chistaj, r. Tirekhtyakh];

Yurtsev B.A. & Zhukova P.G. 1972 – Russia [Kolymskoe nagorje, Utinskij pereval]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. MAG (endemic). Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine constancei Detling, Madroño 3: 176 (1935).

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Ind. loc.: “Humus soil under Abies-Thuja climax, [Canadian Zone], 4 mi. Below Lowell, on Three Devils Creek, at Middle Fork of Clearwater River, Selway National Forest, Idaho County, Idaho.” Type: HT: 2.6.1935, Constance et al. no. 1108 (DS 229378); IT: (NO, PR, NY).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. IDA. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Idaho, rich humus under coniferous climax, Middle Fork of Clearwater Creek at month of Three Devils Creek, 4 mi. Below lowelly Nez Perce Nat. Forest, 31.5.1936, L.Consatnce & R.C.Rollins 1607 (PR). Cardamine cordata Barnéoud, in C.Gay, Fl. Chil. 1: 109 (1846).

Ind. loc.: “Se cria en los lugares húmedos de las cordilleras de Coquimbo.” Type:

= Cardamine calbucana Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 41: 668 (1872). Ind. loc.: “volcan de Calbuco.” Type: C. Juliet 1872

= Cardamine monticosa Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 72 (1892). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in valle Las Vainas dicto Andium provinciae Colchangua.” Type:

= Cardamine rostrata var. alpina Chodat & Wilczek, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 288 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Cajon del Burro, prés des sources, vers 3000 m., n. 431.” Type:

= Cardamine triphylla Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 72 (1892). Ind. loc.: “In valle fluminis Palena habitat. Dr. Frid. Delfin.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, AGW-ME, CL-dopl. (CLC, CLS) Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine cordifolia A.Gray, Pl. Fendler.: 8 (1849). Ind. loc.: “Margin of Santa Fé Creek, in the mountains.” Type: IST: M.E.Jones no. 1251 (NY). = Cardamine uintahensis F.J.Herm., Rhodora 36: 410 (1934). Ind. loc.: “Muddy bank of Mill creek at 8500ft., elevation, S.W. base of Mt. Elizabeth

(6 miles S.E. of the Goodman Ranch), Summit Co., Uinta Mts., Utah.” Type: HT: 13.8..1933. F.J.Hermann no. 5894. (GH); IT: (MICH). = Cardamine cordifolia var. diversifolia O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 438 (1903). Ind. loc.: “New Mexico pr. Santa Fé. Legg. A. A. et E. Gertrude Heller 1897 (H. C.,

H. Vr., H. Z.).” Type: = Cardamine cordifolia var. pilosa O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 438 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “America borealis: Colorado: legg. J. D. Hooker et A. Gray 1877 (H. C.), North Park pr. Jeller leg. Ch. S. Sheldon 1884 (H. N.), Pagosa Peak leg. C. F. Baker 1899 (H. Vr.), pr. Caribou leg. E. Penard 1891 n. 57 (H. Boiss.); New Mexico: in montibus pr. Santa Fé legg. A. Fendler 1847 n. 28 (H. B., H. Boiss, H. N.), F. H. Snow (H. N.), New Mexico pr. Santa Fé. Legg. A. A. et E. Gertrude Heller 1897 (H. C., H.

31

Vr., H. Z.); Utah: pr. Marysvale leg. idem 1894 (H. Boiss, H. N.); Washington: Cascade Mts. et Columbia Superior leg. Exped. Wilkes n. 1094 (H. N.), Wenatchee Mts. in Kittitas Co. 1897 n. 435 (H. D.), Columbia Co. leg. R. M. Horner 1897 (H. C., H. N.); Rocky Mts. 39-41° lat. legg. E. Hall et J. P. Harbour 1862 n. 34 (H. Boiss.).” Type:

Cardamine cordifolia var. cordifolia Chromosome number: n=12 (Rodman J. E. & Bhargava M. in Löve Á. 1976 – U.S.A [Colorado]; Rodman J. E. in

Löve Á. 1978 – U.S.A [Colorado]) 2n=24 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – U.S.A [Colorado]; Löve Á. et al. 1971 – U.S.A [Colorado]) Distribution: Northern America: 73. IDA, WYO; 76. ARI, NEV, UTA; 77. NWM. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Utah, Carbon Co., CC Range Creek, 7 miles due NE of Sunnyside, Range Creek Canyon, 9000 ft, 23.6.1977, S.L.Welsh & K.Taylor 15127 (NY); USA: Utah, Piute Co., Tushar Mts., head of Bullion Canyon, 9 miles WSW of Marysvale, ca. 10 000 ft, 28.7.1976, S.L.Welsh, K.Taylor & D.Atwood 14061 (NY); USA: Utah, Salt Lake Co., ca. Big Cottonwood Canyon, approx. 3 miles above S turn between Big Cottonwood Creek and State Hwy. 152, immediately above the proposed Argenta Dam site, 19.6.1967, W.J.Stubbs 79 (NY); USA: Utah, Garfield Co., located in Pine Canyon at a spring that feeds Clay Creek, ca. 2 miles east of Pine Lake Campground, escalante RD/Dixie NF, 2590 m, 8.7.2000, M.Madsen 1042 (NY); USA: Utah, Duchesne Co., Uinta Mountains, Rhoades Canyon, 8500 ft, 30.6.1998, A.Huber & C.Wedig 3718 (NY); USA: Utah, Washington Co., Pine valley, middle fork of Santa Clara River, 2300 m, 26.6.1999, L.C.Higgins 20552 (NY); USA: Utah, San Juan Co., along Indian Creek, Abajo Mts., 13 miles W of Monticelo, 9100 ft, 1.7.1961, A.Cronquist & N.H.Holmgren 9402 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Canyon S of Scout Camp, Lamoille Canyon, 3.9.1941, A.H.Holmgren 1974 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Jarbidge Mts., Coon Creek, 9000 ft, 5.8.1941, A.H.Holmgren 1650 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Pole Canyon, Clover Mts., 23.6.1941, A.H.Holmgren 1212 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Jarbridge Mts., head Coon Creek, vic. of Coon Creek Snow Cabin, 9.8.1943, B.Maguire & A.H.Holmgren 22398 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Clover Mts., 7000 ft, 9.1868, S.Watson 79 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., canyon S of Scout Camp, Lamoille Canyon, 3.9.1941, A.H.Holmgren 1974 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Jarbridge Mts., near the head of the S fork of Cottonwood Creek, NE of Gods Pocket Peak, 8200 ft, 41°48´N, 115°16´W, 15.7.1985, A.Tiehm 9952 (NY); USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., Sierra Nevadas, Carson Range, Galena Creek, 1.5 miles ESE of Mt. Rose Peak, 7900 ft, 39°20´N, 119° 53´W, 26.8.1982, A.Tiehm 7573 (NY). Cardamine cordifolia var. incana A.Gray ex M.E.Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 620

(1895). Ind. loc.: “No. 5341a, June 1, Marysvale, Utah, 7000° alt., in gravel, in cold springs.”

Type: ≡ Cardamine incana (A.Gray et M.E.Jones) A.Nels, Bot. Gaz. 42: 50 (1906).

= Cardamine cardiophylla Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 280 (1901). Ind. loc.: “Colorado: Tennessee Pass, Lake County, 1900, Gco. E. Osterhout, 2178

(type); 1893, De Alton Saunders; Camp beyound Bent`s Fort, 1845, Fremont, 429.” Type: = Cardamine infausta Greene, Pittonia 4: 307 (1901). Ind. loc.: Type:

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= Cardamine cordifolia var. pubescens A.Gray ex O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 439 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Utah in Thousard Lake Mt. Leg. J. W. Powell 1875 n. 396 sub nomine C. c. var. pubescens Asa Gray msc.! (H. C., H. N.), pr. Marysvale leg. M. E. Jones 1894 n. 5341a (H. N.).”

Type: IST: M.E.Jones no. 5341 (NY). Chromosome number: 2n=24 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) Distribution: Northern America: 73. COL; 76. UTA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine cordifolia var. lyallii (S.Watson) A.Nelson et J.F.Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 61: 31

(1916). ≡ Cardamine lyallii S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 466 (1887). Ind. loc.: “In the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington Territory (Wilkes, Lyall, 29 Hall, G. R. Vasey, J. Howell); Blue Mountains, Oregon (Cusick); Clover Mountains, Nevada (Watson).”

Type: ≡ Cardamine cordifolia subsp. lyallii (S.Watson) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 438 (1903).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 71. BRC; 73. CAL, IDA, ORE, WAS; 76. NEV. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., Toiyabe National Forest, 2 road miles east of Galena Creek County Park on highway 431, then 5 miles west up Thomas Creek, 2667 m, 21.6.1997, J.Matthew Johnson 129 (NY); USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., along Galena Cr., 1 mile above Public Camp Ground, Tahoe National Forest, 6400 ft, 16.7.1937, W.A.Archer 5686 (NY); USA: Nevada, Washoe Co., Galena Creek, 8000 ft, 1.8.1906, P.B.Kennedy 1246 (NY); USA: eastern Oregon, wet borders of Aneroid Lake, Wallowa Mts., 7000 ft, W.C.Cusick 2314 (PR). Cardamine corymbosa Hook f., Fl. Antarctica 1: 6 (1847). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Cambell`s Island; on turfz ground near the sea, common.” Type: = Cardamine uniflora (Hook.f.) Allan, Fl. New Zeal. 1: 183 (1982). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. uniflora Hook. f., Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 1: 12 (1864). Ind.loc.: Type: Chromosome number: n=24 (Pritchard G.G. 1957 – N. Zealand); 2n=48 (Moore D.M. 1960 - Macquarie Island) Distribution: Australasia: 50. TAS, VIC; 51. ATP, NZN, NZS. Antarctic: 90. MAQ. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine crassifolia Pourr., Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 310 (1788). Ind. loc.: “Dans les Pyrénées, á Salvanaire.” Type: LT – (Marhold et al. 2002: 293): Cardamine crassifolia P. / foliis pinnatis

carnosis, foliolis integris ovatis, floribus umbellatis, s.a. [Pouret] (P).

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≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. crassifolia (Pourr.) P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France: 413 (1936).

= Cardamine nuriae Sennen, Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 3: 70 (1917). Ind. loc.: “Hab.-Catalogne. Pyrénées, tourbiéres et bords des torrents á Nuria entre 2000 et 3000 m.” Type: LT - (Marhold et al. 2002: 293): Catalogne: Pyrénées à Núria, ruisseaux et tourbières, 2000 à 2200 m, 8.1914, Sennen [Plantes d´ Espagne 1906] (BC – Sennen 805517); ILT: (BM, M).

≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. nuriae (Sennen) Sennen, Monde Pl., Ser. 3, 30 (63/178): 7 (1929).

= Cardamine mariae Sennen, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 25: 65 (1926). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Cerdagne: Les Escaldes, dans les praires, vers 1350 m (F. Jude Marie);

Vallée ď Angoustrine, vers 1550 m; Vallée ď Eyne, aux bords du torrent, 1900 á 2150 m.”

Type: LT - (Marhold et al. 2002: 293): Cerdagne: Vallée d´ Angoustrine, praires humides vers. 1550 m, 17.7.1919, Jude Maire [Sennen – Plantes d´ Espagne 3656] (BC-Sennen 839298).

≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. mariae (Sennen) Sennen, Monde Pl., Ser. 3, 30 (63/178): 7 (1929).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Lihová J., Marhold K. & Tribsch A. 2003 – Spain, France) Distribution: Europe: 12. FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Andorra: La cortinada (Andorre), en bordure des sources sur la rive droite du riu, en amont du village, 1400 m, 16.6.1973, J.Jallu 8958 (C), Spain: Cerdagne, Vallée ďAngoustrine, 1919, Sennen (BC-Sennen); Spain: Catalogne, Pyrénées à Núria, 1913, Sennen (BC-Sennen); Spain: Gerona, Queralbs, vall de Núria, Nou Creu, 1993, Monasterio et al. (MA); Spain: Nuria, come de les Mulleres, 1921, Barnades (BC); Spain: Núria, Vall de les Mollera, 1958, Vigo, Villar, Recabado et al. (BC); Spain: In Pyrenaeis Cataloniae, supra Meranges, 1950, Capell (BC); France: Cerdagne, Font Romeu, 1928, Sennen (BC-Sennen); France: Pyrénées Orbs., Le Capcir à Camporreils, 1919, Sennen (BC-Sennen); France: Pyrenees orient., Val de Galbe, P. del Pla de ľOuriet, 1984, Landolt (ZT); France: Dept. Pyrénees Orientales, Lac de Bouillouses, Et. Del Vivé, 1971, Merxmüller & Zollitsch (M). Cardamine forsteri Govaerts, World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1): 13 (1999). Cardamine debilis (G.Forst.) Banks ex DC., Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 201 (1825). ≡ Sisymbrium heterophyllum G.Forst., Prodr. Fl. Insul. Austr.: 46 (1786). Ind. loc.: “Noua Zeelandia.” Type: ≡ Cardamine heterophylla (G.Forst.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 487 (1903). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 51. NZN, NZS. (endemic) Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine delavayi Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 397 (1886).

Ind. loc.: “Yun-nan, ad fontes prope Mo-so-yn, haud procul a Lankong; fl. fr. immat. 2 april 1885 (Delav. n. 1838).”

Type: Chromosome number:

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Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN; 40. EHM-BH. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine densiflora Gontsch., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk.

S.S.S.R 2: 5 (1940). Ind. loc.: “Pamiralaj occidentalis. Jugum Hissaricum. Systema fl. Kaschka-Darja. Fontes fl. Kizil-Darja sub trajectu Kalon. In pratis paludosis regionis subalpinae.”

Type: HT: 7.11.1938, Gončarov no. 218 (LE). = Cardamine seravschanica Botsch., Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 5: 626 (1978). Ind. loc.: “Tadzhikistania, Zeravschania montana, in fluxu superiore fl. Nura, locus

Sary-Chodan dictus, in junipereto, 2700 m s. m., 16 VI 1955, No. 1010, V.I.Zaprjagaeva et A.A.Konnov (LE).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 32. TZK (Western Pamir endemic). Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Nura pass, ca.2350 m, 1892, Komarov (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: upper course of Nura, c.2700 m, 1935, Zaprjagaeva 1010 (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Iskader Kul, ca.2070 m, 1893, Komarov (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Aku-Su valley, ca.2700 m, 1933, Garinenko 220 (MW); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Gava basin, ca.3500 m, 1933, Menesova 543 (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Kali-Kalon basin, ca.2300 m, et ca.3040 m, 1938, Gonťarov 266 et 249 (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Varzob basin, ca. 2500 m, 1944, Pojarkova 1093/2054 (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: Kara-Kyl basin, ca.2400 m, 1974, Kasparova 1984 (LE); Tadzhikistan: Western Pamir: near Argas-Sarytagom, ca.2300 m, 1975, Safarov 769 (LE). Cardamine dentata Schult., Observ. Bot.:126 (1809). Ind. loc.: “Ad rivulos Galiciae.” Type: unknown ≡ Cardamine pratensis var. dentata (Schult.) Wimm. & Grab., Fl. Siles. 2/1: 266

(1829). ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. dentata (Schult.) Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 450

(1875). = Cardamine pratensis var. palustris Wimm. & Grab., Fl. Siles. 2/1: 266 (1829). Ind. loc.: “Zwischen Liebenau und Riemberg.” Type: ≡ Cardamine dentata var. palustris (Wimm. & Grab.) Khatri, Feddes Repert. 97: 281

(1986). ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. palustris (Wimm. & Grab.) Janch., Phyton (Horn) 8:

236 (1959). = Cardamine palustris Peterm., Bot. Centralbl. Deutschl. 1: 47, 48 (1846). Ind. loc.: “Zschocher bei Leipzig.” Type: LT: - (NT) (Marhold 1994: 359): An sumpfigen Stellen unweit Zschocher bei

Leipzig, s. a., Petermann (UPS). = Cardamine paludosa Knaf, Flora 29: 293 (1846). Ind. loc.: “Auf Sumpfwiesen bei Jaromierz; bei St. Iwan (1827).” Type: LT: - (Marhold 1994: 359): Ad Jaromierz Boh., 1841, Knaf (PRC). ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. paludosa (Knaf) Čelak., Živa 4: 78 (1870).

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= Cardamine fragmentosa Pénzes & Vida, Bot. Közlem. 53: 172 (1966). Ind. loc.: “Hungaria, comitatis Pest, prope pagum Soroksár, ad latera rivuli.” Type: Chromosome number: 2n=34 (Májovský J. et al. 1976 – Slovakia [as Cardamine palustris]) 2n=52-54 (Sokolovskaya A.P. & Strelkova O.S. 1962 - Russia [Pamír,Altaj, Kavkaz, Chibin,

vostochny sektor Arktiki-Tiksi]) 2n=56 (Berg C.C. & Segal S. 1966 – Netherlands [as Cardamine palustris]; Lövkvist B. 1957

– Sweden [as Cardamine palustris]; Lippert W. & Heubl G.R. 1988 – Germany [as Cardamine palustris])

2n=56, 64 (Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden, Great Britain [as Cardamine palustris]) 2n=56-64 (Lövkvist B. 1950 – Great Britain, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden,

as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=56, 64, ca.72, ca.80 (Bleeker W. 1997 – Germany) 2n=56, 64, 72, 70, 76, 80, ca.96 (Lövkvist B. 1958 – Sweden [as Cardamine palustris]) 2n=57, 58 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Great Britain, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=58 n=29 (Dale A. & Elkington T.T. 1974 – Great Britain, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=58, 59, 60, 64, 64-66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, (Berg C.C. 1967 – Netherlands, as

Cardamine pratensis) 2n=58, 64 (Banach E. 1950 – Poland, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=60 (Dmitrieva S.A. 1985 – Belarus, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=60-76 (Landolt E. & Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. 1971 – Switzerland [as Cardamine

palustris]) 2n=60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 80, ca.96 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Sweden, as

Cardamine pratensis) 2n=60, 62, 64 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Finland, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=64 (Lambinon J. & Moutschen J. 1964 – Belgium [as Cardamine palustris]; Löve Á. &

Löve D. 1956 – Iceland, as Cardamine pratensis; Lövkvist B. & Hulgard U.-M. 1999 – Iceland, as Cardamine pratensis subsp. polemonioides Rouy; Lövkvist B. 1947 – Sweden, as Cardamine pratensis)

2n=64, 72 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Denmark, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=64, ca.80 (Marhold K. 1984 – Slovakia) 2n=68, 72, 78, 80 (Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia, Ukraine) 2n=68, 72, 76, 78 (Banach E. 1950 – Poland) 2n=ca.70 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1963 – Russia [Kamtchatka], as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=72 (Iľinskij A.P. 1926 – Russia; Bush N.A. 1939 – Russia; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Ireland, as

Cardamine pratensis) 2n=72-76 (80) (Lövkvist B. 1950 – Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, as Cardamine

pratensis) 2n=72, 76, 78, 80, 84, 88 (Spasskaya N. A. 1979 – Russia, Ukraine [Jaroslavskaya,

Kalininskaya, Ľvovskaya, Kareľskaya, Leningradskaya, Pskovskaya, Novgorodskaya, Arkhangeľskaya obl.)

2n=76 (Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland, as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=80 (Marhold K. 1994 – Ukraine; Lövkvist B. & Hulgard U.-M. 1999 – Sweden, as

Cardamine pratensis subsp. paludosa (Knaf) Čelak.; Löve Á. 1982 – Canada [Manitoba, Churchill])

2n=ca. 80 (Parfenov V.I. & Dmitrieva S.A. 1987 – Belarus [as Cardamine palustris]) 2n=88 (Zhukova P.G. 1982 – Russia [R. Chegitun], as Cardamine pratensis) 2n=90 (Zhukova P.G & Petrovsky V.V. 1976 – Russia [Chukotka], as Cardamine pratensis;

Zhukova P.G. 1966 – Russia [Vrangel], as Cardamine pratensis)

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2n=100 (Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1977 – Russia [Chukotka], as Cardamine pratensis) Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, GRB, IRE-IR, IRE-NI, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. FRA-FR; 13. ROM, YUG-CR, YUG-SE?; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUE, RUN, RUS, RUW. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, IRK, KRA, TVA, WSB, YAK; 31. AMU, KAM, KHA, KUR, MAG, SAK. Northern America: 71. MAN Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Finland: Alandia, Mariehamn, Ytternäs, 12.6.1973, B.Federley 106/73 (GZU); Poland: Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, 1965, Baradziej (KRA); Czech republic: Hejčín, 1966, J.Dostál (PR); Slovakia: Abrod, 1986, Grulich (MMI); Slovakia: Strážky, 1987, K.Marhold (SAV); Hungary: Comit Somogy, in dumetis humiis ad pag. Felsörigóc, ca.120 m, 29.5.1923, A.Boros (BP); Hungary: Comit. Somogy, in locis humidis „Nagyberek“ prope Darány, ca.120 m, 14.4.1923, A.Boros (BP); Austria: Kärnten, östliche Gailtaler Alpen, Windische Höhe, östl. Der Kapelle am Waldrand und auf Waldichtungen an nassen Stellen ziemlich häufig, 6.6.1976, S.Wagner [as Cardamine palustris] (KL); Ukraine: Oblasť Lvivska, Rajon Starosambirskij, Staryj Sambir, Teršiv, 1990, Marhold & Kahalo (SAV). Cardamine dentipetala Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13(146): 51 (1899).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Japonia media: monte Togakushi, prov. Shinano, legerunt Matsumura et Yatabe anno 1884. Mense Julio fl. et fr.”

Original material: 7.2.1884, Matsumura? (TI). = Cardamine drakeana Boiss., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(11): 791 (1899).

Ind. loc.: “Mont. á ľEst ďAomori, mai 1887 (Mus.).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Loc. Honshu, Pref. Ishikawa, along the Senzoku-gawa, Yamanaka-cho, Enuma-gun, 320 m, 13.5.1992, Kiyoko Deguchi & Shunsuke Tsugaru 16156 (KYO); Japan: Honshu, Kyoto-fu, Ashu, Miyama-cho, Kitakuwada-gun, 19.4.1992, Reiko Nishimura 461 (KYO). ?? Cardamine dentipetala var. longifructus (Ohwi) Hiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 38(2): 58 (1963).

≡ Cardamine longifructus Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 33(7): 211 (1958). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Honshu (Shiroyama in oppido Iwami, prov. Suwo, leg. Kunio Oka, May 1, 1956, Typus in TNS.) Shikoku, Kyushu.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Prov. Tamba, 1938, T.Makino (KYO). Cardamine depressa Hook f., Fl. Antarct. 1: 6 (1847).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Lord Auckland`s gruop; in gravelly moist places near the sea amongst grass.”

Type: = Cardamine stellata Hook f., Fl. Antarct. 1: 6 (1847).

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Ind. loc.: “Hab. Cambell`s Island; on the débris at the base of precipices in very exposed places.”

Type: ≡ Cardamine depressa var. stellata (Hook f.) Hook f., Handb. New Zeal. Fl.: 12

(1864). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. TAS; 51. NZS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine dichondroides (Speg.) Goaverts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 3(1): 12 (1999).

≡ Cardamine rostrata var. dichondroides Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 7: 212 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In stillicidiosis rupium basalticarum secus Rio Chubut, aest. 1899-900 (N.I.) .” Type:

= Cardamine integrifolia Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 71 (1892), nom. illeg. Ind. loc.: “Habitat locis irriguis ad Thermas Chillanenses, februari 1892 legi.” Type:

= Cardamine integrifolia var. diversifolia O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 431 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Pr. Chillan leg. Philippi (H. Ch.).” Type: Phillippi (Museum National in Santiago-Chile)

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, CL-dopl. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine digitata Richardson, Bot. App.: 743 (1823).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Mackenzie Distr., Barren Grounds from lat. 64° to Arctic Sea, in lat. 69° N. Richardson.” Type: HT: Mackenzie Distr., Barren Grounds from lat. 64° to Arctic Sea, in lat. 69°, s.a., Richardson (BM); IT: (BM, K).

≡ Cardamine richardsonii Hultén, Acta. Univ. Lund. 41(1): 838 (1945). ≡ Cardamine hyperborea O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 550 (1903). = Cardamine hyperborea Schulz var. oxyphylla (Andrz.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 551 (1903). ≡ Cardamine oxyphylla Andrz., Ledeb. Fl. Rossic. 1: 182 (1842), nom. nudum. Ind. Loc.: Type: ≡ Cardamine digitata Richardson var. oxyphylla (Andrz.) Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-

Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 11 (1879). Chromosome number: n=32 (Rollins R.C. 1966 – USA); 2n=28 (Zhukova P.G. 1969 – Russia [Khr. Iskateň, 57-j km trassy] as Cardamine richardsonii

Hult.; Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality; Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1984 – Russia [Chukotka]; Petrovsky V.V. & Zhukova P.G. 1983 – Russia [Vrangel]);

2n=28, 42 (Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1972 – Rusisia [Vrangel]; Zhukova P.G., Petrovsky V.V. & Plieva T.V. 1973 - Russia [Bukhta Somniteľnaya; R. Neizvestnaya]);

2n=42 (Petrovsky V.V. & Zhukova P.G. 1981 – Russia [Vrangel] );

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2n=48 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality); Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. MAG. Northern America: 70. ASK, NUN, NWT, YUK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) A.Wood, Amer. Bot. Fl.: 37 (1875).

≡ Dentaria diphylla Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30 (1803). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in sylvis vastis Tennass0e et montibus altisimis Carolinae.” Type: = Dentaria bifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 443 (1812). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: = Dentaria incisa Small, Fl. SE US: 480 (1903). Ind. loc.: “In open woods, Tennessee.” Type: Chromosome number: 2n=96 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) 2n=96 (Montgomery F.H. 1955 – U.S.A as Dentaria diphylla) Distribution: Northern America: 72. NBR, NSC, ONT, QUE 74. ILL, MSO, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, VER, WVA; 78. ALA, ARK, GEO, KTY, MRY, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine dissecta (Leavenw.) Al-Shehbaz, J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 82 (1988).

≡ Dentaria dissecta Leavenw., Amer. J. Sci. 7: 62 (1824). Ind. loc.: “Cherokee Country.” Type: = Cardamine multifida (Muhl.) A.Wood, Amer. Bot. Fl.: 38 (1875). ≡ Dentaria multifida Muhl., Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 142 (1822). Ind. loc.: “mountains of Carolina.” Type: Schweinitz s.n. ≡ Cardamine laciniata var. mulitifida (Muhl.) J.James, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207 (1883). ≡ Dentaria laciniata var. multifida (Muhl.) S.Watson et J.M.Coult., Gray’s Manual,

ed.6: 64 (1889). ≡ Dentaria heterophylla var. multifida (Muhl.) Ahles, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80:

172 (1964). = Dentaria furcata Small, FL. S.E. US: 480 (1903). Ind. loc.: “In moist or rich woods, Ohio to Tennessee and Alabama.” Type: HT: near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Wm. Johnson s.n. (NY). Chromosome number: 2n= 64, ca 110, 112 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) 2n=ca.112 (Montgomery F.H. 1955 – U.S.A as Dentaria multifida Muhl.) Distribution: Northern America: 74. OKL; 75. INI, OHI, WVA; 78. ALA, ARK, GEO, KTY, MSI, NCA, VRG, SCA, TEN. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Cardamine douglassii (Torr.) Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9: 8 (1889).

≡ Arabis douglassii Torr. ex Torr. et A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 83 (1838), nom. inval, pro syn. Ind. loc.: “Hudson’s Bay, Rocky Mountains, Lake Superior! Western part of the State of New York ! to Kentucky!”

Type: ≡ Dentaria douglassii (Britton) Greene, Pittonia 3: 124 (1896). = Dracamine purpurea (Torr.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 40 (1915). ≡ Arabis rhomboidea Pers. var. purpurea Torr., Amer. J. Sci. 4: 66 (1822). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

≡ Cardamine rhomboidea (Pers.) DC. f. purpurea (Torr.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 424 (1903).

Chromosome number: n=28 (Easterly N.W. 1963 – U.S.A [Ohio]); n=32, ca.30, 48, 72 (Hart T.W., Eshbaugh W.H. 1976 – U.S.A); 2n= 30, 32, 48, 72 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) – doubtful record Distribution: Northern America: 72. ONT; 74. IOW, ILL, MIN, MSO, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MIC, MAS, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, WVA; 78. ALA, ARK, KTY, MRY, NCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: Illinois, Flora Americana, prope Bloomington, 1883, L.M.Underwood (PR); USA: Virginia, Flora Appalachian Mountains, Pruntytown, Taylor co., 25.4.1929, E.L.Core 1154 (PR). Cardamine ecuadorensis Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20:19 (1895).

Ind. loc.: “Ecuador: locis humidis in Andibus orientalibus provinciae Loja, alt. s.m. 3000-3200 m.”

Type: Hieron no.4826 Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. ECU. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine elegantula Hook f. et Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 146 (1861). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Himalya temperata orientali, Bhotan ! alt. 6500 ped., Griffith.” Type: Hutshinia sp., Griff. It. Not.: p.195 (No. 1079). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 40. NEP, EHM-BH. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Bhutan: Tongsa (2000 m), Tratang (2700 m), Uto La Road (2750 m) and return, 2600 m, 14.4.1967, H.Kanai & T.Yamazaki 5995 (TI). Cardamine engleriana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 407 (1903).

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Ind. loc.: “China: prov. Schensi sept. in m. Quan-tou-san leg. G.Giraldi 5.5.1898 in Herb. Biondi n.5985, merid. in m. Tun-u-sse leg. idem 5.5.1898 in Herb. Biondi n.438 (H.B.); prov. Hupeh leg. A.Henry 1885-88 n.1440 (H.C.).”

Type: = Cardamine griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson var. grandifolia T.Y.Cheo & R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot.

Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 25 (1980). Ind. loc.: “Hubei Sheng: Xingshan Xian, alt. 1600 m, 1957, 5.27 (Y.liu) 529 (Typus HN), Badong Xian, alt. 1300 m, 195, V.6.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHS-AH, CHS-FJ, CHN-GS, CHS-HN, CHN-SA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz, Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 127 (1769).

≡ Dentaria enneaphyllos L., Sp. Pl.: 653 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Austria, Italia.” Type: LT - (Marhold 2001: 44): Dentaria triphyllos Bauh. Ad salinas Austriae

Superioris (UPS, herb. Burser, no. XVIII(1): 83). Chromosome number: n=26-27 (Tischler G. 1950 – without locality) – doubtful record 2n=80 (Májovský et al. 1980 – Slovakia; Banach-Pogan E. 1954 – Poland) Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, POL, SWI; 13. ALB, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-KO, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Germany: Flora Bavariae: in silvis muscosis ad lacum Chiemsee, 1864, Progel (K); Slovakia: comitatus Arva, in silvis m. Šíp, ad Kralovany, 2.6.1908, G.Lengyel (BP); Croatia: Istria, Monte Maggiare, 30.4.1899, Evers (GZU); Croatia: Učka Gora, im NE der HJ Istrien, ca. 1200 m, 3.5.1975, W.Möschl & H.Pittoni (GZU); Hungary: Mecsek Gebirge: Auf der Mišina, 4.4.1915, K.Malý (K); Bosna: Trebević, 1580 m, 18.6.1933, B.Gilliat-Smith (K); Slovenia: Julian Alps: near Vogel cable car, Bohinj, 25.6.1990, C.C.Townsed (K); Italy: Venetia, prov. Di Padova: Colli Euganei, in silvis castanearum ad pedem montis Pendice prope Teolo, 21.3.1915, A.Béguinot (K). Cardamine eremita Standl. et Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23(2): 53

(1944). Ind. loc.: “Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: between Tojquiá and Caxín bluff, summit of Sierra de los Cuchumananes, alt. 3,700 meters, on dry rocks and grassy slopes covered by Pinus montezumae var. rudis, August 6,1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50143 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Alpine areas of Tunimá, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3,300-3,500 meters, Steyermark 48291, 48416.”

Type: HT: 6.8.1942, J.A.Steyermark no.50143 (F). ≡ Cardamine bonariensis Pers. subsp. eremita (Standl. et Steyerm.) Sjöstedt, Bot. Not. 128: 15 (1975).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 80. GUA. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Cardamine fargesiana Al-Shehbaz, Novon 10: 324 (2000). Ind. loc.: “China. Sichuan: Tchen-kéou-tin, no specific locality or date given.” Type: HT: R.P.Farges no. 1341 bis (P); IT: (P). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine fialae Fritsch, Österr. Bot. Z. 47: 44. 1897. Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Hercegovina, ubi legit in rupium fissures prope Klobuk 6.V.1892, F.

Fiala” . Type: LT (Kučera et al., 2010): [label 1]: Cardamine maritima Port., In Felsritzen um

Klobuk, bez. Ljubuški, Hercegovina, 6.V.1892, F. Fiala s.n.; [label 2]: Cardamine fialae sp. n., specimen originale!, Differt a C. maritima imprimis pubescentia!, Fritsch, 27.XII.1896 (lectotype designated here: WU!).

≡ C. maritima var. fialae (Fritsch) Sagorski in Österr. Bot. Z. 61: 18. 1911 ≡ C. maritima subsp. fialae (Fritsch) Trinajstić, Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 4: 8. 1976 Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-BH. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Hercegovina: Klobuk um Ružići, bezirk Ljubuški, ca.120 m, 20.4.1897, F.Fiala (JE, K, PR, PRC, B, W, BEO, ZA, SARA); Hercegovina: Klobuk bezirk Ljubuški, 6.5.1892, F.Fiala (PRC, Z); Hercegovina: In Felsritzen an der Strasse zwischen Vitina und Klobúk, bezirk Ljubuški, 6.5.1892, F.Fiala (PRC, SARA). Cardamine flaccida Cham. et Schltdl., Linnaeea 1: 21 (1826).

Ind. loc.: “In herbosis humidis ad Talcaguano regni Chilensis.” Original material: Talcahuano, Chile austr. Poepping 168, Cardamine flaccida n. Chile [written by A. v. Chamisso] (HAL 84865, 84866) ≡ Cardamine bonariensis var. flaccida (Cham. et Schltdl.) J.F.Macbr.

