Working for peace in the Middle East

EQ:EQ:

Why did America get involved Why did America get involved in efforts to bring peace to in efforts to bring peace to

the Middle East (Persian Gulf the Middle East (Persian Gulf War)? War)?

Middle East: Area rich in oil that the U.S. began

paying more attention to concerning

foreign policies One major conflict in the Middle East centers One major conflict in the Middle East centers

around control of an area called around control of an area called Palestine.Palestine.

Arabs and Jews have lived in this strip of land Arabs and Jews have lived in this strip of land on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea for on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea for thousands of years. It’s been under the thousands of years. It’s been under the control of many different rulers.control of many different rulers.

In 1947, the UN divided Palestine into a Jewish In 1947, the UN divided Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state. state and an Arab state. The The Jews acceptedJews accepted the decision and the decision and

established the state of established the state of IsraelIsrael. . The The Arab countries rejectedArab countries rejected the land the land

division plan and division plan and attacked Israelattacked Israel in 1948. in 1948.

Israel won the warIsrael won the war and took over much of the and took over much of the land in the Arab state. land in the Arab state.

Since then, there has been continual conflict in Since then, there has been continual conflict in the Middle East.the Middle East.

Palestine

Israel

The U.S. government has made several attempts to bring peace to the Middle East

1978:1978: President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and Egyptian Prime Minister Begin, and Egyptian Prime Minister Sadat met at Camp David in Minister Sadat met at Camp David in Maryland. This meeting led to a 1979 Maryland. This meeting led to a 1979 peace treaty at the White Housepeace treaty at the White House

1993:1993: President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Rabin, and Palestinian leader Minister Rabin, and Palestinian leader Arafat met at the White House. A peace Arafat met at the White House. A peace accord was signed.accord was signed.

2000:2000: President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Barak and Palestinian leader Minister Barak and Palestinian leader Arafat met at Camp David. They never Arafat met at Camp David. They never reached a final agreement. reached a final agreement.

War in the Persian Gulf The U.S. became involved in the The U.S. became involved in the Persian Gulf War Persian Gulf War in in

1991.1991. Troops under Troops under Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein, , the dictator of the dictator of

IraqIraq, invaded the neighboring country of , invaded the neighboring country of KuwaitKuwait. . Hussein wanted to control Kuwait’s many oil fields. Hussein wanted to control Kuwait’s many oil fields. The UN told Hussein to withdraw his forces, but he The UN told Hussein to withdraw his forces, but he

refused. refused. The The U.S. fought against IraqU.S. fought against Iraq in the Persian Gulf War in the Persian Gulf War

George Bush asked other countries in the UN to form a coalition to

stop Iraq.

Persian Gulf War

Invasion and bombing by a force led by Invasion and bombing by a force led by the US to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi the US to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi invasioninvasion

Iraq

Kuwait

Operation Desert Storm The United States military led a group of other nationsThe United States military led a group of other nations

(called a coalition) (called a coalition) to recapture Kuwait from Iraq to recapture Kuwait from Iraq controlcontrol. .

American aircraft pounded Iraq while ground forces American aircraft pounded Iraq while ground forces quickly forced Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.quickly forced Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.

The conflict was over in 6 weeks and Hussein remained The conflict was over in 6 weeks and Hussein remained in power which worried leaders in the US in the years to in power which worried leaders in the US in the years to come.come.

1.1. Name the American presidents who Name the American presidents who have been involved in historic peace have been involved in historic peace negotiations between the Arabs and negotiations between the Arabs and Israelis.Israelis.

2. Conflict in the Middle East centers 2. Conflict in the Middle East centers around control of:around control of:

a. Egypt b. Israel c. Palestinea. Egypt b. Israel c. Palestine

3. With what country did the U.S. fight 3. With what country did the U.S. fight against in the Persian War?against in the Persian War?

a.a. Kuwait b. AfghanistanKuwait b. Afghanistanc. Iraqc. Iraq

4.4. Why did America get involved in Why did America get involved in efforts to bring Peace to the Middle efforts to bring Peace to the Middle East?East?