workshop for the definition and adoption of a methodological
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Fabrice Gouriveau - CTFC
Component 1
Workshop for the definition and adoption of a methodological approach to carry out climate change vulnerability studies
28-30 May 2013, Solsona, Spain
FFEM Project “Optimizing the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forest ecosystems in a context of global change”
FLUXPYR - Global Change in the Pyrenees www.fluxpyr.eu
FLUXPYR (2009 – 2012) (INTERREG IVA - POCTEFA)
11 partners from Spain, France, Andorra - Coordinator: CTFC
Budget: 2.2 M € (EU-ERDF, Generalitat de Catalunya , Région Midi-Pyrénées)
1.Build a trans-border network of infrastructures & multidisciplinary experts to study carbon, water & energy fluxes in Pyrenean agro-ecosystem & develop methodologies/tools to study the interactions between ecosystems & climate/land-use changes.
2.Create & exchange knowledge, expertise, data & train students, technicians, researchers.
3.Combine flux measurements, meteorological data, remote sensing & modelling to produce GHG balances, climate scenarios, maps (land & snow cover, soil C...).
4. Guide CC mitigation & adaptation strategies.
5.Raise awareness among citizens about GC causes/consequences & ways to face it.
FLUXPYR = First network to cover both sides of the Pyrenees
OBJECTIVES
Important changes take place in the Pyrenees…
• Temperature: + 1.1 C since 1900 (MeteoFrance/ONERC, 2007)
• Plants climbed 3 m/yr between 1971-1993 (forest species: 64 m) (INRA, 2008)
• Earlier grape picking (15 d) in Banyuls, Oriental Pyrenees (ARPE, 2009)
• Decrease in no. of days with snow cover (10-15) (1971-2008) (DDE, 2008)
• Shrinkage of glaciers since 1850 (France: 85%, Spain: 65%) (Association Moraine, 2009)
= Atmospheric, climatic, land use, socioeconomic changes, etc.
Mountains : particularly sensitive ecosystems - 1st to be impacted by CC!
THE 12 PARTNERS & THEIR EXPERTISE
Ground studies/ecology, meteorology, atmospheric studies, remote sensing, socioeconomics…
HAUT-VICDESSOS (Ariège)
Hydrological stations: water fluxes (e.g. Vicdessos – Ariège, GEODE)
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ECOSYSTEM STUDIES
Vegetation sampling (diversity, biomass)
Respiration, photosynthesis & GHG measurements (photoacoustic/Li840)
Soil profiles & sampling
Studies of vegetation, soil and greenhouse gases…
What do we do with the flux data?
Net CO2 fluxes at 2 agricultural sites near Toulouse.
CO2 FLUX < 0 = CO2 absorption (day, full cover)
CO2 FLUX > 0 = net CO2 emission (no cover / respiration > photosynthesis).
The effects of farming practices are visible (CESBIO).
CO2 profiles at different altitudes (IC3) Regional atmospheric CO2 conc., high
tower of La Muela (IC3)
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ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES
Portable air sampling system (IC3)
Snow cover (CESBIO)
Land cover map (CESBIO)
40%
2%
Soil humidity map – TerraSAR-X
(Baup, CESBIO)
REMOTE SENSING - SATELLITE STUDIES
• Characterize geographical structures & ecosystems dynamics. • Upscale CO2 f luxes (plot > region > continent > global).
LANDSAT, SPOT, MODIS, Pleiades, FORMOSAT ; Radar: ENVISAT, TerraSAR-X
Snow cover probability (CESBIO)
Remote Sensing - UAV, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle” • CIR cameras (“Colour Infrared”) • Thermal cameras • GPS
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SOCIO-ECONOMY – TERRITORIAL APPROACH
Perceptions of mountain farmers/pastoralists on the consequences of CC on ecosystems & activities – how do they adapt to CC ?
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ÉLÉMENTS
NATURELS (CONDITIONS MÉTÉO)
Décalage des saisons
Augmentation des phénomènes extrêmes
Modification régime hydrique (moins de pluie et/ou modification de
répartition, moins de neige), températures (écarts brutaux,
augmentation), vent (orientation, puissance), rayonnement solaire/
évaporation…
PRODUCTIONS
AGRICOLES
Impact sur troupeaux (épidémies, parasites), prairies/fourrages
(attaques de chenilles, mauvaises herbes), cultures (brûlures sur
fruits, maturation précoce du raisin)
ENVIRONNEMENT
NATUREL
Impacts sur rivières (baisse du niveau, crues + importantes/courtes),
sources (tarissement en haute altitude), faune (oiseaux migrateurs
sédentaires, cigales en montagnes), arbres et forêts (dessèchement,
maladies)
What can be capitalized & used in the Mediterranean context?
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• Networking & long term collaboration (sharing data, experiences, resources).
• Common methodologies, harmonized protocols, techniques, tools.
• Data collection & management, analysis, modelling…
Observatoire Pyrénéen du Changement Climatique (www.opcc-ctp.org) (Communauté de Travail des Pyrénées)
Study on adaptation to climate change in the Pyrenees
- Vulnerability study at Pyrenean Scale. - State of CC adaptation in Pyrenees & European mountains. - Recommendations to integrate CC in socioeconomic activities.
Tourism, agriculture/livestock, forests, water, biodiversity, natural risks, health, infrastructures, industry, energy.