working document 49 - dicomdicom.nema.org/dicom/supps/sup49_pc.doc · web viewsequences starting...

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

Supplement 49:

Enhanced MR Image Storage SOP Class

Prepared by:

DICOM Standards Committee, Working Group 16

1300 N. 17th Street

Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 USA

VERSION: 27 Public Comment, 1 February, 2001

Please send comments to Howard Clark, NEMA ([email protected])

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Table of Contents

Foreword..................................................................................................................................................... vSupplement 49: Enhanced MR Image Storage SOP Class...........................................................................1

I.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1I.2 GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL................................................................................1I.3 PARTS OF STANDARD THAT ARE AFFECTED..............................................................................2I.4 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION............................................................................................2I.5 PUBLIC COMMENT ISSUES:...........................................................................................................2I.6 EXPLANATION OF GROUPING CRITERIA.....................................................................................5

Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.3-1999................................................................................8A.1.4 Overview of the Composite IOD Module Content..................................................................10A.27.4 Digital X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDs.........................11A.28.4 Digital Mammography X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDs.11A.29.4 Digital Intra-Oral X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDs.........12

A.X ENHANCED MR INFORMATION OBJECT DEFINITIONS............................................................13A.X.1 Enhanced MR Image Information Object Definition...............................................................13

A.X.1.1 Enhanced MR Image IOD Description..........................................................13A.X.1.2 Enhanced MR Image Entity-Relationship Model...........................................13A.X.1.3 Enhanced MR Image IOD Module Table......................................................13A.X.1.4 Enhanced MR Image IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context Ids. . .14

A.X.2 MR Spectroscopy Information Object Definition....................................................................15A.X.2.1 MR Spectroscopy IOD Description...............................................................15A.X.2.2 MR Spectroscopy entity-relationship model..................................................15

A.X.2.2.1 MR Spectroscopy IE....................................................................................15A.X.2.3 MR Spectroscopy IOD Module Table...........................................................16A.X.2.4 MR Spectroscopy IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDs........17

A.X.3 MR Raw data information object definition............................................................................18A.X.3.1 MR Raw Data IOD Description.....................................................................18A.X.3.2 MR Raw Data entity-relationship model........................................................18

A.X.3.2.1 MR Raw Data IE..........................................................................................18A.X.3.3 MR Raw Data IOD Module Table.................................................................19A.X.2.4 MR Raw Data IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDs..............19

A.X.4 Relationship between Enhanced MR objects........................................................................20C.7 COMMON COMPOSITE IMAGE IOD MODULES..........................................................................21

C.7.6.X General Anatomy Imaged Module................................................................21C.7.6.X.1 General Anatomy Imaged Attribute Descriptions..........................................22

C.7.6.X.1.1 Anatomic Region.............................................................................23C.7.6.X.1.2 Primary Anatomic Structure.............................................................23

C.7.6.X.2 Baseline Context ID.....................................................................................23C.7.6.Y General Multi-frame Header Module.............................................................23

C. 7.6.Y.1 General Multi-frame Header Module Attribute Description...........................24C. 7.6.Y.1.1 Functional Groups Sequences........................................................24C. 7.6.Y.1.2 Multi-Frame Header Sequence.......................................................24

C.8 MODALITY SPECIFIC MODULES................................................................................................26C.8.X Enhanced MR Image...........................................................................................................26

C.8.X.1 Enhanced MR Image Module.......................................................................26C.8.X.1.1 Enhanced MR Image Attribute Description...................................................29

C.8.X.1.1.1 Image Type.....................................................................................29C.8.X.1.1.1.1 Image Type Value 1 – Pixel Data Characteristics.................29C.8.X.1.1.1.2 Image Type Value 2 – Patient Examination Characteristics..29C.8.X.1.1.1.3 Image Type Value 3 – Pixel Presentation............................30C.8.X.1.1.1.4 Image Type Value 4 – Pixel Volumetric Properties...............30

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C.8.X.1.1.1.5 Image Type Value 5 – Volume Based Pixel Calculation Technique................................................................................................31C.8.X.1.1.1.6 Image Type Value 6 – Complex Image Component.............31C.8.X.1.1.1.7 Image Type Value 7 – Acquisition Pixel Contrast.................32C.8.X.1.1.1.8 Image Type Value 8 – Derived Pixel Contrast......................33

C.8.X.1.1.2 Samples Per Pixel...........................................................................34C.8.X.1.1.3 Photometric Interpretation...............................................................34

C.8.X.1.1.3.1 Supplemental Palette Color LUTs........................................35C.8.X.1.1.4 Bits Allocated..................................................................................35C.8.X.1.1.5 Bits Stored......................................................................................36C.8.X.1.1.6 High Bit...........................................................................................36C.8.X.1.1.7 Image Qualification..........................................................................36

C.8.X.2 MR Pulse Sequence Module........................................................................37C.8.X.3 Physiological Synchronization Module..........................................................39C.8.X.4 Enhanced MR Image Multi-frame Header Module........................................41

C.8.X.4.1 Enhanced MR Image Functional Groups Sequences....................................42C.8.X.4.2 General Image FOV Sequence Macro.........................................................43C.8.X.4.3 General Content Sequence Macro...............................................................43C.8.X.4.4 General Plane Position Sequence Macro.....................................................44C.8.X.4.5 General Plane Orientation Sequence Macro................................................45C.8.X.4.6 MR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence Macro.................................45

C.8.X.4.6.1 Relationship Timing Parameters......................................................46C.8.X.4.56.2 Frame Reference Datetime............................................................46

C.8.X.4.7 MR FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro...........................................................47C.8.X.4.8 MR Echo Sequence Macro..........................................................................48C.8.X.4.9 MR Modifier Sequence Macro......................................................................48C.8.X.4.10 Referenced Image Sequence Macro..........................................................52

C.8.X.4.10.1 The use of Reference Image Sequence within MR.........................52C.8.X.4.11 Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence Macro........................................52C.8.X.4.12 Source Image Sequence Macro.................................................................53C.8.X.4.13 MR Receive Coil Sequence Macro.............................................................54C.8.X.4.14 MR Transmit Coil Sequence Macro............................................................55C.8.X.4.15 MR Diffusion Sequence Macro...................................................................56C.8.X.4.16 Physiological Synchronization Sequence Macro.........................................57

C.8.X.4.16.1 Relationship Cardiac Timing Attributes...........................................58C.8.X.4.17 MR Averages Sequence Macro.................................................................58C.8.X.4.18 MR Spatial Saturation Sequence Macro.....................................................59C.8.X.4.19 General Frame Anatomy Sequence Macro.................................................59C.8.X.4.20 General Modality Transformation Module...................................................60

C.8.X.4.20.1 Measured Value Representation....................................................60C.8.X.4.21 MR Metabolic Map Sequence Macro..........................................................61

C.8.X.5 MR Multi-frame Dimension Module...............................................................62C.8.X.5.1 Concatenations, Stations Stacks and Volumes............................................62

C.8.Y MR Spectroscopy Modules..................................................................................................64C.8.Y.1.1 MR Spectroscopy Attribute Multiplicity Ordering...........................................68

C.8.Y.2 MR Spectroscopy Pulse Sequence Module..................................................70C.8.Y.3. MR Spectroscopy Multi-frame Header.........................................................72C.8.Y.3.1 MR Spectroscopy Functional Group Sequences........................................73

C.8.Y.3.2 MR Spectroscopy FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro.....................................74C.8.Y.3.3 MR Spectroscopy Modifier Sequence..........................................................75

C.8.Y.5 MR Spectroscopy Data Module....................................................................77C.8.Y.8.1 Spectroscopic Data.....................................................................................77

C.X RAW DATA SPECIFIC MODULES...............................................................................................78C.X.1 Raw Data Module................................................................................................................78

C.X.1.1 Creator - Version UID..................................................................................79C.X.1.2 Raw Data....................................................................................................79

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Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.4-1999...............................................................................80B.5 STANDARD SOP CLASSES.........................................................................................................81I.4 MEDIA STORAGE SOP CLASS.....................................................................................................81

Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.5-1999...............................................................................826.4 VALUE MULTIPLICITY (VM) AND DELIMITATION.......................................................................83

7.1.2 Data Element Structure With Explicit VR...............................................................................837.3 BIG ENDIAN VERSUS LITTLE ENDIAN BYTE ORDERING..........................................................84

Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.6-1999...............................................................................85Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.11-1999.............................................................................91Annex X (Normative) - MR Enhanced Image Application Profiles................................................................92

X.1 PROFILE IDENTIFICATION.........................................................................................................92X.2 CLINICAL CONTEXT....................................................................................................................92

X.2.1 Roles and Service Class Options..........................................................................................92X.2.1.1 File Set Creator............................................................................................92X.2.1.2 File Set Reader............................................................................................93X.2.1.3 File Set Updater...........................................................................................93

X.3 STD-MR PROFILES...................................................................................................................... 93X.3.1 SOP Classes and Transfer Syntaxes....................................................................................93X.3.2 Physical Medium And Medium Format..................................................................................94X.3.3 Directory Information in DICOMDIR......................................................................................94

X.3.3.1 Additional Keys............................................................................................94X.3.3.2 Localizer Related Attributes..........................................................................94X.3.3.3 Icon Images.................................................................................................95

X.3.4 Other Parameters................................................................................................................. 95Index......................................................................................................................................................... 96

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Standard DICOM foreword - will remain unchanged in DICOM part 3 Foreword

This Supplement has been prepared by the DICOM Working Group 16 according to the procedures of the DICOM Committee.

Foreword

The American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) formed a joint committee to develop a standard for Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM). This DICOM Standard was developed according to the NEMA procedures.

This Standard is developed in liaison with other standardization organizations including CEN TC251 in Europe and JIRA in Japan, with review also by other organizations including IEEE, HL7 and ANSI in the USA.

The DICOM Standard is structured as a multi-part document using the guidelines established in the following document:

- ISO/IEC Directives, 1989 Part 3: Drafting and Presentation of International Standards.

This document is a Supplement to the DICOM Standard. It is an extension to Part 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11 of the published DICOM Standard which consists of the following parts:

PS 3.1 - Introduction and OverviewPS 3.2 - ConformancePS 3.3 - Information Object DefinitionsPS 3.4 - Service Class SpecificationsPS 3.5 - Data Structures and EncodingPS 3.6 - Data DictionaryPS 3.7 - Message ExchangePS 3.8 - Network Communication Support for Message ExchangePS 3.9 - Point-to-Point Communication Support for Message ExchangePS 3.10 - Media Storage and File Format for Data InterchangePS 3.11 - Media Storage Application ProfilesPS 3.12 - Media Formats and Physical Media for Data InterchangePS 3.13 - Print Management Point-to-Point Communication SupportPS 3.14 - Grayscale Standard Display FunctionPS 3.15 - Security ProfilesPS 3.16 - Templates and Context Groups

These parts are related but independent documents. Their development level and approval status may differ. Additional parts may be added to this multi-part standard. PS 3.1 should be used as the base reference for the current parts of this standard.

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Supplement 49: Enhanced MR Image Storage SOP Class

Introduction - will not appear in final standard

I.1 INTRODUCTION

At this moment the current MR Image IOD provides DICOM compatibility. This enables modalities from different manufacturers to communicate and interpret the transferred data. Although the MR standard has served us well the current MR Image IOD does no longer meets the needs of data storage and transport for a growing number of MR applications.

Acquisition techniques aren’t well characterized in an inter-operable manner, and functionality is missing to support modern applications such as:

- Diffusion Imaging- Functional Imaging- Spectroscopy

I.2 GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL

It is proposed that new objects will be standardized, that:

Contain a more extensive set of descriptive MR attributes. Specify more attributes to be mandatory rather than optional. Use a multi-frame mechanism, which would also serve other modalities. May contain one single image-frame but adhere to the new attribute definitions. Define the use of color for MR images. Define a representation suitable for Multi-frame MR spectroscopy data. Define a representation suitable for MR raw data.

Further the supplement proposes to:

Generalize the DX Anatomy Module so that it can be reused by other modalities (including MR). Better define the relationship between an image (frame) and other objects.

This Supplement defines new MR SOP Classes:

To meet the needs of state of the art MR technology, that has evolved substantially since the existing MR object was standardized in 1993.

To support the storage of MR Spectroscopy data, which has not been supported so far. To support the storage of MR Raw Data, to enable different reconstruction's at a later point in

time.

I.3 PARTS OF STANDARD THAT ARE AFFECTED

Part 3 will require the implementation of:

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Enhanced MR Multi-frame IOD. MR Spectroscopy Multi-frame IOD. MR Raw Data IOD.

Part 4 will require

An Enhanced MR Multi-Frame Storage SOP Class. A MR Spectroscopy Multi-Frame SOP Class. A MR Raw Data SOP Class.

Part 5 will require a new floating point Value Representation.

Part 6 will require an extended Data Dictionary of new MR attributes.

Part 11 will require a new Media Application Profile.

It is not proposed to add new services, messaging or encoding.

I.4 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This Supplement describes the new Magnetic Resonance Storage SOP Classes, which allow the MR Image generating systems to store information on systems, which perform as a MR Storage SCP.

Due to practical considerations the present MR Image IOD will not be retired, however the use of the new IOD is highly encouraged for interoperability purposes.

Since this document proposes changes to existing Parts of DICOM, the reader should have a working understanding of the Standard.

I.5 PUBLIC COMMENT ISSUES:

The Supplement 49 is for public review as presented here. A number of new concepts are worked out for general purpose, keeping in mind that other modalities may want to adopt the same mechanism in a later stage.The DICOM Working Group on the Enhancement of MR has defined a number of specific items for which it solicits the explicit response of the DICOM community in the public comment phase.

Reasons to ask this response are that:

The active members could not oversee the impact of the proposals beyond their own specialization.

The working group members could not reach consensus on the usefulness of the proposed elements or the mechanisms to be used in the proposed standard.

The pre-defined discussion issues are summarized here:

1. Functional grouping of attributes.The proposed Multi-Frame concept requires that attributes that are allowed to change from frame to frame be grouped into macros. For a more detail explanation of grouping see section I.6 (Explanation of grouping criteria) below.In cases where an attribute was likely to vary independently of all other attributes (MR Averages Sequence) or in cases where a varying attribute might indicate complexity to a receiving application (General Plane Orientation Sequence), the element has been placed in its own macro.Although the proposed Multi-frame concept is prepared for use by other modalities as well, the


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actual grouping in most macros is specific to the MR modality.The working group explicitly asks the public to comment on the proposed groupings, both for MR images and for spectroscopy

2. No pointer in Multi-Frame Header.The Multi-frame Concept requires that all attributes within each macro in the frame header shall be repeated for each frame. Although other solutions (like a pointer to another frame with equal parameters) would be a possibility, the MR Working Group feels that the method that is proposed in this supplement provides the most straightforward method that enables a fast and consistent parsing methodology for receiving applications. (See section C.7.6.Y.)