Cardamine flaccida Cham. et Schltdl. subsp. flaccida Chromosome number: n=8 (Rollins R.C. & Rüdenberg L. 1977 – Chile) Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGE-BA, AGE-CD, AGW-CA, CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Costa Rica: San Jose, N of Calle 3, 10.1.1984, Khan, Tebbs & Vickery, No.48 (BM). Cardamine flaccida subsp. alsophila (Phil.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 449 (1903).

≡ Cardamine alsophila Phil., Linnaea 30: 186 (1859-60). Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-SC, CLC, CLS, JNF. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flaccida var. macrantha O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 452 (1903).

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Ind. loc.: “Mexico: pr. S.Pedro et S.Pablo leg. C. Ehrenberg 1839 n. 215 (H. B.).” Type: HT: 1839, C. Ehrenberg no.215 (B).

= Cardamine flaccida subsp. ebracteata O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 452 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Costa Rica: Volcan de Turialba 2500m, leg. Pittier 1889 n. 13097 (H.N.); Mexico: pr. Alamos ad fl. Rio San Miquel in Chihuahua, leg. C.V.Hartman 1891 n.709 (H.C., H.N.), pr. San Adres leg. V. Chrismar 1849 (H.B.).”

Type: = Cardamine bonariensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 195 (1807).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Buenos-Ayres.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 80. COS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flaccida var. ravenii Rollins, Crucifer. Continental N. Amer.: 273 (1993).

Ind. loc.: “steep slope with Quercus, Drimys and Magnolia near ridge crest in the paraje of Banabil, Municipio de Tenejapa, Chiapas, Mexico, elev. 9100 feet.”

Type: HT: 10.10.1965, D.E.Breedlove & Peter H. Raven no.12909 (GH). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXT-CI. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flaccida var. turfosiorum Rollins, Crucifer. Continental N. Amer.: 273 (1993).

Ind. loc.: “herb growing in a peat moss bog, Cordillera de Talamanca, near the Pan American Highway, ca.2000 meters, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica.”

Type: HT: 25.8.1961, Claude Weber no. 6065 (GH). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXC, MXS, MXT. Southern America: 80. COS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flagellifera O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “North Carolina: pr. Tryon, Biltmore Herbarium 20. 4. et 10. 5. 1897 n. 1756 sub nomine C. clematitis Shuttlew. (H. C., H. N., H. V., H. Z.), »in hot springs« frequentissime leg. C. E. Smith 4. 1888 (H. C.), pr. Urbana Ohio leg. Milo G. Williams 1872 n. 186 (H. N.).”

Type: Cardamine flagellifera var. flagellifera Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 75. WVA; 78. GEO, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flagellifera var. hugeri (Small) Rollins, Crucifer. Continental N. Amer.: 274

(1993). ≡ Cardamine hugeri Small, Man. S.E. Fl.: 569 (1933). Ind. loc.: “Mt. Woods, Blue Ridge, Ga. And S. C.-Spr.-Ussually at 1,500-2,000 feet

alt.” Type: Chromosome number:

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Distribution: Northern America: 78. TEN, NCA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine flexuosa With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed.3: 578 (1796).

Ind. loc.: “Rockery at Edgbaston.” Type:

≡ Cardamine scutata Thunb. subsp. flexousa (With.) Hara, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 59 (1952).

= Cardamine arisanensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 20 (1913). ≡ Barbarea arisanense (Hayata) S.S.Ying, Alp. Pl. Taiwan in Color 2: 170 (1978). Ind. loc.: “Endemic known from Mts. Morrison and Hseuh-shan only, at high altitudes

of 3,800-3,997 m, on rocks, rather rare.” Original material: In Monte Morrison, ad 10000-11000 ped. Alt., leg. T.Kawakami et

U.Mori, 1906, Oct. (No.2252); in Montibus Centralibus, Feb. 1908. = Cardamine debilis D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 200 (1825), non DC, nom. illeg. Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Nepalia ad Narainhetty. Hamilton.” Type:

≡ Cardamine flexousa subsp. debilis (D.Don) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 478 (1903).

= Cardamine occulta Hornem., Hort. Hafn. Suppl.: 71 (1819). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in China.” Type: ≡ Cardamine flexuosa var. occulta (Hoernem.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 479 (1903).

= Cardamine sylvatica Link, Phytogr. Bl. 1: 50 (1803). Ind. loc.: not designated Type:

≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. sylvatica (Link) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 4: 663 (1829). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta subsp. sylvatica (Link) Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 451 (1875). = Cardamine zollingeri Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 294 (1854). ≡ Nasturtium obliquum Zoll., Flora 41: 659 (1847). Ind. loc.: “In arenosis et glareosis vulcanicis ad fluviorum ripas Javae orientalis circ.

3000´ s.m.” Type: = Cardamine decurrens (Blume) Zoll. et Moritzi, Syst. Verz.: 35 (1845-46), nom. nud. ≡ Pteroneurum decurrens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 51 (1825). Ind. loc.: “in altis paludosis montis Burangrang Provinciae Krawang.” Type: Chromosome number: n=15 (Beuzenberg E.J. & Hair J.B. 1983 – N. Zealand) – doubtful record n=16 (Pritchard G.G. 1957 – N. Zealand) 2n=ca.32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1960 – Russia [Sakhalin]) 2n=32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1963 – Russia [Kamtchatka]; Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya

A.P. 1988 – Russia [Sakhalin]; Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1984 – Russia [Sakhalin]; K.Marhold 1994 – Ukraine, Slovakia; Májovský et al. 1978 – Slovakia; Gadella Th. W.J. & Kliphuis E. 1963, 1966 – Netherlands; Queirós M. 1973 – Portugal; Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A; Banach-Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Měsíček J. & Javůrková-Jarolímová V. 1992 – Czech Republic; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Thurling N. 1968 – Australia; Hara H. 1952 – Japan; Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden;

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Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Kalininskaya, Zakarpatskaya, Ivano-Frankovskaya obl.]; Luque T. & Diáz Lifante Z. 1991 – Spain [Granada]; Ančev M. & Goranova V. 1999 – Bulgaria)

Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, FOR, GRB, IRE-NI, IRE-IR, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, BGM-LU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. COR, FRA-FR, POR, SPA-SP; 13. ALB, BUL, ITA-IT, ROM, SIC-SI, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-KO, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-KA, BLT-LA, UKR-UK, RUC. Africa: 20. MOR, TUN; 21. CNY; 25. TAN; 26. MLW, ZAM, ZIM; 27. South Africa; 29. MAU. Asia-Temperate: 34. AFG; 36. CHC, CHH, CHI, CHN, CHM, CHQ, CHS, CHT; 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-NK, KOR-SK, TAI. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM, IND, NEP, PAK; 41. LAO, MYA, THA, VIE; 42. MLY, PHI; 42-43. Indonesia. Australasia: 50 NSW, QLD, SOA, TAS, VIC; 51. NZN, NZS. Northern America: 72. NFL-NE, QUE; 74. IOW, NEB; 75. INI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWY, OHI, PEN, WVA; 76. CAL; 78. ALA, ARK, FLA, GEO, KTY, NCA, SCA, VRG; 79. MX. Southern America: 80. COS, PAN; 81. CUB, HAW-HA, PUE; 82. GUY; 83. CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Milford on Sea (SW Hants, No.172), 20.5.1935, J.W.Wyat (K); Ireland: Mulrany, Stella Ros-Craig, 20.8.1947, R.Sealy (K); Sweden: Jämland: Frostviken s.n., Jormlien, 8.7.1934, J.Ax.Nannfeldt (K); Denmark: In silvis humidis ad Flensborg, 1868, G.Jordan (K); Netherlands: Along small watercourse near Terpoorten, vic. of Epen (prov. Limburg), 28.4.1959, Th.W.J.Gadella, E.Kliphuis & E.A.Menega (K); Spain: Huesca, Hecho Bco. Estririella, 1100-1380 m, 9.7.1972, L.Villar (JACA); Portugal: prope Vizen in Beira, 1867, de Paiva (K); France: Gerbamont, Rocheson, Vosges, 6.1878, Pierrat (K); Bosna: Pole, in woods, 7.1933, B.Gilliat-Smith (K); Romania: Crişana distr., Satu Mare, In incultis humidis prope pagum Satulung, ca. 900 m, 2.4.1937, S.Forstner (BP). Africa: Canary Isl.: Grand Canary, Tenerife: Aqua Manza, 1896, H.Collet (K); Morocco: S. Maroco, Greater Atlas, 5.1871, Dr. Hooker (K); Morocco: Marocco, ex monte Beni Hosmar prope Tetuan, 12.4.1871, J.Ball (K); Malawi: S. region, Zomba distr., Zomba plateau, Ku Chave Inn, 21.8.1972, R.K.Brummit (K); Zimbabwe: Rhodesia, Lusaka, 4000 ft, 21.3.1961, E.B.Bast (K); Zimbabwe: Rhodesia, Salisbury, 2.8.1970, H.M.Biegel (K); Mauritius: weed in vegetable garden ab Riche en eau, 29.8.1974, J.H.Julien (K); Zambia: N. Rhodesia, Salisbury distr., vegetable garden house Cleveland Dam, 2.8.1970, H.M.Biegel (K); Tanzania: Tanganyika, Amani, 2950 ft, 19.9.1929, A.P.Greenway (K). Asia-Teperate: China: Yun-nan, 7.4.1906, Fr.Dueloux (P); Japan: Honshu, Pref. Kyoto, at the vicinity of Shizuhara, N of Kyoto city, 19.4.1964, N.Fukuoka & F.Konta 31 (P); Japan: Mie Pref., E of Fukui-no-ura, NW of Kawariji, Miewa-cho, Taki-gun, 3 m, 34°36Ń, 136°35É, 19.4.2001, H.Kudoh, S.Fujii & K.Shimizu 01-060 (TIM); Japan: Knagawa Pref., paddy field, Sakamoto, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, 5.5.2001, H.Kudoh & R.Shimamura 01-077 (TIM); Japan: Kanagawa Pref., open site along stream, Chisaki, Hanbara, Aikawa-Machi, Aiko-gun, ca.300 m, 5.5.2001, H.Kudoh & R.Shimamura 01-074 (TIM); Japan: Niigata Pref., Ajirohama, Seirou-machi, Kitakanbara-gun, paddy field, 38°00Ń, 139°17É, 12.4.2001, H.Kudoh, J.Sugisaka & Y.Ichikawa 01-048 (TIM); Japan: Tokyo Metro, Yarimizu, Hachioji-shi, 5.4.2001, H.Kudoh, T.Takashima & S.Kujirai 01-031 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Yusuhara, Chikuho-machi, ca.240 m, 1.4.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-025 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., along route 500, Kajiya, Soeda-machi, ca. 300 m, 31.3.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-009 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Akizuki, Amagi-shi, ca.100 m, 31.3.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-016 (TIM). Northern America: Canada: Western Newfoundland, Humber Arm. Bay of Islands, 11.7.1929, M.L.Fernald, B.Long & J.M.Foggijm 7721 (BM); Canada: Selkink Mts., 18.8.1885, J.Macoun (BM); Canada: weed in newly landscapes ground Cariboo Hil Salvation Army Temple 7195 Cariboo road, Burnaby 8 km east of Vancouver, 21.4.1997, F.Lomer

45

97008 (UBC); Canada: weed in newly landscaped shrub bed in parking lot of new home Oepot store 12701-110 Ave., Surrey, B.C., 11 km east of Vancouver, 25.4.1994, F.Lomer (UBC). Southern America: Colombia: Antioquia, Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, vereda Alto de Cuevas, quebrada del Oso, 1900-2000 m, 23.4.1991, R.Fonnegra et al. 3608 (HUA. MO); Colombia: Caldas, road from Fresno to Manizales, near top of Cordillera Central, 3500 m, 15.11.1981, A.Gentry et al. 34746 (COL, MO); Colombia: Cauca, Popayán, sector suroriente, entre los Quingos y María del Oriente, 1750 m, 8 ene 2001, B.Ramírez 13934 (CAUP, COL); Colombia: Cundinamarca, Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, predios de la Facultad de Agronimia, 2600 m, 27.2.2001, J.L.Fernández-Alonso 19498 (COL); Colombia: Quindío, Montenegro, vereda El Gigante, finca Guadualito, 1200 m, 6 ene 2000, Bernal 2468 (COL); Colombia: Risaralda, Mistrató, corregimiento de San Antonio de Chamí, bosques aledaños a la carretera entre Chami y Mistrató, 1600-1650 m, 24.4.1992, J.Lfernández-Alonso et al. 9882 (COL); Colombia: Valle del Cauca, Cali, barrio Olímpico, carrera 35 12A-90, 990 m, 8.12.1985, Silverstone-Sopkin 2192 (MEDEL, MO). Cardamine fragariifolia O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 446 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China centralis: prov. Hupeh leg. A.Henry 1885-88 n.5803 (H.C.).” Type: = Cardamine scoriarum W.W.Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 203 (1918). Ind. loc.: “China: Yunnan; flank of volcanic mountain to north-west of Teng-yueh.

Lat. 25°10Ń. Alt. 7000 ft. Plant of 2-2ft. Flowers pale rose. Moist shady situations in thickets. June 1912. G.Forest. No.8201.; Yunnan, divide between the Shweli and Teng-yueh valleys. Lat. 25°N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Plant of 1 – 2,5 ft. Flowers pale magenta-rose. Moist Shady situations on the margins of thickets. May 1912. G.Forrest. No. 7947.”

Type: ≡ Cochlearia scoriarum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 359 (1931). = Cardamine smithiana Biswas, Journ. Bot. (London) 74: 22 (1938). Ind. loc.: “Tibet: Donga La, ‘dense aggregata’, alt. 2900 m.” Type: HT: 25.7.1933, F.Lulow & G.Sherriff no.324 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). = Cochlearia alatipes Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 370 (1931). Ind. loc.: “Im wtp. Laubhochwalde des Yün-schan bei Wukang in dem ne des Tempels

Gwanyin-go herabziehenden Graben, Tonschiefer, 1000m, 12.VI.1918 (1209, Typus).”

Type: ≡ Hilliella alatipes (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.H.Zhang et H.W.Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8(4): 402

(1986). ≡ Yinshania alatipes (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.Z.Zhao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Intramongol.

23(4): 568 (1992). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHS-GX, CHS-HN, CHT; 40. EHM-BH, IND; 41. MYA. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Bhutan: Lao Trashi Yangi Chu, E Bhutan, 9000 ft, 27°52Ń, 91°28É, 5.7.1949, F. Ludlow, G.Sherriff & J.H.Hicks (BM); Myanmar: Burma, Distr. Myitkyina 2 miles from Kangfang, 15.7.1938, Naw Mu Pa (K). Cardamine franchetiana Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 205 (1909).

46

Ind. loc.: “Parmi les pierres aprés la fonte des neiges au Glacier de Likiang, 9 juillet 1884. Delavay, No. 35 in Herb. Paris; Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers white. Open situations on lomestone drift on eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 12´. Alt. 11-12,000 ft. June 1906. G.Forrest. No. 2225.”

Type: = Loxostemon delavayi Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 400 (1886).

Ind. loc.: “Yunnan ad juga nivalia Li-kiang post nives deliquescentes florens, fl. 9 jul. 1884 (Delavay).” Type:

= Loxostemon smithii var. glabrescens O.E.Schulz, Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 162 (1924). Ind. loc.: “Nordwest-Sze-chuan: Berge SE von Matang, steinige Schutthalden, 4800-5100 m, 15 IX. (fr.) 1922 (no. 4445).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHQ, CHT. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine franklinensis I. Thomps., Muelleria 9: 152 (1996).

Ind. loc.: “Australian Capital Territory, 2 miles [3.2 km] above Bendora on Mt Franklin Road.”

Type: HT: 13.11.1953, C.W.E.Moore no. 2777 (NSW). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW-CT, NSW-NS, TAS, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: 2 miles (3.2 km) from Bendora on Mt. Franklin Road, 13.11.1953, C.W.E.Moore 2777 (NSW); Australia: Eighty Aeres, 6 km from Cotter River crossing at Cotter Flats towards Orroral Tracking Station, 2.11.1976, E.M.Canning 4166 (CBG); Australia: Brindabella Ranges 19.2 km from Picadilly Circus towards Mt. Franklin, 1440 m, 29.10.1986, H.Thompson 767 & P.Ollerenshaw (CBG); Australia: Bogong High Plains, near Wilkinson Lodge, 5400 ft, 6.11.1961, T.B.Muir 2504 (MEL); Australia: Central Eastern Highlands, logging road c. 6 km NNE of Snowy Plains airstrip, Wonnangatta-Macalister R. divide, 1524 m, 7.12.1970, J.H.Willis (MEL); Tasmania: Sandbanks Tier, 1280 m, 18.3.1989, A.Moscal 17292 (HO). Cardamine fulcrata Greene, Pittonia 3: 155 (1896-98). Ind. loc.: “In deep woods at 9000 feet on the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico.” Type: HT: 1894, C.G.Pringle no. 4989 (VT). = Cardamine bradei O.E.Schulz, Notiz. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 328 (1923). Ind. loc.: “Costarica: Barba.” Type: 22.1.1909, A.C.Brade no.2305 Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MX. Southern America: 80. COS, GUA, HON, NIC; 83. CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Colombia: Santander, Zapatoca, „moist banks, west side of mountain, 8300 ft“, 23.7.1944, Fasset 25519 (GH, US); Colombia: Santader, carretera de Bucaramanga a Cúcuta, km.31, 2500 m, 7.3.1986, Stein 3622 (GH, MO).

47

Cardamine gallaecica (M.Laínz) Izco et Rivas Mart., in Rivas-Martínez et al., Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 699 (2002).

≡ Cardamine raphanifolia subsp. gallaecica M.Laínz, Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 16: 175 (1973). Ind. loc.: “[Hispania boreo-occidentalis]:supra Casayo (Carballeda, Orense), in rivulo, ad 1400 m.” Type: HT: Supra Casayo (Carballeda, Orense), in rivulo, ad 1400m, 28.5.1965, M.Laínz (herb. M.Laínz).

= Cardamine pyrenaica subsp. merinoi M.Laínz, Anales Inst. Forest. Invest. 10: 307 (1966). ≡ Cardamine raphanifolia f. lactea O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 511 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Asturia: Puerto de Leitariegos leg. E. Bourgeau 1864 (H. D., H. V.).” Type: LT – (Perný et al. 2005: 88): Bords du torrent au Puerto de Leitariegos,

Asturias, 14.7.1864, E. Bourgeau – Pl. d´Espagne 1864 (W); ILT: (BM 000758498, C).

≡ Cardamine raphanifolia subsp. merinoi (M.Laínz) M.Laínz, Aportaciones Conocimiento Fl. Gallega: 4 (1971).

Chromosome number: 2n=32, 48 (Perný M., Tribsch A., Stuessy T.F. & Marhold K. 2005 - Spain) Distribution: Europe: 12. SPA-SP. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Montes Aquilianos, Penalba de Santiago, subida al Morredero desde S. Cristobal de Valduesa, 1450 m, 25.6.1984, E.V.B. 9744, Castroviejo et al. (MA); Spain: Lugo, Cebreiro, Liñares, 1200 m, 28.6.1994, Carrasco et al. 7538 MV (MA); Spain: Leon, Montes Aquilianos, arroyo de la Yegua, 1600 m, 25.4.1984, Castroviejo, Fernández, Galán, N.Forinier & Valdéz-Bermejo1038 (MA). Cardamine georgiana Al.-Shehbaz & S.I.Warwick, Rhodora 101(907): 275 (1999). ≡ Cardamine microphylla (Willd.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 342 (1903), nom. illeg.

≡ Dentaria microphylla Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 479 (1800). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Sibiria.” Type: Chromosome number: 2n=16 (TumadzhanovI.I. & Beridze R.K. 1968 – Russia [Kavkaz]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS, TCS-AB, TCS-GR; 34. TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Caucasus: Ossetia, in alpe Kadlasen ad fl. Didi Liachva, 20.7.1881, A.H. & V.F.Brotherus (P); Caucasus: inter Vladivkavkaz et Tiflis, 20.8.1861, Ruprecht (P). Cardamine geraniifolia (Poir.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 268 (1821).

≡ Sysimbrium geraniifolium Poir., Encycl. Bot. 7: 218 (1806). Ind. loc.: “Cette plante croît au détroit de Magellan, oú elle a été recueillie par Commerson. (V. s. in herb Juss.).”

Type: Commerson (P). ≡ Dentaria geraniifolia (Poir.) Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 90: 134 (1895). Chromosome number: n=72 (Moore D.M. 1981 – Chile) Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-SC, AGS-TF, CLS. Representative herbarium specimens:

48

Cardamine glacialis (G.Forst.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 264 (1821).

≡ Sisymbrium glaciale G.Forst., Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 9: 36 (1789). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in locis udis Terrae del Fuego feré sub nive.” Type: ≡ Cardamine hirsuta L. var. glacialis (DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 1: 20 (1860). = Cardamine antiscorbutica Banks ex Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 6: 115

(1854). Ind. loc.: Type: = Cardamine nivalis Gillies, Bot. Misc.: 136 (1833). Ind. loc.: “Upper spring, below the Cumbre, Andes of Chili, Dr. Gilies.” Type: = Cardamine vulgaris Phil., Linnaea 28: 665 (1856). Ind. loc.: “prope Sotaqui.” Type: = Cardamine strictula Steud., Flora 39: 410 (1856). Ind. loc.: “Hrbr. Lechler nr. 1161, Sandy Point Magellan.” Type: Chromosome number: n=36 (Moore D.M. 1981 – Argentina) Distribution: Australasia: 51. CTM. Southern America: 85. AGS-SC, AGS-TF, CLS. Antarctic: 90. FAL, KEG, TDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Argentina: Buenos Aires, Isla de Puerto San Juan, 28.12.1933, Castellanos 12912 (PR). Cardamine glanduligera O.Schwarz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 188 (1939).

≡ Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(1): 478 (1800). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Hungariae sylvis subalpinis (v.s.).” Type: HT – Habitat in Hungariae sylvis subalpinis, s.a., Kitaibel (B – W 11955). Chromosome number: 2n=42 (Májovský et al. 1974 – Slovakia) – doubtful record 2n=48 (Murín A. & Májovský J. 1987 – Slovakia; Banach-Pogan E. 1954 - Poland) Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-SK, CZE-CZ, HUN, POL; 13. BUL, ROM, YUG-BH, YUG-SE; 14. UKR-MO, UKR-UK. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Hungaria: Comit: Abauj-Torna et Gömör, in silvis vallis Szádelöi-völgi, pag. Szádelö, ca. 400 m, 5.6.1940, A.Boros (BP); Serbia: Končajna, April 1889, G.Illić (K); Romania: In silva Făgat supra oppid Cluj, alt ca 650 m, 2.4.1923, Gh.Bujorean (K); Ukraine: Regio Sylvatico-stepposa aisborysthemica: prope urb. Vinnytzja, silva Piatnyczansjza, 21.4.1939, Th.Grynj & D.Dobroczojeva (K). Cardamine glauca Spreng. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 266 (1821). Ind. loc.: “In aspero monte prope Reggio in Calabria.” Type: LT – (Marhold 1995: 416): E Calabria, 1819, Sprengel (G-DC). ≡ Pteroneurum glaucum (Spreng.ex DC.) Degen, Fl. Veleb. 2:161 (1937).

49

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Van Loon J. CHR. & Kieft B. in Löve Á. 1980 – Yugoslavia [Mojkovac]; Strid A. &

Andersson I.A. 1985 – Grecee; Baltisberger M. 1992 – Albania, Yugoslavia; Ančev M. & Goranova V. 1999 - Bulgaria)

Distribution: Europe: 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, ROM, SIC-SI, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-KO, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bulgaria: in subalpinis monte Belasitza, 22.7.1920, N.Stojanoff (K); Bosnia: Varda planina, in lapidosis vallis Borak ad pagum Rudo, 580-900 m, 28.10.1920, K.Maly (K); Hercegovina: in monte Plasa, 1400 m, 12.7.1908, K.Maly (K); Hercegovina: on rocky slope above Konjica, 26.4.1956, W.B.Turrill (K); Serbia: in glareosis calcareisprope Kršanje in valle fluvii Beli Rzav, 500 m, 16.5.1974, E.Mayer, D.Trpin & T.Wraber (K); Montenegro: Dalmatia: in loc sylvaticis montium supra Cattaro [Kotor], Juni 1872, Pichler (K); Montenegro: Durmitor, near Crno jezero, 18.7.1973, S.S.Hoopek (K); Montenegro: Koprivnik, ca 2000 m, 20.6.1934, Mr. & Ms. Thompson (K); Albania: Montes Albaniae boreali-orientalis, inter opp. Prizren et Debra jacentes: in rupium fissuris in declivibus meridionalibus montium nivalium Koritnik supra rivum Luma ad pagum Podbregja prope slationem militarum Kula Lums, solo calc., ca 1700 m, 1.7.1918, J.B.Kümmerle (K); Macedonia: Popova Sapka, 30 m[ls] W of Skopje, Sar planina, slopes of bare earth, 8000 ft, 7.7.1959, J.D.A.Stainton (K); Greece: Pindus Mts., slopes E Mt. Smolika, 7500 ft, 17.7.1961, Cambridge Univ. Exp. (K); Greece: Malakasi in inte Tsaghopetra, 16.6.1896, Haussknecht (K); Italy: In silvaticis Nardello, Aspromonte, Calabriae, 1500-1800 m, 27.6.1856, E. & A. Huet du Pavillon (K); Sicily: In monte Etna in declivo occidentali loci dicti Montagnola, in arenosis vulcanicis, 2500-2600 m, 15.6.1905, F.Cavara (K). Cardamine glechomifolia H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 495 (1913).

Ind. loc.: “Corée: Quelpaert, le long des torrents à Mokan, mai 1911 (Taquet, 5385).” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. KOR Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine gracilis (O.E.Schulz) T.Y.Cheo & R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest. Inst.,

Harbin 6: 27 (1980). ≡ Cardamine multijuga Franch. var. gracilis O.E.Schulz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 289 (1921). Ind. loc.: “China: Prov. Yunnan, im Gebiete Lichiang beim Dorfe Ugu leh keh an einem Sumpfe, ca.2900 m ü. M. (Camillo Schneider, It. Chin. 1914, no. 1862 – Mitte Juli in Blüte, Blumen weiss-lila, hb. Berlin).”

Type: = Cardamine multijuga Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 361 (1931). Ind. loc.: Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN; 40. EHM-BH. Representative herbarium specimens:

50

Cardamine graeca L., Sp. Pl. 2: 655 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Sicilia, Corsica, infulis Graeciae.” Type: LT – (Marhold 1996): L – herbarium van Royen, no. 901.220-60.

≡ Pteroneurum graecum (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 270 (1821). = Pteroneurum rochelianum Rchb., Deutschl. Fl. 1: 69 (1837-1838). Ind. loc.: “Im Banat Szviniza (Rochel).” Type: ≡ Cardamine rocheliana (Rchb.) Borbás, Math. Természettud. Közlem. 15: 168

(1878). = Cardamine longirostris Janka, Math. Természettud. Közlem. 12(1874): 164 (1876).

Ind. loc.: “In umbrosis silvarum vallis Kazan inferioris inter pag. Dubova et Ogradina ad Danubium inferiorem Banatus.” Type: LT: - (Marhold 1995: 424): In umbrosis silvarum vallis Kazan inferioris inter pagum Dubova et Ogradina ad Danubium inferiorem, Banatus, 10.5.1870, Janka (BP no. 185741).

Chromosome number: n=8 (de Montmollin B. 1984 – Grecee) 2n=16 (Sz.-Borsos O. 1970 – Macedonia [Skopje]; Chichiriccó G., Frizzi G. & Tammaro F.

1979 – Italy; Strid A. in Löve Á. 1981 – Grecee; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Ukraine [Krymskaya obl.])

2n=18 (Persson J. 1971 – Greece; Ančev M. & Goranova V. 1999 - Bulgaria) Distribution: Europe: 12. COR; 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, KRI, ROM, SIC-SI, TUE, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE; 14. KRY. Africa: 20. TUN. Asia-Temperate: 34. CYP, LBS-LB, LBS-SY, TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Romania: Drenkova, 1835, Rochel (BP); Romania: Dubova, Cazanale Mari, 1968, Boşcaiu (CL); Croatia: In saxosis vallis Zomanja ad Zvonigrad in Croatia australis, 5.4.1890, L.Rossi (K); Serbia: In silvaticis ad Vranjška Banja, 24.4.1895, Adamović (K); Albania: Top of the Logara Pass about 10 km from Valona, limestone, 2000 ft, 15.4.1936, R.V.Pennington (K); Greece: Iter Graecum 1935 no. 7216, Insula Rhodos (Rhodi), In monte Prophet Elias (Monte Profeta) prope Salakos, ca 600 m, 11.4.1935, K.H. & F.Rechinger (BM); Italy: Lucania: Pignola in qiercetis, loco Cornaleta dicto, solo silico, alt. 900 m, 30.4.1922, O.Gavioli (K); Sicily: In saxosis calcaris supra Castellbuono, 6.4.1874, P.G.Strobl (K). Asia-Temperate: Turkey: Prov. Merzin, distr. Gülnar: Bozağac-Ahirini, between Gülnar & Gilindire, 700 m, 15.4.1956, Davis 26023 & O.Polunin (BM); Cyprus: Flora of Cyprus, by the Kelephos bridge, 13.5.1997, C.G.Hanson (BM). Cardamine grandjotii O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(111): 39 (1934).

Ind. loc.: “Chile: Kordillere bei Santiago, Potreto grande, am sumpfigen Bach, 2200 m ü. M. (blühend am 9. Dezember 1933 – C.Grandjot n.l.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine granulifera (Franch.) Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 204 (1909).

≡ Cardamine tenuifolia (Ledeb.) Turcz. var. granulifera Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 399 (1886).

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Ind. loc.: “Yun-nan, in monte Tsang-chan, supra Tali; fl.. 2 jun. 1883 (Delav. n. 281).” Type: ≡ Loxostemon granuliferum (Franch.) O.E.Schulz, Feddes Repert. Beih. 12: 390 (1922).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine granulosa All., Auct. Fl. Pedem.: 16-17 (1789). Ind. loc.: “In pratis Taurinensium detectam obtulit Ignatius Molineri.” Type: LT – (Lihová et al. 2003): TO – Herbarium Allioni. ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. granulosa (All.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 260

(1894). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974 – Italy; Lihová J., Tribsch A. &

Stuessy T.F. 2003 - Italy) Distribution: Europe: 13. ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: Gorino nei boschi di Stupinigi in siti umidi, 18.5.1888, G.Ferrari (GZU, ZT); Italy: Boschi di Stupinigi (Por. Torino), 18.5.1888, O.Mattirolo (ZT); Italy: S. Francesco su Avigliano (ca. 20 km W von Turin), bei Molino, 600 m, 6.5.1972, Landolt & Urbanska 560 (ZT); Italy: Giaveno, prato umidi tra Magdalena, 29.4.1923, Fontana (TO); Italy: nei prati presso Giaveno (Torino), 5.1900, Gola (TO); Italy: prati umidi presso S. Francesco (Giaveno), Val di Susa, 13.5.1900, Ferrari (M); Italy: prato umidi sette Pramollo, 5.1880, Rostan (TO); Italy: collini di Torino, 14.5.1888, Ferrari (TO); Italy: luoghi umidi presso Frossasco, dintorni di Pinerolo, 4.1901, Berrino (TO); Italy: nel prato fresco presso la casa di Giacosa alla Sacra, 1.6.1882, Dé Filipe (TO). Cardamine griffithii Hook. et Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 146 (1861). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Himalaya temperata orientali, Bhotan, ad Lamnoo, aquosis. Griff.” Type: Griff. It. Not. P.158 (No. 996). = Cardamine griffithii var. pentaloba W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 16 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Yunnan: Lanping, alt. 2600-3100m, in locis humidis prope rivulos.” Type: HT: 28.6.1981, Exped Hengduanshan. Inst. Bot. no. 1172 (PE). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHT. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH, EHM-SI, IND, NEP. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: China: SE Tibet, Kongbo prov., Simbiteng, Tsangpo Valley, 29°11´N, 93°56´E, 9800 ft, 26.6.1938, F.Ludlow, G.Sherriff & G.Taylor 4485 (BM); China: Plants of E.Tibet and SW China, Shady pasture along the base of clipps on the eastern blank of the Jali range, 11-12000 ft, 8.1910, G.Forrest (BM); Bhutan: streamside above Taba, Thimphu, 27°30´, 89°39´, 2450 m, 11.5.1979, A.J.C.Grierson & D.G.Long, 941 (K); Bhutan: wooded valley above Lami Gompa, Byakar, Bumtang Chu, 27°33´, 90°42´, 3050 m, 12.6.1979, A.J.C.Grierson & D.G.Long 1829 (K). Cardamine gunnii Hewson, Fl. Australia 8: 390 (1982).

52

Ind. loc: “Tas.: Summit of Mount Rufus N.T.Burbidge 3344 (CANB); Cascades, Hobart, S.G.Hannaford (HO).” Type:

= Cardamine heterophylla Hook., Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 273 (1835). Ind. loc.: “wet places, Mr. Gunn, (n. 446).” Type:

≡ Cardamine hirsuta L. var. heterophylla (Hook) Hook.f., Fl. Tasmaniae 1: 20 (1860). = Cardamine hirsuta L. var. debilis Hook.f., Fl. Tasmaniae 1: 20 (1860).

≡ Cardamine debilis auct. non DC., F. Muell., J. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 9: 167 (1857). Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW, SOA, TAS, VIC Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine heptaphylla (Vill.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 371 (1903).

≡ Dentaria heptaphylla Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 281 (1786). Ind. loc.: “[Grenoble] Grande Chartreuse, A Valombré allant á Charmanson

[Chartmant Som].” Type: LT - (Marhold 2001: 47): Dentaria eptaphyllos [Villars] (GR, no. MHNGr.1837.27769).

= Cardamine pinnata (Lam.) R.Br. ex W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 101 (1812). ≡ Dentaria pinnata Lam., Encycl. 2: 268 (1786). Ind. Loc.: “Cette plante croît dans les lieux ombragés & humides des montagnes de la

Suisse, du Dauphiné, & de la Provence. Nous ľavons rencontrée en abondance au Mont-ďOr, dans les ravines.”

