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UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WORKSHOP

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Page 1: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

UNDERSTANDINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE

WORKSHOP

Page 2: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

INTRODUCTION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

WHAT IS AI AND WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO LEARN ABOUT ITS APPLICATIONS

Page 3: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIS IT ANALYSIS?

Page 4: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIS IT ANALYSIS?

Page 5: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIS IT PREDICTION BASED ON ANALYSIS?

Page 6: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIS IT PREDICTION BASED ON ANALYSIS?

Page 7: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCELEARNINGREASONINGSELF-CORRECTION

Page 8: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

Page 9: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHAT IS DATA?DATA IS THE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD

Page 10: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHAT IS DATA?THE DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD

Page 11: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

TEAM JEROME TEAM ANANDAN

Page 12: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?AN ALGORITHM IS A PROCEDURE OR FORMULA FOR SOLVING A PROBLEM, BASED ON CONDUCTING A SEQUENCE OF SPECIFIED ACTIONS.

Page 13: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?THINK OF IT AS FOLLOWING A RECIPE

Page 14: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?AN APPLICATION OF AI THAT PROVIDES SYSTEMS THE ABILITY TO AUTOMATICALLY LEARN AND IMPROVE FROM EXPERIENCE WITHOUT BEING EXPLICITLY PROGRAMMED.

Page 15: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

MACHINE LEARNINGCAPABILITIES

Page 16: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

MACHINE LEARNING IN USEEMAIL SPAM FILTERING

Page 17: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

MACHINE LEARNING IN USEFRAUD DETECTION

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MACHINE LEARNING IN USEFACIAL RECOGNITION

Page 19: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

WHY USE MACHINE LEARNING?

Problems for which existing solutionsrequire a lot of hand-tuning or long lists of rules

Complex problems for which there is no good solution at all using a traditional approach

Fluctuating environments: a Machine Learning system can adapt to new data

Getting insights about complex problems and large amounts of data

Page 20: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

TYPES OF MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMSMACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SUPERVISION THEY GET DURING TRAINING.

Page 21: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMSFOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES

Page 22: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

1. SUPERVISED LEARNING

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

In supervised learning, the training data you feed to the algorithm includes the desired solutions, called labels.

A typical supervised learning task is classification. The spam filter is a good example of this: it is trained with many example emails along with their class (spam or ham), and it must learn how to classify new emails.

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SUPERVISED LEARNINGEXAMPLE: CLASSIFICATION

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2. UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

In unsupervised learning, as you might guess, the training data is unlabeled. The system tries to learn without a teacher.

A typical supervised learning task is clustering. For example, say you have a lot of data about your blog’s visitors. You may want to run a clustering algorithm to try to detect groups of similar visitors. At no point do you tell the algorithm which group a visitor belongs to: it finds those connections without your help.

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UNSUPERVISED LEARNINGEXAMPLE: CLUSTERING

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3. SEMISUPERVISED LEARNING

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

Some algorithms can deal with partially labeled training data, usually a lot of unlabeled data and a little bit of labeled data. This is called semisupervised learning.

Some cloud hosting providers, such as Google Photos, are good examples of this. Once you upload all your family photos to the service, it automaticallyrecognizes that the same person A shows up in photos 1, 5, and 11, while another person B shows up in photos 2, 5, and 7.

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SEMISUPERVISED LEARNINGEXAMPLE: CLUSTERING + CLASSIFICATION

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4. REINFORCEMENT LEARNING

MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS

Reinforcement Learning is a little different. The learning system, called an agent, can observe the environment, select and perform actions, and get rewards in return (or penalties in the form of negative rewards). It must then learn by itself what is the best strategy, called a policy, to getthe most reward over time.

A policy defines what action the agent should choose when it is in a given situation.

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REINFORCEMENT LEARNINGEXAMPLE: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REWARDS

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MACHINE LEARNING: WHAT TO WATCH OUT FOR

In Machine Learning projects, we usually select a learning algorithm and train it on some data, so the things that can go wrong are related to bad algorithmsand bad data. However, data often matters more than algorithms for complex problems.

Let’s look at some examples of what we mean by bad data.

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INSUFFICIENT DATANOT ENOUGH DATA

Page 32: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

NON-REPRESENTATIVE DATADOES NOT REPRESENT ALL THE CASES

Page 33: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

OVER-FITTING DATAFORCE-FITTING DATA TO MATCH THE USE CASE

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UNDER-FITTING DATADATA IS TOO SIMPLE TO ACCOUNT FOR VARIANCE

Page 35: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

POOR QUALITY DATADATA IS FULL OF ERRORS, OUTLIERS, AND NOISE

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APPROACHINGPROBLEMS THROUGH AN AI LENS

7 QUESTIONSTO CONSIDER

Page 37: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCETECHNICAL LIMITATIONS

• Obtaining sufficiently large data sets

• The need to label training data

• Difficulty explaining results from large, complex neural-network-based systems

• Difficulties with domain adaptation and generalising

• Risk of discrimination and bias

• Privacy concerns

• Data quality, quantity, completeness

Page 38: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

DISCRIMINATION AND BIAS IN AIEXAMPLE

Page 39: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

DISCRIMINATION AND BIAS IN AIEXAMPLE

Page 40: WORKSHOP UNDERSTANDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE · to learn about its applications. artificial intelligence is it analysis? artificial intelligence is it analysis? ... artificial intelligence

QUESTIONS?LET’S TALK ABOUT AI :)

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THANK YOU.

DR. JEROME WHITESENIOR RESEARCHERWADHWANI AI

[email protected]