3. Object Context Information.The frames are sent in an implicit frame order.Since objects may become quite large and complex there are two reasons for adding some context information:Firstly the frames may be divided into more objects by the sending application at specific points (e.g. when matrix size changes) but also at more or less arbitrary points (based on disk space, memory size, file size etc.).Secondly the organization of the object may be of interest for receiving applications.

To cover the requirements for context information, the working group has come up with the concept of concatenation of objects described by a module containing the object's dimensions. Additionally the ordering of the object can be specified by the ordinal number of some key-elements. This is done (for MR) by specific index attributes.This will allow the sending application, to send context information of the multidimensional object, without prescribing the presentation.It will further allow receiving applications to sort and display the image set in a consistent way, by applying the indices as sorting keys.This will improve interoperability substantially and it is the feeling of the Working Group that this out-weighs the effect of adding some redundancy in the object.The working group has reached consensus about this item. (See section C.8.X.5.)

4. Mixed image types.The number of values for image type (0008,0008) has been extended up to 8 values, of which the first 4 are not necessarily MR specific.In addition the "image" type may also change per frame. For this a FRAME TYPE attribute has been proposed. This Frame Type Attribute contains the same number of values as the image type.In the case the frame type changes within the object, the corresponding values of the image type will contain the value: MIXED. This alerts and prepares receiving applications of the need to look at the frame type. The working group has reached consensus about this item. (See section C.X.8.1.1.1.)

5. Code table for anatomies. It is unclear if a dedicated code table for anatomies used in the context of MR would be required, and if so, what steps have to be taken to define such a table. (See section C.7.6.X.)

6. Code table for units.It is questioned if a dedicated code table for units used in the context of MR would be required, and if so, what steps have to be taken to define such a table. (See section C.8.X.6.)

7. Type 1 attributes for "derived" images.In order to improve interoperability many (new) attributes are proposed to be of type 1.Not all of these attributes can have a valid representation when applied to derived images, especially when these are derived from images with different image types.


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The working group has not yet found a suitable description for conditions that apply to all of these attributes. Suggestions from the public are welcome.

8. Contrast/Bolus Module.No new Contrast/Bolus Module has been developed at this time.The working group invites the public to comment on the need for a new Contrast/Bolus Module specific for MR.

9. Multi Value Image Type.Image type (0008,0008) has been extended to 8 values with defined terms or enumerated values. (See section C.8.X.1.1.1.)The purpose is to enable Query/Retrieve to select up-front the correct object, without retrieving an unwanted large object.The working group invites Archive vendors to answer the following questions:

9.1. Will the Query service still be effective in your implementation?

9.2. Will your Archive support it?

9.3. Will all characters (for all values that were sent) be returned in the Query Response?

10. Definition of terms for Image Type Value 8.Value 8 of Image Type (Table C.8-X.7) contains a large number of defined pixel contrast terms, which were derived from conformance statements from multiple vendors. The public is invited to provide information in the form of descriptions, defining papers, … that would allow the working group to assure interoperability when using these terms.

11. Documentation Mechanism for Functional Groups.In section C.8.X.4.1 a table has been created to document the presence of Functional Groups as Sequences in either the Common Header or the Multiframe Header.This is documented is sections in which macro's are used.The working group invites the public to comment on the use of this documentation mechanism.

12. Concatenation UID.The introduction of the multiframe image object inherently introduces a relationship between the frames. The grouping of attributes in specific macros is based on this relationship. The relationship between the objects can further be identified by the Series UID alone or additionally by the Concatenation UID.This Concatenation UID would not be required in the standard, when agreement exists that image objects in a series will always be related into one concatenation. In that case the Series UID could simply be used to the relationship. It would, however, prevent systems to add other -not by (the same) concatenation related - image objects to the same series.The working group invites the public to comment on the flexibility and interoperability aspects of the use of the Concatenation UID.

13. Consistency with Cardiac and with Waveform objects.Is the use of (Physiological) Synchronization, in accordance with the latest use of the standard in Cardiology and with Cardiac Waveforms?

14. Modality LUT.The General Modality Transformation Module is introduced as a replacement of the Modality LUT Module. The use of Rescale Slope and Rescale Intercept is heavily promoted for linear transformations of stored values. The question for the public is whether the Look Up Tables are actually used (or will be used in the future) in MR.


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15. Palette Color LUT.As described in Figure C.8-X.1 the additional use of color for MR Images will be made possible.The Image Pixel Module (C7.6.3) in the standard does not allow for a Palette Color LUT for MR, because for MR the image Photometric Interpretation will be restricted to Monochrome2.The working group has NOT reached consensus on the place where the Palette Color LUT should be defined, in the Multi Frame Header or in the Common Header.The public is invited to comment on arguments pro/contra sending color LUTs on a frame by frame basis.

16. Raw Data Object.A MR Raw Data IOD has been added to allow for the storage, networking, and retrieval of raw data even though the definition of the specifics of the raw data is explicitly not defined within the standard. The public is invited to comment on whether this facility is supportable by PACS and other systems and whether there are problems with this approach.

17. DICOMDIR.Is there a need for new and specific DICOMDIR keys for Spectroscopy and/ or Raw Data?

18. Multi-frame organization (volume/ cine).It has been proposed in the working group that another attribute (or image type value) that deals with simple multi-frame organizations would be useful.One should think of defined values like: RealTime – mainly time oriented with many changes possible; CINE – cine loop for single location; VOLUME – 1 frame per slice in the volume; MSMA – multi-slice multi-angle groups (could involve other indexes such as echo as well); SingleSlice – singleThe working group has NOT reached consensus on this issue, and invites the public to comment.

19. Processing steps to be documented per image.It has been proposed in the working group that an additional module could be standardized to identify the post processing steps that were applied to create an image or frame. The steps are required to be listed in the actual order of application.The working group has NOT reached consensus on this issue, and invites the public to comment.

I.6 EXPLANATION OF GROUPING CRITERIA

When considering how to group an attribute, one needs to consider first of all whether an attribute should change within a Multi-frame object or should be considered static. The reasons to consider whether to allow an attribute to change include:

1. The more attributes that change, the more parsing a receiving application has to do in order to determine if the multiframe object has frames the application should deal with. The more choices, the more complex the application becomes, potentially resulting in interoperability problems.

2. The frequency of change of an attribute must also be considered. If an attribute could be changed every frame then obviously it is not a very good candidate for making it fixed, since this would result in a multiframe size of 1.

3. The number of applications that depend on frame level attribute grouping is another consideration. For example, one might imagine a pulse sequence being changed in a real–time acquisition, but the vast majority of acquisitions would leave this constant. Therefore, it was judged not too large


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a burden to force an acquisition device to start a new object when this happens. Obviously, this is a somewhat subjective decision, and one should take a close look at the attributes that are required to be fixed in this document.

4. The attributes from the image pixel module must not change in a multiframe object due to legacy toolkits and implementations (per Working Group 6).

5. The potential frequency of change is dependent on our knowledge of applications both now and likely during the life of this standard. The penalty for failure to allow an attribute to change is rather high since it will be hard/impossible to change later. Making an attribute variable that is static is more complex and could result in more header space usage depending on how it is grouped. Thus there is a trade-off of complexity and potentially header size with not being able to take advantage of the multiframe organization for an application that requires changes per frame.

The potential frequency of change is dependent on our knowledge of applications both now and likely during the life of this standard. The penalty for failure to allow an attribute to change is rather high since it will be hard/impossible to change later. Making an attribute variable that is static is more complex and could result in more header space usage depending on how it is grouped. Thus there is a trade-off of complexity and potentially header size with not being able to take advantage of the multiframe organization for an application that requires changes per frame.

Once it is decided which attributes should be changed within a multiframe object then one needs to consider the criteria for grouping attributes together:

1. Groupings should be designed so those attributes that are likely to vary together should be in the same sequence. The goal is to avoid the case where attributes that are mostly static have to be included in a sequence that is repeated for every frame.

2. Care should be taken so that we define a manageable number of grouping sequences. Too few sequences could result in many static attributes being repeated for each frame, when some other element in their sequence was varying, and too many sequences becomes unwieldy.

3. The groupings should be designed such that modality independent attributes are kept separate from those that are MR specific. This will presumably allow future working groups to reuse the general groupings. It also should allow software that operates on multi-frame objects from multiple objects maximize code reuse.

4. Grouping related attributes together can convey some semantics of the overall contents of the multi-frame object to receiving applications. For instance, if a volumetric application finds the General Image Orientation Sequence present in the Multi-Frame Header Sequence, it may decide to reject the object as inappropriate for volumetric calculations.

Specific notes on attribute grouping choices made by WG 16:

Attributes not allowed to change: Image Pixel Module (due to legacy toolkit concerns); and Pulse Sequence Module attributes (normally do not change except in real-time – it is expected real time applications can handle the complexity and speed of starting new IODs when pulse sequence changes).

Sequences starting with the word “General” could be applied to more modalities than just MR.

All attributes that must be in a frame header were placed in the General Content Sequence Macro.

Position and orientation are in separate sequences since they are changed independently.


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For real-time sequences there are contrast mechanisms that can be applied to base pulse sequences and are turned on and off by the operator depending on the anatomy being imaged and the time/contrast trade-off associated with these. Such modifiers include: IR, flow compensation, spoiled, MT, T2 preparation… These probably are not changed in non-real-time scans. These are all kept in the MR Modifier Sequence Macro.

“Number of Averages” attributes is in its own sequence because real-time applications may start a new averaging process every time a slice position/orientation changes. Each subsequent frame will average with the preceding N frames where N is chosen based on motion and time. Each frame collected at a particular position/orientation will have a different number of averages, but all other attributes are likely to remain the same. This particular application drives this attribute being in its own group. Are there other applications that drive attributes being in their own groups?


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Changes to NEMA Standards Publication PS 3.3-1999


Part 3: Information Object Definitions


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Add MR Spectroscopic IE and Raw Data IE into Figure 7-1a and 7-2a.


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Add in Table A.1-1

A.1.4 Overview of the Composite IOD Module ContentAdd the following column to table A.1-1.

Editors Note: This table will be added later.

Modify in Sections A.26/A.27/A.28

Change the entry concerning the DX Anatomy Imaged Module in the following tables: A.26-1, A.27-1, A.28-1, all the appearances of the "DX Anatomy Imaged" should be changed in "General Anatomy Imaged".

Below an example for the A.26-1 table is given.

Table A.26-1: DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGE IOD MODULES

…… …. ….


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A.27.4 Digital X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDsFor the Digital X-Ray IOD the next Baseline Context IDs are defined:

Table A.27-2BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR DIGITAL X-RAY IOD

GENERAL ANATOMY IMAGED MODULEAttribute Name Baseline Context IDAnatomic Region Sequence 4009Anatomic Region Modifier Sequence 2

Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence 1Primary Anatomic Structure Modifier Sequence 2

A.28.4 Digital Mammography X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDsFor the Digital Mammography X-Ray IOD the next Baseline Context IDs are defined:

Table A.28-2BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY X-RAY IOD



A.29.4 Digital Intra-Oral X-Ray IOD General Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDsFor the Intra-Oral X-Ray IOD the next Baseline Context IDs are defined:

Table A.29-2BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR DIGITAL INTRA-ORAL X-RAY IOD




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Add the following new section to Annex A

A.X ENHANCED MR INFORMATION OBJECT DEFINITIONS

A.X.1 Enhanced MR Image Information Object DefinitionA.X.1.1 Enhanced MR Image IOD Description The Enhanced Magnetic Resonance (MR) Image Information Object Definition (IOD) specifies an image, which has been created by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging device, and is an extension on the one described in A.4.3

A.X.1.2 Enhanced MR Image Entity-Relationship ModelThe E-R Model in section A.1.2 depicts those components of the DICOM Information Model, which directly reference the Enhanced MR Image IOD.

A.X.1.3 Enhanced MR Image IOD Module TableTable A.X-1:

ENHANCED MR IMAGE IOD MODULES IE Module Reference UsagePatient Patient C.7.1.1 M

Specimen Identification C.7.1.2 U

Study General Study C.7.2.1 MPatient Study C.7.2.2 U

Series General Series C.7.3.1 MFrame of Reference

Frame of Reference C.7.4.1 M

Synchronization C.7.4.2 UEquipment General Equipment C.7.5.1 M

Image Image Pixel C.7.6.3 MContrast/Bolus C.7.6.4 C - Required if contrast media was

used in this image(s).

General Anatomy Imaged

C.7.6.X M

Enhanced MR Image C.8.X.1 M

MR Pulse-Sequence C.8.X.2 MPhysiological Synchronization

C.8.X.3 C - Required if Physiological Synchronization was applied to the

image(s).

MR Multi-frame Header

C.8.X.4 M

MR Multi-frame Dimension Module

C.8.X.5 M

VOI LUT C.11.2 MPresentation LUT C.11.4 M

SOP Common C.12.1 M


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A.X.1.4 Enhanced MR Image IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IdsFor the Enhanced MR IOD the next Baseline Context Ids are defined:

Table A.X-2BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR ENHANCED MR IMAGE IOD




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A.X.2 MR Spectroscopy Information Object DefinitionA.X.2.1 MR Spectroscopy IOD Description The MR Spectroscopy Information Object Definition (IOD) specifies an image, which has been created by a magnetic resonance spectroscopic device.

A.X.2.2 MR Spectroscopy entity-relationship modelThe E-R Model for MR Spectroscopy IOD is illustrated in Figure A.X-1.

Figure A.X-1 DICOM MR Spectroscopy IOD Information Model

A.X.2.2.1 MR Spectroscopy IEThe Spectroscopy IE defines the Attributes that describe the data of a MR spectroscopy acquisition created by a magnetic resonance spectroscopy device.


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A.X.2.3 MR Spectroscopy IOD Module TableTable A.X-4:

MR SPECTROSCOPY IOD MODULESIE Module Reference UsagePatient Patient C.7.1.1 M



Series General Series C.7.3.1 M

Frame of Reference


Synchronization C.7.4.2 U

Equipment General Equipment C.7.5.1 MSpectroscopy Contrast/Bolus C.7.6.4 C - Required if contrast media was

used in this acquisition

General Anatomy Imaged

C.7.6.X M

Physiological Synchronization

C.8.3.2.6 C - Required if Physiological Synchronization was during the

acquisition of the spectra.