Type: Chromosome number: 2n=48 (van Loon J. CHR. & de Jong H. in Löve Á. 1978 – France; Manton I. 1932 – without locality, as Cardamine pinnata (Lam.) R. Br.) Distribution: Europe: 11. GER, SWI; 12. FRA-FR, SPA-SP; 13. ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Huesca, Sallent de Gállego, 1480-1500 m, 31.5.1973, R.Fanlo (JACA); Spain: Barcelona, Montnegre la Miranda junto a pista forestal, barranco sombrío, 700 m, 11.4.1950, P.Montserrat (JACA); Italy: ľApennin prés da Pavie, 1810, L.Thomas (K); France: Alpes de monte Provence D53 between Valbelle & Pas de la Graille, SW of Sisteron, c. 1200 m, J.J.Wood 1005 (K); Switzerland: Chillon woods, Vand, 16.4.1896, R.P.Murray (K). Cardamine hirsuta L., Sp. Pl.: 655 (1753).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Europae areis, hortis, arvis.” Type: LT - (Fawcett & Rendle 1914: 239): T: LINN 835.13.

= Cardamine hirsuta L. var. reniformis J.M.Black, Flora of South Australia Pt.2: 245 (1924). Ind. loc.: “Glencoe. South-East.” Type: = Cardamine hirsuta var. multicaulis Schur., Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 47 (1866). Ind. loc.: “Auf dem schotterigen Ufern des Schwesbaches im Jungen Wald bei

Hermannstadt.”

53

Type: LT: - (Marhold 1995: 401): Hermannstadt, 1848, Schur (LW). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta subsp. multicaulis (Schur.) Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 451

(1875). Chromosome number: n=7 (Hill L.M. 1989 – U.S.A [Virginia]) – doubtful record n=8 (Pritchard G.G. 1957 – N. Zealand) 2n=16 (Morton 1993 – Cameroon, Jonsell 1976 – Ethiopia, Larsen 1960 – Tenerife; Marhol

K. 1994 – Slovakia, Ukraine; Löve Á. & Löve D. 1956 – Iceland; Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada; Mukherjee P. 1973 – India; Gadella Th.W.J. & Kliphuis E. 1966 – Netherlands; Queirós M. 1973 – Portugal; Franzén X & Gustavsson X 1983 – Grecee; Dahlgren et al. 1971 – Mallorca; Persson J. 1971 – Grecee; Banach – Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Slavík B., Jarolímová V. & Chrtek J. 1993 – Cyprus; Thurling N. 1968 – Australia; Rollins R.C. & Rüdenberg L. 1977 – U.S.A [Alabama]; Anchev M. E. 1983 – Bulgaria; Löve A., Löve D. 1982 – Italy; Díaz Lifante Z., Luque T. & Santa Bárbara C. 1992 – Izrael; Krahulcová A. 1990 – Czech Republic; Manton I. 1932 – U.S.A; Strid A. in Löve Á. 1981 – Grecee; Ančev M. E. in Löve Á. 1981 – Bulgaria; Natarajan G. in Löve Á. 1978 – France; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Krymskaya obl.]).

Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, FOR, GRB, ICE, IRE-NI, IRE-IR, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, BGM-LU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. BAL, COR, FRA-FR, POR, SAR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP; 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, KRI, ROM, SIC-MA, SIC-SI, TUE, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-KO, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, KRY, UKR-UK. Africa: 20. ALG, LBY, MOR, TUN; 21. AZO, CNY; 23. CMN, CON, GAB, GGJ-ST, RWA, ZAI; 24. ETH; 25. KEN, TAN, UGA; 26. ZAM; 27. South Africa; 29. MCI, MDG, ROD. Asia-Temperate: 32. TKM; 33. NCS, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AR, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. AFG, CYP, IRN, IRQ, LBS-LB, LBS-SY, PAL, SIN, TUR; 35. SAU; 36. CHC, CHH, CHI, CHM, CHN, CHQ, CHS, CHT; 38. JAP-HN, TAI. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-SI, IND, PAK, SRL; 41. LAO, THA, VIE; 42. MLY, PHI, XMS; 42-43. Indonesia; 43. NWG-IJ, NWG-PN. Australasia: 50. NFK-NI, NSW, QLD, SOA, TAS, VIC, WAU; 51. CTM, NZN, NZS. Pacific: HAW-HI. Northern America: 71. BRC; 72. NFL-NE, ONT, QUE; 73. IDA, WAS; 74. ILL, MSO, OKL; 75. CNT, INI, MAS, MIC, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, WVA; 76. CAL; 77. TEX; 78. ALA, ARK, DEL, FLA, GEO, KTY, LOU, MRY, MSI, NCA, NWM, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC; 79. MEX. Southern America: 80. COS, GUA, HON, NIC; 81. CUB, JAM; 83. CLM, ECU; 85. AGE-BA, AGE-ER, AGE-LP, AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, AGW-SA, AGW-SJ, CL, URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Wilts. Roadside between Kemble and Oaksey, 3.5.1947, C.C.Townsend (K); Great Britain: Scotland, South side of Regal Bay, Waas, Hoy, 5.1926, H.H.Johnston (K); Ireland: Ballinas corney Gap, Co. Dublin, Gravel bank, 28.4.1951, D.A.Webb (K); Luxembourg: near airport 8 km E of city, grounds of Ibis hotel, 21.4.1999, R.K.Brimmitt (K); Sweden: Prov. Södermanland, Paroecia Sorunda, in insula parva Karta, 26.5.1930, E.Asplund (K); Finland: Regio Aboënsis, opp. Nystad Birkholm, Piikainkari, 31.5.1878, H.Holmén (K); Denmark: Zealand: Hagbards Høj, SE af Sorø, 20.5.1972, N.Jacobsen (PR); Belgium: Prov. Lüttich, in humidis prope Wegnez, 4-5.1908, M.Mairlot (PR); Slovakia: Slovakia centralis, in valle rivuli Bystrý prope oppidum Hronská Breznica, 12.5.1962, M.Deyl (PR); Switzerland: Montreaux, 4.5.1868, V.O.Focke (K); Austria: Oberöstereich, Linz-Dornach, E:14°18` 49``, N:48°19`59``, 260 m, 8.4.1997, H.Kupka & J.Miny (K); Spain: Madrid, El Pardo-Fuencarral, 730 m, 15.5.1984, D.Gomez, G.Montserrat et al. (JACA); Spain: Casa de Campo (Madrid), 1.4.1950, A.Monasterio (K); Corsica: Salario,

54

31.6.1917, Dr. Forsyth-Major (K); Sardinia: 1 km of Sapani, 24.4.1958, T.Titcken (K); Italy: Bologna, 3.1923, L.V.Lester-Garland (K); Romania: Crişana distr., Satu Mare, In incultis humidis prope pagum Satulung, ca. 900 m, 2.4.1937, S.Forstner (BP); Bulgaria: Varna distr., hills south of Varna, 10.5.1924, B.Gilliat-Smith (K); Croatia: Monte Ossero, Lussin, 4.1895, P.Troyer (GZU); Bosnia: In monte Trebević prope Sarajevo, ca. 900 m., 24.4.1904, K.Maly (K); Serbia: In nemorensis m. Pljačkavica, 1.4.1895, Adamović (K); Albania: Durazzo, 6.3.1935, R.V.Pennington (K); Macedonia: In silviticis ad Veles, 4.1901, Adamović (K); Greece: Creta: Distr. Selinos, Levka Ori, in argillosis altoplanibiei Omalos, 1050 m, 25.4.1942, K.H.Rechinger fil. (K); Greece: Pisoderion, c. 4000 ft, 5.6.1932, A.H.G.Alston & N.Y.Sandwith (K); Greece: Iter Graecum III, no. 3755, Insula Samos: In lapidosis schist. Cembrosis inter Hagios Konstantinos et Nenedes, ca. 100 m, 6.4.1934, K.H. & F.Rechinger (BM); Turkey: prov. Istanbul: Heybeli Ada (Halki), alt. 30 m, 23.3.1957, Davis 26240 & Hedge (BM). Africa: Canary Isl.: Teneriffe: in Vineis, 12. 1845, E.Bourgeau (P); Kenya: Naivasha distr., Aberdave Mts.: Sussex Farm. Kinangop Mt., 12 000 ft, 30.10.1934, G.Taylor (BM); Algeria: Algérie, Atlas, 9.4.1924, H.Humbert (P); Tunisia: Tunis, Massiv forestier ďEl-Fedja, 11.5.1888, E.Cosson (P); Azores: Island of St. Michaeľs, 1845, T.C.Hunt (K); Kenya: Mt. Kenya, 11 000 ft, 17.10.1943, J.Bally (K); Uganda: Mt. Elgon, Sasa trail, 3950 m., 17.10.1997, K.Wesche (K); Mauritius: Cureppe, 7.8.1889, H.H.Johnston (K); Mauritius, 29.8.1974, J.H.Julien (K); Cape Provinces: S. Africa, Cape, Knysna, F.A.Rogers (K); Lybia: C: Shahat (Cyrene) to Faidia S of Beida crossroads, 700 m, 1.4.1970, Davis 50515 (K); Morocco: Marruecos. 7: Chefchaouene. Entre Bab-Berred y Ketama a 17 km de Ketama, at 34°58Ń 4°40´W, 31.5.1995, K.Ferguson, R.Parra, M.C.Sanchez & B.Valdés (K); Canary Is.: Palma no. 271, Fuente de Olin, 5500 ft, between Pico del Cedro and Stantá Crug, 4.6.1913, T.A.Sprague & J.Hutchinson (K). Asia-Temperate: Afganistan: Prov. Nangahar, Darrah-i-Nur bei Ql. Shahi, 870 m, 3.4.1970, D.Podlech 17381 (K); China: Longtchéon, 20.2.1894, M.Beauvais (P); Japan: Shiga Pref., 400 m NE from the month of Inukami River, along the shore of lake Biwa, Hikone-shi, 85 m, 35°15Ń, 136°13É, 19.4.2001, H.Kudoh, S.Fujii & K.Shimizu 01-063 (TIM); Japan: Niigata Pref., Niigata University, Igarashi Niigata-shi, 37°53Ń, 138°56É, 12.4.2001, H.Kudoh, J.Sugisaka & Y.Ichikawa 01-050 (TIM); Japan: Niigata Pref., Oumi-machi, Nishikubiki-gun, 37°01Ń, 137°47É, 11.4.2001, H.Kudoh, J.Sugisaka & Y.Ichikawa 01-041 (TIM); Japan: Niigata Pref., Ajirohama, Seiron-machi, Kitakanbara-gun, along paddy fileds, 38°00Ń, 139°17É, 12.4.2001, H.Kudoh, J.Sugisaka & Y.Ichikawa 01-049 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Yusuhara, Chikuho-machi, ca. 400 m, 1.4.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-028 (TIM). Asia-Tropical: India: Munipur, on the eastern fontier of India, loc. Kassome, on the Burmese Frontier, 3-4000 ft, 10.1.1882, G.Watt (P). Northern America: USA: Idaho, Franklin Co., Creek bank north of Oxford, 16.5.1885, F.E.Leonard 46 (NY); USA: Utah, Salt Lako Co., Salt Lake City, campus of the University Utah, SW of So. Biology Bldg., 4500 ft, 1.4.1981, D.Wiens (NY). Southern America: Costa Rica: Prov Alajuela, N of Sarchi Norte, ca.6 km, beyond La Luisa, 1380 m, 3.2.1984, Khan, Tebbs & Vickery (BM); Colombia: Antioquia, Medeliín, coregimiento Santa Helena, vereda La Quiebra, 21 km SE de Medellín en la vía Medellín-Rio Negro, 6°14Ń, 75°30´W, 2300 m, 21.10.1990, Callejas 9567 (HUA, NY); Colombia: Caldas, carretera a Murillo, entrada a hacienda nieto, 3900 m, 29.8.1973, M. de Fraume et al. 179 (FAUC); Colombia: Cundinamarca, Bogotá, viveros del norte de Bogotá, 2600 m, 2.1998, J.L.Fernández-Alonso 15244 (COL); Colombia: Quindío, Pijao, sector de Río Azul, camino Maizopolis a Páramo de Chilí, 2700-3000 m, 17.5.1989, Vélez et al. 222 (COL); Colombia: Santader, Charalá, corregimiento de Virolín, páramo la Rusia, 3250 m, 7.5.1986, Rodríguez 42 (COL). Cardamine hispidula Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 79 (1892).

55

Ind.loc.: “In Andibus prov. Ñuble invenit idem Fridericus Puga., octobri, 1878 .” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGW-LR, CL Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine hydrocotyloides W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 8 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Yunnan: Deqin, Benzilan, Mons Yongzhongshan, sub sylvis Abietis.” Type: HT: Exped. Qinghai-Xizang no. 2175 (PE). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine hygrophila T.Y.Cheo et R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6:

26 (1980). Ind. loc.: “Sichuang Sheng: Nanchuan Xian, Jinfushan, alt. 1650 m.”

Type: HT: 14.4.1957, Yong Ji-hua no. 90292 (HC). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHS-GX, CHS-HN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine impatiens L., Sp. Pl.: 655 (1753).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Europae nemoribus ad radices montium.” Type: LT - (Jafri, 1973 : 169): LINN, no. 835.9. ≡ Ghinia impatiens (L.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 3: 160 (1901).

= Cardamine brachycarpa Opiz, Naturalientausch 11: 411 (1826). Ind. loc.: “In monte wysoká hora ad Karlstein. C, ber. boëmiae.” Type: unknown.

= Cardamine impatiens f. apetala O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 455 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China centralis: prov. Szech`uan pr. Nanch`uan leg. v. Rosthorn 1891 n.

2049, leg. idem n. 2048 (H. B.); prov. Hupeh leg. A. Henry 1885-88 n. 7855 (H. B., H. C.); in m. Tientai leg. E. Faber 1889 (H. B.). Japonia: leg. Rein (H. B.).”

Type: unknown. = Cardamine dasycarpa M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 3: 437 (1819).

Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Iberiâ occidentali.” Type: LT (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): 1809, ex herb. Steveni (LE) ≡ Cardamine impatiens “proles” dasycarpa (M. Bieb.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 457 (1903). ≡ Cardamine impatiens var. dasycarpa (M. Bieb.) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 21 (1980).

= Cardamine impatiens “proles” elongata O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 459 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Asia: Affganistan leg. Griffith ante 1861 n. 1358 (H. B., H. C., H. V.), pr. Otipore leg. idem (H. Boiss.); Tibet leg. Hügel n. 185 (H. V.); Himalaya bor.-occid. 1670-3340 m leg. T. Thomson (H. B., H. C., H. V.), pr. Abetamorsch leg. Stolitzka 2000-2340 m (H. V.), Kashmir 2670-3000 m leg. J. F. Duthie 1892 (H. B.), Garhwal in Nila Valley pr. Phuláldaru 3340-3370 m leg. idem 1883 n. 916 (H. B. Boiss.), pr. Sing-jari 3000 m legg. R. Strachey et J. E. Winterbottom n. 3, pr. Rogila 3370 m legg.

56

iidem n. 10, Kumaon pr. Dewali 2830 m legg. iidem n. 9 (H. C., H. P. Ac.), Sikkim 2000-3340 m leg. J. D. Hooker (H. B., H. Boiss., H. C., H. V.); Mandschuria austr.-litoralis ad Olga Bai leg. F. Schmidt 1861 (H. P. Ac.).” Type: unknown.

= Cardamine impatiens var. pilosa O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 459 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Turkestania in distr. Akdishan et Namangan leg. D. Litwinow 1899, pr. Wernij leg. F. Killoman 1888 (H. P. Ac.); Altaj leg. Ledebour (H. P.); China: prov. Schensi sept. in m. Hua-tzo-pin leg. Gius. Giraldi 1894 (H. Biondi n. 443 in H. B.), prov Szechúan leg. v. Rosthorn 1891 n. 2054 (H. B.).” Type: LT (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): Turkestania, distr. Akdishan, fl. Kara- Lesigur, 30.5.1899, D. Litvinow (LE)

= Cardamine impatiens var. angustifolia O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 459 (1903). Ind.loc.: “Caucasus centralis ad fl. Aragwa leg. Lagowski (H. P.).” Type: HT: Am Aragwa, s.a., Dr. Lagowski (LE)

= Cardamine impatiens var. obtusifolia Knaf, Flora 19: 294 (1864). Ind. loc.: “Bei Hallstadt in Oberösterreich.” Type: unknown. ≡ Cardamine impatiens f. obtusifolia (Knaf) Markgr., in Hegi Ill. Fl. Mitteleurop. ed. 2, 4(1): 205 (1958).

= Cardamine impatiens var. microphylla O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 460 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Ins. Sachalin leg. F. Schmidt 1860 (H. P.).” Type: HT: Insula Sachalin, zaliv Estaing, 1860, F. Schmidt (LE)

= Cardamine impatiens var. acutifolia Knaf, Flora 19: 294 (1846). Ind. loc.: not stated. Type: unknown. = Cardamine impatiens f. macropetala (Boiss.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 459

(1903). ≡ Cardamine impatiens γ macropetala Boiss., Fl. Orient.: 31 (1888). Ind. loc.: “Hab. secus torrentes vallis subalpinae Djimil Ponti Lazici 6000’ (Bal.).” Type: HT: Bords des torrents de la vallé Kus Alpine de Djimil (Lazistan), vers métre

ďaltitude, Jullie doûb 1866, Balansa (G). = Cardamine impatiens var. minima Schur, Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15: 77 (1876).

Ind. loc.: “Auf buschigen Abhängen am Wege nach Jundorf unweit der neuen Welt bei Brünn, mit Linaria arvensis, Juni 1871; Auch in Siebenbürgen, 1850.”

Type: unknown. - Cardamine apetala Gilib, Fl. Lith. 1: 42 (1785), nom. inval. (opera uttique opressa). - Cardamine impatiens var. communis N. Busch, Fl. Sib. i Dal. Vostoka 2: 243 (1915), nom.

inval. (Art. 24.3). = Cardamine basisagittata W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 10 (1987).

Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Kangding, Dajiangwan, alt. 2700m.” Type: HT: 27.5.1974, Exped. Bot. Sichuan no. 6079 (PE).

= Cardamine glaphyropoda O.E.Schulz, Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 159 (1924). Ind. loc.: “Nord-Sze-chuan: Talschaft W von Sung-pan, am Fusse schattiger Felsen, 3300m, 14. VII. (fl.) 1922 (no. 2969); Chùn-chè W von Sung-pan, auf offenem Fleck im Wald, ca. 3200 m, 1. VIII. (fl. u. fr.) 1922 (no. 4121).” Type:

= Cardamine nakaiana H. Lév., Feddes Repert. 10: 350 (1912). Ind. loc.: “Corea: Quelpaert, in humidis Tpjengen, 11. jun. 1910 (Taquet, 4116).” Type:

= Cardamine senanensis Franch. et Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap.: 280 (1879).

57

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In provincia Senano insulae Nippon centralis (Savatier, n. 2803).” Type:

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia; Lövkvist B. & Hultgard U.M. 1999 – Sweden;

Shimabuku K. 1997 – Japan [Ryukyu]; Rohweder H. 1937 – Germany; Gohil et al. 1981 – India [Kashmir]; Jee V. et al. 1983 – India; Banach – Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Májovský J. et al. 1978 – Slovakia; Magulaev A. Yu. 1984 – Armenia; Hara H. 1952 – Japan; Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1988 – Russia [Primorskij kraj]; Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Zakarpatskaya, Leningradskaya, Jaroslavskaya]; Ančev M. & Goranova V. 1999 – Bulgaria)

Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, GRB, IRE-IR, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, BGM-LU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. COR, FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP; 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, ROM, TUE, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-KO, YUG-MA, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-KA, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, KRY, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUE, RUS, RUW. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, IRK, KRA, TVA, WSB; 31. KHA, PRM, SAK; 32. KAZ, KGZ, TZK, UZB; 33. NCS, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AR, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. IRN, TUR; 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHN-GS, CHM-JL, CHM-LN, CHN-SA, CHN-SD, CHN-SX, CHQ, CHS-AH, CHS-FJ, CHS-GX, CHS-HE, CHS-HN, CHS-JS, CHS-JX, CHS-ZJ, CHT, CHX); 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-SK, TAI. Asia-Tropical: 40. BAN, EHM, IND, NEP, PAK. Northern America: 72. ONT; 75. CNT, MIC, NWH, NWY, OHI, PEN, VER, WVA; 78. DEL, KTY, NCA, VRG. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Penyard Park, near Ross-on-Wye, 25.5.1953, C.C.Townsed (K); Sweden: Prov. Skåne, Paroecia Södra Mellby, Stenshuvud, 6.7.1928, E.Asplund (K); Belgium: Chemins le long du grand étang. St-Denis (Hainaut), 26.5.1866, A.Martinis (K); Spain: Cunata de la Pista, Benasque Valle de Estós (Huesca), 1460 m, 7.7.1993, J.V.Ferrandez (JACA); France: Dept. Ardéche, Htes Cévennes Foret de Bonnefoy, ca.1350 m, 25.7.1950, N.Y.Sandwith (K); Germany: Bayern: Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern, Stadt-gebiet München, Münchener Schotterebene: Perlacher Forst direkt nördlich der Filmstadt Geisel-gasteig nahe Höhenpunkt 568, MTB:7935/1, UTM: PU4, 14.6.1992, F.Schuhwerk (K); Austria: Steirmark: Stubalpe, auf der Strasse von Grosslobming nach Kleinlobming, 660 m, 8.6.1994, E.Vitek (K); Switzerland: Montreaux, Vand, 1869, 1871, L.Favrat & W.Barbey (K); Italy: Lakeside near Menaggio, Lake Como, 650 ft, 7.5.1930, J.E.Lonstey (K); Bosnia: Sauajevsko Polje, 10.6.1932, B.Gilliat-Smith (K); Spain: Jaca, Huesca, 690 m, 25.6.1988, P.Montserrat (JACA); Albania: Bertiscus (Alpes borealis albanicae): In fauce fluvii Pećska Bistrica prope oppidum Peć (Ipek), 600-750 m, 3.7.1933, R.Scheffer (K). Asia-Temperate: Japan: Mie Pref., Mt. Fujiwara, Sakamoto-dani, Sakamoto, Fujiwara-cho, Inabe-gun, 210 m, 35°10Ń, 136°28É, 21.5.2001, H.Kudoh & S.Fujii 01-101 (TIM); Japan: Kanagawa Pref., open site along stream, Chisaki, Hanbara, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, ca. 300 m, 30.5.2001, H.Kudoh 01-113 (TIM); Japan: Shiga Pref., Mt. Ryozen, along Seri River, Gongen-dani, Kawachi, Taga-cho, Inukami-gun, 35°15Ń, 136°22É, 450 m, H.Kudoh & S.Fujii 01-102 (TIM). Asia-Tropical: India: Darjeeling, 2150 m, 1.4.1960, H.Hara & M.Togashi 6321 (TI). Cardamine innovans O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 417 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Guatemala in m. Altos supra Tecpam 2500m leg. F. C. Lehmann 1882 n. 1475 (H. B. Boiss.), sine loco leg. Enr. Th. Heyde 1892 n. 225a (H. N.), distr. Quiché

58

pr. Chiul 2670 m legg. Heyde et Lux 1892 n. 2993 sub nomine C. angulata Hook. (H. B., H. C., H. N.).”

Type: 1882, F.C.Lehmann no. 1475 Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXS. Southern America: 80. GUA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine jamesonii Hook., J. Bot. (London) 6: 293 (1847).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Cordillera of Pilaro, alt. 1500 feet; Prof. W. Jameson. On Tolima, New Granada; M. Goudot.”

Type: LT: Tolima: Cuchilla de la divisadera, s.a., M. Goudout (K). = Cardamine jamesonii prol. pulcherrima O.E.Schulz, Both. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 422 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Colombia: prov. Cauca in Páramo de Guanácas 2800-3300m leg. F. C. Lehmann 1882 n. 2116 (H. B. Boiss.), n. 5605 (H. Hier. In H. B. sub nomine C. tolimensis), pr. Bogota ad Guaduas leg. H. Karsten (H. V.).” Type: HT: Colombia: Cauca: „Puracé – in paramo“ 3450m, s.a., K. von Sneidern no. 2277 (G); IT: (US).

= Cardamine johnstonii var. superba O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 421 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Columbia: prov. Cauca in Páramo de Moras 3300 m leg. F. C. Lehmann 1883 n. 2669 (H. B. Boiss.).” Type: HT: Colombia: prov. Cauca in Páramo de Moras, 3300m, 3.3.1883, Lehmann no. 2669 (G).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN; 83. BOL, CLM, ECU. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Guatemalae, Costaricae, Columbinae Plantae: Paramó de Guanaiaš, 3200 m, 11.1882, Cauia 2116 (BM); Guatemalae, Costaricae, Columbinae Plantae: Paramó de Moraš, 3300 m, 3.3.1883, Cauia 2669 (BM); Colombia: Antioquia, Urrao, entre el Páramo de Frontino y finca la Granda bajo el Quince, alto del Puente Largo, 6°25´N, 76°05´W, 3450 m, 4.3.1989, J.MacDougal et al. 4585 (HUA); Colombia: Cauca, carretera a La Plata, de Puracé al alto de San Rafael, 2660-3450 m, 21.7.1948, H.Garcia-Barriga & J.Hawkes 12833 (COL); Colombia: Huila, Macizo Colombiano, páramo de Las Papas, ceros y alrededores de las lagunas la Magdalena y Santiago, 3530-3630 m, 5-19.9.1958, J.Idrobo, P.Pinto & Bischler 2946 (COL); Colombia: Nariño, „páramo de Quilinsayaco between Pasto and Sibundoy“, 15.7.1957, H.Barclay 4522 (COL); Colombia: Nariño, camino a Chiles, cerca de la población do Chiles, 3200 m, 30.10.1955, A.Fernández-P. 2951 (COL); Colombia: Putumayo, alta cuenca del río Putumayo, filo de la Cordillera entre El Encano y Sibundoy, páramo de San Antonio del Bordoncillo, 3250 m, 4 ene 1941, J.Cuatrecasas 11751 (COL, US); Colombia: Quindío, Salento, vereda Cocóra, 4°40-45´N, 75°20-25´W, 3500-3900 m, 20-22.5.1989, J.Luteyn et al. 13025 (COL, GH, NY); Colombia: Quindío, Páramo de Romerales, 3680 m, 21.4.1999, W.Wargas 5801 (COL, HUA); Colombia: Tolima, Cordillera Central, Municipio de Roncesvalles, a la orrila de la trocha hacia San José de Las Hermosas, 2700 m, 19.11.1980, L.Camargo 7691 (COL). Cardamine jejuna Standl. et. Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23(2): 54

(1944).

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Ind. loc.: “Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Forested summit, Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixtahuacán, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,800 meters, August 15, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50569 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXT-CI. Southern America: 80. GUA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine jonselliana Al-Shehbaz, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9(1): 5 (2004).

Ind. loc.: “Uganda: Ruwenyori, Stuhlmann Pass, on moist open ground amongst grasses, 13,700 ft.”

Type: HT: between 18.6. and 5.7.1968, A.C.Hamilton no.742 (K). Chromosome number: Distribution: Africa: 25. UGA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine keysseri O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 480 (1929).

Ind. loc.: “Nordöstl. Neu-Guinea: Saruwaged-Gebirge, 3600-4000 m ü. M. (Keysser no. 52).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 43. NWG-PN. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: New Guinea: Star Mts., Sibil valley, Oemboek, 1200-1300 m, 15.5.1959, C.Kalkman 4050 (BM). Cardamine killipii O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 341 (1930).

Ind. loc.: “Colombia: Eastern Cordillera, Dept. Santader, Edge of Páramo de las Vegas, alt. 3300-3700 m.” Original material: 21.12.1926, Killip & Smith no. 15596 (US).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN; 83. CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine kitaibelii Bech., Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 43: 57 (1934).

≡ Dentaria polyphylla Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 174, tab. 160 (1805). Ind. loc.: “Habitat locis pinguibus humectis umbrosis sylvarum Croatiae: ad lacus Plitviczenses, inter Petrovo-Szelo & Koreniczam, sub alpe Plissivicza, in monte Merszin, & in Velebich sub alpe Számár.”

Type: LT – (Kováts 1992: 41): E Criotiae montibus ad Koraniczam et Priboy, herb. Kitaibel, no. LI/111 (BP).

≡ Cardamine polyphylla (Waldst. et Kit.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 366 (1903).

Chromosome number: 2n=48 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality, as Cardamine polyphylla (W. K.) O. E. Schulz) Distribution: Europe: 11. SWI; 13. ITA-IT, YUG-CR, YUG-BH, YUG-SL.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: N.W.Apenines: Parma province, Lagdei near Bosco di Corniglio beech forest, alt. 1250 m, 30.4.1977, J.J.Wood 229 (K); Croatia: in silvis montium Kapela supra pagum Modruš 13.5.1889, ex herb Ludovici Rossi (K). Cardamine komarovii Nakai, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13 (363/367): 271 (1914).

Ind. loc.: “Corea: In rupibus rivulorum inter montes, VII. 1901, in petrosis rivorum montis des Diamnts, 24. VII. 1906, no. 570 (Faurie no. 127 et 570).”

Type: = Alliaria auriculata Kom., Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada, 17: 437 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “In Korea septentr. In vallibus rivulorum fluvium Jalu-dsian influentibus in silvis umbrosis mixtis hic inde per greges parvos crescit.”

Type: = Arabis cebenensis DC. var. coreana H.Lév. Ind. loc.: Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHM-HJ, CHM-JL, CHM-LN; 38. KOR-NK, KOR-SK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine kruesselii Johow, Anales Univ. Chile 90: 126 (1895).

Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. JNF (endemic). Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine lacustris (Garn.-Jones & P.N.Johnson) Heenan, New Zealand J. Bot.: 40(4):

568 (2002). ≡ Iti lacustris Garn.-Jones & P.N.Johnson, New Zealand J. Bot.:25: 603 (1987). Ind.loc.: “New Zealand, Henry Creek, east side of Lake Te Anau.”

Type: HT: 21.5.1971, P.N.Johnson no. 286399 (CHR). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 51. NZS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine lanceolaris Linden & Planch., Pl. Columb. 1: 12 (1863).

Ind. loc.: “Venezuela: prov. de Merida.” Type: Juillet 1843, Linden no 1416 Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine lazica Boiss. et Bal., Fl. Orient. Suppl. 1: 31 (1888).

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≡ Cardamine amara L. proles lazica (Boiss. et Bal.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 500 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Ponto littorali ad rivulos prope Rhizéet in regione subalpina inter Andon et Djimil 3300` (Ball.).”

Type: = Cardamine wiedemanniana Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 162 (1867). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In monte Aladagh Anatoliae (Wiedem !).” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS-KR, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-GR; 34. TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Russia: Kavkazskij Teberdinskij zapovednik, ca. 1008 m, 7.6.1978, T.I.Zaikonikova (LE); Georgia: Caucasus occidentalis, distr. Adler, in vicinitate pagi Krasnaja Poljana, vallis fluminis Mzymta, alt. 800-1000 m, 15.6.1976, V.Vašák (W); Georgia: Caucasus occidentalis, distr. Gudauta, in vicinitate lacus Mzymt, 1800-2000 m, 24.6.1977, V.Vašák (W); Turkey: Ordu, Ünye-Akuş, 920-1290 m, 3.5.1968, R.Petrovitz (W). Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 403 (1903).

≡ Dentaria leucantha Tausch, Flora 19( 2): 404 (1836). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: = Cardamine catbayensis Migo, J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3: 223 (1937).

Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine dasyloba (Turcz.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 73 (1865-1866). ≡ Dentaria dasyloba Turcz., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 27(2): 296 (1854). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Cardamine leucantha var. crenata D.C.Zhang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin11(1): 42 (1991). Ind. loc.: “Anhui, Jingdexian, Yucun wulonggou, alt. 200m., flowers white, 7. May 1985, Shao Jianzhang 82143 (Type deposited in the Herb. Department of Biology, Anhui Normal University).” Type:

= Cardamine koreana (Nakai) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 49 (1952). ≡ Cardamine leucantha var. coreana Nakai, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363/367): 272 (1914). Ind. loc.: “Corea: Circa Pyengyang, rara, 28.V.1911 (H. Imai).” Type:

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1960, 1966 – Russia [Sakhalin; Primorskij kraj]; Starodubtsev

V.N. 1989 – Russia [Vladivostok]; Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1984 – Russia [Sakhalin; Primorskij kraj])

2n=24 (Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1983 – Russia [Ins. Popova, okr. pos. Stark, doroga na bukhty Alekseeva, opushka yasenevnika])

Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. AMU, KHA, KUR, PRM, SAK; 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHI-NM, CHI-NX, CHM-HJ, CHM-JL, CHM-LN, CHN-GS, CHN-HB, CHN-SA, CHN-SX, CHS-AH, CHS-HE, CHS-JS, CHS-JX, CHS-ZJ; 37. MON; 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-NK, KOR-SK.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Pref. Nagano, en route from Nunobiki-kannon to Ookubo, Komoro City, 600-750 m, 36°19Ń, 138°24É, 12.5.1984, N.Kurosaki 14163 (KYO); Japan: Shiga Pref., Mt. Royzen, along Seri River, Gonden-dani, Kawachi, Taga-cho, Inukami-gun, 35°15Ń, 136°22É, 450 m, H.Kudoh & S.Fujii 01-103 (TIM). Cardamine lihengiana Al-Shehbaz, Novon 10: 326 (2000).

Ind. loc.: “China, Yunnan: Yiliang, Xia Cao Ba, 1900 m.” Type: HT: China, Yunnan: Yiliang, Xia Cao Ba, 1900 m, 16.6.1982, Li Heng & Chen Yü Honguyuan no.1267 (KUN); IT: (KUN).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine lilacina Hook., Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 273 (1836).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Road to Bathurst and Clarence`s hilly range. Mr. A. Cunningham. Banks of the Macquarrie. Mr. Fraser.” Type: ≡ Cardamine pratensis L. var. lilacina (Hook.) Hook. f., Fl. Tasman 1: 19 (1860). ≡ Cardamine finitima f. lilacina (Hook.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 537 (1903).

