workshop on the future of superheavy element research february 17 - 18, 2004 gesellschaft f ü r...

Workshop onThe Future

ofSuperheavy Element Research

February 17 - 18, 2004

Gesellschaft für SchwerionenforschungDarmstadt, Germany

116

115

114

113

112

111

DsMt

HsBh

SgDbRfLrNoMd

EsCf

Fm

One End of Nuclear Chart

162

152

SF+ or EC-

170

176

208Pb + 64Ni → 271Ds + n

209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n209Bi + 70Zn →

RILAC Facility

18GHz ECR Ion Source

RFQ-Linac

CSM　 Acc. Tanks RILAC Acc. Tanks

GARIS

CSM Dec. Tank

Moved from RRC to RILAC facility

Layout of the RI Beam Factory (RIBF)

0 1 2(m)

D1 Q1 Q2 D2

Heガス導入差動排気システム入射ビーム

回転式標的

弾性散乱によるビーム強度モニター半導体検出器　（真空領域）

マイラフォイル入射ビームの軌道ビームストッパー（ Ta）

目的とするイオンの軌道

Gas-filled recoil separator （気体充填型反跳分離装置）Heガスの領域

RIKEN

MCP1MCP2

SSD box

PSD

ions

Focal Plane Detectors

New Rotating Target = 300 mm, = 2000 rpmcf. old one = 125 mm, = 1000 rpm

Tested with 1pA 86Kr beam

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

45 10 15 20 25 30

(v/v0)Z1/3

q eq

Bohr’s

theo

rem

208Pb

209Bi

169Tm

208Pb

209Bi

198At

192Bi

265Hs

209Bi

208Pb

212Ac

234Bk

245Fm

255Lr254No

204Fr

203Fr

271110272111

v0: Bohr velocity

system　 E B E B E B

MeV 　 Tm MeV 　 Tm MeV 　 Tm

208Pb + 58Fe 281 0.1020

0.708

191.6

0.0445 1.55 61.2

7 0.0222 2.05

208Pb + 64Ni 309 0.1018

0.724

222.4

0.0479 1.52 72.7

1 0.0240 2.08

208Pb + 70Zn 345 0.1029

0.746

260.0

0.0518 1.49 86.8

7 0.0259 2.11

projectile target recoil compound nucleus

Ep/Ecn Er/Ecn p/cn r/cn Bp/Bcn Br/Bcn

4.586 3.128 4.586 2.000 0.346 0.759 4.250 3.059 4.250 2.000 0.348 0.732 3.971 2.993 3.971 2.000 0.354 0.707

energy separator velocity separator gas-filled separator

272110271110

267Hs

263Sg

259Rf

255No

251Fm

255Md

1

2

3

4

5

208Pb + 64Ni → 271Ds + n

11

1110

10

10

9

9

9

9

98

8

8

7

1

2

3

4

5

11

11

1110

8

8

E (MeV)

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

Cou

nts/

100k

eV

1

2

3

4

5

Tdecay

Cou

nts/

bin 0

1000s10s0.1s1ms

5

05 1000s10s0.1s1ms

1000s10s0.1s1ms

1000s10s0.1s1ms

1000s10s0.1s1ms

5

0

5

0

5

0

10s

a b

=2.9ms =120ms

=77ms

=1.0s

=3.7s

=220s

Nuclei nRIKEN nGSI T1/2

271110 11 11 1.63+0.44-0.29

ms improved

271m110 3 2 69+56-21

ms confirmed

267Hs 12 13 52+13- 8

ms improved

267mHs 1 0 0.80+3.8-0.38

s possible

Eopt(64Ni) = 314 MeV

Eopt(cm) = 240 MeV

Summary of 208Pb + 64Ni → 271110 + n reaction

273111272111

268Mt

264Bh

260Db

256Lr

252Md

256No

1 (14)

2 (14)

3 (12)

4 (11)

5

5

SF (2)

SF (1)

209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n

273111272111

268Mt

264Bh

260Db

256Lr

252Md

256No

1 (14)

2 (14)