MR Spectroscopy C.8.Y.1 M

MR Spectroscopy Pulse-Sequence

C.8.Y.2 M

MR Spectroscopy Multi-frame Header

C.8.Y.3 M

MR Multi-frame Dimension Module

C.8.X.5 M

MR Spectroscopic Data

C.8.Y.4 M

SOP Common C.12.1 M

A.X.2.4 MR Spectroscopy IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDsFor the MR Spectroscopic IOD the next Baseline Context IDs are defined:

Table A.X-5BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR MR SPECTROSCOPY IOD

GENERAL ANATOMY IMAGED MODULEAttribute Name Baseline Context IDAnatomic Region Sequence 4009

Anatomic Region Modifier Sequence 2Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence 1

Primary Anatomic Structure Modifier Sequence 2


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A.X.3 MR Raw data information object definitionA.X.3.1 MR Raw Data IOD Description The MR Raw Data Magnetic Resonance (MR) Image Information Object Definition (IOD) specifies raw data, which has been created by a magnetic resonance spectroscopy or imaging device.

A.X.3.2 MR Raw Data entity-relationship modelThe E-R Model in for MR Raw data IOD is illustrated in Figure A.X-2.

Figure A.X-2 DICOM MR Raw Data IOD Information Model

A.X.3.2.1 MR Raw Data IEThe Raw Data IE define the attributes that describe a data set used for further processing to image or other data. Typically used with magnetic resonance systems to reconstruct set of images or Spectroscopy. The format of the raw data is vendor specific.


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A.X.3.3 MR Raw Data IOD Module TableTable A.X-6:

MR RAW DATA IOD MODULES IE Module Reference UsagePatient Patient C.7.1.1 M



Series General Series C.7.3.1 MFrame of Reference


Synchronization C.7.4.2 UEquipment General Equipment C.7.5.1 M

Raw data General Anatomy Imaged

C.7.6.X M

Raw Data C.X.1 M

SOP Common C.12.1 M

A.X.2.4 MR Raw Data IOD Anatomic Imaged Module Baseline Context IDsFor the MR Rae Data IOD the next Baseline Context IDs are defined:

Table A.X-5BASELINE CONTEXT IDS FOR MR RAW DATA IOD

GENERAL ANATOMY IMAGED MODULEAttribute Name Baseline Context IDAnatomic Region Sequence 4009

Anatomic Region Modifier Sequence 2Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence 1

Primary Anatomic Structure Modifier Sequence 2


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A.X.4 Relationship between Enhanced MR objectsFigure A.X-3 shows the relationships between the Enhanced MR objects described in Section A.X.

The Reference Source Sequence attribute, the Referenced Image Sequence attribute, and the Referenced Raw Data Sequence attribute make references from the referring object to the referred object.

Figure A.X-3 Relationship Enhanced MR Objects


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C.7 COMMON COMPOSITE IMAGE IOD MODULES

Change in Section C.7.3.1.1.1 the list of Defined Terms for the Modality attribute

Move the following Defined Terms from the main list to the list of retired Defined Terms:

MA = Magnetic resonance angiographyMS = Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Add the following new sections to C.7

C.7.6.X General Anatomy Imaged ModuleTable C.7-A contains IOD Attributes that describe the general anatomy contained in an IOD.

Table C.7-A GENERAL ANATOMY IMAGED MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionImage Laterality (0020,0062) 1 Laterality of (possibly paired) body part (as

described in Anatomic Region Sequence(0008,2218)) examined.Enumerated Values:

R = rightL = leftU = unpairedB = both left and right

Note: This Attribute is mandatory, in order to ensure that images may be positioned correctly relative to one another for display.

Shall be consistent with any lateralityinformation contained in Primary AnatomicStructure Modifier Sequence (0008,2230),if present.

Note: Laterality (0020,0060) is a Series level Attribute and must be the same for all Images in the Series, hence it must be absent.

Anatomic Region Sequence (0008,2218) 2 Sequence that identifies the anatomic region of interest in this image (i.e. external anatomy, surface anatomy, or general region of the body). This anatomic region is placed on the table or bucky for examination.

Note: It is strongly recommended that this Attribute be sent with a value, in order to ensure that images may be positioned correctly relative to one another for display.

See C.7.6.X.1.1 for further explanation.


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Only a single Item shall be permitted in this Sequence.

>Include 'Code Sequence Macro' Table 8.8-1 For Baseline Context ID see C.7.6.X.2.

>Anatomic Region Modifier Sequence

(0008,2220) 3 Sequence that modifies the anatomic region of interest in this image (i.e. prone, supine, decubitus right).May be present only if Anatomic Region Sequence (0008,2218) is sent.See C.7.6.X.1.1 for further explanation. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.


Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence

(0008,2228) 3 Sequence that identifies the primary anatomic structures of interest in this image.See C.7.6.X.1.2 for further explanation.One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.


>Primary Anatomic Structure Modifier Sequence

(0008,2230) 3 Sequence that modifies the primary anatomic structure of interest in this image.May be present only if Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence (0008,2228) is sent.See C.7.6.X.1.2 for further explanation.One or more Items may be included in thisSequence.


C.7.6.X.1 General Anatomy Imaged Attribute Descriptions The Attributes in this Module extend the function of Body Part Examined (0018,0015) as used in other IODs, and are intended to be used to facilitate the management of images and series in terms of routing, storage and display, as well as to dictate certain Conditions on Attributes and Modules in the IOD.

C.7.6.X.1.1 Anatomic Region The general region of the body (e.g. the anatomic region, organ, or body cavity being examined) may be identified by the Anatomic Region Sequence (0008,2218). Characteristics of the anatomic region being examined may be refined by the Anatomic Region Modifier Sequence (0008,2220).

Note: Coding mechanisms may be defined for specific clinical contexts. The Coding Scheme Designator (0008,0102) may be SNM3. The Code Value (0008,0100) may be drawn from the SNOMED DICOM Microglossary Contexts, or other contexts which are the same or a superset of, the following terms, depending upon the SOP Class in which this module is included.

C.7.6.X.1.2 Primary Anatomic Structure The specific anatomic structures of interest within the image are identified by the Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence (0008,2228). Characteristics of the anatomic structure may be refined by the Primary Anatomic Structure Modifier Sequence (0008,2230).


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C.7.6.X.2 Baseline Context IDThe Baseline Context ID's specified for this attribute are defined with the Information Object Definition specification if the General Anatomy Imaged Module is included in the IOD Module Table of a specific IOD. See Annex A of this Part.

C.7.6.Y General Multi-frame Header Module Table C.7-B specifies the Attributes of a General Multi-frame Module. This module is included in SOP instances even if there is only one frame in the image. This module contains the attributes of all the frames included into the Image Pixel Module.

Table C.7-BGENERAL MULTI-FRAME MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionInclude one or more Functional Group Sequence Macros that are common for all frames. The selected Functional Group Sequences are excluded from the Multi-frame Header Sequence (0008,x124).

See section C.7.6.Y.1.1 for further explanation.An IOD specific table has to be provided that lists the usage of the Functional Groups Sequences.

Multi-frame Header Sequence (0008,x124) 1 Sequence that contains the Functional Groups Sequences corresponding to each Frame of the Multi-frame Image. Each Multi-frame Header Sequence Item corresponds to the frame of the same number.Each Item contains the same set of Functional Groups Sequences.This Sequence shall contain the same number of Items as the number of frames in the Multi-frame image. See Section C. 7.6.Y.1.2 for further explanation.

>Include one or more Functional Group Sequence Macros. An IOD specific table has to be provided that lists the usage of the Functional Groups Sequences.

C. 7.6.Y.1 General Multi-frame Header Module Attribute DescriptionC. 7.6.Y.1.1 Functional Groups SequencesBy definition, Images using the Multi-Frame Module are multi-dimensional Images. A Functional Group Sequence is a set of logically related Attributes that describes one dimension. Only Functional Group Sequences that are varying from Frame to Frame are included in the Multi-Frame Header Sequence (0008,x124)

Functional Groups Sequences that are common for all frames are not included in the Multi-Frame Header Sequence. A single Functional Groups Sequence may not be included as common sequences and also included inside the Multi-Frame Header Sequence.

Functional Group Sequences are defined by each IOD where this module is being used.

C. 7.6.Y.1.2 Multi-Frame Header SequenceThe Multi-Frame Header Sequence Attribute (0008,x124) consists of a Sequence of Items, where each Item is related to the frame of the same rank in the Multi-Frame Image pixel data. The first Multi-


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Frame Header Sequence Item pertains to Frame 1, the second one to Frame 2, etc. Frames are always numbered starting from 1.

Each Item of this Multi-Frame Header Sequence contains the set of Functional Group Sequences for the frame to which the Attributes values of the Functional Group Sequence pertain.

Note: An example presented in a graphical manner provides an overview of the Multi-Frame Header Sequence by Figure C.7-.X.

Figure C.7-X – A Graphical Presentation of the Multi-frame Header structure


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C.8 MODALITY SPECIFIC MODULES

Remove the following section with sub-sections from C.8

C.8.11.2 DX Anatomy Imaged Module

Add the following new sections to C.8

C.8.X Enhanced MR ImageThis section describes the Enhanced MR Image Module.

C.8.X.1 Enhanced MR Image ModuleThis module contains specializations related to the General Image Module.

Table C.8-X.1ENHANCED MR IMAGE MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionInstance Number (0020,0013) 1 A number that identifies this image.

Note: This Attribute was named Image Number in earlier versions of this Standard.

Image Type (0008,0008) 1 Image identification characteristics. See C.8.X.1.1.1 for specialization.

Content Date (0008,0023) 1 The date the acquisition of data was started.

Content Time (0008,0033) 1 The time the acquisition of data was started.

Acquisition Datetime (0008,002A) 1 The date and time that the acquisition of data started.

Note: The synchronization of this time with an external clock is specified in the synchronization Module in Acquisition Time synchronized (0018,1800).

Acquisition Duration (0018,x073) 1 The time in seconds needed to run the prescribed pulse sequence. See C.8.X.4.5.1 for further explanation.

Number of Frames (0028,0008) 1 Number of frames in a Multi-frame Image. See C.7.6.6.1.1 for further explanation.

Referenced Raw Data Sequence (0008,x121) 3 A Sequence which identifies the set of Raw Data SOP Class/Instance pairs of the Raw data which were used to derive this Image. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.

>Referenced SOP Class UID (0008,1150) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Class. Required if Referenced Raw Data Sequence (0008,x121) is sent.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID (0008,1155) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Instance. Required if Reference Raw Data Sequence (0008,x121) is sent.


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Referenced Waveform Sequence (0008,x122) 3 A Sequence which identifies the set of Waveform SOP Class/Instance pairs of the Waveforms which were used in conjunction with this Image. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.

>Referenced SOP Class UID (0008,1150) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Class. Required if Referenced Waveform Sequence (0008,x122) is sent.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID (0008,1155) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Instance. Required if Reference Waveform Sequence (0008,x122) is sent.

Referring Image Evidence Sequence (0008,x092) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances referring to image objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Referred Image Sequence (0008,1140) is used.

>Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3Source Image Evidence Sequence (0008,x154) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances used

as source image objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Source Image Sequence (0008,2112) is used.

Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3MR Spectroscopy Evidence Sequence

(0008,x155) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances used referring to spectroscopy objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence (0008,x120) is used.

Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3Samples per Pixel (0028,0002) 1 Number of samples (planes) in this image.

See C.8.X.1.1.2 for specialization.

Photometric Interpretation (0028,0004) 1 Specifies the intended interpretation of the pixel data. See C.8.X.1.1.3 for specialization.

Bits Allocated (0028,0100) 1 Number of bits allocated for each pixel sample. Each sample shall have the same number of bits allocated. See C.8.X.1.1.4 for specialization.

Bits Stored (0028,0101) 1 Number of bits stored for each pixel sample. Each sample shall have the same


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number of bits stored. See C.8.X.1.1.5 for specialization.

High Bit (0028,0102) 1 Most significant bit for pixel sample data. Each sample shall have the same high bit. See C.8.X.1.1.6 for specialization.

Image Qualification (0018,x004) 1 Image Qualification IndicatorEnumerated Values:

PRODUCTRESEARCHSERVICE

See C.8.X.1.1.7 for further explanation.Resonant Nucleus (0018,x100) 1 Nucleus that is resonant at the transmitter

frequency.Defined Terms:

1H3He7Li13C19F23Na31P129Xe

Magnetic Field Strength (0018,0087) 1 Nominal field strength of MR Magnet, in Tesla.

Derivation Description (0008,2111) 3 A text description of how this image was derived. See C.7.6.1.1.3 for further explanation.

Image Comments (0020,4000) 3 User-defined comments about the imageLossy Image Compression (0028,2110) 3 Specifies whether an Image has

undergone lossy compression. Enumerated Values:

00 = Image has NOT been subjected to lossy compression.

01 = Image has been subjected to lossy compression.

See C.7.6.1.1.5

Lossy Image Compression Ratio (0028,2112) 3 Describes the approximate lossy compression ratio(s) that have been applied to this image.See C.7.6.1.1.5 for further explanation.May be multivalued if successive lossy compression steps have been applied.

Notes: 1. For example, a compression ratio of 30:1 would be described in this Attribute with a single value of 30.2. For historical reasons, the lossy compression ratio should also be described in Derivation Description (0008,2111).


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C.8.X.1.1 Enhanced MR Image Attribute DescriptionC.8.X.1.1.1 Image TypeFor MR Images, Image Type (0008,0008) is specified to be Type 1.

The Image Type attribute classifies the collection of frames of a multi-frame. The same Attribute Values are applicable to the Frame Type (0008,x007) attribute that classifies each individual frame.

Image Type summarizes the information contained in an Enhanced MR Image Object. It contains multiple values with reasonably orthogonal properties that provide key summary information to users of the Enhanced MR IOD. Since such an object contains multiple frames, it is also necessary to identify the information contained in each frame through a Frame Type.

Since the Image Type and Frame Type contain similar information, it is useful to define them together. The values of the Image Type and the Frame Type are in fact defined to be almost the same on a value position by value position basis. Thus the value at each position of the Image Type can be considered to be a summary or combination of all the values of the corresponding value position of the Frame Type.

If more than one value is used by the set of frames at a value position then the corresponding value position of the Image Type will contain a value of MIXED to indicate that a mixed set of values exists within the multi-frame object. The value MIXED shall only be used in the Image Type attribute when the corresponding values in individual Frame Type attributes are not equal. In the case of equal values that value shall be the same in the corresponding values of the Image Type and Frame Type attributes.

Image Type for an enhanced MR IOD shall consist of at least eight values. All eight values are mandatory for an Enhanced MR image.

C.8.X.1.1.1.1 Image Type Value 1 – Pixel Data CharacteristicsValue 1 for Image Type follows the standard definition and takes on values: ORIGINAL or DERIVED. However, for MR whether an image is ORIGINAL or DERIVED is not important and should not be relied on to provide semantic meaning. Both ORIGINAL and DERIVED are supported for legacy reasons.

Since there are no legacy hindrances for frame type, Value 1 for Frame Type shall be ORIGINAL.