= Cardamine intermedia Hook., Icon. Pl. 3: t.258 (1840). Ind. loc.: “Western Mountains of Van Dieman`s Land. R. Gunn, Esq. (n.446?).” Type: ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. intermedia (Hook.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasmaniae 1: 20 (1860).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW, TAS, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine lineariloba I.Thomps., Muelleria 9: 163 (1996).

Ind. loc.: “Victoria, Mt Arapiles SE slope along watercourse c. 1 mile [1.6 km] down from top.”

Type: HT: 22.9.1968, A.C.Beauglehole no. 28699 (MEL). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. SOA, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: Bugle Range, 1848, F.Mueller (MEL); Australia: 5 km SW of Tarpeena, s. coll. (AD); Australia: 150 m S of exclosure, Calectasia Conservation Park, 29.10.1986, P.Gibbons 586 (AD); Australia: between Lake Gnarpurt and Lake Terangpom, 24 km NE of Camperdown P.O., 7.10.1977, G.J.Hirth (MEL); Australia: Saline flats near Mt. Wiliam, 9.1879, D.Sullivan 31 (MEL); Australia: 3 km S of Dadswell Bridge, Grampians National Park, 30.8.1983, A.C.Beauglehole 74495 (MEL); Australia: c. 4 km NE of Goroke P.O., Goroke State Forest, 4.9.1986, A.C.Beauglehole 83709 (MEL); Australia: roadside adjacent to Darlot Swamp, NE of Horsham, 2.9.1995, I.R.Thompson 96 (MEL). Cardamine lojanensis Al.-Shehbaz, Novon 7(1): 6 (1997).

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Ind. loc.: “Ecuador. Prov. Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo E of Yangana, wet paramo around radio station, 3400-3450m, 79°6´W, 4°24´S.” Type: HT: 26.2.1985, B.Ollgaard, S.Laegaard, K.Thomsen, K.Korning & T.Illum no.58147 (AAU); PT: (AAU).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. ECU. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Ecuador: Loja, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo, 3350 m, 79°7´W, 4°23´S, Madsen, Bloch & Christensen 75664 (AAU); Ecuador: Loja, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo, E of Yangana, 3300-3450 m, 79°6´W, 4°24´S, Øllgaard, Laegaard, Thomsen, Korning & Illum 58037 (AAU); Ecuador: Loja, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo, 79°20´W, 4°23´S, 3000-3400 m, Madsen, Bergman & Pedersen 86117 (AAU). Cardamine longii Fernald, Rhodora 19: 91 (1917).

Ind. loc.: “Maine: shaded rock-pockets and crevices covered at high tide, Cathance River, Bowdoinham, September 14 and 19, 1916, Fernald & Long, no. 13,698 (type in Gray Herb.); also on tidal mudflats of Cathance River, Bowdoinham, no. 13,697.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 75. CNT, MAI, MAS, NWH, NWJ, NWY, RHO; 78. DEL, MRY, NCA, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine longipedicelata Rollins, J. Arnold Arbor. 21(3): 395 (1940).

Ind. loc.: “Mexico: common in dense wood on rich leaf-mould, San Francisco Canyon, about 15 miles soutwest of Pueblo Galeana, Nuevo Leon, May 11, 1934, C.H. & M.T.Mueller 298 (G, Type); Barroloso, Coalcoman, Michoacan, Oct. 1939, Hinton et al. 15359 (G).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXE-NL. Southern America: 80. GUA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine loxostemonoides O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1069 (1927).

Ind. loc.: “Kumaun: Nipchang Valley, 4300-4600 m ü. M. (fruchtend am 31. August 1884 – J.F.Duthie n. 2724); unter dem Lebung-Pass auf der Ostseite im losen Geröll, 5000 m ü. M. (Fruchtend am 1. August 1886 – Duthie n. 5330). Tihri-Garhwál: Chinpul gegenüber Bandarpunch, 4000-4600 m ü. M. (vrblüht und fruchtend am 25. Aug. 1883 – Duthie n. 911, 913). W. Nepal: gegenüber Budhi Village, 3300-3600 m ü. M. (blühend am 18. Juli 1886 – Duthie n. 5330), Nampa Gádh, 4300-4600 m ü. M. (Blühend am 27. Juli 1886 – Duthie n. 5330).” Type: ≡ Loxostemon loxostemonoides (O.E.Schulz) Y.Z.Lan et T.Y.Cheo, Bull. Bot. Rep. N.E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(3): 54 (1981).

= Cardamine tibetiana Rashid et Ohba, J. Jap. Bot. 68: 206 (1993).

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Ind. loc.: “SE Tibet, Tse La, Langong, 94°00Ń, 28°45É, alt. 14-15000ft (Ludlow and Sherriff 5618, 21 june 1938, holotype TI, isotype BM).”

Type: = Loxostemon incanus R.C.Fang ex T.Y.Cheo & Y.Z.Lan, Bull. Bot. Rep. N.E. Forest. Inst.,

Harbin 1(3): 54 (1981). Ind. loc.: “Yunnan: Chungtien plateau, on open hill side.” Type: HT: 7.7.1930, K.M.Feng no. 1559 (HKA).

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Rashid A., Ohba H. 1993 – Pakistan, Nepal) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHT, CHC-YN. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH, IND, NEP, PAK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Nepal: North of Chung See, ca. 4000 m, 12.8.1973, G.Wilson & Phillips 613 (K); Nepal: Langtang valley, facing N across river, 12-13000 ft, 6.1949, O.Polunin 654 (BM); Nepal: Jargeng Khola, 14300 ft, 21.6.1950, D.G.Lowndes 1045 (BM); Pakistan: W Himalaya: Rana Valley, SW of Astor, 12000 ft, 35°20Ń, 15°50É, 1.8.1967, T.E.Lankester & T.A.S.Pearson TEI 1336 (BM). Cardamine luxurians (O.E.Schulz) Rashid et Ohba, J. Jap. Bot. 68: 205 (1993).

≡ Cardamine loxostemonoides var. luxurians O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 90: 1069 (1927). Ind. Loc.: “Tihri-Garwáhl: Nila Valley, unter Felsen, 4600-5000 m ü. M. (verblüht am 16. August 1883 – Duthie n. 912).” Type: holotype probably in DD, isotype in K (Rashid et Ohba 1993)

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Rashid A., Ohba H. 1993 – Pakistan) Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 40. PAK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Pakistan: Northern Areas, Distr. Gilgit, Astore, Rama Guest House (3030 m), Rame Lake (3400 m), Glacier above Rama Lake (3700 m), 74°51É, 35°23Ń, 20-21.8.1992, H.Ohba, A.R.Beg, F.Hussain, A.Rashid, M.Yousaf & Y.Endo 393 (TI). Cardamine lyrata Bunge, Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. St. Pétersbourg 2: 5 (1835). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in humidis ad rivulum pr. Ssi-jüi-ssy.” Type: = Cardamine argyi H.Lév., Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 12(22): 7 (1916).

Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 30. BRY, CTA; 31. AMU, KHA, PRM; 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-SC, CHI-NM, CHN-HB, CHM-HJ, CHM-JL, CHM-LN, CHN-SD, CHS-AH, CHS-HE, CHS-FJ, CHS-GX, CHS-HN, CHS-JS, CHS-JX, CHS-ZJ; 38. JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-SK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Pref. Kyoto, Midorogaike, Kita-ku, Kyoto-shi, 70 m, 6.5.2001, G.Murata 72855 (KYO); Japan: Shiga Pref., Lake Biwa, east of Chinai River, SW of JR Makino station, Makino-cho, Takashima-gun, 35°27Ń, 136°03É, 85 m, H.Kudoh & S.Fujii 01-111 (TIM).

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Cardamine macrocarpa Brandegee, Zoe 5(11): 233 (1906).

Ind.loc.: “Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.” Type: IT: 3.1905, C.A.Purpus no.1029 (NY).

Cardamine macrocarpa var. macrocarpa Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXE-CO, MXE-NL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine macrocarpa var. texana Rollins, J. Arnold Arbor. 21(3): 394 (1940).

Ind. loc.: “Texas, Brewster County: Camp Mountain, Chisos Mountains, Sept. 1933, V.L.Cory 7141 (G, type); Chisos Mountains, April 1936, Cory 18670 (G); July 1931, C.H.Mueller 8009 (G); Oct. 1937, Cory 26504 (G); May 1938, E.J.Palmer 34097 (G, NY); June 1931, Moore & Steyermark 3166 (G, NY); March 1937, Sperry 612 (US); June 1937, Warnock 920 (US).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 77. TEX. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine macrophylla Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(1): 484 (1800). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Sibiria (v.s.).” Type: HT: 1772, Pallas (B-W, Khatri 1990). ≡ Dentaria macrophylla (Willd.) Bunge ex Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur.: 45. = Cardamine polyphylla D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 201 (1825).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Gosaingsthan, Wallich.” Type: ≡ Cardamine macrophylla subsp. polyphylla (D.Don) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 401 (1903). ≡ Cardamine macrophylla var. polyphylla (D.Don) T.Y.Cheo et R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 19 (1980). ≡ Dentaria wallichii G.Don, Gener. Nat. Hist.1: 172 (1831).

= Cardamine sachalinensis Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghalin: 58, t.3, fig. 1-3 (1915). Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine sinomanshurica (Kitag.) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 111 (1940). ≡ Dentaria sinomanshurica Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 111 (1940). Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine urbaniana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 396 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China: Prov. Sz`tschwan leg. Aug. Henry 1885-88, n.5635 (H.C.), n. 5635a (H.B.), n.5580 subs nomine C. macrophylla Willd. var. (H.B., H.B.Boiss., H.C.); prov. Schensi septentr.: in m. Hua-tzo-pin leg. Gius. Giraldi 20.6.1894 in Erb. Biondi n. 447 (H.B.).” Type:

= Dentaria willdenowii Tausch, Flora 19: 403 (1836). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Dentaria gmelinii Tausch, Flora 19: 402 (1836). Ind. loc.: not designated.

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Type: Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Gohil et al. 1981 – India [Kashmir]; Morinaga T. & Fukushima E. 1931 – Japan as C.

macrophylla Bunge var. dasyloba Makino) 2n=50 (Malakhova L.A. 1971 – Russia [Verkhov‘ya reky Kashkareta, kedrovopnkhtovaya

tajga]) 2n=64 (Krogulevich R.E. 1976 – Russia [Sibir, Putorana - Talnakh, Baselak]) 2n=96 (Krogulevich R.E. 1978 – Russia [Vostokhnij Sayan - verkhoviya r. Tuboty]; 1976

Russia [Tunkinske Alpy]) Distribution: Europe: 14. RUE, RUN. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, BRY, CTA, IRK, KRA, TVA, WSB, YAK; 31. AMU, KHA, SAK; 32. KAZ; 36. CHC-GZ, CHC-HU, CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHI-NM, CHM-JL, CHM-LN, CHN-GS, CHN-HB, CHN-SA, CHN-SX, CHQ, CHS-AH, CHS-HE, CHS-HN, CHS-JX, CHS-ZJ, CHX; 37. MON; 38. JAP. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM, IND, PAK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: West Szechuen and Tibetian Frontier: chiefly near Tachienlu, 13500 ft, 12.1890, A.E.Prat 231 (BM); China: Alpine pasture in came blackes on the eastern blank of the Lichiang Range, 11-12000 ft, 5.1910, G.Forrest (BM) [as Cardamine urbaniana]. Asia-Tropical: India: Darjeeling, Daribans-Taglu, 7.6.1960, H.Hara, H.Kanai, G.Murata, M.Togashi & T.Tuyama 6327 (TI) [as Cardamine macrophylla var. venusta O.E.Schulz]. Cardamine macrophylla subsp. acutidentata Kuvaev & Sonnikova, Bjul. Mosk. Isp.

Prirody otd. Biol. 103(4): 68 (1998) Ind. loc.: “Sayan occidentale: declivium australe jugi Stanovoi Sayanskij, ripa sinistra fl. Ury Minori in cursu inferiori, vallis vere inudata.” Type: HT: 20.5.1978, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1536 (LE); PT: 11.5.1980, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1538 (LE), 11.6.1980, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1522 (LE), 3.7.1982, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1526 (LE), 15.7.1982, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1540 (MW), 10.5.1978, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1514 (MW), 20.5.1978, A. Uchina (Sonnikova) no. 1537 (MW).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Montes Sayanenses Occidentales et Orientales, Cisbaikalia, in paludosis vallium fluviorum ad alt. 550-1300 (2000) m Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine macrostachya Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 75 (1893).

Ind. loc.: “In Araucania novembri 1887 legi.” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CLC, CLS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine majovskii Marold & Záborský, Preslia 58: 194 (1986).

Ind. loc.: “Slovakia orientalis, distr. Východoslovenská nížina: situ occid. a pago Leles, prope bracchium mortuum „Tica“ dictum.” Type: HT: Slovakia orientalis, distr. Východoslovenská nížina: situ occid. a pago Leles, prope bracchium mortum „Tica“ dictum, 24.4.1985, Marhold (SAV); IT: (SLO).

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? = Cardamine hayneana var. iliciana Fritsch, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 44(1894): 321 (1895).

Ind. loc.: “Südserbien Janja; Suschitza (Ilić).” Type: LT: - (Marhold 1994: 355): Jajna, 1890, Ilić (WU). ≡ Cardamine iliciana (Fritsch) N.Busch, Fl. Caucas. Crit. 3/4: 354-355 (1909). Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania; Marhold K. 1996 – Slovakia,

Hungary, Ukraine; Marhold K. 2000 – Austria; Marhold K. & Záborský J. 1986 – Slovakia)

2n=34 (Marhold K. 1994 – Ukraine) Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-SK, HUN; 13. ROM, YUG-CR, YUG-SL; 14. UKR-UK. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Slovakia: Prešovské hory, in collibus Körök Hegy prope vicum Slanec, 5.1938, Klášterský & Deyl (PR); Slovakia: Plantae Zemplinienses, Sátoralja-Ujhely, 27.4.1879, C.Chyzer (BP); Hungary: Comit. Szatmár, In palidibus ad Pórháza, prope Vállaj, ca.130 m, 15.5.1927, A.Boros (BP); Hungary: Comit. Bereg., in locis humidis silvae Téb-erdö, prope Tarpa, 110 m, 6.5.1955, A.Boros (BP); Slovenia: Notranjska, južni rob Ljubljanskego barja, zahodni del vasi Goričica pod Krimom, 300 m, 27.4.1995, U.Mazi (LJU); Slovenia: Ljubljansko Barje, travnik při jezero (ob vasi Jezero), 293 m, 20.4.1989, J.Lavrenčak (LJU); Slovenia: Dolenjska, Ponova vas prope Grosuplje, 350 m, 18.5.1970, M.Lovka (LJU); Slovenija: Škofjeloško hribovje, in pratis humidis vallis rivuli Podpleščica, prope domum rusticam Joškovec, 600 m, 15.5.1980, A.Podobnik (LIU); Ukraine: Oblasť Zakarpatska, Rajon Mižgirskij, Nehrovec peat bog state neture reserve, 1990, Marhold & Kahalo (SAV); Ukraine: Oblasť Zakarpatska, Rajon Užhorodskyj, Onokivci, 1960, Palko (UU); Romania: Tălmaciu, Valea Sadu, 1990, Marhold (SAV); Romania: Carpatorossia, Marmaroš, in silvis siccis prope vicum Rokosov, 200 m, 5.1935, M.Deyl (PR). Cardamine maritima Port. ex DC., Port. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 266.1821

Ind. loc.: “in Dalmatiae peninsula Sabioncello (olim Hyllis) [Pelješac Peninsula] ad littora maris arenosa. Portenschlag (v.s.sp.)” Type: HT - In Dalmatia, peninsula Sabioncello ad littora arenosa maris, 1820, Portenschlag s.n. (G-DC!).

≡ Pteroneurum dalmaticum Vis. in Flora 12: 17. 1829, nom. illeg. [Art. 52.1] ≡ Pteroneurum maritimum (Port. ex DC.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 676. 1830–1832 ≡ C. thalictroides var. maritima (Port. ex DC.) Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 1: 128. 1842 = C. maritima var. pilosa O.E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 580. 1903

Ind. loc.: “Dalmatia: legg. Tommasini (H.N.) [US], Fr. Petter (H.B. etiam, H.D. etiam) [B!, G], Vruglia [near D. Brela village], leg. Visiani (H.Z. etiam) [Z!], pr. Spalato [Split] in m. Mossor legg. Maly 1869 (H.V.) [W!], in m. Radigne et Beljak, leg. Fr. Petter 1833, 1876 (H. var., etiam), pr. Ragusa [Dubrovnik] ad Garvosa et Lappad leg. Jabornegg 1863 (H. Aschers) [B!], pr. Cattaro [Kotor] leg. Petter (H.P.Ac.) [LE!], Ins. Lussin [Lošinj Island] in M. Ossero [Osoršcica Mt.] legg. Tommasini (H.V.) [WU!]” Type: LT (Kučera et al. 2010): Montis Ossero, 2000 ft, M. Tommasini s.n. (WU!).

− “C. maritima” Port., Enum. Pl. Dalmat.: 15, Tab. 11. 1824, isonym [Art. 48.1]. − “C. dalmatica” Vis. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 38. 1878, nom. inval., pro syn. [Art. 34.1]. − “C. maritima f. vulgaris” Beck in Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu. Prir.

Nauke 2(7): 246, 1907, nom. inval. [Art. 24.3]. Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Kučera et al., 2010) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-CR

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Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Croatia: Cres: Kroatien, Kvarner Insel, Insel Cres, Steig von Lubenice zur Bucht von Lubenice, ca. 44°55Ń, 14°18É, 140 m, Kalkschuttflur, 30.V.1997, M. Magnes (GZU); Kroatien, Istrien (Istria, Istra), I. Cherso (O. Cres), SW Cherso (Cres), am Weg von Lubenizze (Lubenice) zum Meer, 44°55Ń, 14°18É, Kalkschuttflur, 140 m, 30.V.1997, M. Magnes (KL); Lošinj: Kroatien, Insl. Lussin [Lošinj], Monte ďOssero [Osorščica], 3.V.1895, Vončina (GZU); Kroatien, zwischen Felsen am Karn des Monte Ossero [Osorščica] auf Lussin [Lošinj], 21.V.1887, s. coll. (GZU); Kroatien, Istrien, Mt. Ossero [Osorščica] auf Lussin [Lošinj], steinige Orte, IV.1912, Arbcher (GZU); Lussin [Lošinj]: Televrina gipfel des Mt. Ossero [Osorščica], 13.V.1908, Handel-Mazzetti (WU); Insel Lussin [Lošinj]: Mt. Ossero [Osorščica], 18.IV.1923, G. Cufodontis (W); Kroatien: Kvarner, Insel Lošinj, Osorščica, Abstieg von der Televrina gegen Osor, ca.500 m, 14°21´41.2´É, 44°40´27.4´Ń, Felstritzen, Pinus nigra, Kalk, 8.V.2001, F. Krendl (W); Kroatien, zwischen Felsen am Karn des Monte Ossero [Osorščica] auf Lussin [Lošinj], 21.V.1887, K. Fritsch (GZU); am Gipfel des Mt. Ossero [Osorščica] in Felsgeröll, s.d., M. Tommasini (B); Istrien, Lussin [Lošinj], unter dem Gipfel des Monte Ossero [Osorščica], auf Geröll, 400 m, 11.IV.1928, O. Fledler (B); am Gipfel des Mt. Ossero [Osorščica], 1900 ft., 11.V., s. coll. (W); in Felsen am Monte Ossero [Osorščica] nahe der Spitze, 21.V.1887, F. Müllner (W); M. Ossero [Osorščica], parte orient del mont., 550 m, 12.V.1909, A. Haračić (ZA); M. Ossero [Osorščica] fra pietre e massi dalla parte meri d. sulla strede che de Gredice va dirett. in valle, 19.IV.1889, A. Haračić (ZA); M. Ossero [Osorščica] fra la strada Pocivalice fin Organac in grade quantida piu che a Slanac e verso Gredice, 1.V.1895, A. Haračić (ZA); Fl. Lussinensis [Lošinj], Počivalice, 22.V.1910, A. Haračić (CL, SARA); Pocivalice, 20.IV.1890, A. Haračić (ZA); M. Ossero [Osorščica] de Pocivalice a Zinojanov, 200 m, 22.V.1910, A. Haračić (Z, ZA); M. Ossero [Osorščica], Versante occid, Pocivalice, 20.IV.1890, E. Khek (WU); Pelješac: Süddalmatien: Halbinsel Pelješac (Sabbioncello) in Kalkschut nordöstlich von Orebič, 16.IV.1930, A. Ginzberger (WU); Jugoslav. Andragebiet (Primorje): halbinsel Pelješac (Sabbioncello), Kalk, bei Orebič, 1.IV.1924, J. Baumgartner (WU); Dalmatien: Blockhalden am Wüste des Monte Vipera bei Lampalovoselo ober Orebič, IV.1930, H. Zerny (W); Halbinsel Sabioncello [Pelješac], im Karstgestein an Frisse des Mt. Vipera oberhalb Orebič, 28.IV.1928, E. Korb (W); Dalmatien: Halbinsel Sabbioncello [Pelješac], in einer Steinmauer oberhalb Orebič, ca. 150 m, 4.IV.1914, F. Morton (Z); in peninsula Sabioncelo [Pelješac], s.d., F. Portenschlag (B); in Dalmat. peninsula Sabioncello [Pelješac] ad litt. maris, s.d., Zahlbruckner (PRC); Kroatien, Halbinsel Pelješac, Kučište, Talgrund nördlich oberhalb der Kirche Sveti Luka, 60–120 m, schattige und sonnige Felswände, Kalkrohböden Garrique, Flecken des aufgelassenen kulturlandes, 11.IV.1979, E. Vitek (W); Dalmatien, Orebič, am Sattel (376 m) gegen Trappano [Trpanj], 16.IV.1930, K. Ronniger (W); Mljet: Dalmatien: Insel Meleda [Mljet], Macchien bei Porto Sobra, IV.1895, A. Ginzberger (WU); Dalmatica: Insl. Meleda [Mljet], Malin: Veli Grad, Babionopolje, 2.III.1910, J. Baumgartner (WU); Dalmatien: Insel Meleda [Mljet], beim Forsthaus Tatinica, 22.V.1905, E. Kindt (WU); Insel Meleda [Mljet], an Felsen am Lago Blata, IV.1895, A. Ginzberger (WU); Šipan: Otok Šipan: uvala Kamenarska, na putu kroz maluju, 10.III.1979, M. Hečimović (ZA). Cardamine matthioli Moretti, in G.Comolli, Fl. Com. 5: 157 (1847). Ind. loc.: “Lombardia.” Type: LT - (NT) (Marhold & Rayner 1994): Province di Lombardia, s.a., Moretti (FI). ≡ Cardamine pratensis var. matthioli (Moretti) Asch. & Kanitz, Cat. Cormophyt.

Anthophyt. Serbiae: 75 (1877).

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≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. matthioli (Moretti) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 36 (1878). = Cardamine pratensis var. hayneana Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 676 (1832). Ind. loc.: “Bei Mauerbach i der Geg. von Wien.” Type: LT: - (NT) (Marhold 1994: 349): Wien, s. a., Welwitsch (BM). ≡ Cardamine hayneana (Rchb.) Schur, Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15/2 (1876): 80

(1877). ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. hayneana (Rchb.) Podp., Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy

Univ. 1922/12: 25 (1922). = Cardamine skorpilii Velen., Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss.

Cl. 1889/2: 29 (1890). Ind. loc.: “In pratis alpinis montis Vitoša (Škorpil).” Type: LT: - (Marhold 1994: 350): In pratis alpinis m. Vitoša, 1888, Škorpil (PRC). Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Ukraine, Romania; Májovský

J. et al. 1974, 1978 – Slovakia; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974 – Italy, Switzerland; Bernard A. 1974 – France; Marhold K. 1996 – Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania; Marhold K. 2000 – Austria; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Austria; Ančev M., Marhold K. & Goranova M. 1997 – Bulgaria; Marhold K. 1984 – Slovakia)

2n=16, 32 (Druskovic B. & Lovka M. 1995 – Slovenia) 2n=20 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia) Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, HUN, SWI; 12. FRA-FR; 13. ALB, BUL, GRC, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-CR, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. UKR-UK. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Czech republic: Moravia centralis, distr. Přerov, in pratis ad marginem silvae Horní les dictae prope oppidum Kojetín, ca. 900 m, 9.5.1964, L.Reitmayerová (GZU); Slovakia: Skýcov, 1988, Šípošová & Peniažteková (SAV); Slovakia: Slanská Huta, 1987, Marhold (SAV); Ukraine: Oblasť Zakarpatska, Rajon Velykobereznjanskyj, Maly Bereznyj, 1956, Popovič (UU); Austria: Austria inferior, in pratis montanis humidis prope Weidlingan, Mauerbach, Hainbach etc., in agro Vindobonensi, 250 m, s. data, Halácsy (GZU); Austria: S Kärnten, Klagenf. Becken, auf feuchten Wiesen neben der Glau zwischen Pfaffendorf und Rain bei Ebenthal, 10.5.1975, G.H.Leute (KL); Slovenija: Prekmurje, in gossis prope vicum Črenšovci, 170 m, 18.4.1984, T.Wraber (LIU); Hungary: Comit. Sopron, In pratis humidis vallis Hidegvízvölgy prope pag. Ágfalva, ca. 400 m 6.5.1937, Z.Kárpáti (BP); Hungary: In montibus Mátrahegység profundo uvido vallis Nagyhidegvölgy sub balnea Mátraháza, 10.5.1953, J.Papp (BP); Hungary: Magyarország, Pest-megye, Visegrádi-hg., ca. 400 m, 5.3.1987, P.Csontos (BP); Hungary: montes Mátra, Haluskás versus boreo-orientem, ab oppido Gyöngyös, 600 m, 11.5.1970, V.Vašák (PR); Bulgaria: Južny Pirin, po mocarista na Popovi Livadi, 1400 m, 9.6.1988, D.Stojanov (SO, SOM). Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) A.Wood., Amer. Bot. Fl.: 38 (1875).

≡ Dentaria maxima Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 66 (1818). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in the western parts of the state of New York, and Pennsylvania.” Type: = Cardamine anomala (Eames) K.Schum., Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 31: 830 (1904). ≡ Dentaria anomala Eames, Rhodora 5: 217 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Plainville, rich moist woods, 5 May, 1902, C.H.Bissell; 11 May, 1902,

C.H.Bissell. (Type material in herb. Bissell, also in herb. Gray and in the author`s herbarium.).”

Type:

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Chromosome number: 2n=120 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality as Cardamina maxima (Nutt.) A.Wood.) 2n=ca.208 (Montgomery F.H. 1955 – U.S.A [Ontario] as Dentaria maxima Nutt.) Distribution: Northern America: 72. NBR, ONT, QUE; 74. WIS; 75. CNT, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, VER, WVA; 78. KTY. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine mexicana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 461 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Mexico boreal.-orient. pr. Monterey leg. Wm. M. Canby 19. III. 1900 n. 17 (H. C., H. N. sub nomine C. hirsuta L.).” Original material: 19.3.1900, Wm. M. Canby no.17 (GH, WTU).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXE-CO, MXE-NL, MXE-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine micranthera Rollins, Castanea 5(5): 87 (1940).

Ind. loc.: “North Carolinia: in seepage from rocks of stream bank, Peter’s Creek, near Campbell, Stokes County, May 19, 1940, H. L. Blomquist & G. W. McDowell 11058 (Type in Gray Herb.); wet soil on edge of wooded stream (locality as above), May 24, 1939, D. S. Correl & G. W. McDowell 10732 (Gray Herb.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 78. NCA, VRG. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine microphylla Adams, Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 111 (1817). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in promontorio, Bykovský Mys, ora fl. Lena, Adams.” Type: HT: N Siberia: Yakutia, Promontorio, Bykovský Mys, ora fl. Lena, Adams (LE). = Cardamine minuta Willd., Syst. Nat. 2: 251 (1821). Ind. loc.: “In Sibiriâ.” Type: = Cardamine hyperborea O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 550 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Sibiria orient. arctica: ad ostia fl. Lena pr. Gagastyr leg. Bunge 1883 (H.P.Ac.), pr. Whalen lat. 66°12´ long. 169°40´leg. James T. White 1894 (H.N.).” Type:

= Cardamine digitata Richardson, Bot. App.: 743 (1823). Ind. loc.: Type:

Cardamine microphylla subsp. microphylla Chromosome number: 2n=28 (Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1975, 1976, 1980, 1987, 1977 – Russia [Chukotka;

Anyujske nagorje - R. Yagodnyj] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz; Zhukova P.G., Petrovsky V.V. & Plieva T.V. 1973 – Russia [Pos. Iuľtin] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz; Rollins R.C. 1993 – Alaska);

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2n=28, 42 (Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1984 – Russia [Chukotka] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz; Zhukova P.G. & Tikhonova A.D. 1973 – Russia [Anjujskoe nagorje, r. Enmynvaam] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz; Zhukova P.G. 1980 – Russia [Chukotka]);

2n=40 (Zhukova P.G. 1965 – Russia [Vrangel] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz); 2n=42 (Zhukova P.G. 1969 – Russia [Anyujskoe nagor$Ye] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz,

Zhukova P.G. 1966 – Russia [Chukotka] as C. hyperborea O.E.Schulz; Zhukova P.G. 1966 – Rusko[Vrangel] as C. hyperborea var. oxyphylla O.E.Schulz);

2n=42, 52 (Zhukova P.G. & Tikhonova A.D. 1973 – Russia [Chukotka]) 2n=64 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada) 2n=ca.100 (Krogulevich R.E. 1976 – Russia [Sibir, Putorana – Baselak]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 30. KRA, YAK; 31. KAM, KHA, MAG. Northern America: ASK, NWT, YUK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine microphylla subsp. blaisdellii (Eastw.) D.F.Murray & S.Kelso, Rhodora 99: 40

(1997). ≡ Cardamine blaisdellii Eastw., Bot. Gaz. 33: 146 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Nome City, Alaska.” Type: HT: Cape Nome, summer 1900, F.E.Blaisdell (CAS). ≡ Cardamine microphylla var. blaisdellii (Eastw.) Khatri, Feddes Repert. 101(9-10):

444 (1990). Chromosome number: 2n=28 (Murray D., Kelso S. 1997 – Alaska) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. MAG?. Northern America: 70. ASK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine microthrix I.Thomps., Muellera 9: 165 (1996). Ind. loc.: “Victoria, Clarke Lagoon Wildlife Reserve, north-east study area.” Type: HT: 28.10.1987, A.C.Beauglehole & L.W.Huebner no.89710 (MEL). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW-NS, SOA, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: Manning Reserve, 30 km S of Adelaide, 24.3.1971, A.G.Spooner 1216 (AD); Australia: East Gippsland, Ellery Forest Block, Ferntree Creek near Sardine Creek road, 7.1.1987, G.E.Earl 388 (MEL); Australia: Colquhoun Regional Park, 29.10.1984, A.C.Beauglehole 79076, J.R.Turner & J.G.Eichler (MEL); Australia: Perry River Bridge area, 18 km ESE of Stratford P.O., 6.5.1985, A.C.Beauglehole 79632 & J.R.Turner (MEL); Australia: Cobberas National Park, 27.10.1987, A.C.Beauglehole 89511 & L.W.Huebner (MEL); Australia: Jembaicumbene Ck., 10 km SW of Braidwood, 660 m, 20.10.1991, B.J.Lepschi 598 (SYD, CANB, HO); Australia: Richmond River, 1876, Fawcett (MEL); Australia: Devlin’s Creek in Pennant Hills Park, Cheltenham, 2.11.1982, R.G.Coveny 11328 (MEL); Australia: Nepean River, Merangle, 13.1.1968, E.J.McBarron 14839 (NSW); Australia: below Marshall Falls, 1 mile (1.6 km) S of Alstonville, North Coast, 25.10.1961, E.F.Constable (NSW); Australia: Wollondilly River, S of Gibralter Rock, 6 km N of Marulan, 30.10.1977, L.A.S.Johnson 8384 (NSW). Cardamine microzyga O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 545 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Asia centralis ad fines prov. Tibet et West-Szechuen pr. Tachientu 3000-4500 m leg. A.E. Pratt n.265 ante 1890 (H.B.).”

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Type: = Cardamine prattii Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson, Kew Bull.: 153 (1906).

Ind. loc.: “Western Szechuan: Moist alpine meadows at 3300-3700 m., arround Tatien lu, Wilson, 3199; Pratt, 265, probably from the same locality.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHT. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine millsiana Nakai, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363/367): 272 (1914). Ind. loc.: “Corea: in Kangkai, 13.5.1911, Ralph G. Mills.” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. KOR Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine moirensis I.Thomps., Muelleria 9: 167 (1996).

Ind. loc.: “Victoria, eastern end of reserve on Ulupna Island, 10km NW of Strathmerton in the Murray Valley, 35°51´, 145°26´.”

Type: HT: 20.9.1978, T.B.Muir no.5965 (MEL); IT: (NSW, HO, AD, CANB). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: Balranald, 1878, Dr Lucas (MEL); Australia: Dudal Comer Swamp, SW of Henty, 18.10.1971, B.G.Briggs 4390 & L.A.S.Johnson (NSW); Australia: Black Swamp Wildlife Reserve, 25.9.1985, A.C.Beauglehole 80917 (MEL); Australia: two mile Swamp Wildlife Reserve, 6.9.1985, A.C.Beauglehole 80111 (MEL); Australia: Lake Moodemere Reserve, 25.9.1985, A.C.Beauglehole 80957 (MEL); Australia: Loch Garry Wildlife Management Co-operative Area, 11.9.1985, A.C.Beauglehole 80317 (MEL); Australia: Yarriambiack Creek, County of Borung, 8.10.1903, F.M.Reader (MEL); Australia: Ulupna Island Reserve in Murray Valley, 3 miles NW of Strathmerton, 7.10.1969, T.B.Muir 4706 (MEL); Australia: Far North West, Hattah Lakes National Park lake area, 21.10.1969, G.W.Anderson (MEL); Australia: roadside adjacent to Darlot Swamp, NE of Horsham, 2.9.1995, I.R.Thompson 97 (MEL). Cardamine monteluccii Brilli-Catt. & Gubellini, Webbia 39: 398 (1986).

