world and rizal american civil war: negro slavery napoleon iii & france : mexico italy vs...
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WORLD AND RIZAL
American Civil War: Negro Slavery
Napoleon III & France : Mexico
Italy vs Austrians & France
Germans vs. France
England: world’s leading imperialist power
America: re-opened Japan (after 214)
Germany vs Spain
Hong Kong, India, Burma, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Egypt, Malaysia, etc.
Pope Leo XIII
SPAIN
Latin America
Central AmericaContinued: Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Philippines
COLONIAL POWER OF SPAIN: •INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION •CORRUPT OFFICIALS (Gov. Generals)• NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES•HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED•NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW•MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE•RACIAL DISCRIMINATION•FRAILOCRACY•FORCED LABOR•HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS•GUARDIA CIVIL
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Hong Kong, India, Burma, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Egypt, Malaysia, etc.
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CHURCH “Enlightened” Authority:
Education Knowledge as
Power Consultant of the
King
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1) INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
2) CORRUPT OFFICIALS3) NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION
IN THE SPANISH CORTES4) HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED5) NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW6) MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE7) RACIAL DISCRIMINATION8) FRAILOCRACY9) FORCED LABOR10) HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS11) GUARDIA CIVIL
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INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIONstruggles between the forces of despotism
(single entity rules with absolute power/ one power/ one master)and liberalism
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BRIBERYNEPOTISM
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CORRUPT OFFICIALS (Gov. Generals)
Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo
Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera
Gen. Valeriano Weyler
Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
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penniless Spaniards came to the Philippines
Immediate appointment to higher offices: skin color
They were either relatives or protégés of civil officials and friars.
They became rich by illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino families.
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Spain granted locals from their colonies representation in the Cortes, thus Spanish parliament government. (functions: representation, legislation, hearings or inquiries) To win the support of her
overseas colonies during the Napoleonic Invasion
the Philippine conditions worsened because: there was no means by which the
Filipino people could expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials.
Result: Propaganda Movement that led to Philippine Revolution
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Result of no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
Freedom for Filipinos was denied
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Missionaries: “All men, irrespective of
color and race, are equal before God.”
Brown-skinned Filipinos are inferior beings: subjects to be exploited
Brown Filipinos and white Spaniards may be equal before God, but not before the law and certainly not in practice.
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Justice was costly, partial, and slow. Poor Filipinos had no access
to the courts because they could not afford the heavy expenses of litigation.
Wealth, social, prestige, and color of skin were preponderant factors in winning a case in court.
Justice delayed is justice denied: Juan de la Cruz (1886-1898) – 12 yrs
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brown-skinned and flat-nosed Filipinos as: “INDIOS” (Indians)
Spaniards as: “BANGUS” (Milkfish)
A Spaniard, no matter how stupid he was, always enjoyed political and social prestige and superiority.
Fr. Jose Burgos: complained the
Spanish misconception that a man’s merit depended on the pigment of his skin
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union of Church and State “government of friars”
tremendous political power, influence, and riches.
Condemn a filipino filibustero (traitor)
Autonomy of education portrayed by Rizal in his
novels as Padre Damaso and Padre Salvi
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“POLO:” forced labor imposed on
Filipinos in the construction of infrastructures and public works
“Falla:” sum of money paid to
government to be exempted from the polo.
ABUSES: FIRST: Spanish residents,
contrary to law, were not recruited for
“polo” SECOND: Laborers received
only a part of their supposed
original stipend. Worse, they got nothing.
(Gratis) THIRD: this caused
inconvenience and suffering because :
common laborers are disturbed from their work in farms, shops,
far from homes and towns.
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The rural folks became: tenants.
loss of their lands which belonged to their ancestors since pre-Spanish times
FRIARS obtained royal titles of ownership from:
the Spanish Crown. Rizal and agrarian reforms ---
Retaliation: rentals are raised
“INDOLENCE (lack of concern) OF FILIPINOS”:
Deceptions made by friars making the local folks believe that plantations are prospering because they were under their care.
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Constable: “Law
Enforcement” (to serve and to protect)
Supposed to maintain peace and order in the society They don’t observe
their duty: maltreating innocent people, looting their livelihoods, raping women
Rizal directed his stinging satire against the hatred Guardia Civil,
through Elias in Noli Me Tangere.