C.8.X.1.1.1.2 Image Type Value 2 – Patient Examination CharacteristicsValue 2 for Image Type follows the standard definition and takes on values: PRIMARY and SECONDARY. However, for MR whether an image is PRIMARY or SECONDARY is not important and should not be relied on to provide semantic meaning. Both PRIMARY and SECONDARY are supported for legacy reasons.

Since there are no legacy hindrances for frame type, Value 2 for Frame Type shall be PRIMARY


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C.8.X.1.1.1.3 Image Type Value 3 – Pixel PresentationEnumerated Values for Value 3 for Image Type and Frame Type:

Table C.8-X.2IMAGE TYPE AND FRAME TYPE VALUE 3

Enumerated Value Name Value Position

Enumerated Value Description

COLOR 3 Image is best displayed in color using supplied palette color LUTs, but can be displayed in grayscale if current display does not support color.

MONOCHROME 3 Image is intended to be displayed in grayscale only. No PALETTE COLOR LUTs are supplied.

MIXED 3 Used only in Image Type if frames within the image object contain different values for value 3 in their Frame Type.

C.8.X.1.1.1.4 Image Type Value 4 – Pixel Volumetric PropertiesValue 4 allows applications doing geometric manipulations (e.g., MIP-MAX or MPR or planning) to determine if the image is an appropriate candidate for an operation without having to know all the details of the generating application.

Enumerated terms for Value 4 for Image Type and Frame Type:


Enumerated Value Name Value Position

Enumerated Value Description

VOLUME 4 Image contains pixels that reasonably represent the volume specified for the image (Examples: Value 5 is NONE or MPR)

SAMPLED 4 Image will not contain a representation of the average information in the slice direction. For example a projection (MIP) image is not useful for 3D-volume concatenation.

DISTORTED 4 Image will contain significantly distorted information from what is specified by the image volume attributes. For example this image should not be used in planning or for 3D volume. An example of this image type is a curved reformatted image (CURVED-MPR).



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C.8.X.1.1.1.5 Image Type Value 5 – Volume Based Pixel Calculation TechniqueValue 5 shall be used to indicate the method used for calculating pixels based on geometry.

Defined terms for Value 5 for Image Type and Frame Type:


Defined Term Name Value Position

Defined Term Description

MIP_MAX 5 Maximum Intensity ProjectionMIP_MIN 5 Minimum Intensity Projection

PROJECTION 5 Projection with unspecified algorithmMPR 5 Multi-Planar Reformat

CURVED-MPR 5 Curved Multi-Planar Reformat

NONE 5 Pixels not derived geometrically

MIXED 5 Used only in Image Type if frames within the image object may contain different terms for value 5 in their Frame Type.

C.8.X.1.1.1.6 Image Type Value 6 – Complex Image ComponentValue 6 shall be used to indicate which component of the complex representation of the signal is represented in the pixel data.

Defined Terms for Value 6 for Image Type and Frame Type:




MAGNITUDE 6

PHASE 6REAL 6

IMAGINARY 6



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C.8.X.1.1.1.7 Image Type Value 7 – Acquisition Pixel ContrastDefined terms for Value 7 for Image Type and Frame Type:




COMBINATION 7 Contrast is a combination of othersDIFFUSION 7 Diffusion weighted contrast

FLOW_ENCODED 7 Flow Encoded contrastFLUID_ATTENUATED 7 Fluid Attenuated T2 weighted contrast

PERFUSION 7 Perfusion weighted contrastPROTON_DENSITY 7 Proton Density weighted contrast

STIR 7 Short Tau Inversion RecoveryT1 7 T1 weighted contrast

T2 7 T2 weighted contrastT2_STAR 7 T2* weighted contrast

TOF 7 Time Of Flight weighted contrast

UNKNOWN 7 Value should be UNKNOWN if acquisition contrasts were combined resulting in an unknown contrast. Also this value should be used when the contrast is not known.



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C.8.X.1.1.1.8 Image Type Value 8 – Derived Pixel ContrastValue 8 shall be used to indicate derived pixel contrast – generally, contrast created by combining or processing images with the same geometry but with different contrast.

Note: if more than one of the following derived types is applicable, then it is up to the generating application to specify the value that best characterizes the derived image.

Defined terms for Value 8 for Image Type and Frame Type:




ADC 8 Apparent Diffusion CoefficientADDITION 8

CORRELATION 8DIFFERENTIATION 8

DIFFUSION 8 Diffusion weightedDIFFUSION ANISO 8 Diffusion Anisotropy

DIFFUSION ATTNTD 8 Diffusion Attenuated. Derived by removing the T2 contributions from a Diffusion Weighted image.

DIFFUSION TRACE 8 Diffusion Trace weighted

DIVISION 8INTEGRATION 8

LOGARITHMIC 8MEAN 8

METABOLITE MAP 8MTT 8 Mean Transit Time

MULTIPLICATION 8NEI 8 Negative Enhancement Integral

NORMALIZED 8RCBF 8 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)

RCBV 8 Regional Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV)R_COEFFICIENT 8 R-Coefficient Map (fMRI)

RHO 8SCM 8 Signal Change Map

SLOPE 8SQUARE SUM 8

STD DEVIATION 8 Standard DeviationSUBTRACTION 8

T1_MAP 8 T1 MapT2_STAR-MAP 8 T2* Map

T2_MAP 8 T2 MapTCS 8 Time Course of Signal


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T_TEST 8 Student’s T-Test (fMRI)TTP 8 Time To Peak map

VELOCITY 8Z_SCORE 8 Z-Score Map (fMRI)

NONE 8 Not a calculated image


C.8.X.1.1.2 Samples Per PixelFor MR Images, Samples per Pixel (0028,0002) shall have an Enumerated value of 1.

C.8.X.1.1.3 Photometric InterpretationFor MR Images, Photometric Interpretation (0028,0004) shall have the following Enumerated Value:

MONOCHROME2

See C.7.6.3.1.2 for the definition of this term.


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C.8.X.1.1.3.1 Supplemental Palette Color LUTsIf the contents of Image Type (0008,0008) value 3 equals COLOR the Palette Color LUTs are used to store a supplemental color mapping of the stored pixel data. These Palette Color LUTs should be used if the display device supports color to most closely match the presentation intended by the sender. The intention is that the stored pixel data results in a meaningful monochrome representation) if displayed via a standard grayscale presentation viewing pipeline, although color is the preferred presentation. The presentation alternatives are illustrated in Figure C.8.X-1.

Figure C.8-X.1 MONOCHROME2 Photometric Interpretation with Supplemental Palette Color mapping

In both cases the Stored Value translated by the Modality LUT provides the real world value of a pixel.

If Image Type (0008,0008) or Frame Type (0008,x007) value 3 equals COLOR the condition mentioned in the Image Pixel Module (Table C.7-9) with the Palette Color related attribute shall be taken as PALETTE COLOR.

C.8.X.1.1.4 Bits AllocatedFor Enhanced MR Images, Bits Allocated (0028,0100) shall have the Enumerated values of 8 or 16.


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C.8.X.1.1.5 Bits StoredFor Enhanced MR Images, Bits Stored (0028,0101) shall have the Enumerated Values of 8, 12 or 16. See Table C.8-X.1a for allowed combinations with Bits Allocated (0028,0100)

Table C.8-X.8ALLOWED COMBINATIONS OF ATTRIBUTE VALUE

COMBINATIONS FOR BITS ALLOCATED AND BITS STORED Bits Allocated Bits Stored

8 816 12, 16

C.8.X.1.1.6 High BitFor Enhanced MR Images, High Bit (0028,0102) shall have the Enumerated Value of one less than the value in Bit Stored.

C.8.X.1.1.7 Image QualificationImage Qualification (0018,x004) shall have the value PRODUCT if the image was produced with approved hardware and software. It shall have the value RESEARCH or SERVICE if there is any doubt as to whether the image was produced with approved hardware and software.

If an image with Image Qualification of RESEARCH or SERVICE is used to derive other images then it is expected that these derived images will also have Image Qualification set to RESEARCH or SERVICE.

The intent of this element is to allow annotation of an advisory message that indicates that this image may not be suitable for clinical interpretation.

C.8.X.2 MR Pulse Sequence ModuleThe primary purpose of this module is to identify the pulse sequence and variations on that, which was used in creation of the image. Terminology is intended to be neutral, and allow equivalent sequences of provided by different vendors to be classified together.

Table C.8-X.9MR PULSE SEQUENCE MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionPulse Sequence Name (0018,x005) 1 Name of the pulse sequence for

annotation purposes. Potentially vendor-specific name.

Product Pulse Sequence (0018,x006) 1 Indicates whether the pulse sequence is a commercial product sequence. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

MR Acquisition Type (0018,0023) 1 Identification of data encoding scheme.Defined Terms: 1D 2D 3D

Spin Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x008) 1 Spin Echo category of pulse sequences.Enumerated Values:

YES


1

1

23

456

7

89

10

111213

141516

1718

19

2021222324

2526

2

NOMultiple Spin Echo (0018,x011) 1C Multiple Spin Echo category of pulse

sequence. A spin echo sequence with multiple spin echoes in a progressive phase encoding. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Required only if Spin Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x018) equals YES.

Multi-planar Excitation (0018,x012) 1 Technique that simultaneously excites several parallel slices encoded with RF phase cycling.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Gradient Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x013) 1 Gradient Echo category of pulse sequences. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Phase Contrast (0018,x014) 1 Phase Contrast Pulse-Sequence is a Pulse-Sequence in which the flowing spins are velocity encoded in phase. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Time of Flight Contrast (0018,x015) 1 Time of Flight contrast is created by the inflow of blood in the saturated plane. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Steady State Pulse-Sequence (0018,x017) 1 Steady State Sequence. Defined Terms:

FREE PRECESSIONTRANSVERSETIME REVERSEDLONGITUDINALNONE

Echo Planar Pulse-Sequence (0018,x018) 1 Echo Planar category of pulse-sequences. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Saturation Recovery (0018,x024) 1 Saturation recovery pulse sequence.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Spectrally Selected Suppression (0018,x025) 1 Spectrally Selected Suppression.Enumerated Values:

FAT = fat suppression


1

2

WATER = water suppression NONE

Oversampling Phase (0018,x029) 1 Oversampling Phase. Enumerated Values:

2D = phase direction3D = out of plane directionNONE

Geometry of k-space Traversal (0018,x032) 1 Geometry category of k-space traversal.Defined Terms:

RECTILINEAR RADIALSPIRAL

Rectilinear Phase Encode Reordering (0018,x034) 1C Rectilinear phase encode reordering.Defined Terms:

LINEARCENTRICREVERSE LINEARREVERSE CENTRIC

Required if Geometry of k-Space Traversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.

Segmented k-Space Traversal (0018,x033) 1 Segmented k-Space traversal. If Geometry of k-Space Traversal is rectilinear, multiple lines can be acquired at one time. If Geometry of k-Space Traversal is spiral or radial, paths can be interleaved and acquired at one time. Enumerated Values:

SINGLE = not segmentedPARTIALFULL

Coverage of kx-kz Plane (0018,x094) 1C Coverage of k-Space in the ky-kz plane.Defined Terms:

FULLELLIPTICALWEIGHTED

Required only if MR Acquisition Type (0018,x096) equals 3D.

Number of k-Space Trajectories (0018,x093) Number of interleaves or shots

C.8.X.3 Physiological Synchronization ModuleTable C.8-X.10

PHYSIOLOGICAL SYNCHRONIZATION MODULE ATTRIBUTESAttribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGating Technique (0018,x037) 1 Defines if Gating is applied during or after

acquisition. Enumerated Values:

PROSPECTIVERETROSPECTIVENONE


1

1

2

34

2

Specified R-R Interval (0018,x070) 1C R-R interval measured prior to the scans, in msec.Required if Gating Technique (0018,x037) equals other than NONE.

Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) 1C Gating Signal Type. Defined Terms:

CARDIACRESPIRATORYMOTION = physiological motion

Required if Gating Technique (0018,x037) equals other than NONE.

Cardiac Gating Signal Source (0018,x085) 1C Cardiac gating Signal Source.Defined Terms:

ECGPP = peripheral pulse

Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) equals CARDIAC.

Navigator Technique (0018,x039) 1 Defines if a Navigator is applied during or after acquisition. Enumerated Values:

PROSPECTIVERETROSPECTIVENONE

Navigator Trigger Signal Type (0018,x040) 1C Navigator Trigger Signal Type. Defined Terms:

CARDIACRESPIRATORYMOTION = physiological motion

Required if Navigator Technique (0018,x039) equals other than NONE.

Cardiac Navigator Signal Source (0018,x086) 1C Cardiac Navigator Signal Source.Defined Terms: ECG

PP = peripheral pulseRequired if Navigator Trigger Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

Beat Rejection Flag (0018,1080) 1C Beat length sorting has been applied.Enumerated Values:

Y = YESN = NO

Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) or Navigator Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

Low R-R Value (0018,1081) 1C R-R interval low limit for beat rejection, in msec.Required if Beat Rejection Flag (0018,1080) equals Y.

High R-R Value (0018,1082) 1C R-R interval high limit for beat rejection, in msec.Required if Beat Rejection Flag


1

2

(0018,1080) equals Y.PVC Rejection (0018,1085) 1C Description of type of PVC rejection

criteria used.Required if Beat Rejection Flag (0018,1080) equals Y.

Physiological Phase Reordering (0018,x146) 1 Physiological Phase Reordering.Enumerated Values:

CARDIACRESPIRATORYNONE


1

2

C.8.X.4 Enhanced MR Image Multi-frame Header Module This section contains the definition of the Function Groups Sequences that can be contained in the Enhanced MR Image Multi-frame Module.

Table C.8-X.11ENHANCED MR MULTI-FRAME MODULE ATTRIBUTES


See section C.7.6.Y.1.1 for further explanation.For the use of Functional Group Sequences with the Enhanced MR Image IOD see Section C.8.X.4.1.


>Include Functional Group Sequence Macros. For the use of Functional Group Sequences with the Enhanced MR Image IOD see Section C.8.X.4.1.


1

1

23

45

6

2

C.8.X.4.1 Enhanced MR Image Functional Groups SequencesTable C.8.X.11 specifies the use of the Functional Group Sequences for the Enhanced MR Image IOD.

Table C.8-X.12Enhanced MR Image Functional Groups Sequences

Function Group Sequence Section UsageGeneral Image FOV Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.2 MGeneral Content Sequence Marco C.8.X.4.3 M - May not used as Common

Functional GroupGeneral Plane Position Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.4 MGeneral Plane Orientation Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.5 MMR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence Macro

C.8.X.4.6 M

MR FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.7 MMR Echo Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.8 MMR Modifier Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.9 MReferenced Image Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.10 C - Required if the frame has

been planned on another image.

Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence Macro

C.8.X.4.11 U

Source Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.12 UMR Receive Coil Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.13 MMR Transmit Coil Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.14 MMR Diffusion Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.15 C - Required if Image Type

(0008,0008) value 7 equals DIFFUSION.