Ind. loc.: “Marche, Gruppo del. M. Gemmo: macereti, pendici, detritiche, fruticeti e boschi xerofili radi nel versante SW del M. di Castel S. Maria sopra la Valle di Campobonomo, 800-850 m, suolo calcareo.” Type: HT: Marche, Gruppo del. M. Gemmo: macereti, pendici detritiche, fruticeti e boschi xerofili radi nel versante SW del M. di Castel S. Maria sopra la Valle di Campobonomo, 800-850 m, suolo calcareo, 17.5.1982, A. Brilli-Cattarini & L.Gubellini (PS).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Brilli-Cattarini A.J.B. & Gubellini B. 1986 – Italy) Distribution: Europe: 13. ITA-IT, SIC-SI. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Europe: Italy: Nelle fessure sul ciglio delle rupi calcarae sul Fiume Albegna presso il Podere Roconi (Semproniano, Grosseto), 500 m, exp. SW, 3.6.1990, F. Selvi & A. Selvi (FI); Italy: Marche, Gruppo del M. Gemmo, macereti, pandici detritiche fruticeti e boschi xerofili radi nel versante SW del M. di Castel S. Maria sopra La Valle di Campolungo, 800-850 m, suolo calcareo, humus scarso o nullo, 17.5.1982, Brilli-Cattarini & C. Gubellini (FI); Italy: Pesaro, da semi raccolti il 15.6.1981 nel Gruppo del M. Gemmo, versante SW del M. di Castel S. Maria sopra la Valle di Campolungo, 800-850 m, suolo calcareo, 17.4.1983 fl., 28.5.1983 fr., Brilli-Cattarini (FI); Italy: Monti Lepini, calcarei bella Valata di Patrica, ca. 500 m, 27.5.1897, Brilli-Cattarini & Gubellini (FI); Italy: Monte Alburno (Campania), Pascoli e roccie presco il Figliolo e flora cacuminale, 1300 m, 1.6.1952, R. Pichi – Sermoli & G. Moggi (FI); Italy: Settore sud-occidentale del Massieccio del Pollino presso la Dirupata di Morano (Morano, Calabro, Cs), UTM: WE94,12, 1100 m, W-SW, 15.4.1994, L. Bernardo, P. Calrosa & G. Maiorca (FI); Italy: Settore orientale del Massiccio del Pollino, presso Timpa di Cassano (Civita, CS), UTM: XE 10,15, calcarei, 1250 m, SW, 20.4.1994, L. Bernardo (FI). Cardamine montenegrina Jar. Kučera, Lihová & Marhold, Taxon 59: 161 (2010).

Ind. loc.: “Montenegro, Mt. Lovćen, Kotor, village of Njegoši, 42°24´38´Ń, 18°47´23´É, 919 m”.

Type: HT - Montenegro, Mt. Lovćen, Kotor, village of Njegoši, 42°24´38´Ń, 18°47´23´É, 919 m, 4.V.2004, J. Kučera & M. Kolník s.n. (SAV).

Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Kučera et al., 2010) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-MN Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Montenegro: Kotor: Montenegro, Njegus [Njeguši], in calc., 1000 m, VII.1900, E. Sagorski (SOM, B, Z, PR); Flora Montenegrina, Krstac, Njeguši, VI.1903, J. Rohlena (PRC); Flora Montenegrinae, ad Njeguši, VII.1912, J. Rohlena (PRC); Flora Dalmatica, bei großen Steinen nächst Risano [Risan] in der Bocca di Cattaro [Kotor], V.1880, Th. Pichler (SO); Risano [Risan], in Dalmatien, 30.VI.1868, Th. Pichler (CLK, PR, PRC, WU, W); Montenegro: obere Scurdaschlucht am Austieg nach Krstac, 26.V.1910, K. Ronniger (W); Crna Gora, Boka Kotorska, Risan, kamenjari, krečnjak, 10 m, 27.V.1998, D. Lakušić, S. Jovanović & G. Tomović (BEOU); Cattaro [Kotor] in saxosis calc., 22.V.1910, E. Sagorski (CL); Dalmatica: Porta Fiumera ad Cattaro [Kotor], V.1872, Th. Pichler (CL, K, PRC, WU, W, B); Dalmatia: inter lapides Lutta in Bocche di Cattaro [Kotor], 28.VI.1885, Th. Pichler (PRC); Dalmatien, bei Lutta in der Bocche di Cattaro [Kotor], VI.1888, Th. Pichler (PRC); Dalmatia: In faucibus Fiumera ad prope Kotor, 17.V.1912, K. Malý (WU, K, ZA); Flora Dalmatica, Fiumera, Schlucht bei Cattaro [Kotor], 17.V.1902, K. Malý (SARA); Dalmatia: Cattaro [Kotor], 1.V.1943, s. coll. (K); Cattaro [Kotor], in loc. saxosis, 7.VI.1867, R. Huter (K, WU, B); Perasto prope Cattaro [Kotor], 1868, R. Huter (PRC); Dalmatia, Cattaro [Kotor], 22.VI.1897, J.B. Saint-Lager (PR); Cattaro [Kotor], 15.IV.1881, B. Jiruš (PR); Montenegro, Krstac höhe ober Cattaro [Kotor], 20.V.1895, G. Beck (PRC); Dalmatien am mt. Spigliari ober Cattaro [Kotor], Krstac, 20.V.1895, G. Beck (PRC); Cattaro [Kotor], 12.IV.1899, s. coll. (PRC); Dalmatien: Schlucht bei Cattaro [Kotor], 24.V.1905, E. Kindt (WU); Dalmatien: Cattaro [Kotor], Schutthalden am Beginn des alten Weges nach Montenegro, 2.VI.1908, E. Janchen (WU); Montenegro: Bucht von Kotor: NW Kotor, Schutthalden, Felsen, Kalk, ca. 10–50 m, 25.VI.1988, F. Krendl (W); Montenegro, oberhalb Kotor, gegen den Lovčen, bei der Pipol-Jevac Quelle (1889), Buschwald, Blockhalden, Felsen, Kalk, ca. 410 m, 23.VI.1988, F. Krendl (W); Jugoslawien excursion 1967, Institut f. Systematik botanik, Univ. Graz, Montenegro Lovčen-Pass, W-Hang unterhalb Krstac, Spalten, Felsbänder, Pioneerrasen, Kalk, ca. 900 m, 23.VII.1967, F. Ehrendorfer 4206 (WU); Cattaro [Kotor] in locis saxosis, VI., Stagger (Z); Cattaro [Kotor]: am Vermač,

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V.1904, G.A. Poscharsky (Z); Cattaro [Kotor], 6.VI.1867, Hutn. (B); Bocche di Cattaro [Kotor], IV.1910, K. Bernau (B); Dalmatien: Bocche di Cattaro [Kotor], am Revtoreg Cattaro [Kotor] - Cetinje, ca. 500 m, 26.III.1910, A. Siurberger (WU); Dalmatien: Cattaro [Kotor], 16.V.1885, Gehni (WU); Iter Dalmaticum, Cattaro [Kotor] ad Porta Fiumera, 16.V.1886, J. Bornmüller (WU); Iter Dalmaticum 1911, Cattaro [Kotor], 17.V.1911, J. Bornmüller (SARA); In rupibus, in declivibus umbrosis lapido sisque ad Cattaro [Kotor], 15.V.1886, J. Bornmüller (W); Zwischen Steingerölle bei Mulla nächst Cattaro [Kotor], IV.1876, K. Studniczka (WU); Dalmatien: Cattaro [Kotor], am Felsen am Frisse des Verenač oberhalb Milla, 13.V.1928, E. Korb (W); Dalmatia: Cattaro [Kotor], auf Felsen in hintersten Teile des “Reitweges“,11.VI.1926, E. Korb (W); Risano [Risan], Cattaro [Kotor], 26.III.1905, J. Schneider (W); Dalmatien: Cattaro [Kotor], Nuterhalb Trinita, VII.1902, F. Vierhapper (WU); Podgorica: Kanjon Morače, izlaz, 19.V.1991, S. Vukojičić, S. Jovanović & D. Lakušić (BEOU); Bar: Montenegro, Bar, V.1903, J. Rohlena (PRC); Flora Montenegrina, pr. Bar, V.1908, J. Rohlena (PRC); Montenegro, Bar, IV.1903, J. Rohlena (PRC); Ulcinj: Flora Montenegrina, pr. Ulcinj, IV.1903, s. coll. (PRC). Cardamine multiflora T.Y.Cheo et R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6:

21 (1980). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan Sheng: Baoxing Xian.”

Type: HT: 28. V. 1954, Tzu-pu Soong no.28262 (HN). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine multijuga Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 399 (1886).

Ind. loc.: “Yun-nan, in aquosis ad Mo-so-yn, prope Lankong; fl.. 28 jun. 1884 (Delav. n. 697).”

Type: ≡ Cardamine griffithii Hook.f. et Thomson subsp. multijuga (Franch.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 506 (1903).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: Yunnan, 8200ft, Lat. 27°5´, 6.1906, G.Forrest (BM); China: by sides of stream and ditches north end of the Lichiang valley, Lat. 27°15´N, 8500 ft, 6.1910, G.Forrest (BM); China: West China, Yunnan, 1930, Forrest 28843 (KYO). Cardamine nasturtioides Bertero, Mercurio Chileno 12: 600 (1829).

Ind. loc.: “abundante en los pantanos cerca de los torrentes de Taguatagua, y Rio Claro.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nepalenis N.Kurosaki et H.Ohba, J. Jap. Bot. 64(5): 135 (1989).

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Ind. loc.: “Nepal. Janakpur Zone. Ramechhap Distr.: Serdingma-Dubikharka, alt. 3400-3720 m, in Abies forest.” Type: HT: 7.7.1985, H.Ohba, T. Kikuchi, M. Wakabayashi, M. Suzuki, N. Kurosaki, K.R. Rajbhandari & S.K.Wu no. 8570258 (TI); IT: (KTM).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 40. NEP. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nevadensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 295 (1854). Ind. loc.: “Sierra Nevada in provincia Merida Venezuelae.” Type: Funck & Schlim no.1554 Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine niigatensis H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 58(11): 328 (1983).

Ind. loc.: “Japan. Honshu. Pref. Niigata : in wet places, Tanne, Kashiwazaki-shi, 90 m (I. Ito no. 24244, May 10, 1983, fr.-type in TI) ; Morimachi, Shitada-mura, Minamikanbara-gun, 100 m (I. Ito no. 22445, May 3, 1982, fl. ; no. 24345, May 15, 1983, fr., TI) ; Osoba, Shitada-mura, 350 m (I. Ito no. 24312, May 15, 1983, fl., TI) ; Ōshirakawa, Kitauonuma-gun (S. Okuyama no. 20826, May 8, 1959, fl., TNS).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nipponica Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap.: 281 (1879).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in monte Hakousan, Ontake, provincie Kanga, in insula Nippon (Savatier, n. 1804).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, TAI. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Prov. Shinano, Mt. Yatsugadake, 10.7.1944, G.Nakai 632 (KYO); Japan: Komagatake in Shinano, 19.8., Y. Yabei (TI); Japan: Loc. Yabusawa-goya, 28.7.1957, Y.Hoshimiya & K.Onishi (TI); Japan: Sanoike to Hachigôme, Mt. Kiso-ontake, Nishichikuma-gun, Prov. Shinano, Hondo, 5.8.1953, M.Mizushima (TI); Japan: Hakusan, ca. Midoriga-ike, 27.7.1953, G.Masamune (TI); Japan: Hokkaido, Prov. Ishikari, Mt. Tomuraushi, 31.7.1955, S.Kawano (TI); Japan: Gifu Pref., along the Hida-Kosakaguchi pathway, Kosaka-machi, Masuda-gun, ca. 1700-2859 m, 10.9.1997, Takashi Saito (TI). Cardamine nivalis Gillies, Bot. Misc. 3: 136 (1833).

Ind. loc.: Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGW-ME, AGW-SJ, CL-dopl.

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Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nuttallii Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 389 (1887). ≡ Dentaria tenella Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 439 (1814). Ind. loc.: “On the banks of the Columbia, April. v. s. in Herb. Lewis.” Type: ≡ Cardamine tenella (Pursh) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 389 (1903). ≡ Cardamine pulcherrima var. tenella (Pursh) C.L.Hitchc., Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol.

17(2): 472 (1964). = Dentaria macrocarpa Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 88 (1838). Ind. loc.: “Woods of the Oregon.” Type: ? ≡ Cardamine macrocarpa Brandegee, Zoe 5: 233 (1906).

Ind. loc.: “Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.” Type: IT: 3.1905, C.A.Purpus no.1029 (NY).

= Cardamine pulcherrima Greene, Erythea 1: 148 (1893). Ind. loc.: “In eastern Oregon, near Moisier, 9 April, 1893, Thomas Howell.” Type: ≡ Dentaria tenella var. pulcherrima (Greene) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 573 (1936). ≡ Dentaria macrocarpa var. pulcherrima (Greene) B.L.Rob., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 154

(1895). ≡ Dentaria pulcherrima (Greene) Greene, Pittonia 3: 123 (1896). Cardamine nuttallii var. nuttallii Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 71. BRC; 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana (O.E.Schulz) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 45 (1993).

≡ Cardamine tenella (Pursh) O.E.Schulz var. covilleana O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 391 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Washington: W. Klickitat Co. Ad Columbia fl. Leg. W. N. Suksdorf 1892 (H. B. Boiss.), pr. White Salmon leg. idem 1883 (H. N.); Oregon: pr. Silverton leg. Th. Howell 1887 (H. C., H. N. sub nomine C. lobata Howell), pr. Mosier leg. Th. Howell 1891 (H. N.), ad Lower Frazer River leg. Lyall 1859 (H. B.), ad Hood fl. leg. W. N. Suksdorf 1885 (H. B., H. C.), pr. Dalles leg. Wilson 1875 (H. N.); California: in Siskiyou m. leg. Th. Howell 1884 (H. C.), Plumas Co. Legg. R. M. Austin 1876-80 (H. C.), Placer Co. Leg. Ames 1877, pr. Quiney leg. R. M. Austin 1899 (H. N.).”

Type: = Dentaria tenella var. palmata Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 573 (1936). Ind. loc.: “Plumas County.” Original material: 1877, Mrs. R.M.Austin (GH). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nuttallii var. dissecta (O.E.Schulz) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 45 (1993).

≡ Cardamine tenella (Pursh) O.E.Schulz var. dissecta O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 391 (1903).

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Ind. loc.: “Washington: in Simeon m. leg. T. Howell 1869 (H. C.), W. Klickitat Co. Ad Columbia fl. Leg. W. N. Suksdorf 1892 (H. C.), .), pr. White Salmon leg. idem 1880 (H. C.); Oregon: ad Hood fl. leg. W. N. Suksdorf 1885 (H. B., H. C.); California: Plumas Co. Legg. R. M. Austin 1876-80 (H. C.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata (Greene) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 45 (1993).

≡ Dentaria gemmata (Greene) Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 1: 49 (1897). ≡ Cardamine gemmata Greene, Pittonia 1: 162 (1888). Ind. loc.: “along brooks near Waldo, Oregon.”

Type: IT: 20.4.1887, Mr. Howell (ORE). = Cardamine quercetorum Howell, Erythea 3: 33 (1895). Ind. loc.: “Williamette Valley near Silverton, Oregon.”

Type: HT: 20.3.1887, Howell no.1488 (ORE); IT: (GH, MO, SCW, TH, US). ≡ Dentaria quercetorum (Howell) Greene, Pittonia 3: 123 (1896). ≡ Cardamine tenella var. quercetorum (Howell) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 390

(1903). ≡ Dentaria tenella var. quercetorum (Howell) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 573 (1936). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine nymanii Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 1043 (1921).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Spitzberg ad Kingsbay, lat. 79° (F.Schäfer) sub nomine var. angustifolia Hook. Distributa quae diversa est.”

Type: = Cardamine polemonioides Rouy, in Rouy & Foucaud Fl. France: 3: 234 (1893). Ind. Loc.: “Spitzberg, Islande, Nouvelle-Zemble, etc.” Type: ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. polemonioides Rouy, in Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France: 3:

234 (1893). = Cardamine pratensis L. var. angustifolia Hook., Appendix to Capt. Parrys Journal, second

voyage: 389 (1825) Ind. Loc.: “Igloolik. Duke of York’s Bay. Southampton Island.” Type:

≡ Cardamine pratensis L. subsp. angustifolia (Hook.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 529 (1903).

Chromosome number: 2n=64 (Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden; Löve A. & Löve D. 1982 - Canada) 2n=68 (Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Murmanskaya obl., Okr. d. Kirovska, topkij bereg oz.

Boľshoj Budyavr]) 2n=ca.90 (Petrovskij V.V. & Zhukova P.G. 1983 – Russia [Vrangel] as Cardamine pratensis

subsp. angustifolia) 2n=ca.100 (Zhukova P.G. et al. 1973 – Russia [R. Amguzma, 115-j km trassy] as Cardamine

pratensis subsp. angustifolia)

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Distribution: Europe: 10. FIN, FOR, ICE, NOR, RUN, SVA, SWE. Asia-Temperate: 30. KRA, WSB, YAK; 31. KAM, MAG. Northern America: 70. ASK, GNL, NUN; 71. MAN; 72. NFL-NE?, LAB?. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Canada: Baffin Island, Koukdjuak river, 31.8.1925, J.D.Soper (PR). Cardamine obliqua A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 19 (1847).

Ind. loc.: “In regione superiori montis Bachit ad rivulos (provincia Semiène).” Type: HT: (Jonsell 1982: 39) Schimper II. 989 (P); IT: - (HAL, B, BM, K, S, W). ≡ Cardamine pratensis var. obligua (A. Rich.) Engl., Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.: 225 (1892).

= Cardamine johnstonii Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 328 (1887). Ind. loc.: “Kilimanjaro, 8000ft.” Type:

= Cardamine obligua f. alpina (Engl.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 518 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Kilimandscharo a »Muibach« usque ad Kobi 2800-4800 m. leg. H. Meyer (H. B. sub n. C. pratensis L. f. alpina Engler msc.).” Type:

= Cardamine tolimensis Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4(17): 59 (1862). Ind. loc.: “Pie de Tolima, prés de Boqueron, alt.3300-3900 métres (Linden, n. 922, pro

parte); ibid., côté nord-ouest du pied des neiges (Goudot).” Type: HT: Linden no. 922 (P). = Cardamine rhizomata Rollins, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 392 (1940).

Ind. loc.: “Ecuador: Nudo de Boliche Voladero, Carchi, June 10, 1939, C.W.Penland & R.H.Summers 870 (G, type; Colorado College Herb., isotype).” Type:

Počet chrommozómov: 2n= 36, 56, 62, c.64, 72 (Jonsell 1976 – Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya) Distribution: Africa: 23. RWA, ZAI; 24. ETH; 25. KEN, TAN, UGA. Southern America: 83. ECU, CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Africa: Ethiopia: c.11 miles S of Goba, Bule prov., on a road to Masslo, Saneti plateau, 23.6.1976, A.Rich (K); Ethiopia: Slopes of Mt. Wuti, Debra Berhan Distr., 10 000 ft, 22.3.1955, H.F.Mooney (K); Ethiopia: 25 km west of Curie or Dinchu on Goba road, 3000 ft., 27.5.1972, J.Ash (K); Uganda: Bujugu, 12855 ft, 2.1933, Veh (K); Kenya occid: regis bambusina inflexior in bambusets et ad ronulum, c.2500 m., 1927, E.Rob. & Th.C.E.Fries (K); Kenya: Kenya Colony, Mt Kenya, NW Slopes, 3100 m, 19.8.1948, O.Hedberg (K); Kenya: Kenya Mt., 2.12.1957, Verdcourt (K); Kenya: Naro Moru, upper bamboo zone, 10500 ft, 9.1948, J.G.Wiliams (K); Kenya: Rift Valley, Prov. Nakuru Distr., Eastern Man Forest reserve, Camp 9, 2750 m., 27.8.1949, R.A.Maas (K); Tanzania: Kilimanjaro, forest above Kilimanjaro Timbes, 2500-2600 m., 28.5.1994, J.M.Grimshaw (K). Southern America: Colombia: Caldas, Manizales, Jardín Botánico de la Universidad de Caldas, 2153 m, 5.6.1976, Aristizábal & Cárdenas 15 (FAUC); Colombia: Caldas, rute a los termales, cerca de la enea, 2700-3000 m, 31.10.1952, Humbert et al. 27006 (COL); Colombia: Cauca, Puracé, entre San Rafael y Santa Leticia, sin altura, 7.10.1984, Lozano et al. 4776 (COL); Colombia: Nariño, páramo del Tábano, sin altura, 13.5.1935, Garcia-Barriga 4528 (COL). ?? Cardamine obligua var. stylosa Rollins, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 392 (1940).

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Ind. loc.: “Mexico: wet barranca, Las Cruces, Temascaltepec, June 13, 1934, G.B.Hinton et al. 6080 (G, type; US, isotype); Nevada de Toluco, Mexico, Sept. 1892, Pringle 5327 (G).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXC. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Mexico: México, Temascaltepec, Las Cruces, 3350 m, 13.6.1934, G.B.Hinton 6080 – isotype NY Cardamine occidentalis (S.Watson) Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 1: 50 (1897).

≡ Cardamine pratensis L. var. occidentalis S.Watson, Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 158 (1895).

Ind. loc.: “Suavies Island and Oregon City, Oregon, Howell, Henderson.” Type: IST: United States of America: Oregon, Sauvie´s Island, 10.4.1886, TJ.Howell

(NY, ORE). = Cardamine neglecta Greene, Pittonia 3: 154 (1897). Ind. loc.: “Shores of the Behm Canal, in southern Alaska.” Type: 24.6.1892, M.W.Gormann Chromosome number: 2n=64 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada) Distribution: Northern America: 70.ASK; 71. BRC; 73. ORE, WAS; 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine ocoana O.E.Schulz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 84 (1933).

Ind. loc.: “Rep. Sto. Domingo: Prov. Azua, in Sierra de Ocoa prope San José de Ocoa ad Cuchilla del Pino Atravesado ad rivulum, cr. 2300 m alt., m. Febr. fruct. – Ekman n. H. 11702.”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 81. DOM. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85 (1838). Ind. loc.: “Shady woods of the Oregon.”

Type: IT - (NY) ≡ Cardamine hirsuta subsp. oligosperma (Nutt.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 468 (1903).

= Cardamine unijuga Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 246 (1897). Ind. loc.: “Spanish Basin.” Type: HT: 18.7.1896, Flodman no.494 (NY). ≡ Cardamine oligosperma var. unijuga (Rydb.) Torr., Rhodora 17: 158 (1915). = Cardamine acuminata (Nutt.) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29(4): 237 (1902). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. acuminata Nutt., Fl. N. Amer. 1: 85 (1838). Ind. loc.: “British America, Richardson; Oregon, Nuttall !” Type: = Cardamine lucens (G.S.Torr.) Suksd., Rhodora 20 (239): 198 (1918).

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≡ Cardamine oligosperma var. lucens G.S.Torr., Rhodora 17: 157 (1915). Ind. loc.: “Washington: damp places, common at Bingen, Klickitat Co., Suksdorf, no.

7452 (Type in Hb. Gray.); shady rocky stream-banks, Waitsburg, Horner, no. R79B64. Oregon: Chenowith Creek, Wasco Co., Oregon, Sheldon, no. 10,200; bogs near Portland, 1884, L.F.Henderson. California: Mt. Diablo, 1878, Lemmon; foothills near Stanford University, Santa Clara Co., Baker, no. 517; Back of Alum Rock Park, Santa Clara Co., Heller, no. 8484; Common in moist shady ground, vicinity of Eureka, Humboldt Co., Tracy, no. 1009.”

Type: = Cardamine bracteata (O.E.Schulz) Suksd., Rhodora 20(239): 198 (1918).

≡ Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. var. bracteata (O.E.Schulz) Torr., Rhodora 17: 157 (1915). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. bracteata O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 470 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Washington: W.Klickitat Co. Leg. W. N. Suksdorf 1885 (H. B., H. C., H. N., H. P. Ac., H. V. U.).” Type: 1885, W.N.Suksdorf (B, GH, WTU, LE, WU)

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada; Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality) Distribution: Northern America: 70. ASK; 71.BRC; 73.COL, IDA, MNT, ORE, WAS, WYO; 75. NWY; 76. CAL, NEV, UTA. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Canada: mossy cliff base above rock slide, 1 km west of Bridal Falls, about 95 km eats of Vancouver, 1.5.1998, F.Lomer (UBC); USA: Utah, Summit Co., Wasatch, NF, Uinta Mts., 9 miles NW of Kings Peak, E side Bald Mt., head of Smiths Fork, 11050 ft, 1.9.1981, S.Goodrich 16272 (NY); USA: Utah, Beaver Co., Tushar Mts., Big Flat, 0.1 mile S of guard station, 10075 ft, 24.7.1989, A.Taye 4721 (NY); USA: Utah, Uintah Co., Uinta Mts., Lonesome Park, ca. 2 miles N of Blanchett Park, 10400 ft, 29.6.1994, A.Huber 1362 (NY); USA: Utah, Utah Co., Provo City, First South and First East Streets, 4520 ft, 12.5.1964, R.C.Holmgren 274 (NY); USA: Utah, Duchesne Co., Upper Cole Creek, ca. 0.4. mile north of Pole Creek Lake, Uinta Mts., 10280 ft, 21.7.1999, A.Huber 4065B (NY); USA: Nevada, Esmeralda Co., White Mts., Fishlake Valley drainage: Middle Creek canyon 4 miles SE of Boundary Peak, 8170 ft, 37°50´N, 118°17´W, 28.7.1986, J.D.Morefield, Ch.W.Abbott & D.H.McCarty 4223 (NY); USA: Nevada, Esmeralda Co., White Mts., Fishlake Valley drainage: in Trail Canyon (2.1 miles S 70°E of Kennedy Point, 8070 ft, 37°53´N, 118°17´W, 15.8.1985, J.D.Morefield 3087a (NY). Cardamine ovata Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 158 (1845).

Ind. loc.: “In sylvis prope pagum Tena, prov. Bogota.” Type: HT: In the woods on the village of Tena in the province of Bogota, Hartweg no. 881 (K); IT: (K).

= Cardamine ibaguensis Planch. & Linden, Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 4(17): 60 (1862). Ind. loc.: “Manizales, prov. ďAntioquia, alt. 2140 métres, et Bogota, alt. 2700 métres (Tr.); Ibague (Goudot).” Type: HT: J.Triana s.n. (P).

= Cardamine lehmannii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49(5): 19 (1895). Ind.loc.: “Columbia: locis humudis in declivibus orientalibus Páramo de Guanacas, Prov. Cauca, 2800-3200 m.” Original material: St. John no. 20794 (US).

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≡ Cardamine ovata subsp. lehmannii (Hieron.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 412 (1903).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 80. COS, PAN; 82. VEN; 83. ECU, CLM. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Colombia: Antioquia, Urrao, páramo de Frontino, between Liano Grande and Churrumblum, 06°28Ń, 76°05´W, 3320-3550 m, 1.3.1989, J.MacDougal et al. 4379 (GH, HUA, MO); Colombia: Boyacá, Pajarito, km.80, hacienda comijoque, 2000 m, 7.3.1980, H.Bernal & G.Chavarro 279 (COL), Colombia: Cauca, „Canaan“, Mt. Puracé, 3100-3300 m, 11-13.6.1922, F.Pennel & E.Pkillip 6675 (GH, NY, US); Colombia: Cundinamarca, Bogotá, quebrada del Chicó, 2750-2890 m, 8.6.1939, J.Cuatrecasas 5384 (COL, US); Colombia: Huila, Parque Nacional Natural Nevado del Huila, cerca de la cabaña alto Páez, 2°47´07´Ń, 76°01´26´´W, sin altura, 3.12.1993, Barbosa 9339 (COL); Colombia: Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, „W side of quebrada Botella along camino to San Pedro de la Sierra“, 1650-1750 m, ca.10°56Ń, 73°58´W, 29.9.1972, J.Kirkbride, Jr. 2249 (COL); Colombia: Meta, macizo de Sumapáz, hoya de la quebrada El Buque, 3100-3300 m, 9.7.1981, Díaz P. et al. 2719 (COL, MO); Colombia: Nariño, El Tablón de Gómez, faldas del volcán Doña Juana, laguna el silencio, 3150 m, 18.9.2001, Ramírez & Díaz-P. 14869 (CAUP); Colombia: Norte de Santader, región del Sarare, hoya del río Margua, bosques en la quebrada del río Negro, 1200-1300 m, 9.11.1941, J.Cuatrecasas 12940 (COL, US); Colombia: Quindío, „Pinares above Salento“, 2700-2900 m, 2-10.8.1922, F.Pennell 9344 (GH, NY, US); Colombia: Risaralda, Periera, vereda La Pastora, Parque Regional Ucumarí, camino de El Ceilán a La Pastora, 2370-2390 m, 31.7.1989, M.Galeano 240 (COL); Colombia: Santader, „Vélez, 12 km N of Vélez, 8000 ft“, 8.6.1944, N.Fassett 25303 (GH, US); Colombia: Tolima, Santa Isabel, valle del río Totarito, 3500 m, 12.2.1980, R.Jaramillo et al. 6336 (COL); Colombia: Valle del Cauca, hoya del río Cali, vertiente derecha confluencia del río Pichindecito noc el Pichindé, 1580-1650 m, 7.11.1944, Cuatrecasas 18766 (F). ?? Cardamine ovata Benth. var. corymbosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 16: 16 (1889).

Ind. loc.: “Undavi, 10 000 ft (1206).“ Type: HT: Bolivia, Unduavi, 10 000ft, 10.1885, H.H.Rusby no.1206 (NY).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. BOL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pacensis Romero, Bol. Direcc. Nac. Estad. y Estud. Geogr. La Paz Segunda

Epoca 3(25-27): 64 (1920). Ind. loc.:

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. BOL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pachystigma (S.Watson) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 45 (1993).

≡ Dentaria pachystigma (S.Watson) S.Watson, Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 155 (1895).

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≡ Dentaria californica Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray var. pachystigma S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 289 (1879).

Ind. loc.: “Mountains of Plumas County, California.” Type: = Dentaria corymbosa Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 426 (1925). Ind. loc.: “High peaks of the inner North Coast Ranges, 6500 to 7000 ft., from Yollo

Bolly Mts. to n. Lake Co.” Type: Cardamine pachystigma var. pachystigma Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia (Detling) Rollins, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4: 45 (1993).

≡ Dentaria pachystigma S.Watson var. dissectifolia Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 575 (1936).

Ind. loc.: “Magalia.” Type: Detling no.1631 (in the Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University, sheet no 233780)

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 76. CAL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pancicii Hayek, Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 94:

149 (1918). ≡ Cardamine glauca subsp. pancicii (Hayek) Trinaistić, Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 4: 8

(1976). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in glareosis montis Kopaonik Serbiae, ubi legit Pančić anno 1874.”

Type: HT: Cardamine glauca Spr. / var. microphylla / In glareosi m. Kopaonik / Serb. merid. Aug 874 / J. Pančić [Pančić’s handwriting] // Botanisches Institut der k.k. Universität Wien / C. Pančicii Hayek nov. spec. / 5.3.1915, A. Hayek [Hayek’s handwriting] — Herb. Kerner 000057 (WU).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-SE. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Serbia, Kopaonik: 1 km ispod hotela Bačište, 1500 m, oko potoka, silikat, 27.5.2001, Lakušić D., Sabovljević M. & Mitrović V. 15156 (BEOU); Krst, pored puta za Suvo Rudište, 1750 m, kamenjari, silikat, 20.8.2000, Lakušić D., Sabovljević M. & Mitrović V. 15157 (BEOU); Krst, 1700 m, Sclerantho-Cardaminetum pancicii, vlažna tresetna podloga, 25.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17158 (BEOU); Pojilo Greben - Treska (lok. 5.1.), 1700 m, vlažna tresetna podloga, 25.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17159 (BEOU); Pajino Preslo, 1700 m, Hygronardion, silikat, 27.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17160 (BEOU); Suvo Rudište, 1950 m, Minuartietum recurvae, kornit – jalovinište, 25.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17161 (BEOU); Krst, 1800 m, Sclerantho-Cardaminetum pancicii, vlažna šljunkovita podloga, 25.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17162 (BEOU); Krst, 1700 m, Sclerantho-Cardaminetum pancicii, vlažna tresetna podloga, 25.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17163 (BEOU); Suvo Rudište, 1900 m, osuline sa dominacijom Anthemis carpatica, kornit – jalovinište, 26.6.2003, Lakušić D. 17164 (BEOU).

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Cardamine papillata I.Thomps., Muelleria 9: 161 (1996). Ind. loc.: “Victoria, Maramingo Creek area, c. 4 km direct NE of Genoa P.O.” Type: HT: 26.12.1969, A.C.Beauglehole no.32819 (MEL). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW-CT, NSW-NS, SOA, TAS, VIC. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: Hindmarsh Tiers, Southern Lofty, 28.8.1965, J.B.Cleland (AD); Australia: Bentley Plains road, 18.2.1971, A.C.Beauglehole 36799 (MEL); Australia: Little Hard Hills area east of Hall’s road, Enfield Forest Park, 24 km SSW of Ballarat P.O., 23.10.1978, A.C.Beauglehole 61009 (MEL); Australia: Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, SE of Rotamah Island 9.9.1987, I.Crawford 633 (MEL); Australia: Near Back (or Stony) creek, 0.5 km NW of Ramshead creek, 1981, S.J.Forbes 662 (MEL); Australia: Attunga State Forest, 620 m, 27.10.1990, J.R.Hosking 186 (NSW); Australia: Warrabah National Park, 450 m, 9.9.1987, J.R.Hosking (NSW); Australia: beside Nimmitabel-Bega Rd., Glenbog State Forest, Southern Tablelands, 10.12.1970, A.N.Rodd 1577 (NSW); Tasmania: Clarke Isl., 1893, J.H.Maclaine (MEL); Tasmania: Salwater Lagoon, Friendly Beachse, 30.12.1983, A.M.Buchanan 2158 (HO); Tasmania: Florentine Valley, 12.12.1952, W.M.Curtis (HO); Tasmania: Allwrights Lagoons, 5 km NNE of Waddamana, 882 m, 1.12.1990, A.Moscal 20282 (HO). Cardamine papuana (Lauterb.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 271 (1919).