3 (12)

4 (11)

5

5

260Rf

264Sg

SF (2)

SF (1)

possibility not excluded experimentally

209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

Cou

nts

/ bin 0

5

0

5

0

5

Cou

nts

/ 100

keV

E α / MeV

0

5

8 9 10 11 120

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

10000s100s1s10ms100s

Tdecay

254Md ← 256Lr ← 260Db ← 264Bh ← 268Mt ← 272111

=5.5ms

=30ms

=1.3s

=8.2s

=26s

RIKEN GSI

Nuclei n T1/2E Efiss. n T1/2

EMeVMeV

272111 14 3.8+1.4- 0.8 ms 10.2~11.56 6 1.6

+1.1-0.5 ms 10.8~11.05

268Mt 14 21+8- 5 ms 9.4~10.77 6 42

+29-12 ms 10.1~10.3

264Bh 14 0.89+0.31- 0.19 s 8.86~9.83

208206

6 1.0+0.7-0.3 s 9.1~9.6

260Db 12 5.7+2.3- 1.3 s 8.35~9.4 231 6 2.6

+1.8-0.8 s 9.1~9.2

256Lr 8 18+10- 5 s 8.35~8.65 4 33

+27-10 s 8.4~8.5

Eopt(64Ni) = 319 MeV

Eopt(cm) = 244 MeV

Summary of 209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n reaction

period 9/5/2003 ～ 12/29/2003Beam Energy 5.03 AMeV

348 MeV at target half depth

Total Dose 1.21x1019

Target Thickness 1.37x1018 /cm2 (0.48 mg/cm2)_GARIS 0.8 (assumption)(1-ev.) 7.5x10-38 cm2

upper limit (1) 1.38x10-37 cm2

Irradiation time 1390 Hours (58 Days / 74 Days)Beam Intensity 2.42x1012 /s (0.4 p-A)

Summary of 209Bi + 70Zn experiment

100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114

Atomic Number

1b

1nb

10nb

100nb

100pb

10pb

1pb

0.1pb

208Pb,209Bi(HI,1n) reaction

present work

0.0E+00

2.0E+18

4.0E+18

6.0E+18

8.0E+18

1.0E+19

1.2E+19

1.4E+19

9/ 5 9/ 19 10/ 3 10/ 17 10/ 31 11/ 14 11/ 28 12/ 12 12/ 26

0.0E+00

1.0E+122.0E+12

3.0E+124.0E+12

5.0E+12

9/ 5 9/ 19 10/ 3 10/ 17 10/ 31 11/ 14 11/ 28 12/ 12 12/ 26Date

Dose

/sec

Z

Ecm（ Me

V)Ex (MeV)

KUTY Møller My & Sw

110 240.1 13.2 17.4 16.0 111 244.2 14.1 18.0 16.4

112

113 261.1 12.5 15.5 13.8

Z

Ecm（ Me

V)Ex (MeV) Ecm – E2nd_fission 　（ MeV)

KUTY Møller My & Sw KUTY Møller My & Sw

110 240.1 13.2 17.4 16.0 -0.1 2.9 1.4111 244.2 14.1 18.0 16.4 0.7 3.6 1.9

112

113 261.1 12.5 15.5 13.8 -0.5 2.5 0.7

K. Morimoto RIKEND. Kaji CNSH. Haba RIKENE. Ideguchi RIKENR. Kanumgo RIKENK. Katori RIKENH. Koura RIKENT. Ohnishi RIKENA. Ozawa RIKENT. Suda RIKENI. Tanihata RIKENA. Yoneda RIKENA. Yoshida RIKEN

H. Kudo Niigata U.K. Sueki Univ. of TsukubaF. Tokanai Yamagata U.H. Xu IMP LanzhouY.-L. Zhao IHEP BeijingT. Zeng Peking U.A. V. Yeremin FLNR JINRJ. Peter Caen/GANIL