Physiological Synchronization Sequence Macro

C.8.X.4.16 C - Required if Gating technique (0018,x037) equals other than NONE or if Gating

Signal Type (0018,x038) equals CARDIAC or Navigator

Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

MR Averages Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.17 MMR Spatial Saturation Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.18 C - Required if Spatial Pre-

saturation (0018,x027) equals PLANAR

General Frame Anatomy Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.19 C - Required if Image Laterality (0020,0062) equals

B.General Modality Transformation Sequence Macro

C.X.8.4.20 M

MR Metabolic Map Sequence Macro C.X.8.4.21 M


1

1

23

45

6

2

C.8.X.4.2 General Image FOV Sequence Macro This section contains the attributes of the General Image FOV Sequence.

Table C.8-X.13GENERAL IMAGE FOV SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Image FOV Sequence (0028,x110) 1 Identifies sequence containing General

Image FOV Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Pixel Spacing (0028,0030) 1 Physical distance in the patient between the center of each pixel, specified by a numeric pair - adjacent row spacing (delimiter) adjacent column spacing in mm.

>Slice Thickness (0020,1041) 2 Nominal slice thickness, in mm.


1

1

2

34

2

C.8.X.4.3 General Content Sequence MacroThis sequence may only be part of the Multi-Frame Header (0008,x124) attribute.

Table C.8-X.14GENERAL CONTENT SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Content Sequence (0020,x111) 1 Identifies sequence containing General

Image Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Frame Type (0018,x007) 1 Type of Frame. A multi-value attribute equal to the Image Type (0008,0008).Defined Terms are equal to those eight values of the Image Type (0008,0008) attribute, except that value MIXED is not allowed. See section C.8.X.1.1.1 for further description.

>Acquisition Number (0020,0012) 1 A number identifying the single continuous gathering of data over a period of time which resulted in this image.

>Frame Reference Datetime (0018,x151) 1 The point in time that is most representative of when data was acquired for this frame. See C.8.X.6.5.2 for further explanation.

>Frame Acquisition Datetime (0018,x074) 1 The date and time that the acquisition of data that resulted in this frame started.

>Actual Frame Duration (0018,1242) 1 The actual amount of time [in seconds] that was used to acquire data for this frame.

>Temporal Position Index (0020,x128)

2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the set of images with different temporal positions.

>Frame Index (0020,x132) 2 Ordinal number of the frame in the object or set of objects beginning with value 1.When the reconstructed set of frames is divided over more than one object, the increment shall be continued into the next object.

>Station Index (0020,x055)

2 Ordinal number of the station in the object or set of objects beginning with 1. See C.8.X.5.1 for further description.

>Stack Index (0020,x056)

2 Ordinal number of the stack in the object or set of objects beginning with 1. See C.8.X.5.1 for further description.

>In-Stack Position Index (0020,x057)

2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the stack beginning with 1. See


1

1

2

3

45

2

C.8.X.5.1 for further description.>Derivation Description (0008,2111) 3 A text description of how this image was

derived. See C.7.6.1.1.3 for further explanation.

>Image Comments (0020,4000) 3 User-defined comments about the image

C.8.X.4.4 General Plane Position Sequence MacroTable C.8-X.15

GENERAL PLANE POSITION SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTESAttribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Plane Position Sequence (0020,x113) 1 Identifies sequence containing General

Plane Position Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Image Position (Patient) (0020,0032) 1 The x, y, and z coordinates of the upper left hand corner (center of the first pixel transmitted) of the image, in mm. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

>Image Position Index (0020,x150)

2 Ordinal number of the image position in the object or set of objects beginning with 1. See C.8.X.5.1 for further description.

C.8.X.4.5 General Plane Orientation Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.16GENERAL PLANE ORIENTATION SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Plane Orientation Sequence (0020,x116) 1 Identifies sequence containing General

Plane Orientation Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Image Orientation (Patient) (0020,0037) 1 The direction cosines of the first row and the first column with respect to the patient. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

>Image Orientation Index (0020,x058)

2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the set of images with different slice orientation beginning with 1.


1

1

2

34

5

6

7

89

10

2

C.8.X.4.6 MR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence MacroThis module specifies timing and related parameters.

Table C.8-X.17MR TIMING AND RELATED PARAMETERS SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence

(0018,x112) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Repetition Time (0018,0080) 1 The time in msec between two successive excitations of the same volume. Shall be zero (=0) if only one excitation.

>Flip Angle (0018,1314) 1 Steady state angle in degrees to which the magnetic vector is flipped from the magnetic vector of the primary field.

>Echo Train Length (0018,0091) 1 Number of line in k-space acquired per excitation per image

>SAR (0018,1316) 2 Calculated whole body Specific Absorption Rate in watts/kilogram.

>dB/dT (0018,1318) 2 The rate of change of the gradient coil magnetic flux density with time in T/s.


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.6.1 Relationship Timing ParametersFigure C.8-X.2 shows the relationship between the various timing parameters used with an Enhanced MR object.

Figure C.8-X.2 Relationship Timing Related Attributes

C.8.X.4.56.2 Frame Reference DatetimeThe Frame Reference Datetime (0018,x151) is used to indicate the point in time that is most representative for that specific frame. It shall be understood in the "center of gravity" sense, for example, if ky=0 or the central Fourier segment.


1

1

23

4

5

6

789

2

C.8.X.4.7 MR FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.18MR FOV/GEOMETRY SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR FOV/Geometry Sequence (0018,x125) 1 Identifies sequence containing

FOV/Geometry Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Encoding Direction (0018,x097) 1C The axes of encoding with respect to the image. A multi-value attribute, three values have to be specified:

Value 1: FrequencyValue 2: In-Plane PhaseValue 3: Out-of-Plane Phase

Enumerated Values: COLROWFRAME

Required if Geometry of k-Space Transversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.

>MR Acquisition Matrix (0018,x096) 1C Dimensions of the acquired data before reconstruction. A multi-value attribute, three values have to be specified:

Value 1: Frequency encoding steps (kx)

Value 2: Number of in-plane phase encoding steps (ky)

Value 3: Number of out-of-plane phase encoding steps (kz). Equals 1 in case MR Acquisition Type (0018,0023) equals 2D

Required if Geometry of k-Space Transversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.

>Percent Sampling (0018,0093) 1C Fraction of acquisition matrix lines acquired, expressed as a percent.Required if Geometry of k-Space Traversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.

>Percent Phase Field of View (0018,0094) 1 Ratio of field of view dimension in phase direction to field of view dimension in frequency direction, expressed as a percent.


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.8 MR Echo Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.19MR ECHO SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Echo Sequence (0018,x114) 1 Identifies sequence containing Echo

Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Effective Echo Time (0018,x082) 1 The time in msec between the middle of the excitation pulse and the peak of the echo produced (kx=0).

>Effective Echo Number (0018,x083 1 The echo number used in generating this image. In the case of segmented k-space, it is the effective Echo Number.

>Echo Number Index (0020,x130)

2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the set of images with different Echo Numbers beginning with 1.


1

1

2

34

2

C.8.X.4.9 MR Modifier Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.20MR MODIFIER SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Modifier Sequence (0018,x115) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR

modifier Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Inversion Recovery (0018,x009) 1 Inversion Recovery preparatory sequence.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>Inversion Times (0018,x079) 1C Times in msec after the middle of inverting RF pulse to middle of excitation pulse to detect the amount of longitudinal magnetization.Required if Inversion Recovery (0018,x009) equals YES

>Flow Compensation (0018,x010) 1 Flow Compensation. Defined Terms:

ACCELERATION VELOCITYNONE

>Spoiling (0018,x016) 1C Spoiling.Enumerated Values:

RF for RF spoiledGRADIENT for gradient

spoiledNONE

Required only if Gradient Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x013) equals YES.

>Magnetization Transfer (0018,x020) 1 Magnetization Transfer pulse-sequence. Enumerated Values:

ON_RESONANCEOFF_RESONANCENONE

>T2 Preparation (0018,x021) 1 T2 prepared pulse-sequence.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>Blood Signal Nulling (0018,x022) 1 Blood Signal Nulling (“Black Blood”) preparatory pulse-sequence. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>Diffusion Contrast Preparation Direction

(0018,x023) 1 Diffusion contrast preparation direction.Enumerated Values:

MULTIPLE


1

1

2

3

45

2

SINGLENONE


1

2

>Spectrally Selected Excitation (0018,x026) 1 Spectrally Selected Excitation. Enumerated Values:

WATER for water excitation FAT for fat excitationNONE

>Spatial Pre-saturation (0018,x027) 1 Spatial Pre-saturation. Defined Terms:

SLABNONE

>Tagging (0018,x028) 1 Tagging. Defined Terms:

GRIDLINENONE

>Tag Spacing (0018,x030) 1C Tag Spacing. A multi-value attribute, two values has to be specified:

Value 1: Space between lines in mm. Required if Tagging (0018,x028) is GRID or LINE

Value 2: Space between the lines in mm in the other direction. Required if Tagging (0018,x028) is GRID and the matrix is asymmetric.

>Tag Angle (0018,x019) 1C Tag Angle. A multi-value attribute, two values has to be specified:

Value 1: Angle of a line relative to the frequency axis. Required if Tagging (0018,x028) is GRID, LINE or RADIAL.

Value 2: Delta angle of succeeding lines. Required if Tagging (0018,x028) is GRID.

>Tag Thickness (0018,x035) 1C Thickness of the line in mm.Required if Tagging (0018,x028) equals other than NONE.

>Partial Fourier (0018,x081) 1 Partial FourierEnumerated Values:

YESNO

>Partial Fourier Direction (0018,x036) 1C Direction of partial Fourier. Enumerated Values:

PHASEFREQUENCYSLICE SELECTCOMBINATION

Required if Partial Fourier (0018,x081) equals YES.


1

2

>Transmitter Frequency (0018,x098) 1 Center transmitter frequency in MHz.>Effective Pixel Bandwidth (0018,0095) 1 Reciprocal of the effective sampling

period, in hertz per pixel.

>Velocity Encoding Direction (0018,x090) 1C The direction cosines of a normal vector parallel to the encoding direction with respect to the patient. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.Required if Phase Contrast (0018,x014) equals YES.

>Velocity Encoding Interval (0018,x091) 1C Velocity interval in cm/sec. A multi-value attribute, two values has to be specified:

Value 1: Minimum velocity encoded

Value 2: Maximum velocity encoded

Required if Phase Contrast (0018,x014)equals YES.

>Parallel Acquisition (0018,x077) 1 Parallel acquisition has been used to reduce measurement time.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>Parallel Acquisition Technique (0018,x078) 1C Parallel acquisition characteristics.Enumerated Values:

IMAGE-SPACE BASEDK-SPACE BASEDOTHER

Required if Parallel Acquisition (0018,x077) equals YES.

>Parallel Reduction Factors (0018,x069) 1C Parallel Reduction Factor: A multi-value attribute, two values has to be provided:

Value 1: Measurement time reduction factor in phase direction expressed as ratio of original and reduced measurement time.

Value 2: Measurement time reduction factor in out of phase direction expressed as ratio of original and reduced measurement time.



1

1

2

C.8.X.4.10 Referenced Image Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.21REFERENCED IMAGE SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionReferenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) 1 A sequence that provides reference to a

set of Image SOP Class/Instance pairs identifying other images significantly related to this. See Section C.8.X.4.10.1 for further explanation. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.

>Referenced SOP Class UID (0008,1150) 1 Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Class.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID (0008,1155) 1 Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Instance.

>Referenced Frame Number (0008,1160) 1C References one or more frames of a Multi-frame Enhanced MR Image SOP Instance, identifying which frames are significantly related to this image.Required if referenced to another Multi-frame Image object.

C.8.X.4.10.1 The use of Reference Image Sequence within MRReferenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) shall be used to provide a reference to a set of Image SOP Class/Instance pairs identifying other images used to plan the acquisition of this image where the images share the same Frame of Reference UID (0020,0052).

Applications can use the Referenced Image Sequence in combination with data in the Image Plane Module to provide projections of the position of an image with respect to the referenced image.

C.8.X.4.11 Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.22 REFERENCED MR SPECTROSCOPY SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionReferenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence

(0008,x120) 1 A Sequence that identifies the set of related spectroscopy SOP Class/Instance pairs. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.



>Referenced Frame Number (0008,1160) 1 References one or more frames of a Multi-frame MR Spectroscopy SOP Instance, identifying which frames are significantly related to this image.


1

1

2

34

5

6

789

1011

12

13

14

1516

17

2

C.8.X.4.12 Source Image Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.23SOURCE IMAGE SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionSource Image Sequence (0008,2112) 1 A Sequence which identifies the set of

Image SOP Class/Instance pairs of the Images which were used to derive this Image. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence. See C.7.6.1.1.4 for further explanation.



>Referenced Frame Number (0008,1160) 1C References one or more image frames of a Multi-frame Image SOP Instance, identifying which frames are significantly related to this image.Required if referenced to another Multi-frame image object.


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.13 MR Receive Coil Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.24MR RECEIVE COIL SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Receive Coil Sequence (0018,x042) 1 A sequence that provides information

about each receive coil used. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Receive Coil Name (0018,1250) 1 Name of receive coil used.

>Receive Coil Manufacturer Name (0018,x041) 2 Name of manufacturer of receive coil.>Receive Coil Type (0018,x043) 1 Type of receive coil used.

Defined Terms:BODYVOLUME for head, extremity,

etc.SURFACEMULTICOIL

>Quadrature Receive Coil (0018,x044) 1 Indicates whether the receive coil is quadrature. Enumerated values:

YES for quadrature, circularly polarized

NO for linear>Multi-Coil Definition Sequence (0018,x045) 1C A sequence which provides information

regarding each element of a multi-coil. It should include attributes for all elements, whether used in the current acquisition or not. Required if Receive Coil Type (0018,x043) equals MULTICOIL.

>>Multi-Coil Element Name (0018,x047) 1C Name of element of multi-coil.Required if Receive Coil Type (0018,x043) equals MULTICOIL.

>>Multi-Coil Element Used (0018,x048) 1C Indicates whether the multi-coil element was used in the current acquisition.Enumerated values:

YESNO

Required if Receive Coil Type (0018,x043) equals MULTICOIL.

>Multi-Coil Configuration (0018,x046) 3 A textual description of the configuration of multi-coil elements which was used in the current acquisition.


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.14 MR Transmit Coil Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.25MR TRANSMIT COIL SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Transmit Coil Sequence (0018,x049) 1 A sequence that provides information

about each transmit coil used. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Transmit Coil Name (0018,1251) 1 Name of transmit coil used.

>Transmit Coil Manufacturer Name (0018,x050) 2 Name of manufacturer of transmit coil.