≡ Cardamine africana var. papuana Lauterb., in Schum. et Laut. Fl. D. Schutzberg. Süds. Nachtr.: 271 (1905). Ind. loc.: “Kaiser-Wilhelmsland: Torricelli-Gebirge, 900 m ü. M. (Schlechter n. 14429, bl. und fr. April 1902).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Tropical: 43. NWG-IJ, NWG-PN. endemic Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: New Guinea: near Wantipi village (on Bliri river), Aitape Subdistrict, Sepik District, Terr. of New Guinea, ca.650 ft, 25.7.1961, P.J.Darbyshire & R.D.Hoogland 8259 (BM). Cardamine parviflora L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1131 (1759). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: LT - (Jonsell 1982: 43): LINN 835.10. = Cardamine brachycarpa Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 83 (1879).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Insul. Nippon, prov. Etchigo, circa Niigata, secus vias humidas (R.P.Faurie).” Type:

= Cardamine fallax (O.E.Schulz) Nakai, Rep. Veg. Ooryongto: 19 (1919). ≡ Cardamine flexuosa subsp. fallax O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 478 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Japonia: ex Herb. Lugd. Batav. (H. B., H. C.), leg. Ph. Fr. De Siebold 1859-63 (H. P. Ac.), Schimosa ad Mama-mura 1894 sub nomine C. impatiens (H. N.), pr. Simodalegg. Perry (H. N.), C. Wright 1853-56 (H. C.), pr. Nagasaki leg. R. Oldham 1862 (H. B., H. C.), Jamakita leg. Faurie 1899 n. 3032 (H. B.); China: prov. Schen-si sept. ad Sce-kin-thuen leg. Gius. Giraldi 1897 (H. Biondi n. 3391 in H. B.), ad Lao-y-

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san leg. idem (H. Bi. N. 3374 in H. B.), Schen-si merid. pr. Ko-lu-pa leg. idem 1895 (H. Bi. N. 444 H. B.).” Type: ≡ Cardamine scutata Thunb. subsp. fallax (O.E.Schulz) H.Hara, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 59 (1952).

= Cardamine koshiensis Koidz., Flor. Symb. Orient.-Asiat.: 43 (1930). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Niigata, (Faurie no. 23.) (Hb. Mus. Paris.), China: Tsingtau (Kuetzel No. 1054. mai 1908, Hb. Berol.).” Type:

= Cardamine manshurica (Kom.) Nakai, Toysen-Syobubutu: 113 (1914). ≡ Cardamine parviflora var. manshurica Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersbursg Bot. Sada 22: 371 (1904) Ind. loc.: “In provincia Kirin ad ripas fl. Badao-chezsa fluv. Suifun influentis loco umbroso humido magna in copia crescentem inveni.”

Type: Cardamine parviflora var. parviflora Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia; Mulligan G.A. 1965 – U.S.A [Ontario]; Hsu Ch.-Ch.

1968 – Taiwan; Smith F.H. 1938 – U.S.A [Wisconsin]; Löve A. & Löve D. 1982 – Canada; Krahulcová A. 1990 – Czech Republic; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Novgorodskaya obl.])

Distribution: Europe: 10. FIN, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, NET?, POL, SWI?; 12. FRA-FR, POR, SPA-SP; 13. BUL, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-SE?; 14. BLR, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUE, RUN, RUS, RUW. Africa: 20. ALG, TUN; 25. KEN, TAN. Asia-Temperate: 30. BRY, IRK, KRA, WSB; 31. AMU, PRM; 32. KAZ; 33. NCS-SO, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. IRN; 36. CHI-NM, CHM-HJ, CHM-LN, CHN-HB, CHN-SA, CHN-SD, CHN-SX, CHS-AH, CHS-GX, CHS-JS, CHT, CHX; 37. MON; 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-NK, KOR-SK, TAI. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Finland: Satakunta, par. Birkala, in ripa fluminis prope Nokia, 30.6.1912, H.A.Printz (K); Sweden: In ripis Vestermo Sudermania, 28.6.1883, O.S.Blomberg (K); Czech republic: Lednice na Moravě, Janohrad, 1975, Weber (BRNM); Slovakia: Devínske jazero N, 1991, I.Hodálová (SAV); Austria: Marchegg NW, 1986, Gutermann (W-GU); Hungary: Hajdunanás, Veresnád, 1938, Igmándy (BP); Ukraine: Prov. Charkov, Ad margines paludum turfosarum prope Charkov, 12-30.5.1897, P.Naliwajko (MW); Romania: Comana, 1967, Toma (BM); France: Indre-et-Loire: Entre la Loire et la Ville-aux-Dames, caut. de Tours, 3.7.1850, J.Delaunay (K). Africa: Algeria: Alger, C. la Calle: aunaies maréca-geuses dulac Tonga, R.Many (P), Algeria: Alger, Moison Blanete, la Reghaca-Teuriér, 1879, M.Battandier (P); Algeria: Alger, C. la Calle, aunaies maréca-geuses du lac Tonga, D.Maurei (P); Algeria: Algeria, Bowie s.a., 1867, Hook (K). Asia-Temperate: Japan: Hyogo Pref., Ibo-gun, Shingu-cho, Aisakaguchi to Aisaka-tonge, 170 m, 26.4.1996, H.Kato 960034 (KYO) [as Cardamine fallax]; Japan: Mie Pref., near the mouth of Kushida River, Matsusezaki, Matsuzaka-shi, 0 m, 34°36Ń, 136°34É, 19.4.2001, H.Kudoh, S.Fujii & K.Shimizu 01-056 (TIM) [as Cardamine fallax]; Japan: Kanagawa Pref., open site along stream, Chisaki, Hanbara, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, ca 300 m, 5.5.2001, H.Kudoh & R.Shimamura 01-071 (TIM) [as Cardamine fallax]; Japan: Shiga Pref., lake Biwa, east Harie, Shinasahi-cho, Takashima-gun, 35°21Ń, 136°03É, 85 m, H.Kudoh & S.Fujii 01-108 (TIM) [as Cardamine fallax]; Korea: Seoul, 2.4.1894, A.Sontag (P) [as Cardamine fallax].

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Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britton) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 485 (1903). ≡ Cardamine arenicola Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 220 (1892).

Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: = Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 481 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “America bor. brit.: leg. Richardson n. 249 (H. D.), New Foundland, Canada pr. Kingston, ad lac. Huron, distr. Saskatschewan leg. E. Bourgeau 1858 (H. var.), pr. Fort Ellice, distr. Alberta – 1500 m, Brit. Columbia, Vancouver Isl. – United States: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia 700-1890 m, Florida leg. Chapman 1844 (H. Boiss.), Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Illinios, Kissouri, Louisiana, pr. New Orleans leg. T. Drummond 1832 (H. Boisss., H. D., H. V.), Wisconsin, Minnesota, Jowa, Nebraska, Colorado – 2000 m, Wyoming, Montana, Utah, California: Plumas Co., Amador Co. – 1600 m, Idaho, Oregon – 1280 m, Washington. – Haiti: pr. S. Domingo leg. Poiteau (H. D.).” Type:

Chromosome number: n=22-24 (Rollins R.C. 1966 – U.S.A [Alabama] as Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola

(Britton) Schulz) n=8 2n=16 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A as Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britton)

Schulz) 2n=16 (Löve Á. 1954 – without locality, as C. arenicola Britt.) Distribution: Northern America: 70. NWT; 71. BRC, MAN; 72. NSC, QUE; 73. ORE; 74. ILL, IOW, KAN, MIN, MSO, OKL, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, RHO, VER, WVA; 76. ARI; 77. TEX; 78. ALA, ARK, DEL, FLA, GEO, KTY, LOU, MRY, MSI, NCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Canada: Mackenzie district northwest territories, in pure sand near swimming beach at Sand Lake, 62°27´N, 114°22´W, 31.7.1949, J.Cody 3141 (PR). Cardamine patagonica Speg., Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 1897: 490 (1897).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in herbosis ad ripas fluminis Santa Cruz, Febr. 1882 (C.Speg.).” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pattersonii Hend., Rhodora 32: 25 (1930).

Ind. loc.: “on moist, mossy cliffs of Saddle Mt., Clatsop County, Oregon, at about 2800 feet elevation.”

Type: HT: 10.6.1928, Patterson R. no.22 (ORE). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine paucifolia Hand.-Maz., Symb. Sin. 7: 359 (1931).

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Ind. loc.: “Y.: In wtp. Wäldern zwischen Dawan und Gwanyilang bei Yungbei (Yungpeh), Sandstein, 2400-2600 m, 3.VII. 1914 (3432).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN; 38. JAP Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine paucijuga Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 295 (1854).

Ind. loc.: “Nova Hollandia. Drum. Coll. V. n. 131.” Type:

= Cardamine tenuifolia Hook., J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 247 (1834). Ind. loc.: “...from N. S. Wales, gathered near Bathurts and also near the Macquarrie River.”

Type: Mr. Lawrence, no. 237 ≡ Cardamine pratensis L. var. tenuifolia (Hook.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 1: 19 (1860). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta L. var. tenuifolia (Hook.) Rodway, Tasman. Fl.: 6 (1903).

= Cardamine finitima O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 537 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Australia: ad fl. Yarra leg. Ch. Walter 1898 (H. Z.); Tasmania leg. Hooker 1837 (H. V.), R.C.Gunn (H. B., H. C., H. V.), Schayer n. 108 (H. Vr.).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW, SOA, TAS, VIC, WAU. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pectinata Pall. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 264 (1821).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Persiâ Pallas (v. s. sp. in h. Lamb.).” Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): E Persia, Herb. Pallas (BM). ≡ Cardamine impatiens subsp. pectinata (Pall. ex DC.) Stoj. & Stef., Fl. Bălg., ed. 3: 503 (1948). ≡ Cardamine impatiens var. pectinata (Pall. ex DC.) Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 4 (1): 105 (1876).

= Cardamine impatiens var. eriocarpa DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 262 (1821). Ind. loc.: “in Iberiâ occidentali.” Type: HT: Imeretia, parte var. impatientes Iberiae, m.[isit] 1820, Steven (G-DC).

= Cardamine oxycarpa Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2, 17: 56 (1842). Ind. loc.: “N. 113, Alpes Laristan; 4119, Zarinkou.” Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): Aucher-Eloy-Herbier ďOrient, Mt. Zarinkou, no. 4119 (G). ≡ Cardamine pectinata var. trichocarpa N. Busch, Fl. Caucas. Crit. 3: 340 (1904-1910). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in umbrosis silvaticis et ad rivulos regionis subalpinae Caucasi occidentalis et Transcaucasiae occidentalis., Exsicc.: Aucher-Eloy, Herbier ďOrient, no 4119; B. Balansa, Plantes ďOrient (1866), no 1361.” Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): Mt. Zarinkou, Aucher-Eloy-Herbier ď Orient, no. 4119 (G).

= Cardamine lucorum Boiss. & Huet, Fl. Orient. I: 161 (1867). Ind. loc.: “Boiss. et A.Huet in pl. Arm. Exs. 1853.”

87

Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): Armenia in umbrosis supra Keuprubachu, inter Trapezuntem et Baibout, 5500-6000 p.s.m., Maio 1853, A.Huet du Pavillon, Plantae Orientales exsiccatae (G).

= Cardamine pectinata var. adzharica Albov, Prodr. Fl. Colchic. 19 (1895). Ind. loc.: “Adzharia, Yaïla Medzybna prope pagum Akria, 1500-2000 m (N. A. 1893, n. 80).” Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): Spusk' s' yaily Medzybny k' sel. Akria, 1500-2000 m, 10 jula 1893, N. Alboff, Plantes ďAdjarie no. 80 (G).

= Cardamine parviflora f. latifolia O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 484 (1903). Ind. loc.: “ad mare Caspium, pr. Lenkoran, leg. C. A. Meyer 1829 (H. Boiss, H. P. Ac.).”

Type: LT - (Kučera J, Lihová J. & Marhold K. in press): ad m. Caspium, 1829, C. A. Meyer, Enum Cauc. no. 1594 (G).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Ančev M. & Goranova V. 1999 – Bulgaria) Distribution: Europe: 13. BUL, GRC. Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS-DA, NCS-KC, NCS-KR, NCS-SO, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. IRN, TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Greece: In silvis (fagetum), supra Mon. Ag. Dimitrios, prope pagum Csaigesi Ossa Mt. (thess.), 26.7.1936, O.Grebenchikoff (K). Asia-Temperate: Russia: Caucasus, in mnemoribus pr. Vladivkavkaz, 16.5.1881, A.H. & V.F.Brotherus (P). Cardamine pedata Regel et Tiling, Nov. Mem. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. 11: 47 (1859). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in pratis et umbrosis pr. Ajan, TILING.” Type: HT: (LE) Chromosome number: 2n=30 (Yurtsev B.A. & Zhukova P.G. 1972 – Russia [Kolymskoe nagorje, Karamkenskij

pereval]; Zhukova P.G. 1966 – Russia [Kolymskoe nagorje, Karamkenskij per.]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. KHA, MAG (endemic). Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine penduliflora O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 538 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “California: pr. S.Francisco leg. W. Behr 1852 (H. V., H. Vr.); Oregon pr. Salem leg. Thom. J. Howell 1881 sub n. C. pratensis L. (H. B., H. N., H. P. Ac.), Willamette Valley leg. idem 1886 n. 568 (H. C.).”

Type: = Cardamine rariflora M.Peck, Torreya 32: 150 (1932). Ind. loc.: “in swampy woods near Grand Ronde, Yamhill County, May 15, 1927; Peck

14803.” Type: HT: Peck no.14803 (ORE). Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. ORE. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. Ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 486 (1800). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Pensylvania.” Type:

88

≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Graff, Castanea 10(4): 95 (1945). ≡ Cardamine flexuosa subsp. pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill. 3: 521 (1903), [Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 480 (1903)]. ≡ Dracamine pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 40 (1915).

= Cardamine multifolia Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 29: 238 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Idaho: Beaver Canon, P.A.Rydberg, 1895; Utah:Wastch Mts., 1869, S.Watson, So, in part.” Type: HT: (NY); IT: (NY).

Chromosome number: n=32 (Smith F.H. 1938 – U.S.A [Wisconsin]) 2n=32 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – without locality; Löve Á. et al. 1971 – U.S.A [Colorado]; Löve A.

& Löve D. 1982 - Canada) 2n=32, 64 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – U.S.A, Canada) Distribution: Northern America: 70. ASK, NUN, NWT, YUK; 71. BRC, MAN; 72. LAB, NBR, NFL-NE, NSC, PEI, QUE; 73. COL, IDA, MNT, ORE, WAS, WYO; 74. ILL, IOW, KAN, MIN, MSO, NDA, NEB, OKL, SDA, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, RHO, VER, WVA; 76. CAL, NEV, UTA; 77. TEX; 78. ALA, ARK, FLA, GEO, KTY, LOU, MRY, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: Canada: British Columbia: Ashnola River valley, 700 m, 49°09Ń, 120°01´W, 2.7.1977, T.C.Brayshaw & L.E.Pavlick 77-103 (BM); Canada: Northern Quebec, Lake Waconichi, 1280 ft, 31.8.1954, M.F.R.Jones 153 (BM); Canada: Newfoundland, Trout river, 30.8.1937, J.Rishbeth 235 (BM); Canada: moist scree on rock slide, 1 km west of Bridal Falls, about 95 km east of Vancouver, 1.5.1998, F.Lomer (UBC), Canada: wet runoff in low ground grassy field, 1 km west of Bridal Falls, about 95 km east of Vancouver, 1.5.1998, F.Lomer (UBC); USA: Vermont, at edge of spring on chiff, Wardsboro, Windham Co., 26.5.1937, E.T.Moldenke & H.N.Moldenke 9596 (BM); USA: New Hampshire, Plantae Exsiccatae Grayanae: Mossy syenitic ledges by Moosilauke Brook, North Woodstock, 1.7.1917, M.L.Fernald (BM); USA: New York, Moist woods, Glemont, Alabany Co., 11.5.1921, H.D.House 7771 (BM); USA: Oregon, Malheur Co., Juniper Springs, 1350 m, 15.6.1896, J.B.Leiberg 2278 (NY); USA: Idaho, Elmore Co., Dito Creek, ca. 0.5 miles upstream from Foothills Rd (Mud Springs Rd), base of Danskin Mts. SE of Mayfield, 3620 ft, 43°21Ń, 115°48´W, 2.6.1981, B.Ertter 4100 (NY); USA: Utah, Box Elder Co., 4 miles SE of Yost, Sawtooth N.F., Raft R. Mts., George Creek at S Fork jct., 7050 ft, 21.6.1982, S.Goodrich & D.Atwood 17026 (NY); USA: Nevada, Elko Co., Independence Mts., Gance Creek, 1.1 air miles W of the Saval Ranch, 6400 ft, 41°18Ń, 115°56´W, 17.7.1979, A.Tiehm 5354 (NY); USA: Nevada, Esmeralda Co., White Mts., Chiatowitch Creek, 2450 m, 7.6.1931, V.Duran 3068 (NY). Cardamine pentaphyllos (L.) Crantz, Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 127 (1769).

≡ Dentaria pentaphyllos L., Sp. Pl.: 654 (1753). Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Alpibus Helveticis, Allobrogicis, allisque.” Type: LT – (Hedge in Jarvis & al. 1993: 42): Dentaria heptaphyllos Bauh.....In Horto

Dei Galloprovinciae, herb. Burser no. XVIII (1): 80 (UPS). = Cardamine digitata (Lam.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 372-373 (1903). = Dentaria digitata Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 267 (1786). Ind. loc.:

89

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, GER, SWI; 12. FRA-FR, SPA-SP; 13. ITA-IT, YUG-CR, YUG-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Boso de Jarda, Mala de Valencia, Sorpe Lerida, 1550 m, 4.7.1987, P.Monts & L.Villar (JACA); Spain: Bosque de las Hayas, Megaforbios, Candanchu, Aisa, Huesca, 1650 m, 28.8.1987, L.Villar (JACA); Slovenia: Babizob Bled, ca 3000`, 27.5.1938, G.E.Martindale (K) [as Dentaria digitata]. Cardamine penzesii Ančev & Marhold, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 36: 171 (1999).

Ind. loc.: “Bulgaria, in inudatis fluvii Kamcsia prope Mare Pontico.” Type: HT: Bulgaria in inundatis fluvii Kamcsia prope Mare Pontico, 24.IV.1960, B. Pénzes s.n. (BP). ≡ Cardamine tuberosa Pénzes & Vida, in Pénzes Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 57: 174-175 (1965), nom. illeg.

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhold K. & Ančev M. in Flora of Turkey 2000 – Turkey) Distribution: Europe: 13. BUL, TUE. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Turkey: In palidibus circa Constantinopolem, ad stationem Bijuk-Han, 29.4.1913, B.Davidoff (SO, SOM). Cardamine petiolulata Phil. Ex O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 520 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Chile in Cordill. de Santiago sub n. C. petiolulata Philippi (H. Ch.), ad Puento del Juca leg. Spegazzini 1901 n. 821 (H. Speg.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CLC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine picta Hook., J. Bot. (London) 6: 292 (1847). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Sides of rivulets, Paramo of Ruiz, New Granada.” Type: HT: 3.1846, W. Purdie (K); IT: (K). Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. CLM, ECU. Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Colombia: Antiquia, Termales, 3600 m, 2.1852, Triana 2879 (COL); Colombia: Caldas, Cordillera Central, carretera entre la finca Buenos Aires y la Laguna del Otún, páramo, 4040 m, 8.10.1978, O.Rangel et al. 1742 (COL); Colombia: Risalda, Paramo del Quindío, „along stream“, 3700-4200 m, 15-20.8.1922, F.Pennel & T.Hazen 9978 (G-n.v., GH). Cardamine plumieri Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphine: 38 (1779). Ind. loc.: “[Dauphiné].” Type: Chromosome number:

90

2n=16 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality) Distribution: Europe: 11. SWI; 12. COR, FRA-FR; 13. ALB, GRC, ITA-IT. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: France: Lac Robert, pres de Chanrouse (Isére): rochesun peu humides, alt 2200 m, 12.8.1880, Arvet-T., Chaboiseau & Faure (K); Italy: Mont Viso, 8.1860, A.Maillard (K); Corsica: Sommet du Pigno, á Bastia, 6-30.5., Mabille (K). Cardamine porphyrophylla Ekman ex Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 21: 62 (1925).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Cuba prov. Santa Clara in montibus Siguanéa-Trinidad in valli Hanabanilla circa Finca Playitas in saxis rivuli, m. Febr. fl. et fr.: Ekman no. 18502.”

Type: IT - E.L.Ekman no.18502 (NY). Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 81. CUB. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine pratensis L., Sp. Pl.: 656 (1753). Ind. loc.: “In Europae pascuis aquosis.” Type: LT - (Khatri 1989: 92): LINN, no.835.15.

≡ Dracamine pratensis (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 40 (1915). = Cardamine ullepiciana Borbás, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 375 (1889). Ind. loc.: “In Pienninis.” Type: ≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. ullepiciana (Borbás) Jáv. ex Soó, Nomencl.

Borbasianus: 21 (1931). = Cardamine nemorosa Lej., Fl. Spa 2: 62 (1813). Ind. loc.: “Se truove dans les bois du côté de Malmedy, ďEnsival et dans la Belgique,

du côté de Marchienne-au Pont, oú je ľai observeé, il y a plus de dix ans.” Type: = Cardamine udicola Jord., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 7: 498 (1861). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in pratis subhumidis agri lugdunensis; Chessy (Rhône) ex

D.H.Navier.” Type: = Cardamine pratensis subsp. major Tomšovic, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 21: 429 (1986). Ind. loc.: “Distr. Uherské Hradiště, in silva Singulární les, ad oppidum Uherský

Ostroh.” Type: HT: Distr. Uherské Hradiště, in silva Singulární les, ad oppidum Uherský

Ostroh, 27.4.1935, Podpěra & Kunovský (PR no. P4T 4486). = Cardamine pratensis subsp. picra De Langhe & R.D´hose, Gorteria 8: 48 (1976). Ind. loc.: “[Belgique, Flandre Orientale] Sint-Maria-Liedre.” Type: Cardamine pratensis subsp. pratensis Chromosome number: n=16 (Rohweder H. 1937 – Germany) 2n=16 (Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974a – Germany, Switzerland, France, as

C. nemorosa Lej.; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974b – France, as C. nemorosa Lej.; Lövkvist B. 1950 – Portugal, Austria; Lippert W. & Heubl G.R. 1988 – Germany, as C. nemorosa Lej.; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974 –

91

Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland; Marhold K. 1996 – Ukraine; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Portugal; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974a – France; Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974 – Switzerland, as Cardamine udicola Jord.; Dersch G. 1969 – Germany)

2n=16, 20, 30 (Landolt E.& Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K.1971 – Switzerland, as C. nemorosa Lej.)

2n=16, 24 (Queirós M. 1973 – Portugal) 2n=16, 28, 30, 32, 48 (Vyvey R., Stieperaere H. 1984 – Belgium) 2n=16, 32 (Marhold K. 2000 – Austria) 2n=16, 30 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Switzerland) 2n=16, 30, 32 (Vyvey R., Stieperaere H. 1984 – France) 2n=16, 30, 38 (Marhold K. 1994 – Ukraine) 2n=16, 30, 32, 40, 40-50 (Landolt E. & Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. 1971 – Switzerland) 2n=16, 30, 40 (Guinochet M.M. 1946 - France) 2n=16, 44 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Austria) 2n=20 (Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K. & Landolt E. 1974a – Switzerland, France, as C.

nemorosa Lej.) 2n=24 (Bush N.A. 1939 – Russia) 2n=ca.24 (Iľinskij A.P. 1926 – Russia) 2n=28 (Berg C.C., Segal S. 1966 – Netherlands; Lippert W. & Heubl G.R. 1988 – Germany,

as Cardamine udicola Jord.) 2n=28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 45, 46, 52, 54, 56 (Berg C.C. 1967 – Netherlands) 2n=28, 32 (Lippert W. & Heubl G.R. 1988 – Germany) 2n=30 (Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Leningradskaya obl.]; Lövkvist B. 1950 – Pyreneje,

Norway; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Norway; Lövkvist B. 1957 – Sweden; Hussein F. 1949 – Great Britain; Lövkvist B. 1958 – Sweden; Rollins R.C. 1993 – U.S.A; Měsíček J. & Javůrková – Jarolímová V. 1992 – Czech Republic; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Italy; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Leningradskaya, Kalininskaya obl.]; Lövkvist B. 1957 - Sweden, France; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Germany; Tomšovic P. 1986 – Czech Republic, as Cardamine pratensis subsp. major Tomšovic; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Ireland)

2n=30-32 (Hrušovská-Osuská Ľ. 1988 – Slovakia) 2n=30, 32, 44, 50 (Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland) 2n=30, 32, 38, 44, 50 (Banach E. 1950 – Poland) 2n=30, 38, 44 (Marhold K. 1994 – Slovakia, Poland) 2n=30, 38 (Marhold K. 1996 – Slovakia, Ukraine) 2n=30, 38, 52, 55, 56 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Sweden) 2n=30, 38, 56 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Great Britain) 2n=30, 44 (Bernard A. 1974 – France) 2n=30, 44 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – France) 2n=30, 48, 55, 56 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – Denmark) 2n=30, 56 (Hussein F. 1948 – Great Britain) 2n=30, 56 (Lövkvist B. 1947 – Sweden) 2n=ca.30, ca.30-32, ca.44, 32, ca.44-48, 48, ca.48 (Marhold K. 1984 – Slovakia) 2n=32 (Gadella Th. W.J. et al. 1970 – Austria) 2n=ca.32 (Manton I. 1932 – U.S.A) 2n=32, 64 (Löve A., Löve D. 1944 – Sweden) 2n=42-48 (Lövkvist B. 1950 – France) 2n=44 (Marhold K. 1994 – Czech Republic; Marhold K. 1996 – Czech Republic, Slovakia,

Poland)

92

2n=48 (Krogulevich R.E. 1978 – Russia [Vostokhnij Sayan - r. Sagan-Shuluta]; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Finland)

2n=ca.48 (Krogulevich R.E. 1976 – Russia [Sibír, Putorana]) 2n=56 (Jörgensen C.A., Sörensen Th., Westergaard M. 1958 – Greenland; Lövkvist B. &

Hulgard U.-M. 1999 – Denmark, as Cardamine pratensis subsp. paludosa; Hussein F. 1955 – Great Britain, as Cardamine pratensis; Sokolovskaya A. P. 1965 – Russia [Dalny Vostok, Sachalin, Kamchatka], as Cardamine pratensis; Howard H.W. 1948 – U.S.A, as Cardamine pratensis; Lövkvist B. 1956 – Great Britain)

2n=56 n=28 (Dale A. & Elkington T.T. 1974 – Great Britain) Distribution: Europe: 10. DEN, FIN, GRB, NOR, SWE; 11. AUT-AU, BGM-BE, BGM-LU, CZE-CZ, CZE—SK, GER, HUN, NET, POL, SWI; 12. FRA-FR, POR, SPA-SP; 13. ALB, BUL, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-BH, YUG-MA, YUG-SE, YUG-SL; 14. BLR, BLT-ES, BLT-KA, BLT-LA, BLT-LI, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUW. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, BRY, CTA, IRK, KRA, TVA, WSB, YAK; 31. AMU, KAM, KHA, KUR, MAG, PRM, SAK; 32. KAZ; 36. CHI-NM, CHM-HJ, CHT, CHX; 37. MON; 38. JAP-HK, KOR-NK. Australasia: 51. NZN, NZS (naturalised). Northern America: 70. ASK, GNL, NUN, NWT, YUK; 71. BRC; 72. NBR, NFL-NE, NSC, QUE; 74. ILL, MIN, WIS; 75. CNT, INI, MAI, MAS, MIC, NWH, NWJ, NWY, OHI, PEN, RHO, VER, WVA; 78. MRY, VRG, WDC. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Villareal de Alava, Elosu, 1985, Alejandre (MA); Spain: Cordillera Cantabrica, N of Puerto del Escudo, 1980, Miles, Phillipson, Sinnreich & Williams (RNG); Spain: Prov. Tervel, Brouchales, Sierra Alta, 8.6.1962, E.Kjellquist & Á.Löve 511 (RNG); Spain: Huesca, San Juan de Plan, San Mamés-Fene Mayor, 1550 m, 20.6.1981, P.Montserrat et al. (JACA); France: Pyrénées, 1 km east les Eaux Bonnes, 675 m, 26.5.1998, N.A.Rowland, A.P.Davis, R.Hyam et al. (RNG); Denmark: Aarslev, W of Aarhus, 20.5.1966, K.Larsen & P.Pedersen (GZU); Poland: Polonia meriodionalis, regio Subcarpatica (districtus Cracoviensis), ad pagum Mogilany, 6.6.1960, D.Tumidajowicz & I.Winiarska (FI); Austria: Kärnten, bei Seeboden am Westufer des Millstätter Sees, 4.1968, S.Wagner (KL) [as Cardamine udicola]; Austria: Kalkalpen, Niederösterreich, Tal des Faltbacheg S Neuhaus am Zellerain, 988-1000 m, 21.6.1981, G.Straka (GZU); Hungary: Comit. Zala, in pratis humidis ad gontem Hidegkut ad Hidegkutmajor (Tátikahidegkut) prope Zalaszántó, ca. 200 m, 30.5.1954, A.Boros (BP); Hungary: Comit. Bereg, in silva paludosa ad marginem sphagneti „Nyíres-tó“ pr. pag. Beregdaroc, 4.6.1993, L.Felföldy (BP); Slovenija: Trnovski gozd, Mala Lazna, 1100 m, 4.6.1969, A.Martinčič (LIU); Bulgaria: In subalpinis ad rivum Demjanitsa, m. Pirin, 16.7.1929, N.Stojanoff, B.Stefanoff & T.Georgieff (SO, SOM). Asia-Temperate: Japan: Hokkaido, Koitoi-moor, Shoro, Shiranuka-cho, Shiranuka-gun, 5 m, 14.6.1981, T.Takita 235 (KYO). Northern America: Canada: Public Park, 8 Ave + McBride Blvd., New Westminster, B. C., 8 km east of Vancouver, B.C., 16.5.1998, F.Lomer (UBC); Canada: grassy mud bank of Fraser River Douglas Island, 16 km east of Vancouver, 49°13´20´Ń, 123°47´0´É, 1.5.1998, F.Lomer (UBC); Canada: Quebec, Port Burwell, Hudson Strait, 60°22Ń, 64°50´W, 25-28.7.1928, M.O.Malte (PR). Cardamine pratensis subsp. atlantica (Emb. et Maire) Greuter et Birdet, Willdenovia 13: 86 (1983).

≡ Cardamine pratensis var. atlantica Emb. et Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 334 (1937). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In pascuis madidis Atlantis Majoris orientalis infra Tizi-n-Inouzan, solo granitico, ad alt. C. 2600-2650 m.” Type: uknown.

Chromosome number: 2n=?

93

Distribution: Africa: 20. ALG, MOR. Representative herbarium specimens: Africa: Algeria: Alger, in pratis madidis Atlantis Majoris orient. infra Tizi-n-Inou solo granitico, 19.6.1936, J.A.Battandier (P); Algeria: Alger, Atlas Major, in scaturiginosis ad occidentem jugi Tizi-n-Inou-zan, 2600-2650 m, 28.6.1939, M.Weiller 775 (P). Cardamine prorepens Fisch. ex DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 256 (1821).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Sibiria Transbaicalensi (St.), ad Ingodem fluvium circa Doroninsk (Vlassof ex Fisch.).”

Type: HT: e Dahuria, 1822, Fischer (G-DC). ≡ Cardamine pratensis L. var. prorepens (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 18: 5 (1873).

= Cardamine borealis Andrz. ex DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 256 (1821). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Cardamine pilosa Willd., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 256 (1821). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Cardamine pubescens Stev., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 256 (1821). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Cardamine prorepens Fisch. ex DC. subsp. roseiflora (Vorosch.) Vorosch., in A.K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raĭonakh SSSR: 172 (1985). ≡ Cardamine yezoensis Maxim. var. roseiflora Vorosch., Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 83: 35 (1972). Ind. loc.: “insula Sachalin, peninsula Schmidtii, ad declive australe monticuli (121 m s. m.) prope ostium fl. Longri Major.”

Type: HT: 11.8.1968, T.I.Neczaeva (MHA).

Chromosome number: 2n=18-20 (Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1988 – Russia [Amurskaya obl. -

Dzheltulaskij r-n, pravij bereg r. Tindi v 2 km ot pos. Tyndijskij]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 30. BRY, CTA, YAK; 31. AMU, KHA, PRM, 36. CH (CHM-HJ, CHM-JL, CHI-NM), 37. MON; 38. KOR Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Russia: Plantae Amuricae et Zeaënsae, Zejskaja Pristaň, am Zeaflusse, an Gebirgsbächen, 6.1899, F.Karo (PR). Cardamine pulchella (Hook.f. et Thomson) Al.-Shehbaz, Harvard. Pap. Bot. 3(1): 77

(1998). ≡ Loxostemon pulchellus Hook.f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 147 (1861). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Himalaya orientali temperata; Sikkim graminosis humidis! alt. 10000-13000 ped., J.D.H. (fl.Jun.) (v.v.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHT, CHQ. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Cardamine pulchra Linden & Planch., Pl. Columb. 1: 12 (1863).