February 17, 2004FEST COLLOQUIUM ： On the Occasion of Sigurd Hofmann’s 60th BirthdayWhat Do We Know about SHE - Expectations and Reality Yuri Oganess

ian

February 18, 2004Chair: Gottfried Münzenberg Welcome Walter Henni

ng

Theory of Superheavy Nuclei: Old and New - Open Problems Walter Greiner

Chemistry of Spherical Superheavy Elements - The Road to Success Heinz Gäggeler

Superheavy Element Research at Berkeley Ken Gregorich

Possibilities of the RF Nuclear Center Arzamas-16´ in Producing Pure Actinide Isotopes for Science and Applications Stanislav Ves

novskiiIn Beam Studies of SHE at High Beam Intensities Matti Leino

Superheavy-Element Experiments at RIKEN Kosuke Morita

Studies of SHE at GANIL Christelle Stodel

Heavy Element Research at IMP Lanzhou Wenlong Zhan

Heavy Element Research with Laser Spectroscopy and Buffer Gas Traps Hartmut Backe

Efficient Production of Intensive Beams of Rare Isotopes Georgy Gulbekian

Steps towards an Optimized Linac for SHE Production at GSI Ulrich Ratzinger

Studies of SHE at High Beam Intensities Sigurd Hofmann

Closing Remarks Walter Henning

GSI SHIP

JINR/FLNR DUBNAGas-Filled Separator

JINR/FLNR DUBNA

LBNL BGS

GANIL LISE (Wien Filter)

Equilibrium charge state

456789

101112131415161718192021

5 10 15 20 25 30

(v/ v0)Z1/ 3

q eq

Z=110に対する計算値

468

101214161820

5 10 15 20 25 30

Exp.Cal.BohrEmp.

(v/v0)Z1/3

q eq

2004年 1月 9日於京都大学理学部物理学第二教室

PbBi

PoAtRn

FrRa

AcTh

PaU

NpPu

AmCmBk

CfEsFm

MdNo

LrRfDb

SgBh

HsMt

110111 112

113

169Tm(40Ar,5n)204Fr169Tm(40Ar,6n)203Fr169Tm(48Ca,5n)212Ac208Pb(40Ar,3n)245Fm208Pb(48Ca,2n)254No209Bi(48Ca,2n)255Lr

140Ce(58Fe,p5n)192Bi140Ce(64Ni,p5n)198At208Pb(58Fe,n)265Hs208Pb(64Ni,n)271110209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5v/v0

Tran

smis

sion

Experimental conditions

Beam 64Ni 0.4 ～ 1 pATotal dose 4.0 x 1018

Target 208Pb 190 ～ 250 g/cm2 (98% enriched) evaporated on 30 g/cm2 Ccovered by 10 g/cm2 C

B (GARIS) 2.05 Tm

P (GARIS) 75 Pa

Counting rate 10 ～ 20 cps

Summary of the measurement in year 2002.

208Pb(64Ni,n)271110 reaction

date days Ein Dose (1018)

numberof events

Tav

(g/cm2)

(pb)

12.07- 25.07 14 310 1.0 1 230 1.8 +4.1 -1.5

25.07- 01.08 8 313 0.6 3 250 9.0 +8.1 -5.1

19.09- 22.09 4 313 0.4 1 190 6.4 +15 -5.3

24.09- 28.09 5 316 0.9 7 220 16 +8.3 -6

28.09- 01.10 4 320 0.4 0 210 < 9.0

09.11- 11.11 3 320 0.6 0 210 < 6.4

11.11- 12.11 2 316 0.2 2 230 19 +26 -13

Ein :energy from the accelerator. Tav: average target thickness

Total 40 4.0 14

2004年 1月 9日於京都大学理学部物理学第二教室

12345

7 8 9 10 11E (MeV)

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10

102

103

10-5

T dec

ay (s

)

(p

b)