>Transmit Coil Type (0018,x051) 1 Type of transmit coil used. Defined Terms:

BODYVOLUME for head, extremity,

etc.SURFACENONE


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.15 MR Diffusion Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.26MR DIFFUSION SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Diffusion Sequence (0018,x117) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR

Diffusion Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>B Value (0018,x087) 1 Diffusion sensitization factor in sec/mm2. This is the actual b-value for original images and those derived from images with the same b-value, or the most representative b-value when derived from images with different b-values.

>Diffusion Time Period (0018,x088) 1 Time period in milliseconds that nuclei are subject to diffusion sensitization gradient.

>Diffusion Directionality (0018,x075) 1 Specifies whether diffusion conditions for the image are directional, or isotropic with respect to direction.Defined Terms:

DIRECTIONALISOTROPIC

>Diffusion Gradient Direction Sequence

(0018,x076) 1C Sequence containing orientations of all diffusion sensitization gradients that were applied during the preparation phase for this image.Required if Diffusion Directionality (0018,x075) equals DIRECTIONAL

>>Diffusion Gradient Orientation (0018,x089) 1 The direction cosines of the diffusion gradient vector with respect to the patient.

>Diffusion Anisotropy Type (0018,x147) 1C Class of diffusion anisotropy calculation. Defined Terms:FRACTIONALRELATIVEVOLUME_RATIORequired if Image Type (0008,0008) value 8 equals DIFFUSION ANISO.

>Diffusion Anisotropy Annotation (0018,x148) 1C Suggested annotation for describing diffusion anisotropy calculation.Required if Image Type (0008,0008) value 8 equals DIFFUSION ANISO.

>Diffusion B value Index (0020,x129)

2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the set of images with different b-values.


1

1

2

34

5

2

C.8.X.4.16 Physiological Synchronization Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.27PHYSIOLOGICAL SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionPhysiological Synchronization Sequence

(0018,x118) 1 Identifies sequence containing Physiological Synchronization Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Trigger Time (0018,1060) 1C Time, in msec, between peak of the R wave and the peak of the echo produced.Required if Gating technique (0018,x037) equals other than NONE.

>Intervals Acquired (0018,1083) 1C Number of R-R intervals acquired.Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) or Navigator Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

>Intervals Rejected (0018,1084) 1C Number of R-R intervals rejected.Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) or Navigator Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

>Trigger Window (0018,1094) 1C Percent of R-R interval, based on Heart Rate (0018,1088), prescribed as a window for a valid/usable trigger.Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) or Navigator Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

>Skip Beats (0018,1086) 1C Number of beats skipped after a detected arrhythmia.Required if Gating Signal Type (0018,x038) or Navigator Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

>Trigger delay Time (0020,x153) 2 Trigger delay time in msec for the image relative to the last R-peak. See C.8.X.4.16.1 for a further explanation.

>Trigger delay Time Index (0020,x099) 2 Ordinal number of the image/frame in the set of images with different trigger delay times within one R-R interval. See C.8.X.4.16.1 for a further explanation.


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C.8.X.4.16.1 Relationship Cardiac Timing Attributes

Figure C.8-X.3 Cardiac Timing Tags

C.8.X.4.17 MR Averages Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.28MR AVERAGES SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Averages Sequence (0018,x119) 1 Identifies sequence MR Averages

Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Number of Averages (0018,0083) 1 Maximum number of times any point in k-space is acquired.


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C.8.X.4.18 MR Spatial Saturation Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.29MR SPATIAL SATURATION SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Spatial Saturation Sequence (0018,x107) 1 A sequence of one or more items that

provide the position of spatial saturation bands deposited as part of the pulse sequence. One or more items may be included in this sequence.

>Slab Thickness (0018,x104) 1 Thickness of slab in mm.

>Slab Orientation (Patient) (0018,x105) 1 The direction cosines of a normal vector perpendicular to the saturation plane with respect to the patient. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

>Mid Slab Position (0018,x106) 1 The x, y, and z coordinates of the midpoint of the slab. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

C.8.X.4.19 General Frame Anatomy Sequence Macro

Table C.8-X.30GENERAL FRAME ANATOMY SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Frame Anatomy Sequence (0020,x071) 1 Identifies sequence containing General

Frame Anatomy Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Frame Laterality (0020,x072) 1 Laterality of (possibly paired) body part (asdescribed in Anatomic Region Sequence(0008,2218)) examined.Enumerated Values:

R = rightL = leftU = unpairedB = both left and right

Note: This Attribute is mandatory, in order to ensure that frames may be positioned correctly relative to one another for display.

Shall be consistent with any lateralityinformation contained in Primary AnatomicStructure Modifier Sequence (0008,2230),if present.


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C.8.X.4.20 General Modality Transformation Module

Table C.8-X.31General MODALITY TRANSFORMATION MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionGeneral Modality Transformation Sequence

(0028,x145) 1 Identifies sequence containing General Modality Transformation Attributes. Only one item may be included.

>Modality LUT Sequence (0028,3000) 3 Defines a sequence of Modality LUTs.>>LUT Descriptor (0028,3002) 1C Specifies the format of the LUT Data in

this Sequence.See C.11.1.1 for further explanation.Required if the Modality LUT Sequence (0028,3000) is sent.

>>LUT Explanation (0028,3003) 3 Free form text explanation of the meaning of the LUT.

>>Modality LUT Type (0028,3004) 1C Specifies the output values of this Modality LUT.See C.11.1.1 for further explanation.Required if the Modality LUT Sequence (0028,3000) is sent.

>>LUT Data (0028,3006) 1C LUT Data in this Sequence.Required if the Modality LUT Sequence (0028,3000) is sent.

>Rescale Intercept (0028,1052) 1 The value b in relationship between stored values (SV) and the output units.Output units = m*SV + b.Required if Modality LUT Sequence (0028,3000) is not present.

>Rescale Slope (0028,1053) 1 m in the equation specified by Rescale Intercept (0028,1052).

>Measured Units Code Sequence (0040,A30A) 1 Units of measurement. Only a single value shall be present.

>>Include Code Sequence Macro Table 8.8-1 Defined Context ID is 82>Real World Decimal Scaling (0040,x144) 1 Scaling factor to be applied on pixel data

after modality LUT transformation. See C.8.X.4.20.1 for further explanation.

C.8.X.4.20.1 Measured Value RepresentationAs explained in the image pipeline figure, the Modality LUT is used to create Output Units for both the display pipelines as well as for the calculation of real world values.

For the calculation of Real World Units: the supplied LUT or the Rescale Slope and Rescale Intercept should applied first. After that an additional scaling should be applied obtain the correct value in the specified unit.

Note: Below an example of the use of these attributes, see also Figure C.8-X.4. Stored values are in the range from -32000 to +32000 has to be represented on the screen as

values between 0 and 3.0.


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After applying a Rescale Intercept (0028,1052) and a Rescale Slope (0028,1053) the result is the range from 0 to +3000.

This value has to be converted with a Real World Decimal Scaling with the value of 3 (i.e. divide all values by 103). The result is a number between 0 and 3.000.

Real World Unit: is taken from the specified SNOMED Code table identified with Context ID 82.

Figure C.8-X.4 Example of conversion Stored Values with Decimal Scaling

C.8.X.4.21 MR Metabolic Map Sequence MacroThis section contains the attributes of the MR Metabolic Functional Group

TABLE C.8-X.32MR METABOLIC MAP SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Metabolic Map Sequence (0018,X152) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR

Metabolic Map Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included.

>Metabolite Map Description (0018,x080) 1C Text describing the Metabolite Map. Required if Frame Type (0008,x007) value 8 contains METABOLITE MAP.

>Chemical Shift (0018,x084) 1C The list of frequencies that were used to create the Metabolite Map in ppm.If Image Type (0008,x007) value 8 contains METABOLITE MAP.

>Metabolic Map Index (0020,x131) 2 Ordinal position of the image/frame in the object or set of objects with different Metabolite Maps beginning with 1.


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C.8.X.5 MR Multi-frame Dimension ModuleThe MR Multi-frame Dimension Module contains a set of numbers of dimensions that are usually known at prescription time. For cases where they are not known, such as during real-time interactive imaging they may be omitted. It is up to the generating applications to decide what attributes are important to describe the multi-frame dimensions.

An attribute of this module that is not significant shall have the value 0 as indication.

Table C.8-X.33MR MULTI-FRAME DIMENSION MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionConcatenation UID (0020,x133) 1 Unique identifier for all objects belonging

to the same concatenation. See C.8.X.5.1 for further specification.

Number of Stations (0020,x134) 1 Number of Station Index (0020,x055) values.

Number of Stacks (0020,x135) 1 Number of Stack Index (0020,x056) values.

Number of In-Stack Positions (0020,x136) 1 Number of In-Stack Position Index (0020,x057) values. In-Stack Position Index values that are occurring in any stack.

Number of Image Orientations (0020,x137) 1 Number of Image Orientation Index (0020,x058) values.

Number of Image Positions (0020,x149) 1 Number of Image Position Index (0020,x150). Refers to the different Image Positions (Patient) (0020,0032) are in the concatenated IOD set

Number of Trigger Delay Times (0020,x138) 1 Number of Trigger Delay Time Index (0020,x099) values.

Number of Temporal Positions (0020,x139) 1 Number of Temporal Position Index (0020,x128) values.

Number of Diffusion B values (0020,x140) 1 Number of Diffusion B value Index (0020,x129) values.

Number of Metabolite Maps (0020,x141) 1 Number of Metabolite Map Index (0020,x131) values.

Number of Echo's (0020,x142) 1 Number of Echo Index (0020,x130) values.

Number of Frame IDs (0020,x143) 1 Explicit number of Frames (identified by the Frame Index (0020,x132) within the concatenation.

C.8.X.5.1 Concatenations, Stations Stacks and VolumesDefinitions:

A concatenation is a group of multi-frame image objects within a "frame of reference" that belong together. For example, one total body scan at five stations, or a MRI scan over 10000 frames, split over 10 objects.

Stations describe groups of frames, and that have been created in one position of the patient support.

Stacks describe groups of frames, with different positions and possibly orientations that belong together.


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These entities may extend across a number of multi-frame image objects sharing the same Concatenation UID (0020,x133).

The dimension modules for each object with the same Concatenation UID (0020,x133) shall contain exactly the same tags and values.

Since the definitions of stacks and stations are not orthogonal these may be exchanged.

It is up to the receiving applications to determine the order in which the various dimensions will be ordered for display.


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C.8.Y MR Spectroscopy ModulesThis section describes the MR Spectroscopy Modules.

C.8.Y.1 MR Spectroscopy Module

Table C.8-Y.1 MR SPECTROSCOPY MODULE

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute Description

Instance Number (0020,0013) 1 A number that identifies this image.Note: This Attribute was named Image Number in earlier versions of this Standard.

Image Type (0008,0008) 1 Image identification characteristics. See C.8.X.1.1.1 for specialization.





Number of Frames (0028,0008) 1 Number of frames in a Multi-frame Image. See C.7.6.6.1.1 for further explanation.

Acquisition Duration (0018,x073) 1 The time in seconds needed to run the prescribed pulse sequence. See C.8.X.4.5.1 for further explanation.

Referenced Raw Data Sequence (0008,x121) 3 A Sequence which identifies the set of Raw Data SOP Class/Instance pairs of the Images which were used to derive this Image. Zero or more Items may be included in this Sequence.

>Referenced SOP Class UID (0008,1150) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Class. Required if Referenced Image Sequence (0008,x121) is sent.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID (0008,1155) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Instance. Required if Reference Image Sequence (0008,x121) is sent.

Referring Image Evidence Sequence (0008,x092) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances referring to image objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Referred Image Sequence (0008,1140) is used.


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>Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3Source Image Evidence Sequence (0008,x154) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances

used as source image objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Source Image Sequence (0008,2112) is used.

Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3MR Spectroscopy Evidence Sequence

(0008,x155) 1C Full set of Composite SOP Instances used referring to spectroscopy objects inside the frames of this Enhanced MR Image object.One or more Items may be included in this sequence.Required if the attribute Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence (0008,x120) is used.

Include 'SOP Instanced Reference Macro' Table C.17-3Image Qualification (0018,x004) 1 Image Qualification Indicator

Enumerated Values:PRODUCTRESEARCHSERVICE

See C.8.X.1.1.7 for further explanation.

Transmitter Frequency (0018,X098) 1 Precession frequency in MHz of the nucleus being addressed for each spectral axis.

Resonant Nucleus (0018,x100) 1 Nucleus that is resonant at the transmitter frequency.Defined Terms:


Magnetic Field Strength (0018,0087) 1 Nominal field strength of MR Magnet, in Tesla.

Derivation Description (0008,2111) 3 A text description of how this image was derived. See C.7.6.1.1.3 for further explanation.

Image Comments (0020,4000) 3 User-defined comments about the imageSpectral Width (0018,x052) 1 Spectral width in Hz.

See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.


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Chemical Shift Reference (0018,x053) 1 The chemical shift at the transmitter frequency in ppm.See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.

Volume Localization Technique (0018,x054) 1 Name of volume localization technique used. Shall be “NONE” if no spatial localization is performed.Defined Terms:

ILOPSISISPRIMEPRESSSLIMSLOOPSTEAMNONE

Volume Localization Sequence (0018,x126) 1C A sequence of one or more items that provide the position of RF excitations used to select a volume of tissue. The selected volume is described by the intersection of the sequence items.Required if volume localization technique (0018,x054) is other than NONE

>Slab Thickness (0018,x104) 1 Thickness of slab in mm.

>Slab Orientation (Patient) (0018,x105) 1 The direction cosines of a normal vector perpendicular to the saturation plane with respect to the patient. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

>Mid Slab Position (0018,x106) 1 The x, y, and z coordinates of a point halfway the slab thickness. See C.7.6.2.1.1 for further explanation.

Decoupling (0018,x059) 1 Indicates whether decoupling was active.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Decoupled Nucleus (0018,x060) 1C Nucleus being decoupled.Defined Terms:


See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.Required if Decoupling (0018,x059) equals YES.

Decoupling Frequency (0018,x061) 1C The center frequency (Hz) for the decoupling.


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Decoupling Method (0018,x062) 1C Description of the decoupling modulation scheme Defined Terms:

MLEVWALTZ

Required if Decoupling (0018,x059) equals YES.

Decoupling Chemical Shift Reference

(0018,x063) 1C The chemical shift (ppm) at the decoupling frequency.See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.Required if Decoupling (0018,x059) equals YES.

k-Space Filtering (0018,x064) 1 Describes k-space filtering applied. Shall be NONE if no k-space filter.Defined Terms:

COSINECOSINE SQUAREDFERMIGAUSSIANHAMMINGHANNINGLORENTZIANLRNTZ GSS TRNSFMNONE

Time Domain Filtering (0018,x065) 1 Describes time domain filtering or apodization applied. Shall be “NONE” if no filtering operations applied to time domain data.Defined terms:

COSINECOSINE SQUAREDGAUSSIANHAMMINGHANNINGLORENTZIANLRNTZ GSS TRNSFMNONE

See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.