Ind. loc.: “Venezuela, prov. De Merida, Culata, alt. 2900 mètres, avril 1847.” Type: Funck & Schlim no. 1542

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine punicea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Naturalistes Moscou 27: 295 (1854). Ind. loc.: “Venezuela, prov. Merida, loco Culete dicto, alt. 10000 ped.” Type: Funck & Schlim no. 1542 Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 82. VEN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine purpurea Cham. et Schltdl., Linnaea 1: 20 (1826). Ind. loc.: “In Insula St. Laurentii anno 1816.” Type: HT: W Alaska: St. Laurence Isl., 1816, Eschscholtz (LE); IT: (B). = Cardamine purpurea var. albiflora Hultén, Fl. Alaska: 517 (1968).

Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: ≡ Cardamine purpurea f. albiflora (Hultén) Cody, Canad. Field-Naturalist 108(1): 93 (1994).

Chromosome number: 2n=ca. 80, 96 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – Canada [Yukon, Alaska]) 2n=96 (Petrovsky V.V. & Zhukova P.G. 1981, 1983 – Russia [Vrangel]; Zhukova P.G. &

Petrovsky V.V. 1972 – Russia [Vrangel] ) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. MAG. Northern America: 70. YUK, ASK. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine purpurascens (O.E.Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, T.Y.Cheo, L.L.Lou & G.Yang,

Novon 10: 324 (2000). ≡ Cardamine microzyga O.E.Schulz var. purpurascens O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 225 (1931). Ind. loc.: “China: SW Sichuan: Kulu mountains, E of Muli Gomba, 4300 m, June 1928, J.F.Rock 16487 (lectotype here designated, B, isolectotypes E, MO, US).”

Type: ≡ Loxostemon purpurascens (O.E.Schulz) R.C.Fang ex Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(3): 54 (1981).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine quinquefolia (M.Bieb.) Schmalh., Flor. Ross. Med. et Austr. 1: 51 (1895).

≡ Dentaria quinquefolia M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 3: 109 (1808).

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Ind. loc.: “Habitat in Tauriae et Caucasi syluis sub arboribus.” Type: LT - (Marhold 2001: 45): Ex Tauria et Caucaso [F. A. Marschall von Bieberstein] (LE).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 13. BUL, ROM, TUE; 14. BLR, KRY, UKR-MO, UKR-UK, RUC, RUS. Asia-Temperate: 34. IRN, TUR; 33. NCS, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AR, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Poland: Urania: Plisków, distr. Lipowiec, 8.5.1902, F.Bloński (K); Ukraine: Regio sylvatico-stepposa cisborystemica: Kioviae, loco Holossijeve dicto, 21.4.1935, A. Lypc (K); Moldovia: distr. Fălciu, prope pagum Dobrina, ca. 350 m, 30.4.1923, G.P.Grinţescu (K); Russia: Crimea: Distr. Alushta: between Alushta & Roman Kosh, above Centalnaja kotlovina, alt. 900 m, 4.6.1959, Davis 33462 (K). Cardamine ramosa Rollins, Crucifer. Continental N. Amer.: 295 (1993).

Ind. loc.: “rocky, very moist, open hillsides, common in local areas, 3 miles east of Xilitla, elev. ca 3000 feet, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.” Type: HT: R.L.Mc-Gregor, L.J.Harms, A.J.Robinson, 18.7.1963, R. del Rosario & R.Segal no.903 (GH).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 79. MXC-DF, MXC-PU, MXE-HI, MXE-NL, MXE-SL, MXG-VC, MXT-CI. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine raphanifolia Pourr., Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 310 (1788). Ind. loc.: “Dans les Pyrénées, á Salvanaire.” Type: LT – (Perný et al. 2005: 87): Hab. à Salvanaire, s.a., Pourret (P). = Cardamine latifolia Vahl., Symb. Bot. 2: 77 (1791). Ind. loc.: “Legni in Hispania.” Type: LT – (Perný et al. 2005: 87): herbarium Vahl. (cf. IDC microfiche 7III, 1-2) (C). = Sisymbrium pyrenaicum L. in Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 61 (descr.), 304 (binom.) (1758). Ind. loc.: “Pyrenees [„Pyrenaeiskt Herbarium“].” Type: LT - (Perný et al. 2005: 87): „NASTURTIUM Pyrenaicum aquaticum“,

Hermann, Paradisus Batavus: 203 (1698). ≡ Cardamine pyrenaica (L.) Rothm., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: 276

(1940), nom. ileg. Chromosome number: 2n=44,46 (Lövkvist B. 1956 – without locality); 2n=48, 64 (Perný M., Tribsch A., Stuessy T.F. & Marhold K. 2005 - Spain, Andora, France) Distribution: Europe: 10. GRB (naturalised); 12. FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: (Allien plants) S.Devon, Southerton, near Newton Popple ford, 15.5.1955, W.B.Turill (K); Great Britain: by the eastern shore of Grasmere Lake, Westmorland (Cumbria), well naturalized, 6.1980, G.Halliday 258180 (C), Spain: Accesos al tunel de Viella, 1500 m, 27.5.1973, Valdés (MA); Spain: Sallent de Gállego (Espagne, prov. Huesca), entre Formigal et la Portalet, Corral de la Mulas, 1620 m, 19.6.1986, L.Villar & A.Lanaspa (C), Spain: Burgos, Espinosa de los Monteros, 1070 m, 26.4.1994, P.Montserrat et al. (JACA); Spain: prov. Gipuzkoa, Hondarribia, Guztiz Ederra, 50 m, 8.5.1986, I.Azpura &

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P.Catalán (RNG); Andorra: La Cortinada, 1400 m, 16.6.1973, Jallu 8958 (C, PR); Andorra: Ordino, 1350 m, 15.7.1962, J.A.Perry 70 (BM); France: Gédre (Hautes-Pyrénées), 6.1869, Bordére (K); France: Pyrenées – Atlantiques, Cambo-les-Bains, 2 km WNW of Ainhoa, 9.4.1980, P.F.Cannon 635 (BM); France: Bach im Wald, Silikat Ariége Pyréneés, Forêt du Carcanet, ander Strasse Quillan-Mont Luis, ca. 1400 m, 29.6.1963, C.Simon (BRNM); France: Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Cambo-les-Bains, 2 km WNW of Ainhoa, 9.4.1980, P.F.Cannon 635 (RNG); France: Haute Vallée de ľAude, versant Nord Col de la Quillanne, ca. 1600 m, 3.6.1974, Landolt & Urbanska 895 (ZT). Cardamine repens (Franch.) Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 204 (1909).

≡ Dentaria repens Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 5 (1885). Ind. loc.: “In faucibus Han-tchang-kiou, secus viam e Tali ad Ho-kin ducentem; 27 maj. 1884; n° 65.”

Type: ≡ Loxostemon repens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 362 (1931). ≡ Cardamine tenuifolia (Ledeb.) Turcz. var. repens (Franch.) Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 358 (1886).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine resedifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 656 (1753). Ind. loc.: “In alpibus Helveticis Pyrenaeis.”

Type: LT - (Marhold 1996b: 125): iconotypus - Bauhin Prodromus theatri botanici p. 45, 1620, ET: Pyrenäen orient.: Porté-Puymorens – Vallée de lanous, E und W Col de Lanoux, c. 2400 m, im Silikatschutt, 4.8 – 17.8.1974, A. Polatschek (W)

≡ Cardamine heterophylla Host, Syn. Pl. Austr.: 366 (1797), nom. illeg. = Cardamine gelida Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 5: 145 (1855). Ind. loc.: “Cacumina alpium in confinio Tyrolis occidentalis (Orteles) (a Celeb.

Boissierio missa).” Type: = Cardamine resedifolia var. dacica Heuff., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 53 (1858).

Ind. loc.: “In alpe Skarisora Banatus; in alpis Retezat in Cottu Hunyad Transsilvaniae.” Type: LT: - (NT) (Marhold 1995: 418): In glareosis et rupestribus Skarisora, Banatus, s. a., Heuffel (BP no. 199448).

Chromosome number: n=8 (Tischler G. 1950 – without locality) 2n=16 (Gadella Th.W.J. & Kliphuis E. 1970 – France; Gadella Th.W.J. & Kliphuis E. 1972 –

Serbia and Montenegro; Polatschek A. 1983 – France; Krahulcová A. 1988 – Czech Republic; Manton I. 1932 – without locality)

Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ, GER, POL, SWI; 12. COR, FRA-FR, SPA-AN, SPA-SP; 13. BUL, ITA-IT, ROM, YUG-SL. Africa: 20. MOR. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Spain: Huesca, Tramacastilla de Tena, 1950-2000 m, 17.7.1980, L.Villar (JACA); Spain: Granada, Sierra Nevada, Collado al oeste del Veleta, 3200 m, 17.7.1986, J.M. & Montserrat (JACA); Spain: In glareosis regionis nivalis in Nevado rarissime, loco el Corral de Veleta, 9000 ft, 4.8.1845, H.M.Willkommii (K); France: Dept. Ardéche, Htes Cévennes, S of

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Mt. Mézenc, Rochers de Cuzet, on damp rocks, 28.7.1950, N.Y.Sandwith (K); Corsica: Monte Renoso, Pozzi, 29.6.1917, C.I.Forsyth-Major (K); Italy: Lombardia, dit. Bresciana, ad Corno di Bagolino, 7000 ft, 11.8.1873, Huter de Porta (K); Austria: Tyrol: Oetztal, stony slopes near the middle station of the Gaislacher cable car, Sölden, ca. 2175 m, 4.7.1991, C.C.Tousend (K); Switzerland: Graubünden, between Jkobshorn and Brämabüel, above Davos, ca. 2550 m, 18.8.1984, C.C.Townsend (K); Slovenija: Komen, severne skale, 1650 m, 10.7.1965, D.Druškovič (LIU); Bulgaria: Mt. Pirin, in cacumine Belemetovo, 5.7.1921, Stojanov & Steffanov (K); Romania: Carpati, Mt. Fogarasului, in montibus versus meridionem supra vallem D. Sambatei, haud procul Vistea de Sus, 1200-2000 m, 30.6.1970, J.Soják (PR). Cardamine rhizomata Rollins, J. Arnold Arbor. 21(3): 392 (1940).

Ind.loc.: “Ecuador: nudo de Boliche Voladero, Carchi, June 10, 1939.” Original material: Penland & Summers no. 870 (GH).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 83. ECU. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine rivularis Schur, Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4:

61, 63 (1853). Ind. loc.: “Arpáser Alpen“ (Schur 1852:84).”

Type: LT – (Marhold & Rayner 1994): Arpasser Alpen an Gebirgsbächen, 27.7.1850, Schur (W).

≡ Cardamine pratensis subsp. rivularis (Schur) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 36 (1878). = Cardamine pratensis var. alpicola Andrae, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 11: 414 (1853). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: = Cardamine pratensis var. subalpina Heuff., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 53 (1858). Ind. loc.: “In uligine ad crucem alpe Szarko.” Type: = Cardamine ametystea Pančić, Nova Elem. Fl. Bulg.: 15 (1886).

Ind. loc.: “In pascuis excelsioribus m. Rilo non procul a via qua itur ad urbe Samokov ad coenobium Rilo, paulo infra limitem, quo aquae rivum Rilo petentes ab aliis Iskrae tributariis dirimuntur.” Type: LT: - (Marhold 1994: 364): In herbidis excelsioribus m. Rilo, 7.1883, Pančić (G-BOIS).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Kuzmanov B.A. & Kozuharov S.I. 1969 – Bulgaria; Ančev M., Marhold K. &

Goranova M. 1997 - Bulgaria) 2n=16, 24 (Marhold K. 1994 – Romania) Distribution: Europe: 11. AUT-AU, SWI; 13. BUL, ITA-IT, ROM; 14. UKR-UK. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bulgaria: Bulgaria occidentalis, Vitoša planina, in rivularibus sub cacumine montis Černij vrch, ca. 2000 m, 27.7.1923, F.A.Novák (PRC); Bulgaria: In monte Pirin, 1915, Iv.R.Urumov (BP); Romania: Comit. Fagaras, in glareosis vallis Bulea, supra pag. Felsö-Arpás, ca.1400 m, 8.7.1935, Z.Kárpáti (BP); Romania: In montibus Bucegi (Bucsecs), in lapidosis calc., ad fautem, supra valem Jepilor, ca. 2100 m, 3.9.1955, T.Pécs (BP).

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Cardamine robusta I. Thomps., Muelleria 9: 151 (1996). Ind. loc.: “New South Wales, Club Lake, Kosciusko area 36°25´S, 148°16´E.” Type: HT: 10.1.1960, B.G.Briggs (NSW). Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50. NSW. Representative herbarium specimens: Australasia: Australia: Club Lake (Mt. Kosciusko), 6200ft, 20.1.1951, L.A.S.Johnson (NSW); Australia: Lake Cootapatamba (Mt. Kosciusko), 7.1.1956, M.E.Phillips (NSW); Australia: Blue Lake, west bank (MT. Kosciusko), 21.3.1971, C.Totterdell (NSW); Australia: 150 m downstream along Lady Northcote’s Creek from Lake Albina, Kosciusko National Park, 6.2.1993, F.A.Zich 219 (NSW, MEL); Australia: Blue Lake, Southern Tablelands, 31.1.1972, I.R.Telford 3058 (CBG). Cardamine rockii O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 87(9): 473 (1926).

Ind. loc.: “China: Southwestern Szechuan, Muli or Mili Kingdom, 3300-4650 m s. m. (J.F.Rock Juni 1922 n. 5585).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine rostrata Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 6: 115 (1854).

Ind. loc.: Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine rotundifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30 (1803). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in rivulis altissimorum montium Carolinae.”

Type: ≡ Dentaria rotundifolia (Michx.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 124 (1896).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 78. DEL, MRY. Representative herbarium specimens: Northern America: USA: northeastern Maryland, Cecil Co., in spring-brook in loamy woods along Octoraro Creek, below Porters Bridge, 2.5.1925, Bayard (PR). Cardamine rupestris (O.E. Schulz) K. Malý in Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine

Sarajevu. Prir. Nauke 23: 588. 1911 ≡ C. maritima prol. rupestris O.E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 580. 1903

Ind. loc.: “Ins. Lussin [Lošinj Island] in M. Ossero [Mt. Osoršcica] legg. Tommasini (H.Boiss., H.C., H.V.) [G, GH, W!], Raimann 1887 (H.V.) [W!], A. Haračić 1895 (H.Behr.) [B!]; Hercegovina pr. Mostar in m. Stolac 200 m legg. H. Raap 1895, F. Fiala 1896 (H.V.U.) [WU!], C. Baenitz 1897 (H.P.Ac., H.V., H.Vr., H.Z.) [LE!, W!, WRSL, Z!], 1898 (H.Z.) [Z!]”

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Type: LT (Kučera et al. 2010): [label 1]: C. thalictroides All., Flora Bosniaca, Stolac, Hercegovina, in Felsritzen, IV.1896, F. Fiala s.n.; [label 2] Cardamine maritima Portenschlg. prol rupestris O.E. Schulz, O.E. Schulz! [written by O.E. Schulz], Fritsch! [written by K. Fritsch] (WU!).

Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Kučera et al., 2010) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MN. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Mostar: Bosniaca, Mostar, Stolac, V.1910, E. Sagorski (SOM); Hercegovina: Mostar, in saxosis calc. m. Stolac, 400 m, 31.V.1910, E. Sagorski (Z); Flora Hercegovinae, Mostar, zwischen Felsgeröll am Stolacfelsen, 250 m, 28.V.1898, C. Baenitz (SO, WU, Z); Hercegovina: Mostar zwischen Felsgeröll am Stolacfelsen, 250 m, 3.VI.1897, C. Baenitz (CL, PRC, W, Z, B, SARA); Hercegovina: Mostar, 3.VI.1897, C. Baenitz (Z); Mostar, in declivibus lapidosis montis Stolac, 200 m, 8.V.1895, E. Halácsy (PRC, SARA); Flora Hercegovinae: Mostar, zwischen Felsgeröll am Stolackfelsen, 200 m, 8.V.1895, E. Halácsy (WU); Plantae Hercegovinae exsiccatae, Mostar, im Geröll unterhalb des Stolac felsen, 200 m, 8.V.1895, E. Halácsy (WU, K, Z); Hercegovina, in collibus siccis prope oppidium Mostar, VII.1933, P. Sillinger & M. Deyl (PR); Hercegovina, Mostar, V.1887, Vidovci (PRC); In rupestris ad Mostar, Podvelež, 6.VI.1866, J. Bornmüller (PRC); Stolac, in Felsnitzen bei Stolac, 6.V.1892, F. Fiala (PRC); Flora Bosniaca, Stolac, Hercegovina, in Felsritzen, IV.1892, F. Fiala (PRC, SARA); Flora Bosniaca, Stolac, Hercegovina, in Felsritzen, IV.1896, F. Fiala (WU); Flora Hercegovinae, in Felsritzen am Wege von Stolac zum Poprat Gorni, IV.1892, F. Fiala (SARA); Felsritzen bei Poprat, IV.1896, F. Fiala (SARA); Flora der Hercegovina, Felsen bei Hum, 29.IV.1908, J.V. Sterneck (PRC); Hercegovina: am Stolac felsen bei Mostar,16.V.1906, E. Janchen (WU); Hum, Mostar, 18.V.1911, J. Schneider (W); in saxosis apricis prope Hum, ca. 270 m, 28.V.1905, K. Malý (SARA); Flora Hercegovinae, Karstheide nächst mont. Hum, 280 m, 25.V.1906, K. Malý (SARA); Flora Hercegovinae, Veliki Velež bei Mostar, ca. 1700 m, 30.V.1892, O. Boiser (SARA); bei Neum (Klek), 20.V.1899, O. Boiser (SARA); Nevesinje: Hercegovina, nahe W Nevesinje offener kalkschutthang, 10–24.VI.1978, A. Polatschek (W); Ljubinje: Flora Hercegovinae, bezirk Ljubinje, Bukovi dol, 10.VI.1918, O. Boiser (SARA). Croatia: Dubrovnik: Lappad bei Raguza [Dubrovnik], V.1860, Jaborneg (B, WU); Dalmatien: Halbinsel Lapad bei Ragusa (Dubrovnik), Macchie, 23.III.1926, H. Zerny (W); Insel Lokrum vor Dubrovnik in Adriatischen Meer, 15.VII.1967, H. & E. Walter (B); Dalmatia: Lokrum (Lacroma), 14.IV.1935, A.K. Jackson & W.B. Turrill (K); Dalmatien: Insel Lacroma [Lokrum], 20.V.1905, E. Kindt (WU); Insel Lacroma [Lokrum], 19.IV.1895, A. Ginzberger (WU), Lokrum, ispod tvrdave, 12.IV.1978, M. Hečimović (ZA); Lacroma [Lokrum], bei Raguza [Dubrovnik], 19.IV.1895, A. Ginzberger (WU); Lacroma [Lokrum], IV.1871, K. Grimus (W); Dalmatien: Ragusa [Dubrovnik], S. Baggio, 3.IV.1926, K. Ronniger (W). Montenegro: Hercegnovi: bei Hercegnovi, V.1931, L. Thiersch-Patyki (B); Vrbanje (Orjen), Ostryo-Carpinion, krečnjak, kamenjar, 24.V.1990, S. Vukojičić (BEOU); Kotor: Boka Kotorska, Luštica, Bjelila obod makije krečnjak, 20 m, 2.V.2002, D. Lakušić & al. 15198 (BEOU); Boka Kotorska, Luštica, Bjelila obod makije krečnjak, 20 m, 2.V.2002, D. Lakušić 15212 (BEOU); Boka Kotorska, Luštica, Stari Krašići, kamenjari, krečnjak, 3.V.2002, D. Lakušić 15230 (BEOU); Krašiči, 3.IV.1974, s. coll. (BEOU); Bar: Montenegro, Rumija mt., Prevoj Taraboš, V.2004, D. Lakušić (BEOU). Cardamine rupicola (O.E.Schulz) C.L.Hitchc., Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(2): 474 (1964).

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≡ Cardamine californica Nutt. var. rupicola O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32:388 (1903) Ind. loc.: “Montana: Rocky Mountains in caucamine m. Donalďs Peak leg. Wm. M. Canby 19. 7. 1883 (H. C.).” Type: HT: 19.7.1883, Wm. M. Canby (GH). ≡ Dentaria rupicola (O.E.Schulz) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts.: 348 (1917).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Northern America: 73. MNT. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine scaposa Franch., Pl. David. 1: 33 (1884).

Ind. loc.: “Mongolie: Géhol, sous les arbres et prés des ruisseaux des hautes montagnes (No 1815). Mai juin 1864.”

Type: = Cardamine denudata O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36, Beibl. 82: 46 (1905).

Ind. loc.: “Sciu jan shan (Gr 5480).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHI-NM, CHN-HB, CHN-SA, CHN-SX. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine schinziana O.E.Schulz, in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 503−504 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Japonia: ins. Jesso in prov. Hitaka pr. Saruru Sando, leg. K. Mujabe 21.6.1884 sub nomine C. yezoënsis Maxim.? (H.C. [herbarium of the Harvard University, Cambridge]) .” Type: HT - [Japan], Saruru Sando, prov. Heidaka, Yezo, K[ingo] Miyabe, 21.vi.1884 (GH 00247636!), orig. det. Cardamine yezoensis Max.? [sic!]; Cardamine schinziana O.E. Schulz, rev. O.E. Schulz 05.iii.1902.

≡ C. yezoensis var. schinziana (O.E.Schulz) Ohwi, Fl. Japan rev. ed.: 1437 (1965). = C. nasturtiifolia Boiss., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(11): 793 (1899) non Bertero ex Steudel

Nomencl. Bot.: 281 (1840), nom. illeg. Ind. loc.: “10482 Forét de Sarura, juin 1.93 (Mus. Dr.).” Type: LT (Lihová et al., 2010): [Japan], Foréts de Saruru, U. Faurie 10482, 19.vii.1893 [sic!] (G!); isolectotype (MO!).

Chromosome number: 2n = 48, 64 (Marhold et al. 2010) Distribution: 38: JAP-HK Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine schulzii K.Urbanska–Worytkiewicz, Ber. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel 44:

91-92 (1977). Ind. loc.: “Switzerland, canton Uri, Urnerboden, 1400 m a.s.l., in moist pastures and drainage canals.” Type: HT: Switzerland, canton Uri, Urnerboden, 1400 m a.s.l., in moist pastures and drainage canals, 6.7.1974, K. Urbanska-Worytkiewitz (ZT).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Europe: 11. SWI. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Cardamine scutata Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 339 (1794). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type: = Cardamine angulata Hooker var. kamtschatica Regel,

Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine autumnalis Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 404 (1929). Ind. loc.: “Nippon: Yokosuka (1g. Wichura Oct. 18, 1860) Mus, Bot. Berol. – Dahlem.” Type:

= Cardamine baishanenis P.Y.Fu, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 4: 229 (1980). Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine dentipetala Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 51 (1899). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Japonia media: monte Togakushi, prov. Shinano, legerunt Matsumura et Yatabe anno 1884. Mense Julio fl. et fr.” Type:

= Cardamine drakeana Boiss., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(11): 791 (1899). Ind. loc.: “144. Mont. á ľEst ďAomori. Mai 1887 (Mus.).” Type:

= Cardamine regeliana Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 73 (1865-1866). Ind. loc.: not designated Type:

≡ Cardamine flexuosa subsp. regeliana (Miq.) Franch. & Sav., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 476 (1903). ≡ Cardamine flexuosa With. var. regeliana (Miq.) Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 72 (1899).

≡ Cardamine scutata Thunb. subsp. regeliana (Miq.) Hara, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(2): 59 (1952).

= Cardamine flexuosa var. manshurica Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersbursg Bot. Sada 22: 370 (1904) Ind. loc.: “Inparte orientali prov. Mukden ad trajectum Loe-lin in silva umbrosa ad ripas rivuli solo limoso a me collecta.” Type:

= Cardamine taquetii H.Lév., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 259 (1910). Ind. loc.: “Corea: Quelpaert, in oryzetis, Hongno, oct. 1908 (Taquet, 563).” Type:

= Cardamine zhejiangensis T.Y.Cheo et R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 24 (1980). Ind. loc.: “Zhejiang Sheng: Xitianmu Shan, 1957, V. 4, Hse-yu Ho 20927 (Typus HH).” Type:

= Cardamine scutata var. formosana (Hayata) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying, Fl. Taiwan 2: 686 (1976). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. formosana Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formosa: 30 (1911). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Taitō: Hakuhakusha, leg. T. Kawakami et Z. Kobayashi, 1906, Mai. (No. 1485).” Type:

Chromosome number:

102

n=16 (Mukherjee P. 1973 – Nepal) 2n=32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1963 – Russia, as Cardamine regeliana; Probatova N.S. &

Sokolovskaya A.P. 1984, 1988 – Russia, as Cardamine regeliana) 2n=ca.32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1960 – Russia, as Cardamine regeliana) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. KAM, KHA, KUR, PRM, SAK; 36. CHC-SC, CHC-GZ, CHM-JL, CHS-AH, CHS-GD, CHS-ZJ, CHS-JS; 38. JAP-HK, JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH, KOR-SK, TAI. Northern America: 70. ASK. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: Szechuan, Manchuan Hsien, at roadside, 8000-9000 ft, 25.5.1928, W.P.Fang (P); Japan: Honshu, Pref. Gifu, in the vicinity of Nigorigo-onsen, Osaka-cho, Mashita-gun, ca. 1700-1800 m, 26.6.1982, H.Takanashi, Y.Goto, Y.Yamada & K.Kaneko 6107 (KYO); Japan: Kanagawa Pref., open site along stream, Chisaki, Hanbara, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, ca. 300 m, 18.5.2001, H.Kudoh, M.Kagaya & T.Hurakawa 01-094 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Kawahara-dani, Umi-machi, ca. 550 m, 1.4.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-029 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Yusuhara, Chikuho-machi, ca. 400 m, 1.4.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-026 (TIM); Japan: Kumamoto Pref., Kikuchi-keikoku, Kikuchi-shi, 30.3.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-007 (TIM); Japan: Fukuoka Pref., Akizuki, Amagi-shi, ca.100 m, 31.3.2001, H.Kudoh & N.Kachi 01-015 (TIM); Japan: Saga Pref., Mt. Kurokami-yama, Yamauchi-chyo, 390 m, 21.4.2000, H.Kudoh & A.Nakai 00-072 (TIM); Japan: Honshu, Nara Pref., Nara, 6.5.1922, G.Koidzumi (ZT); Taiwan: Formosa Isl.: Distr. Nanton, Yü Shan (Mt. Morrison), rock crevices just below the summit, 3950 m, 19.10.1980, K.U.Kramer, E.Zogg & H.Gassner 7777 (ZT) [as Cardamine scutata var. formosana]; Taiwan: Isl. Formosae: Monte Alishan, Chiai-yi County, 2250-2470 m, 5.1.1980, Bernardi 20032 (ZT) [as Cardamine scutata var. formosana]. ?? Cardamine scutata var. koshiensis Ohwi et Okuyama, Ind. loc.: Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine seidlitziana Albov, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 448 (1894).

Ind. loc.: “Mingrélie: Mont Lékoudéli, rég. subalp., 1800 – 1900 m. (N. Alboff 1893. Exs. N. 360); Imérétie (Lomakin 1893. Exs. N. 27).”

Type: Chromosome number: 2n=12 (Davlianidze M. 1980 – Russia [Kaukaz]) – doubtful record Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 34. TUR; 33. NCS-KB, NCS-KC, NCS-KR, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-GR. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Russia: Prov. Krasnodar, Mons Aigba, in humidis, 1700-1800 m, 10.7.1911, V.Chmelevsky (K); Russia: Kavkazskij Gos. Zapovednik, Okr. „Krasnoj Poljany“, Gora Achischho, 8.7.1932, N.Busch (LEU); Georgia: Caucasuss occidentalis, distr. Gudauta, prope rivulum Avatchara, 1700-2100 m, 16.6.1971, V.Vašák (PR); Georgia: USSR: Lashipse-Bzib valley, Abkhazskaya ASSR, Gruzinskaya SSR, open alpine meadow, 25 km above Ritsa, lake Ritsa, on acid rocks, 24.6.1971, C.R.Frazer Jenkins 2800 (BM); Georgia: Západní predhůří Kavkazu, břehy řeky vytékající z jezera Rica (turistická zastávka), ca. 200 m, 11.7.1971, F.Dvořák (BRNOU).

103

Cardamine serbica Pančić, Dodatak Fl. Knež. Srbije: 111. 1884

Ind. loc.: “raste po kamenarima u Podrutsy izmevy Perutsa [Peručac] i Dervente [Derventa]” Type: LT (Kučera et al. 2010): An der Grenze von Bosnien und Serbien zwischen Derventa und Perutoče an d. Drina, V.1882, Pančić s.n. (WU!).

≡ C. maritima f. serbica (Pančić) Sagorski in Österr. Bot. Z. 61: 18. 1911 ≡ C. maritima prol. serbica (Pančić) O.E. Schulz in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 579. 1903 = C. maritima var. maglicensis Rohlena in Feddes Repert. 36/37: 145. 1906.

Ind. loc.: “Montenegro: In rupestribus et lapidosis sub monte Maglić in valle fluminis Piva prope Martinje, ca. 600–800 m” – Type: LT (Kučera et al. 2010): sub m. Maglić, pr. Mratinje, VIII.1905, Jos. Rohlena s.n. (lPR!). ≡ C. maritima subsp. maglicensis (Rohlena) Trinajstić, Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 4: 8. 1976.

Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Kučera et al., 2010) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-MN, YUG-SE. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Serbia: Tara Mts.: an Grenze Bosniaca und Serbica, zwischen Derventa und Perutoče [Perućac], um Drina, V.1882, J. Pančić (WU). Montenegro: Plužine: Flora Montenegrina, sub m. Maglić, prope Mratinje, VIII.1905, J. Rohlena (B, BM, PR, SARA); Žabljak: Flora Montenegrina, Durmitor, Škrka, uz Drypis, 8.VIII.1933, I. Horvat (ZAHO); Durmitor, kanjon Sušice, 18.VII.1991, S. Jovanović & al. 1400.91 (BEOU); Durmitor, kanjon Sušice, sipari, krečnjak, 1100 m, 15.VII.1997, D. Lakušić & G. Tomović (BEOU); Durmitor, kanjon Sušice, Sušicke jezero, Peltarion alliacaea, krečnjak, 1100 m, 15.VII.1994, S. Jovanović & Z. Bulić 742/94 (BEOU). Cardamine sibirica (O.E.Schulz) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 13 (1999).

≡ Cardamine glandulosa O.Schwarz subsp. sibirica O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 381 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Pr. Minussinsk ad ostium fl. Weraen-kaen et in silva ad fl. Nisini-kaen leg. N. Martjanow 4-5. 1898, n. 133 (H. P. Ac.).”

Type: ≡ Dentaria sibirica (O.E.Schulz) N.Busch, Komarov Fl. URSS 7: 151 (1939). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 30. KRA, WSB. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine silana Marhold et Perný, Willdenowia 33: 69 (2003). ≡ Cardamine latifolia var. calabrica DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 262 (1821). Ind. loc.: “In regio Neapolitano prope Scyllam.” Type: HT: Des ruiss[e]aux de la Sila, 1818, Thomas (G-DC). ≡ Cardamine raphanifolia “proles“ calabrica (DC.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32:

513 (1903). Chromosome number: 2n=48 (Perný M., Tribsch A., Stuessy T.F. & Marhold K. 2005 - Italy) Distribution: Europe: 13. ITA-IT.

104

Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Italy: Sila, Tenore (NAP); Italy: Magna Sila (Calabria), stazioni umide a botte Donato, ca. 1700 m, 16.8.1909, Cavara e Grande (BM); Italy: Calabria, Sila Grande, Lorica, torrente presso ľimpiento di risa lita per M. te Botte Donato, 1400 m, 1.6.1996, Bernardo (CLU); Italy: Calabria, Sila Grande, Lorica, Pedace, Torrente presso il Lago Arvo, 1.6.1996, Bernardo (CLU); Italy: Sila Grande, ca.13.5 km ENE of Campigliatello Silano, Macchialonga, 39°21´59´Ń, 16°36´11´É, 1510-1560 m, 11.6.1997, Partecipanti VIII Iter Mediterraneum 1001/04 (CLU, RNG, W); Italy: Basilicata, Prov. Di Potenza, Massiccio del Pollino, ca. 11 km N of Castrovillari, Piani of Pollino, 39°55Ń, 16°12’E, 1835 m, 19.6.1997, OPTIMA iter VIII 1860 (RNG); Italy: Calabria, Sila Grande, Macchialonga, 39°22’N, 16°36’E, 1510 m, 11.6.1997, Jury 17323 (RNG). Cardamine simplex Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 361 (1931).

Ind. loc.: “NW-Y.: Sumpfwiesen der tp. St. Ober Ganhaidse bei Lidjiang, Sandstein, 3200 m, 22. VII. 1914 (4310). Offene Stellen an Bächen am Osthange des Beimaschan zwischen Djinsch-djiang und Mekong, 28°12´, 3300 m, VI.1917 (Forrest 13840).”

Type: = Cardamine truncatolobata W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 14 (1987).

Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Luding, Mons Gonggashan, Yanzigou, alt. 3500-3800m, in locis glareosis gramineis prope rivulos, 30. jun 1982, Lang Kai-yong, Li Liang-qian et Fei Yong 341 (Holotypus PE).” Type:

= Loxostemon axillus Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo, Bull. Bot. Res. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(3): 52 (1981). Ind. loc.: “Szechuan: Tien-chan-hsien, in sepulis humidis ad udis alt.2500.” Type: HT: 8.5.1936, K.L.Chu no.2528 (HWN).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine solisi Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 2: 410 (1865).

Ind. loc.: “Chillan, Manuel Antonio de Solis.” Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CLC. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine sphenophylla Jurtzev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 184 (1972). Ind. loc.: “Pars australi-orientalis peninsulae Tschukotski, litus borealis sini Penkignei

maris Beringensis, prope ostium fl. Ukkeniveem (2 km ad occidentem), in parte inferiore declivibus meridiem versi, in tundra herbosa in deluvio humido argilloso, 23.8.1970, fl. et defl., B.Jurtzev, J.Kozhevnikov (LE).”