E(64Ni) /MeV

RIKEN

GSI

208Pb + 64Ni → 271110 + n

statistical (1)

errors

energy loss in the target

05

10152025303540

300 305 310 315 320 325

1 271110 2 267Hs 3 263Sg 4 259Rf 5 255No

Ep T E T E T E T E T E

# MeV ms MeV ms MeV ms MeV s MeV s MeV

1 Ju 310 7.54 9.91 b 40.19 9.83 a 2.56 9.16 b 13.82 8.78 a 411.2 8.78 b

2 Ju 313 2.20 10.73 a 68.40 9.82 a 17.6 8.56 b 3.13 8.87 a 394.7 8.87 a

3 Ju 313 46.0 10.44 a 1158.6 9.73 a 5998.9 9.31 a

4 Ju 313 87.1 10.33 a

5 Sp 316 4.63 10.73 b 172.3 9.82 b 675.0 9.13 a 3.62 8.89 a 0.82 8.89 a

6 Sp 316 238.7 10.71 a 65.98 9.86 b 48.65 9.09 b 2.71 8.76 b 58.4 8.76 a

7 Sp 316 1.74 10.47 b 159.4 9.97 b 718.7 9.04 a 0.43 8.87 b 241.5 8.87 a

8 Sp 316 1.36 10.48 b 11.72 9.82 a 404.0 9.15 b 1.16 8.88 a 167.2 8.88 b

9 Sp 316 1.31 10.51 b 58.96 9.83 b 959.0 8.83 a 2.14 8.42 a

10 Sp 316 0.057 10.73 a 147.4 9.83 a 1322.5 9.19 b 9.14 8.90 a

11 Sp 316 3.59 10.63 a 18.00 9.68 b 430.0 9.23 a 0.63 8.94 b 296.9 8.94 b

12 Sp 316 3.80 10.65 b 39.38 9.89 a 650.3 9.30 b 0.41 8.86 a

13 No 316 1.69 10.70 a 101.68 9.90 b 385.9 9.23 a

14 No 316 0.92 10.69 a 46.53 9.91 a 1751.0 9.30 b 3.44 5.94 b

Experimental conditions

Beam 64Ni 0.7 ～ 1.8 pATotal dose 1.30 x 1019

Target 209Bi 210 ～ 310 g/cm2 evaporated on 30 g/cm2 Ccovered by 10 g/cm2 C

B (GARIS) 2.05 Tm

P (GARIS) 75 Pa

Counting rate 2 ～ 10 cps

Summary of the measurement in year 2003.

209Bi(64Ni,n)272111 reaction

date days EinDose (1018) n

Tav

(g/cm2)

(pb)

12.02- 25.02 14 323 3.2 3 310 1.4 +1.2- 0.8

26.02- 28.02 3 323 1.0 2 270 3.2 +4.3- 2.1

07.04- 19.05 13 323 2.5 4 290 2.4 +1.8- 1.2

23.04- 30.04 8 326 2.5 0 300 < 1.1

30.04- 08.05 8 320 2.0 3 250 2.6 +2.3- 1.5

09.05- 12.05 4 323 1.5 2 280 2.1 +2.7- 1.3

Ein :energy from the accelerator. Tav: average target thickness

Total 50 12.6 14

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md

17-Feb-2003

4.4 ms11.04 MeV (PSD)

13.0 ms10.68 MeV (PSD)

1.45 s9.60 MeV (PSD)

10.88 s9.05 MeV (PSD)

21.9 s8.37 MeV (PSD)

Eproj=323MeV

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md

17-Feb-2003

11.0 ms11.08 MeV (PSD+SSD)

9.2 ms10.36 MeV (PSD)

1.38 s9.81 MeV (PSD+SSD)




CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md20-Feb-2003

122 ms1.12 MeV (PSD) escape

21.8 ms9.85 MeV (PSD)

0.51 s9.34 MeV (PSD)

33.5 s8.65 MeV (PSD)

209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

1st

2nd 3rd

CN272111

268Mt

260Db

264Bh

26-Feb-2003


0.715 ms10.28 MeV (PSD)

0.54 s9.57 MeV (PSD)

1.71 s231 MeV (PSD+SSD)

Eproj=323MeV

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

26-Feb-2003

1.42 ms11.25 MeV (PSD)



1.52 s9.40 MeV (PSD)

2.82 ms11.31 MeV (LG)

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

8-Apr-2003

44 ms10.78 MeV (PSD+SSD)

0.44 s9.58 MeV (PSD)

48.46 s8.81 MeV (PSD)

209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

S.F.