Number of Zero fills (0018,x066) 1 Number of zero fills added to the time domain data before FT. Shall be “0” if no zero filling performed.See section C.8.Y.1.1 for further explanation.

Baseline Correction (0018,x067) 1 Describes baseline correction techniques applied on frequency domain data. Shall be NONE if no baseline correction performed.Defined Term:

LINEAR TILTLOCAL LINEAR FIT


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POLYNOMIAL FITSINC DECONVOLUTNTIME DOMAIN FITNONE

Frequency Correction (0018,x101) 1 Specifies whether operations were performed to correct resonant frequency of metabolite peaks due to Bo field inhomogeneities.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

C.8.Y.1.1 MR Spectroscopy Attribute Multiplicity OrderingThose attributes in the MR Spectroscopy Module that have a Value Multiplicity of 1-2 to allow for spectroscopy acquisitions with one or two frequency axes shall have the follow ordering:

Value 1: The value corresponding to the sampling time axis (the axis along a data point row).

Value 2: If the value for Data Point Columns is greater than 1, value 2 shall contain the values corresponding to the evolution time axis (the axis along a data point column).

Attributes with a Value Multiplicity of 1-2 are:Transmitter Frequency (0018,x098)Resonant Nucleus (0018,x100)Spectral Width (0018,x052)Chemical Shift Reference (0018,x053)Decoupled Nucleus (0018,0x60)Decoupling Frequency (0018,x061)Decoupling Chemical Shift Reference (0018,x063)Time Domain Filtering (0018,x065)Number of Zero Fills (0018,x066)


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C.8.Y.2 MR Spectroscopy Pulse Sequence ModuleThe primary purpose of this module is to identify the pulse sequence and variations on that, which was used in creation of the spectroscopic data. Terminology is intended to be neutral, and allow equivalent sequences of provided by different vendors to be classified together.

Table C.8-Y.2MR SPECTROSCOPY PULSE SEQUENCE MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionPulse Sequence Name (0018,x005) 1 Name of the pulse sequence for

annotation purposes. Potentially vendor-specific name.

Product Pulse Sequence (0018,x006) 1 Indicates whether the pulse sequence is a commercial product sequence. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

MR Acquisition Type (0018,0023) 1 Identification of data encoding scheme.Defined Terms: 1D 2D 3D

Spin Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x008) 1 Spin Echo category of pulse sequences.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Multiple Spin Echo (0018,x011) 1C Multiple Spin Echo category of pulse sequence. A spin echo sequence with multiple spin echoes in a progressive phase encoding. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Required only if Spin Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x018) equals YES.

Multi-planar Excitation (0018,x012) 1 Technique that simultaneously excites several parallel slices encoded with RF phase cycling.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Gradient Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x013) 1 Gradient Echo category of pulse sequences. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Steady State Pulse-Sequence (0018,x017) 1 Steady State Sequence. Defined Terms:

FREE PRECESSIONTRANSVERSETIME REVERSED


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LONGITUDINALNONE

Echo Planar Pulse-Sequence (0018,x018) 1 Echo Planar category of pulse-sequences. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

Spectrally Selected Suppression (0018,x025) 1 Spectrally Selected Suppression.Enumerated Values:

NONEFAT = fat suppressionWATER = water suppression

Geometry of k-Space Traversal (0018,x032) 1 Geometry category of k-Space traversal.Defined Terms:

SPIRALRADIALRECTILINEAR

Rectilinear Phase Encode Reordering

(0018,x034) 1C Rectilinear phase encode reordering.Defined Terms:

LINEARCENTRICREVERSE LINEARREVERSE CENTRIC


Segmented k-Space Traversal (0018,x033) 1 Segmented k-Space traversal. If Geometry of k-Space Traversal is rectilinear, multiple lines can be acquired at one time. If Geometry of k-Space Traversal is spiral or radial, paths can be interleaved and acquired at one time. Enumerated Values:

SINGLE = not segmentedPARTIALFULL

Coverage of ky-kz Plane (0018,x094) 1C Coverage of k-Space in the ky-kz plane.Defined Terms:

FULLELLIPTICALWEIGHTED

Required only if MR Acquisition Type (0018,x096) equals 3D.

Number of k-Space Trajectories (0018,x093) Number of interleaves or shots.


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C.8.Y.3. MR Spectroscopy Multi-frame HeaderThis section contains the definition of the Function Groups Sequences that can be contained in the MR Spectroscopy Multi-frame Module.

Table C.8-Y.3 MR SPECTROSCOPY MODULE ATTRIBUTES


See section C.7.6.Y.1.1 for further explanation.For the use of Functional Group Sequences Macros with the Enhanced MR Image IOD see Section C.8.Y.3.1.


>Include Functional Group Sequence Macros. For the use of Functional Group Sequences with the Enhanced MR Image IOD see Section C.8.Y.3.1.


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C.8.Y.3.1 MR Spectroscopy Functional Group SequencesTable C.8.Y.4 specifies the use of the Functional Group Sequences for the MR Spectroscopy IOD.

Table C.8-Y.4MR Spectroscopy Functional Groups Sequences

Function Group Sequence Section UsageGeneral Image FOV Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.2 MGeneral Content Sequence Marco C.8.X.4.3 M - May not used as Common

Functional GroupGeneral Plane Position Sequence Marco C.8.X.4.4 MGeneral Plane Orientation Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.5 MMR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence Macro

C.8.X.4.6 M

MR Spectroscopy FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro

C.8.Y.3.2 M

MR Echo Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.8 MMR Spectroscopy Modifier Sequence Macro C.8.Y.3.3 MReferenced Image Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.10 C - Required if the frame has

been planned on another image.

Referenced MR Spectroscopy Sequence Macro

C.8.X.4.11 U

Source Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.12 UMR Receive Coil Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.13 MMR Transmit Coil Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.14 MMR Diffusion Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.15 C - Required if Image Type

(0008,0008) value 7 equals DIFF.

Physical Synchronization Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.16 C - Required if Gating technique (0018,x037) equals other than NONE or if Gating

Signal Type (0018,x038) equals CARDIAC or Navigator

Signal Type (0018,x040) equals CARDIAC.

MR Averages Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.17 MMR Spatial Saturation Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.18 C - Required if Spatial Pre-

saturation (0018,x027) equals PLANAR

General Frame Anatomy Sequence Macro C.8.X.4.19 C - Required if Image Laterality (0020,0062) equals

B.General Modality Transformation Sequence Macro

C.X.8.4.20 M

MR Metabolic Map Sequence Macro C.X.8.4.21 M


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C.8.Y.3.2 MR Spectroscopy FOV/Geometry Sequence Macro

Table C.8-Y.5MR SPECTROSCOPY FOV/GEOMETRY SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Spectroscopy FOV/Geometry Sequence

(0018,x103) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR Spectroscopy FOV/Geometry Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>MR Spectroscopy Acquisition Matrix

(0018,x127) 1C Dimensions of the acquired data before reconstruction. A multi-value attribute, five values have to be provided:

Value 1: Number of data point rows

Value 2: Number of data point columns

Value 3: Number of phase encoding rows

Value 4: Number of phase encoding columns

Value 5: Number of out-of plane phase encoding steps. Equals 1 in case MR acquisition Type (0018,0023) equals 2D.


>Percent Sampling (0018,0093) 1C Fraction of acquisition matrix lines acquired, expressed as a percent.Required if Geometry of k-Space Traversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.

>Percent Phase Field of View (0018,0094) 1C Ratio of field of view dimension in phase direction to field of view dimension in frequency direction, expressed as a percent.Required if Geometry of k-Space Traversal (0018,x032) equals RECTILINEAR.


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C.8.Y.3.3 MR Spectroscopy Modifier SequenceTable C.8-Y.6

MR SPECTROSCOPY MODIFIER SEQUENCE MACRO ATTRIBUTESAttribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionMR Spectroscopy Modifier Sequence

(0018,x095) 1 Identifies sequence containing MR Spectroscopy modifier Sequence Attributes. Only one item may be included in this sequence.

>Inversion Recovery (0018,x009) 1 Inversion Recovery preparatory sequence.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>Inversion Times (0018,x079) 1C Times in msec after the middle of inverting RF pulse to middle of excitation pulse to detect the amount of longitudinal magnetization.Required if Inversion Recovery (0018,x009) equals YES.

>Flow Compensation (0018,x010) 1 Flow Compensation. Defined Terms:

ACCELERATIONVELOCITYNONE

>Spoiling (0018,x016) 1C Spoiling.Enumerated Values:

RF for RF spoiledGRADIENT for gradient

spoiledNONE

Required only if Gradient Echo Pulse-Sequence (0018,x013) equals YES.

>Magnetization Transfer (0018,x020) 1 Magnetization Transfer pulse-sequence. Enumerated Values:

YESNO

>T2 Preparation (0018,x021) 1 T2 prepared pulse-sequence.Enumerated Values:

ON_RESONANCEOFF_RESONANCENONE

>Diffusion Contrast Preparation Direction

(0018,x023) 1 Diffusion contrast preparation direction.Enumerated Values:

MULTIPLESINGLENONE

>Spectrally Selected Excitation (0018,x026) 1 Spectrally Selected Excitation. Enumerated Values:

WATER for water excitationFAT for fat excitation


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NONE >Spatial Pre-saturation (0018,x027) 1 Spatial Pre-saturation.

Defined Terms:SLABNONE

>Partial Fourier (0018,x081) 1 Partial FourierEnumerated Values:

YESNO

>Partial Fourier Direction (0018,x036) 1C Direction of partial Fourier. Enumerated Values:

PHASEFREQUENCYSLICE SELECTCOMBINATION

Required if Partial Fourier (0018,x081) equals YES.

> Parallel Acquisition (0018,x077) 1 Parallel acquisition has been used to reduce measurement time.Enumerated Values:

YESNO

> Parallel Acquisition Technique (0018,x078) 1C Parallel acquisition characteristics.Enumerated Values:

IMAGE-SPACE BASEDK-SPACE BASEDOTHER


> Parallel Reduction Factors (0018,x069) 1C Parallel Reduction Factor: A multi-value attribute, two values has to be provided:

Value 1: Measurement time reduction factor in phase direction expressed as ratio of original and reduced measurement time.

Value 2: Measurement time reduction factor in out of phase direction expressed as ratio of original and reduced measurement time.



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C.8.Y.5 MR Spectroscopy Data ModuleTable C.8-Y.6 specifies the attributes that describe the Spectroscopy Data.

Table C. 8-Y.7MR SPECTROSCOPY DATA MODULE

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionData Point Rows (0028,x001) 1 Number of rows of data points in

spectroscopic data.Data Point Columns (0028,x002) 1 Number of columns of data points in

spectroscopic data.

Data Representation (0028,x108) 1 Data representation of the spectral samples. Each sample shall have the same representation.Enumerated Values:

0000H =Data is complex pair 0001H =Data contains only real

component0002H =Data contains only

imaginary component0003H =Magnitude data

Signal Domain (0028,x003) 1 Domain of represented signal.Enumerated Values:

FREQUENCYTIME

Spectroscopic Data (7FE0,x109) 1 A data stream of the signal intensities that comprise the spectroscopic data. See C.8.Y.8.1 for further explanation.

C.8.Y.8.1 Spectroscopic DataThe Spectroscopic Data attribute (7FE0,x109) contains the Signal intensities for the spectra. The order of voxels sent for each spectral plane is left to right, top to bottom, i.e., the upper left voxel (labeled 1,1) is sent first followed by the remainder of row 1, followed by the first voxel of row 2 (labeled 2,1) then the remainder of row 2 and so on. Each "voxel" represents an entire spectrum. The complete spectral data from each voxel is sent, followed by the spectral data from the next voxel position.

For a Data Representation (0028,0018) value of 0000H (complex pair), the order of data points is real channel followed by imaginary channel for at each spectral data point. For Data Representations value 0001H - 0003H, each spectral data point contains only a single value.

The spectral data points are ordered from downfield to upfield when the Signal Domain attribute contains the value FREQUENCY, or from first sample acquired to last sample acquired when Signal Domain contains the value TIME.

For two-dimensional spectral acquisitions, the ordering is all data points from a row (corresponding to all data points acquired in an individual sampling period), followed by all data points from the successive sampling period. Following all of the rows from a given voxel position, the data from the subsequent voxel position are sent. The axis parallel to the row direction corresponds to the sampling time axis. The axis parallel to the column direction corresponds to the evolution time axis.


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Add the following sections to Annex C

C.X RAW DATA SPECIFIC MODULES

The following Modules are used by the Raw Data IOD

C.X.1 Raw Data ModuleTable C.X-1 specifies the attributes that describe a raw data stream.

Table C.X-1RAW DATA MODULE ATTRIBUTES

Attribute Name Tag Type Attribute DescriptionInstance Number (0020,0013) 2 A number that identifies this instance.

Note: This Attribute was named Image Number in earlier versions of this Standard.





Creator - Version UID (0008,x123) 1 Unique identification of the creator of the raw data set. See section C.X.1.1 for further explanation.

Referenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) 3 A sequence that provides reference to a set of Image SOP Class/Instance pairs identifying other images significantly related to this. See Section C.8.X.4.9.1 for further explanation. One or more Items may be included in this Sequence.Required if the image has been planned on another image.

>Referenced SOP Class UID (0008,1150) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Class. Required if Referenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) is sent.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID (0008,1155) 1C Uniquely identifies the referenced SOP Instance. Required if Reference Image Sequence (0008,1140) is sent.

>Referenced Frame Number (0008,1160) 3 References one or more image frames of a Multi-frame Image SOP Instance, identifying which frames are significantly related to this image.

Include any private attributes that contain Raw Data information. See section C.X.1.2 for further explanation.


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C.X.1.1 Creator - Version UIDThe Creator - Version UID (0008,x123) UID identifies the equipment and version of the software that has created the Raw Data information. The UID has to be vendor specific to enable an unambiguous identification to prevent accessing raw data with an unknown format.

C.X.1.2 Raw DataThe Raw Data stored with the Raw Data Module consists of one or more private attributes that are vendor specific. No rules are specified about the content and format of the raw data.


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Part 4: Service Class Specifications


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B.5 STANDARD SOP CLASSES

Add to Table B.5-1

Table B.5-1Standard SOP Classes

SOP Class SOP Class UID IOD Specification (defined in PS 3.3)

Enhanced MR Image Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1 Enhanced MR ImageMR Spectroscopy Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.2 MR Spectroscopy

MR Raw Data Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.3 MR Raw Data

I.4 MEDIA STORAGE SOP CLASS

Add to Table I.4-1

Table I.4-1Media Storage Standard SOP Classes

SOP Class SOP Class UID IOD Specification

Enhanced MR Image Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1 defined in PS 3.3

MR Spectroscopy Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.2 defined in PS 3.3MR Raw Data Storage 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.3 defined in PS 3.3


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Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding


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Add to Table 6.2-1

Table 6.2-1DICOM VALUE REPRESENTATIONS

VRName

Definition Character Repertoire

Length of Value

… … … …

OFOther Float String

A string of 32-bit IEEE 754:1985 floating point words. OF is a VR which requires byte swapping within each 32-bit word when changing between Little Endian and Big Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3).

not applicable 2 32 -4 maximum

… … … …

Modify section 6.4

6.4 VALUE MULTIPLICITY (VM) AND DELIMITATION

…

Data Elements with a VR of SQ, OF, OW, OB or UN shall always have a Value Multiplicity of one.