Type: HT: E Chukotka, northern coast of Penkigney Bay near Ukheniveem River mouth, 23.8.1970, Yu.P.Kozhenikov & B.A.Yuurtsev 70-190Y (LE).

≡ Cardamine digitata Richardson var. sphenophylla (Jurtzev) Khatri, Feddes Repert. 101: 443 (1990).

Chromosome number: 2n=28 (Yurtsev B.A. & Zhukova P.G. 1972 – Russia [Chukotka]).

105

Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31.MAG. Representative herbarium specimens:

Cardamine stenoloba Hemsl., J.. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 303 (1893). Ind. loc.: “Szechuen: without locality, Dr. A. Henry, 8724; Pratt, 352.” Type:

≡ Loxostemon stenolobus (Hemsl.) Y.Z.Lan et T.Y.Cheo, Bull. Bot. Res. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(3): 56 (1981).

= Cardamine pratensis subsp. chinensis O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32:530 (1903). Ind. loc.: “China: prov. Schen-si septentr. In cacumine m. Thae-pei-san leg. Gius. Giraldi 8. 1893 (H. Biondi n. 439 in H. B.).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC; CHN-SA. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine subcarnosa (Hook f.) Allan, Fl. N. Zeal. 1: 184 (1961). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta L. var. subcarnosa Hook f., Fl. Antarct. 1: 5 (1844).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Campbell´s Island; very common on grassy banks from the sea to an altitude of 500 feet.”

Type: ≡ Cardamine glacialis DC. var. subcarnosa (Hook f.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 542 (1903).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 51. NZN, NZS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine subterranea Larrañaga, Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 205 (1923).

Ind. loc.: Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. URU. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine tanakae Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap.: 36 (1875).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Japonia, loco non indicato, ex Tanaka (Savatier, n.77). Nippon media, in montibus Hakone (Maxim.).”

Type: = Cardamine tenius (Miq.) Koidz., Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat.: 13 (1930). ≡ Nasturtium tenue Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 71 (1865-1866). Ind. loc.: not designated Type: = Cardamine chelidonioides S.Moore, J. Bot. 7: 130 (1878). Ind. loc.: “Viget ad Nikko ditione japonica unde misit cl. Bisset.” Type: Chromosome number:

106

Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 38. JAP-HN, JAP-KY, JAP-SH. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Japan: Honshu, Pref. Yamanashi, Uchino, Oshino-mura, Minamitsura-gun, 950 m, 25.5.1976, M.Togashi (KYO, PR). Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 360 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “China: Prov. Kansu in terra Tangutorum leg. N. M. Przewalski 1872 (H. B. Boiss.), H. P. Ac.), 1873 (H. B.), 1880 (H. P. Ac.), prov. Kansu orient. leg. G. N. Potanin 1885 (H. B.), occid. leg. idem (H. P.); prov. Schensi sept.: Miao Wang-san pr. Pao-ki-scen leg. J. Giraldi 1899 No. 3379, in alto monte Thae-pei-san leg. idem No. 3378 (H. B.); prov. Schansi leg. Potanin 1884 (H. P. Ac.); Flora Pekinensis, in m. Siao-Wu-Tai-shan 1660-2330 m leg. O. v. Möllendorff 1879 (H. B.); prov. Szetschuan sept. leg. idem. 1885 (H. P. Ac.), ad Tsakulao leg. v. Rosthorn 1891 No. 2583 (H. B.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHN-GS, CHN-HB, CHN-SA, CHN-SX, CHQ, CHT. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: North China, SE Kansou, Schong sim hien, 28.4.1921, E.Licent 5162 (BM); China: N China, Kansou occidental, 12.7.1918, E.Licent 4284 (BM). Cardamine tasmanica Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France: 305 (1901).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. ThomnPlains (Simson, no. 512); Humburg Point, Georges Bay (Simson, no.191); Stony Steps et Winton (W.Spicer).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Australasia: 50: TAS. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine tenera J.G.Gmel ex C.A.Mey, Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 179 (1831). Ind. loc.: “In sylvis montium Talüsch, locis humudis (alt. 1-500 hexap.).”

Type: HT: (cf. Khatri 1988: 71): Hab. In sylvis montium Talüsch, locis humidis, sylvaticis montium prope Lenkoran, 1830, Gmelin no. 1592 (LE); IT: (LE).

≡ Cardamine uliginosa M.Bieb. subsp. tenera (J.G.Gmel ex C.A.Mey) Schmalh., Fl. Sredn. Jushn. Rossii 1: 50 (1895).

Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Kharkovskaya obl., Krymskaya obl.]) Distribution: Europe: 14. KRY. Asia-Temperate: 33. NCS-KC, NCS-KR, TCS-AB, TCS-AD, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR; 34. IRN, TUR. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Georgia: Abchazia, Očamčirskij rajon, okresnosti s. Tamyš, 19.4.1987, M.Samutina, Yu.Roskov & G.Medvedeva (LE); Georgia: Bachufer, zwischen Kobi und Zemo-Orokana, nördlich Krestovy Pass, Hoher Kaukazus, ca. 2000 m, 21.7.1997, J.Röthlisberger (ZT); Azerbaijan: In hunmidis silvaticis prope Lenkoran, III-IV 1838, R.F.Hohenacker (BM, BP).

107

Cardamine tenuirostris Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy.: 6 (1930).

Ind. loc.: Type:

= Cardamine flavescens Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 41: 667 (1872). Ind. loc.: “He hallado esta especie en el mes de setiembre en el valle del Tinguiririca, mas arriba de San Fernando.” Type:

= Cardamine pentaphylla Phil., Linnaea 33: 6 (1864). Ind. loc.: not designated. Type:

= Nasturtium stenophyllum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 81: 177 (1892). Ind. loc.: “Crescit in prov. Valdivia loco dicto ‘Futaco’ ad rivulos.” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine thyrsoidea O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 591 (1903).

Ind. loc.: “Chile in scaturiginibus frigidissimis montis ignivomi Antuco leg. Poeppig 1829 (H. V.).”

Type: Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine tomentella (Vorosch.) Shlotg., Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moskow), 136: 42

(1985). ≡ Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz subsp. tomentella Vorosch., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(5): 117 (1978).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. prov. Amurensis, distr., Selemdschinskij, prope pagum Ekimczan, ad declive muscoso, 16.7.1974, Sshapoval et Kostin (MHA); Amurskaya obl., khrebet Tukuringra, Zejskij zapovednik, uročište Sukhoj klyuč. Po dnu neglubokoj ložbiny na pravom beregu Zejskogo bodokhraniliša, 2.8.1977, I.A.Gubanov (MW, MHA).”

Type: HT: 16.7.1974, Šapoval & Kostin (MHA); PT: (MW, MHA). Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. AMU (endemic). Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine torrentis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 479 (1928). ≡ C. senanensis Nakai, Report Veget. Kamikōchi Prov. Shinano: 28, Feb. 1928 non Franch. et

Sav. (1879), nom. illeg.

108

≡ C. nipponica Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 25−26, Jan. 1928 non Franch. et Sav. (1879), nom. illeg.

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Hondo: secus torrente Adzusagawa, Kamikóchi prov. Shinano (T. Nakai - typus in Herb. Imp. Univ. Tokyo).”

Holotype: Shinshu, Kamikochi. Left side of Azusa-gawa [in Japanese], T. Nakai, 12.vii.1927 (TI!).

≡ C. yezoensis var. torrentis (Nakai) Ohwi, Fl. Japan rev. ed.: 1437 (1965). = C. kiusiana Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 14: 516 (1938).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Kyushu, prov. Hiuga: secus flumina Takachihokyô, Nishi-usuki-gun (S. Yosie-Mar. 31, 1937−typus). − Shiroiwa-yama in oppido Shiiha-mura, Nishiusuki-gun (S. Yosie-Jun. 10, 1937).” Holotype: Miyazaki-ken, Nishiusuki-gun, Takachiho-cho, Takachihokyo [in Japanese], S. Yosie 502, 31.iii.1937 (TI!). ≡ C. yezoensis var. kiusiana (Hara) Ohwi, Fl. Japan rev. ed.: 1437 (1965).

Chromosome number: 2n=64 (Marhold et al. 2010) Distribution: 38. JP-KY, JP-HN, JP-SH Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine trichocarpa A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 18 (1847).

Ind. loc.: “Crescit in provincia Chiré; et prope Dochli, provinciae Sana.” Type: ST - (Jonsell 1982: 40): Schimper II. 1352 (P).

= Cardamine trichocarpa subsp. elegans (Engl.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 463 (1903). ≡ Cardamine trichocarpa var. elegans Engl., Hochgebirgsfl. Afrika: 225 (1892).

Ind. loc.: “Abyssinien, an Waldplätzen um 2100 m; Debra-Tabor (Schi. 1863 n. 1162). Angola, Golungo Alto (Welwitsch.).” Type:

= Cardamine talamontiana Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 51 (1911). Ind. loc.:

Type: = Cardamine subumbellata (Dalzell) Hook f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 138 (1875).

≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. subumbellata Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 294 (1852). Ind. loc.: “crescit in collibus prope Belgaum.” Type:

Chromosome number: n=8 (Koshy J. K. & Mathew P. M. in Löve Á. 1982 – India) 2n= 16 (Jonsell 1976 – Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania) 2n= 32 (Morton 1993 – Cameroon) Distribution: Africa: 22. NGA; 23. BUR, CMN, EQG, RWA, ZAI; 24. ERI, ETH; 25. KEN, TAN, UGA; 26. ANG; 27. South Africa.; 29. MDG. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH, IND, SRL. Representative herbarium specimens: Africa: Nigeria: Bamenda prov., by the edge of the station hill, 12.1.1959, B.U.Daramola (K); Equatorial Guinea: Aequitorialis, Bioca: Lubu-Moca, 1991, J.F.Casas (K); Zair: Kivu prov., Butembro, 1800 m., 10.4.1974, J.C.Baudet (K); Ethiopia: Bale A. region: at the River Yadot, nort of Dolo Menna (Masslo), 1600 m., 26.10.1984, I.Friis et al. (K); Uganda: loc. Kachwekano Farm., Kigezi, 7400 ft., 12.1949, J.W.Turseglowe (K); Cameroon: SW Cameroon, prov Bui division, Gazetteer: Transekt KA, 2760 m., 10.6.1996, J.N.Asongani (K); Cameroon: SW Cameroon, prov Bui division, Gazetteer: KD towards Kilulu, Oku, 3000 m., 10.6.1996, M.Etuge (K); Cameroon: SW

109

Cameroon, prov Bui division, Gazetteer: Junction of KJ and KN transects above Elak, 2550 m., 10.6.1996, S.Cable (K); Tanzania, Morogo distr., Uluguru Mts., Lukwangulu Plateau, on wet soil near small stream, in grassland, c.2400 m, 19.9.1970, M.Thulin & B.Mhoro (K); Tanzania: Tanganika, loc. Amani, 2950 ft., Greenway (K); Southern Africa – Natal, Lions river distr. Mt. Gilboa, in damp Leucosidia sood, c. 5000 ft, 29.12.1978, O.M.Hilliard & B.L.Burt (K). Asia-Tropical: Bhutan: E.Bhutan, Lao Trashiyange Chu, 8000 ft, 27°52´N, 91°28´E, 9.5.1949, F.Ludlow, G.Sherriff & J.H.Hicks (BM) [as Cardamine subumbellata]; India: Palni (Pulney) Hills, Timilnadu (formerly Madras) state, Dindigul Distr. Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, Poombarai, roadside shola, 2100 m, 28.11.1985, K.M.Matthew & N.Rajendren 43388 (K) [as Cardamine subumbellata]; India: Western Circle, Poona, Flora of Maharastra, on the way to Fort, Ambayne, Poona distr., 24.7.1964, B. Venkata Reddi 99237 (K); India: Salem, distr. Yercad, Serrarayams, Bear`s cave estate, 1575 m, 10.1.1980, K.M.Matthew 25671 (K). Cardamine trifida (Lam. ex Poir.) B.M.G.Jones, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69:

57 (1964). ≡ Dentaria trifida Lam. ex Poir., Encycl. Méth. Bot. suppl. 2: 465 (1811)

Ind. loc.: “Cette plante a été recueillie en Sibérie par M. Patrin. (V. s. in herb. Lam.).” Type: ≡ Sphaerotorrhiza trifida (Lam. ex Poir.) Khokhr., Fl. Magadansk. obl.: 235 (1985). = Cardamine tenuifolia (Ledeb.) Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 238, (1842),

nom. illeg. [Flora Baicalensis-Dahurica 1:120 (1842-45)]. ≡ D.entaria tenuifolia Ledeb., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg 5: 547 (1815). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Sibiria a Tomo fluvio ad Lenam usque fluvium.” Type: ≡ Cardamine schulziana Baehni, Candollea 7: 281 (1937). = Dentaria alaunica Golitsin, Del. Sem. Hort. Bot. Voronegiensis 8: 48 (1947).

Ind. loc.: “Elevatio mediorossica inter flumina Don et Oca superiora.” Type:

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1968 – Russia [Koryatska zemlja], as Cardamine tenuifolia

(Ledeb.) Turcz.; Probatova N.S & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1988 – Russia [Kamchatka]; Spasskaya N.A. 1979 – Russia [Lipetskaya obl., Lebedyanskij r-n, zapovednik Plyushchan, krutoj sklon verkhnej terrasy r. Don]; Sokolovskaya A.P.& Strelkova O.S. 1960 – Russia [Bukhta Tiksi], as Dentaria tenuifolia Ledeb.);

2n=48 (Probatova N.S & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1984 – Russia [Primorskij kraj, p-ov Muraveva-Amurskogo, okr. zh.-d. st. Okeanskaya bliz Vladivostoka]; Sokolovskaya A.P. 1966 – Russia [Primorskoj oblast], as Dentaria tenuifolia Ledeb.)

Distribution: Europe: 14. RUC. Asia-Temperate: 30. ALT, BRY, CTA, IRK, KRA, WSB, YAK; 31. AMU, KHA, KUR, PRM, SAK; 32. KAZ; 36. CHI-NM, CHM-HJ, CHM-JL; 37. MON; 38. JAP-HK, KOR Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Russia: Zabajkalská oblast, Beresovka, na mokrých loukách, ca. 500 m, 5.1918, J.Hantschel (PR) [as Cardamine tanuifolia]; Russia: Zabajkalská oblast, ruský ostrov u Vladivostoku, ca. 100 m, 5.1920, J.Hantschel (PR) [as Cardamine tanuifolia]. Cardamine trifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 654 (1753). Ind. loc.: “In Alpibus Helveticis, Lapponicis.”

110

Type: LT - (Marhold 1996:127): LINN no. 835.7. Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Marhold K. 1994 - Poland, Slovakia; Banach – Pogan E. 1955 – Poland; Měsíček J.,

Javůrková – Jrolímová V. 1992 – Czech Republic; Skalińska M. 1950 – Poland; Májovský J. et al. 1976 – Slovakia; Migra V. 1982 – Slovakia; Manton I. 1932 – without locality)

Distribution: Europe: 10. GRB; 11. AUT-AU, CZE-CZ, CZE-SK, GER, HUN, POL, SWI; 13. ITA-IT, YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-SL; 14. UKR-UK?. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Great Britain: Wood near Dartmouth, S.Devon, April 1962, J.Simpson (K); Czech Republic: Bílá, valley of the Černá river, 1955, J.Šmarda (BRNU); Slovakia: Dierová, 1956, Schidlay (SAV); Slovakia: Lasnická Huta, 1986, K.Marhold (SAV); Poland: Montes Tatri Occidentales, mons Łysanki, 990 m, 5.1967, H.Piękoś & A.Jasiewicz (JE); Poland: Lipnica Wielka, W of Polana Piaskowa, 1965, M. & J. Guzik (KRAM); Germany: Flora Bavariae: in silvis muscosis pr. Laufen ad fl. Salzach, 1864, Progel (K); Croatia: Istrien, Monte Maggiore, 23.5.1891, Vončenic (GZU); Slovenia: Bled, ca 1700 ft, 12.5.1938, G.E.Martindale (K); Italy: loc. Venetia, Prov. di Udine: in silvis montis Raut, alt. 1400-1600 m, 18.7.1914, P.Porta (K). Cardamine trifoliolata Hook. et Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 145 (1861).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. In Himalaya orientali, reg. temp. Bhotan! Griffith.” Type: = Cardamine flexuosoides W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 12 (1987).

Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Baoxing, Dengchigou, alt. 3300m, in declivatibus gramineis.” Type: HT: 26.6.1933, Tu Ta-hwa no.21010 (PE).

= Loxostemon smithii O.E.Schulz var. wenchuanensis Y.Z.Lan et T.Y.Cheo, Bull. Bot. Res. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(3): 55 (1981). Ind. loc.: “Szechuan: Wen-Chuan hsien, Alt. 2500m., on moist rock cleft.“ Type: HT: 28.5.1930, F.T.Wang no.21010 (HKA).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM, IND, NEP. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Nepal: Bambong, Lanyung Himal, 13000 ft, 3.7.1954, Stainton, Stykes & Wiliams 6085 (BM); Bhutan: Dochu La, 3100 m, 30.5.1967, H.Kanai, G.Murata & T.Yamazaki 726 (TI). Cardamine tuberosa DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 254 (1821).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Chili.” Type: ≡ Erysimum tuberosum Dombey ex DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 254 (1821), nom. nudum. ≡ Sisymbrium tuberosum Lag. ex DC., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 254 (1821), nom. nudum.

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine uliginosa M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 3: 438 (1819).

Ind. loc.: “Circa Tatartup promontorii Caucasici septentrionalis etiam reperitur, in Ucrania circa Charkoviam pariter occurens.”

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Type: Chromosome number: 2n=16 (Gagnidze R.I., Gviniaschvili Ts.N., Pataraia M.G. & Dzindzolia1985 – Russia

[Kaukaz, Yugo-Osetia]; Gvinianidze Z. I. & Avazneli A.A. 1982 – Kaukaz; Sokolovskaya A.P. & Strelkova O.S. 1948 – Kaukaz; Tumadzhanov I.I. & Beridze R.K. 1970 – Georgia [Yugo-Osetia]; Ghaffari S.M. & Chariat-Panahi S. in Löve Á. 1985 - Iran)

Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 34. IRN, IRQ, LBS-LB, LBS-SY, SIN, TUR; 33. NCS-CH, NCS-DA, NCS-IN, NCS-KB, NCS-KC, NCS-KR, NCS-SO, NCS-ST, TCS-AD, TCS-AR, TCS-AV, TCS-AZ, TCS-GR. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Turkey: Artvin, Yalniczam Silsilesi 10 km of ESE os Savsat, 2000-2400 m, 10.7.1967, Albury, Cheese & Watson 3163 (K); Turkey: Ağri: N side of pass between Erciş and Ptnos, stream bank, 2000 m, 22.5.1966, Davis 43467 (K); Turkey: Prov. Bitlis: Karz Dağ above Kotum, 6500 ft, 28.4.1954, P.H.Davis & O.Polunin (BM); Georgia: Svanethi, Ugvirekij chrebet, 2700-3000 m, 27.7.1975, Davlianidze (BRNOU); Georgia: Gruzinskaya SSR: Georgian Military Highway, between Ordzhonikidze and Tbilisi, open wet alpine meadow by snowpath top of the Krestovyy Pereval, 2390 m, 4.7.1971, C.R.Frazer Jenkins 3014 (BM); Georgia: Ad fossas, in uliginosis Georgiae caucasiae, May 1834, T.Fr.Hohenacker (K); Armenia: Armen. Or., ad fossas in ripis rivi Gandscha in terr. Elisabethopol, R.F.Hohenacker (ZT); Adzerbajdzhan: Transcaucasia, respublika Nachitsevan, dist. Schachbaz, supra pag. Kju-Kju, in faucibus, 3.6.1939, E.Chalilov (BM); Iran: Montes Elburs centr., in jugo Kandawan, in declivibus borealibus, ca. 2700-3000 m, 26.5.1937, K.H.Rechinger fil. 488 (BM); Iran: Elburz Gochisar 50°NE Karadj, at edge of stream, 7000 ft alt., 18.6.1962, P.Furse 2608 (K); Iran: Kuh Alwend NE Face, 8 miles SW Hamadan, 9000 ft, 13.5.1962, P.Furse (K); Iran: Persia: Mts below Sirik, alt. 7000 ft, 20.5.1929, Cowan & Darlington (K); Iraq: Iter Persico-turcium no. 856, Kurdistania Assyriaca: in montis Helgurd (ad fines Pers.) regione alpina, 2600 m, 26.6.1893, J.Bornmüler (K); Iraq: Kurdistan, Rust Mt., north of Rust village, 8000-10000 ft, 19.5.1951, W.Thesiger (BM); Iraq: Region and distr. MRO, Quandil Range, 2800-3100 m, 31.7.1958, Ali al-Rawi & Serhang 24099 (K); Iraq: Region and district MRO no. 26686, Kanirush Querna Qaw, Valley N of Pushtashan, ca. 1450 m, 18.8.1958, Ali Rawi & I.Serhang (K); Lebanon: Ainata, 6500 ft, 8.5.1933, R.Meinertzhagen (BM). Cardamine umbellata Greene, Pittonia 3: 154 (1896-98). Ind. loc.: “St. Paul Island, Behring Sea.” Type: Mr. James M. Macoun 1891 and 1892 = Cardamine oligosperma var. kamtschatica (Regel) Detling., Amer. J. Bot. 24: 76 (1937).

≡ Cardamine sylvatica var. kamtschatica Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(3): 172 (1861).

Ind. loc.: “Insel St. Paul (Kussmisscheff). Kamtschatka (Peters).” Type: ≡ Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray subsp. kamtschatica (Regel) Cody, Canad. Field-Naturalist 108(1): 93 (1994). ≡ Cardamine hirsuta subsp. kamtschatica (Regel) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 470 (1903).

≡ Cardamine kamtschatica (Regel) Piper, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 11: 290 (1906). Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Sokolovskaya A.P. 1968 – Russia [Koryatska zemlja])

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2n=32, 48 n=24 (Rollins R.C. 1993 – Alaska) 2n=36 (Probatova N.S. & Sokolovskaya A.P. 1988 – Russia [Kamchatka]) 2n=48 n=24 (Mulligan G.A. 1965 – Canada) 2n=48 (Yurtsev B.A. 1975 – Russia [Chukotka]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. KAM, MAG. Northern America: 70. ASK, NWT, YUK; 71. ABT, BRC. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: Russia: Peninsula Kamtschatka, 8.8.1908, V.I.Komarov (P) [as C. hirsuta subsp. kamtschatica]. Cardamine valdiviana Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 2: 314 (1865).

Ind. loc.: “In humidis praedii nostri San Juan in prov. Valdivia invenit Frid. Philippi.” Type: ≡ Cardamine chilensis var. valdiviana (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 1: 94 (1896).

Cardamine valdiviana var. valdiviana Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, CL. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine valdiviana var. callitrichoides (Speg.) O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 446

(1903). ≡ Cardamine callitrichoides Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 7: 211 (1902). Ind. loc.: “Hab. In aquis lente fluentibus secus Camen-leofú. aest. 1900 (N.I.).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, CL Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine valida (Takeda) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 26 (1928). ≡ Cardamine prorepens f. valida Takeda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 24−25 (1911).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. Yezo: in locis humidis ad promontorio Tumoshiri [Cape Tomoshiri, Tomoshiri-misaki], prope oppid. Nemuro (H. Takeda 12. VII. 1909).” Type: We do not have any information on the location of the original material pertaining to this name. The name is interpreted according to the original description and plants collected in the vicinity of the type locality (see Discussion).

− C. yezoensis auct. non Maxim.: Ohwi, Fl. Japan: 571 (1953), 483 (1984); J. Samej., T. Tsujii & S. Umezawa, Wild Flowers of Hokkaido: 129 (1993).

Chromosome number: 2n=32 (Marhold et al. 2010) Distribution: 38. JP-HS, JP-HK, ? 31. SAK Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine variabilis Phil., Linnaea 33: 5 (1864). Ind. loc.: “In ripa glareosa Lacus Ranco prov. Valdiviae legi.” Type: ? = Cardamine variabilis Phil. var. pinnatisecta (O.E.Schulz) Boelcke, Fl. Patagonica 4a:

402 (1984).

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≡ Cardamine variabilis Phil. „proles“ pinnatisecta O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 432 (1903). Ind.loc.: “Chile: leg. V. Besser n.109 (H. B.), in m. Antuco leg. Poeppig 1828 (H. V.); Argentina: secus Rio Carren-leofú leg. Spegazzini 1900 n. 823; Patagonia australis: ad Rio S. Cruz leg. Idem 1882 n. 824 (H. Speg.).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, AGS-SC, CL Representative herbarium specimens: Southern America: Argentina: Flora von Nord Patagonien, San Cárlos de Bariloche (lago Nahuelhuapi 41° S. Br.), am Seeufer, 770 m, 10.2.1905, Dr. O.Buchtien (PR) [as Cardamine variabilis]. Cardamine victoris N.Busch, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR 7: 454 (1931).

Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Oriente extremo, in Ochotia, territorium Penshinskaja guba, fontes fluvi Oklan loco depresso humido inter saliceta, 21. Jul. 1930, V.B.Sochava.” Type: HT: Okhotsko-Kamchatsky region, Penzhina Bay basin, the upper Oklana River, 21.7.1930, V.B.Sochava (LE).

Chromosome number: 2n=28 (Zhukova P.G. 1980 – Russia [Chukotka]; Zhukova P.G. & Petrovsky V.V. 1984 –

Russia [Chukotka]; Yurtsev B.A. & Zhukova P.G. 1972 – Russia [Chukotka]) Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 31. KAM, KHA, MAG. (endemic) Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine violacea (D.Don) Wall., Numer. List: 4782 (1831).

≡ Erysimum violaceum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 202 (1825). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Gosaingsthan. Wallich.” Type: = Cardamine violacea subsp. bhutanica Grierson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1):

109 (1984). Ind. loc.: “Bhutan: Pele La, 3300m, 19 vi 1975, roadside bank in thin cloud forest, Grierson & Long 546 (Holotypus E).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-YN. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM-BH, IND, NEP. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Tropical: Nepal: Ankhu Khola, 10000 ft, 28°12´N, 85°6´E, 18.6.1962, J.D.A.Stainton 3861 (BM). Cardamine vulgaris Phil., Linnaea 28: 665 (1856).

Ind.loc.: “prope Sotaqui.” Type: ≡ Cardamine hirsuta var. vulgaris (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 1: 100 (1896).

Chromosome number: Distribution: Southern America: 85. AGS-CB, AGS-NE, AGS-RN, CL. Representative herbarium specimens:

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Southern America: Chile: Flora von Süd-Chile, Valdivia (40°), am Wegen, 4.10.1905, Dr. O.Buchtien (PR). Cardamine waldstenii Dyer, Kew Hand-List Herb. Pl.: 97 (1895).

≡ Dentaria trifolia Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 148, 149, tab. 139, (1802). Ind. loc.: “Crescit in valibus & demersionibus umbrosis Croatiae inter Petrovo Szelo & Korenicuam, in subalpinis montis Plissivicza, atque Merszin monte Koreniczae vicino.”

Type: LT – (Chrtek & Skočdopolová 1982: 222): In subalpinis Croatiae [labeled by Waldstein] (PR, no. 155765/750).

= Cardamine savensis O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 355 (1903). Ind. loc.: “Styria inferior: Lassnitzklause pr. Deutsch-Landsberg 390 m leg. E.

Preismann 1883 (H. Vr.), ad »Hudi potok« pr. Liboje 300 m leg. Kocbek (Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. N. 1700 in H. var.), ad Pachern m. leg. Beyer, pr. Stattenberg leg. Peterstein (H. V.), ............ .”

Type: Chromosome number: 2n=ca. 80 (Manton I. 1932 – without locality, as Cardamine savensis O. E. Schulz) Distribution: Europe: 13. YUG-BH, YUG-CR, YUG-MN, YUG-SE, YUG-SL. Representative herbarium specimens: Europe: Bosnia: In silvis montis Trebević, ca 1050 m, 13.5.1906, K.Maly (K); Bosnia: bei Pale, 850 m, 16.5.1909, K.Maly (K). Cardamine yezoensis Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 18: 277 (1873). Ind.

loc.: “Hab. in Yezo meridionali (Albrecht!): silvis subalpinis prope Mohidzi, fine Maji florens.” Type: LT (Lihová et al., 2010) Japonia, insula Jesso, circa Hakodate, Albrecht s.n., 1861 (LE! – the specimen with two complete plants, the bottom plant being selected as a lectotype). ≡ C. leucantha prol. yezoensis (Maxim.) O.E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 405 (1903). ≡ C. prorepens var. yezoensis (Maxim.) Kudo, Veg. N. Sagh.: 146 (1924).

= C. fauriei Franch, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, Ser. 7, 12: 83−84 (1888) 'fauriae'. Ind. loc.: “Yeso, in praeruptis montium ad Otaru (Faurie, n. 183, 286).” Type: LT (Lihová et al., 2010): Au pied des montagnes d‘ Otaru, ravins, Faurie 286, 30 May 1887 (G!).

= C. geifolia Koidz. in Matsum., Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 2: 25−26 (1914). Ind. loc.: “Hab. Jezo: Asahigawa (Prov. Isikari), leg. H. Koidzumi, anno 1913.” Type: LT (Lihová et al., 2010): Ishikari, near Asahikawa [in Japanese], H. Koidzumi, 1913 (TI!).

= C. akitensis Mochizuki in J. Jap. Bot. 44: 340−342 (1969). Ind. loc.: “Hab. in Japonia: Pref. Akita: monte Tashiro-dake (leg. R. Mochizuki, 15 Jun. 1968; 17 Mai 1969; 8 Jun 1969 - typus, in Herb. Fac. Sci. Univ. Kanazawa.” Holotype: Akita-ken, Kitaakita-gun, Tashiro-cho, a foothill of Mt. Tashiro-dake [in Japanese], R. Mochizuki, 08.vi.1969 (KANA).

Chromosome number:

115

2n=48, 72, 80, 96, (Marhold et al. 2010), 46-48 (Manton I. 1932 – withoput locality, as Cardamine leucantha (Tausch.) O.E.Schulz. prol. yezoensis (Maxim.) O.E.Schulz.)

Distribution: 31. SAK, 38. JP-HK, JP-HN. Representative herbarium specimens: Cardamine yunnanensis Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 398 (1886).

Ind. loc.: “Yun-nan, in silvis ad Ta-long-tan, prope Tapin-tze, alt. 1800 m; fl., fr. 26 jul. 1885 (Delav. n. 1843).”

Type: IT - NY = Cardamine bijiangensis W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 12 (1987).

Ind. loc.: “Yunnan: Bijiang, Kungdung, alt. 2800m, in sylvis, 9 Jul. 1978, Exped. Nujiang. 943 (Holotypus PE).” Type:

= Cardamine hirsuta var. oxycarpa Hook.f. & T.Anderson, Fl. Brit. India 1: 138 (1872). Ind. loc.: “India: Hilly districts, common.” Type:

= Cardamine heterophylla T.Y.Cheo et R.C.Fang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6: 27 (1980). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan Sheng: Nanchuan Xian, Daheba, 1938, IV. 13., K.L.Chu 6034 (Typus HN).” Type:

= Cardamine inayatii O.E.Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 1069 (1927). Ind. loc.: “Hazára: Kagán, Daragán (blühend am 18. Juli 1897 – Inayat [Duthie`s Sammler] n. 21134). – British Garhwál: östlich von Dakhwáni, 3600-4200 m ü. M. (blühend am 11. September 1885 – J.F.Duthie n. 3832).” Type:

= Cardamine levicaulis W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 9 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Luding, Mons Gonggashan, Yanzigou, alt. 2500-3000m, in locis humidis prope rivulos.” Type: HT: 25 Jun. 1982, Lang Kai-yong, Li Liang-qian & Fei Yong no.226 (PE).

= Cardamine longipedicellata Z.M.Tan et G.H.Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34(6): 650 (1996). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Shifang, Saiyunhus, alt. 1090 m., 1979-04-03, M.S.Huang 40 (type SZ).” Type:

= Cardamine longistyla W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 14 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Xizang: Zayü, Ridong, Shiladu, alt. 3600m, in pratis alpinis convallium.” Type: HT: 8.8.1982, Exped. Qinghai-Xizang no.0183 (PE).

= Cardamine muliensis W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 11 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan: Muli, Bailianggou, alt. 3300m, in sylvis.” Type: HT: 26.8.1983, Exped. Qinghai-Xizang no.13497 (KUN).

= Cardamine sikkimensis H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 97 (1962). Ind. loc.: “Sikkim: infra Chiyabanjan, alt. 2500m (H.K.M.T. & T., Mai. 11, 1960, typus in TI); inter Nayathang et Chiyabanjan, alt. 3100-3500m (Jun. 2, 1960); inter Yoksam et Bakkim, alt. 1700-2200m (Mai. 18, 1960).” Type:

= Cardamine sinica Rashid et H.Ohba, J. Jap. Bot. 68(3): 182 (1993). Ind. loc.: “Sichuan Sheng: Nanchuan Xian, Daheba (K.L.Chu 6034 on 13 july, 1938-HN).” Type:

116

= Cardamine weixiensis W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(1): 9 (1987). Ind. loc.: “Yunnan: Weixi, Lidiping, alt. 3100-3300m, in pratis alpinis, 21 Jul. 1981, Exped. Hengduanshan. Inst. Bot. 1828 (Holotypus PE).” Type:

Chromosome number: Distribution: Asia-Temperate: 36. CHC-SC, CHC-YN, CHT. Asia-Tropical: 40. EHM, IND, NEP. Representative herbarium specimens: Asia-Temperate: China: Province du Yun-nan, Jan-Pin-Gze, 10.7.1888, M.ľAbbé Delavay (BM). Asia-Tropical: Nepal: Central Nepal, slopes of Phulchanki Dancha, Kathmandu Valley, 6000 ft, 27°35´N, 85°24´E, 18.8.1967, Williams & Stainton 8124 (K) [as Cardamine inayatii]; Nepal: E Nepal, Thudam, 3400 m, 25.6.1972, H.Kanai et al. 723639 (TI).

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world checklist of the genus cardamine l. (draft 1)

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