6th5th

4th

CN272111

268Mt

264Bh

15-Apr-2003


26.18 ms2.76 MeV (PSD)esc

0.97 s208 MeV (PSD)

Eproj=323MeV

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md

14-Apr-2003

1.17 ms10.58 MeV (LG)

38.33 ms10.35 MeV (PSD)

3.6 ms9.31 MeV (PSD)

4.87 s9.01 MeV (PSD)

45.84 s8.50 MeV (PSD)

5.11 ms11.06 MeV (PSD)

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md16-Apr-2003

19.1 ms10.43 MeV (PSD)

1.34 s9.50 MeV (PSD)

3.69 s9.10 MeV (PSD)

7.87 s8.41 MeV (PSD)

209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

S.F.

9th

8th

7th

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

5-May-2003


32.4 ms10.34 MeV (PSD)


21.04 s8.503 MeV (PSD)

Eproj=320MeV

30-Apr-2003


CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md5-May-2003

35.5 ms10.58 MeV (PSD)

1.0 s9.85 MeV (PSD)

1.14 s9.14 MeV (PSD)


209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

CN272111

268Mt

264Bh

1.0 ms10.21 MeV (PSD)


4.93 s206 MeV (PSD+SSD)

S.F.

12th11th

10th

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh

252Md

12-May-2003


3.35 ms10.28 MeV (PSD)

0.81 s9.63 MeV (PSD)

2.42s9.131 MeV (PSD+SSD)

6.85 s8.63 MeV (PSD)

Eproj=323MeV 8-May-2003

CN272111

268Mt

256Lr

260Db

264Bh


37.2 ms9.40 MeV (PSD)


0.33 s8.29MeV (PSD+SSD)

209Bi(64Ni,n)272111

14th

13th

272111 excitation fnction

- 1.00.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

305.0 310.0 315.0 320.0 325.0 330.0Elab (MeV)

(pb)

GSIRIKEN

1

2

3

4

5

8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10

102T d

ecay

(s)

E (MeV)

254Md ← 256Lr ← 260Db ← 264Bh ← 268Mt ← 272111

main062 strip #10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 50 100 150TOF (ns)

Elg

(MeV

)

272110* 273111*

CN Q-value Exopt. CN Q-value Exopt.

MeV MeV MeV MeV

KUTY -227.0 13 -230.1 13.9

Møller 95 -222.7 17.3 -226.2 17.8

My. & Sw. 96 -224.1 15.9 -227.8 16.2

Optimum excitation energies for 1n evaporation channel

213 F

r 6.7

75 M

eV 4

p tr

ansf

er

211 P

o 7.

450

MeV

pn

tran

sfer

211m

Po 7

.275

MeV

pn

tran

sfer

212 A

t 7.6

79 M

eV 2

pn tr

ansf

er

212m

At 7

.837

,7.8

97 M

eV 2

pn tr

ansf

er21

3 Rn

8.08

8 M

eV 3

pn tr

ansf

er

214 F

r 8.4

26 M

eV 4

pn tr

ansf

er21

4mFr

8.5

46, 8

.478

MeV

4pn

tran

sfer

199 A

t 6.6

43 M

eV p

4n e

vap.

196 P

o 6.

520

MeV

4n

eva

p.

197 P

o 6.

281

MeV

3n

eva

p.19

8 Po

6.18

2 M

eV

199 P

o 6.

058

MeV

200 P

o 5.

862

MeV

197m

Po 6

.383

MeV

5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.5E (MeV)

400

300

200

100

0

Cou

nts/

10ke

V

140Ce + 64Ni evaporation residues 209Bi + 64Ni transfer products

209Bi Nat.Ce

64Nito GARIS

system check &energy calibration

RARF_PAC 02Jul2003

workshop on the future of superheavy element research february 17 - 18, 2004 gesellschaft f ü r...

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