Modify section 7.1.2

7.1.2 Data Element Structure With Explicit VRWhen using the Explicit VR structures, the Data Element shall be constructed of four consecutive fields: Data Element Tag, VR, Value Length, and Value. Depending on the VR of the Data Element, the Data Element will be structured in one of two ways:

for VRs of OB, OW, SQ and UN the 16 bits following the two character VR Field are reserved for use by later versions of the DICOM Standard. These reserved bytes shall be set to 0000H and shall not be used or decoded (Table 7.1-1). The Value Length Field is a 32-bit unsigned integer. If the Value Field has an Explicit Length, then the Value Length Field shall contain a value equal to the length (in bytes) of the Value Field. Otherwise, the Value Field has an Undefined Length and a Sequence Delimitation Item marks the end of the Value Field.

for VRs of UT and OF the 16 bits following the two character VR Field are reserved for use by later versions of the DICOM Standard. These reserved bytes shall be set to 0000H and shall not be used or decoded. The Value Length Field is a 32-bit unsigned integer. The Value Field is required to have an Explicit Length, that is the Value Length Field shall contain a value equal to the length (in bytes) of the Value Field.

Note:VRs of UT and OF may not have an Undefined Length, i.e. A Value Length of FFFFFFFFH.

for all other VRs the Value Length Field is the 16-bit unsigned integer following the two character VR Field (Table 7.1-2). The value of the Value Length Field shall equal the length of the Value Field.


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Table 7.1-1DATA ELEMENT WITH EXPLICIT VR OF OB, OW, OF, SQ OR UN

Tag VR Value Length ValueGroup Number (16-bit unsigned integer)

Element Number (16-bit unsigned integer)

VR(2 byte character string) of "OB", "OW", “OF”, “SQ” or "UN"

Reserved (2 bytes) set to a value of 0000H

32-bit unsigned integer

Even number of bytes containing the Data Element Value(s) encoded according to the VR and negotiated Transfer Syntax. Delimited with Sequence Delimitation Item if of Undefined Length.

2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 'Value Length' bytes if of Explicit Length

Table 7.1-2DATA ELEMENT WITH EXPLICIT VR OTHER THAN OB, OW, OF, SQ OR UN

Tag VR Value Length ValueGroup Number(16-bit unsigned integer)

Element Number(16-bit unsigned integer)

VR(2 byte character string)

(16-bit unsigned integer)

Even number of bytes containing the Data Element Value(s) encoded according to the VR and negotiated Transfer Syntax.

2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 'Value Length' bytes

Modify section 7.3

7.3 BIG ENDIAN VERSUS LITTLE ENDIAN BYTE ORDERING

…

In the default case of Little Endian encoding, Big Endian Machines interpreting Data Sets shall do 'byte swapping' before interpreting or operating on certain Data Elements. The Data Elements affected are all those having VRs that are multiple byte Values and that are not a character string of 8-bit single byte codes. VRs constructed of a string of characters of 8-bit single byte codes are really constructed of a string of individual bytes, and are therefore not affected by byte ordering. The VRs that are not a string of characters and consist of multiple bytes are:

2-byte US, SS, OW and each component of AT 4-byte OF, UL, SL, and FL 8 byte FD

of ensuring its uniqueness.


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Part 6: Data Dictionary


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Add the following rows to Section 6

Tag Name VR VM(0018,x007) Frame Type DF 1(0008,x120) Referenced Spectroscopy Sequence SQ 1(0008,x121) Referenced Raw Data Sequence SQ 1(0008,x122) Referenced Waveform Sequence SQ 1(0008,x123) Creator-Version UID UI 1(0008,x124) Multi Frame Header Sequence SQ 1(0008,x092) Referring Image Evidence Sequence SQ 1(0008,x154) Source Image Evidence Sequence SQ 1(0008,x155) MR Spectroscopy Evidence Sequence SQ 1

Tag Name VR VM(0018,x004) Production Mode CS 1(0018,x005) Pulse Sequence Name SH 1(0018,x006) Product Pulse- Sequence CS 1(0018,x008) Spin Echo Pulse-Sequence CS 1(0018,x009) Inversion Recovery CS 1(0018,x010) Flow Compensation CS 1(0018,x011) Multiple Spin Echo CS 1(0018,x012) Multi-planar Excitation CS 1(0018,x013) Gradient Echo Pulse-Sequence CS 1(0018,x014) Phase Contrast CS 1(0018,x015) Time of Flight Contrast CS 1(0018,x016) Spoiled CS 1(0018,x017) Steady State Pulse-Sequence CS 1(0018,x018) Echo Planar Pulse-Sequence CS 1(0018,x019) Tag Angle FL 2(0018,x020) Magnetization Transfer CS 1(0018,x021) T2 Preparation CS 1(0018,x022) Blood Signal Nulling CS 1(0018,x023) Diffusion Contrast Preparation Direction CS 1(0018,x024) Saturation Recovery CS 1(0018,x025) Spectrally Selected Suppression CS 1(0018,x026) Spectrally Selected Excitation CS 1(0018,x027) Spatial Pre-saturation CS 1(0018,x028) Tagging CS 1(0018,x029) Oversampling Phase CS 1


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Tag Name VR VM(0018,x030) Tag Spacing FL 1-2(0018,x031) Cardiac Phase Selection CS 1(0018,x032) Geometry of k-Space Traversal CS 1(0018,x033) Segmented k-Space Traversal CS 1(0018,x034) Rectilinear Phase Encode Reordering CS 1(0018,x035) Tag Thickness FL 1(0018,x036) Partial Fourier Direction CS 1(0018,x037) Gating Technique CS 1(0018,x038) Gating Signal Type CS 1(0018,x039) Navigator Technique CS 1(0018,x040) Navigator Trigger Signal Type CS 1(0018,x041) Receive Coil Manufacturer Name LO 1(0018,x042) MR Receive Coil Sequence SQ 1(0018,x043) Receive Coil Type CS 1(0018,x044) Quadrature Receive Coil CS 1(0018,x045) Multi-Coil Definition Sequence SQ 1(0018,x046) Multi-Coil Configuration name for Annotation LO 1(0018,x047) Multi-Coil Element Name SH 1(0018,x048) Multi-Coil Element Used CS 1(0018,x049) MR Transmit Coil Sequence SQ 1(0018,x050) Transmit Coil Manufacturer Name LO 1(0018,x051) Transmit Coil Type CS 1(0018,x052) Spectral Width FL 1-2(0018,x053) Chemical Shift Reference FL 1-2(0018,x054) Volume Localization Technique CS 1(0018,x059) Decoupling CS 1(0018,x060) Decoupled Nucleus CS 1-2(0018,x061) Decoupling Frequency FD 1-2(0018,x062) Decoupling Method LO 1(0018,x063) Decoupling Chemical Shift Reference FL 1-2(0018,x064) k-space Filtering LO 1(0018,x065) Time Domain Filtering LO 1-2(0018,x066) Number of Zero fills US 1-2(0018,x067) Baseline Correction CS 1(0018,x068) Frequency Correction CS 1(0018,x069) Parallel Reduction Factors FL 2(0018,x070) Specified R-R Interval FL 1(0018,x073) Acquisition Duration FL 1(0018,x074) Frame Acquisition Datetime DT 1(0018,x075) Diffusion Directionality CS 1(0018,x076) Diffusion Gradient Direction Sequence SQ 1


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Tag Name VR VM(0018,x077) Parallel Acquisition CS 1(0018,x078) Parallel Acquisition Technique CS 1(0018,x079) Inversion Times FL 1-n(0018,x080) Metabolite Map Description ST 1(0018,x081) Partial Fourier CS 1(0018,x082) Effective Echo Time US 1(0018,x083) Effective Echo Number US 1(0018,x084) Chemical Shift FL 1-n(0018,x085) Cardiac Gating Signal Source CS 1(0018,x086) Navigator Trigger Signal Source CS 1(0018,x087) B Value FL 1(0018,x088) Diffusion Time Period US 1(0018,x089) Diffusion Gradient Encoding Orientation FL 3(0018,x090) Velocity Encoding Direction FL 3(0018,x091) Velocity Encoding Interval FL 3(0018,x093) Number of k-Space Trajectories US 1(0018,x094) Coverage of ky-kz Plane CS 1(0018,x095) MR Spectroscopy Modifier Sequence SQ 1(0018,x096) MR Acquisition Matrix US 3(0018,x097) Encoding Direction CS 3(0018,x098) Transmit Frequency DF 1-2(0018,x100) Resonant Nucleus CS 1(0018,x101) Frequency Correction CS 1(0018,x102) MR Spectroscopy Timing and Related Parameters

SequenceSQ 1

(0018,x103) MR FOV/Geometry Sequence SQ 1(0018,x104) Slab Thickness FL 1(0018,x105) Slab Orientation (Patient) FL 3(0018,x106) Mid Slab Position FL 3(0018,x107) MR Spatial Saturation Sequence SQ 1(0018,x112) MR Timing and Related Parameters Sequence SQ 1(0018,x114) MR Echo Sequence SQ 1(0018,x115) MR Modifier Sequence SQ 1(0018,x117) MR Diffusion Sequence SQ 1(0018,x118) Physiological Synchronization Sequence SQ 1(0018,x119) MR Averages Sequence SQ 1(0018,x125) MR FOV/Geometry Sequence SQ 1(0018,x126) Volume Localization Sequence SQ 1(0018,x127) MR Spectroscopy Acquisition Matrix US 5(0018,x146) Physiological Phase Reordering CS 1(0018,x147) Diffusion Anisotropy Type CS 1


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Tag Name VR VM(0018,x148) Diffusion Anisotropy Annotation LO 1(0018,x151) Frame Reference Datetime DT 1(0018,x152) Metabolic Map Sequence SQ 1

Tag Name VR VM(0020,x055) Station Index US 1(0020,x056) Stack Index US 1(0020,x057) In-Stack Position Index US 1(0020,x058) Image Orientation Index US 1(0020,x099) Trigger Delay Time Index US 1(0020,x071) General Frame Anatomy Sequence SQ 1(0020,x072) Frame Laterality CS 1(0020,x111) General Content Sequence SQ 1(0020,x113) General Plane Position Sequence SQ 1(0020,x116) General Plane Orientation Sequence SQ 1(0020,x128) Temporal Position Index US 1(0020,x129) Diffusion B Value Index US 1(0020,x130) Echo Number Index US 1(0020,x131) Metabolic Map Index US 1(0020,x132) Frame Index US 1(0020,x133) Concatenation UID UI 1(0020,x134) Number of Stations US 1(0020,x135) Number of Stacks US 1(0020,x136) Number of In-Stack Positions US 1(0020,x137) Number of Image Orientations US 1(0020,x138) Number of Trigger Delay Times US 1(0020,x139) Number of Temporal Positions US 1(0020,x140) Number of Diffusion B Values US 1(0020,x141) Number of Metabolite Maps US 1(0020,x142) Number of Echo's US 1(0020,x143) Number of Frame IDs US 1(0020,x149) Number of Image Positions US 1(0020,x150) Image Position Index US 1(0020,x153) Trigger Delay Time Index FL 1

Tag Name VR VM(0028,x001) Data Point Rows UL 1(0028,x002) Data Point Columns UL 1(0028,x003) Signal Domain CS 1


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Tag Name VR VM(0028,x108) Data Representation CS 1(0028,x110) General Image FOV Sequence SQ 1(0028,x145) General Modality Transformation Sequence SQ 1

Tag Name VR VM(0040,x144) Real World Decimal Scaling SS 1

Tag Name VR VM(7FE0,x109) Spectroscopy Data OF 1

Add the following rows to Table A-1

UID Value UID Name UID Type Part1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1 Enhanced MR Image Storage SOP Class PS 3.41.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.2 MR Spectroscopy Storage SOP Class PS 3.41.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.3 MR Raw Data Storage SOP Class PS 3.4


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Part 11: Media Storage Application Profiles


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Add the Following Annex to Part 11.

Annex X (Normative) - MR Enhanced Image Application Profiles

X.1 PROFILE IDENTIFICATION

This Annex defines Application Profiles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging interchange and storage of MR images, Spectroscopy and Raw Data on high capacity re-writeable magneto-optical disks (MOD) and CD-R uncompressed and with lossless compression.

Table X.1-1STD-MR PROFILES

Application Profile Identifier DescriptionMR Studies on 2.3GB MOD STD-MR-MOD23 Handles Multi-frame 8 or 16 bit

grayscale with supplemental palette color, uncompressed and lossless compressed images.

MR Studies on 4.1GB MOD STD-MR-MOD41 Handles Multi-frame 8 or 16 bit grayscale with supplemental palette color, uncompressed and lossless compressed images.

MR Studies on CD-R STD-MR-CD Handles Multi-frame 8 or 16 bit grayscale with optional supplemental palette color, uncompressed and lossless compressed images.

X.2 CLINICAL CONTEXT

These Application Profiles facilitate the interchange and storage of primary MR with certain defined attributes, including grayscale and optional supplemental palette color images. Typical interchanges would be between acquisition devices, archives and workstations, within and between institutions.

X.2.1 Roles and Service Class OptionsThese Application Profiles uses the Media Storage Service Class defined in PS 3.4 with the Interchange Option.

The Application Entity shall support one or more of the roles of File-set Creator, File-set Reader, and File-set Updater, defined in PS 3.10.

X.2.1.1 File Set CreatorThe Application entity acting as a File-Set Creator generates a File Set under a STD-MR Application Profile. Typical entities using this role would include MR equipment, and archive systems that generate a patient record for transfer to another institution. File Set Creators shall be able to generate the Basic Directory SOP Class in the DICOMDIR File with all types of Directory Records related to the SOP Classes stored in the File-set.

Note: A multiple volume (a logical volume that can cross multiple physical media) is not supported by this class of Application profile. If a set of Files, e.g., a Study, cannot be written entirely on one physical volume, the FSC will create multiple independent DICOM File-sets such that each File-set can reside on a single physical volume controlled by its individual DICOMDIR file. The user of the FSC


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can opt to use written labels on the physical volumes to indicate that there is more than one physical volume for this set of files (e.g., a study).

X.2.1.2 File Set ReaderThe role of File Set Reader is used by Application Entities which receive a transferred File Set. Typical entities using this role would include display workstations, and archive systems that receive a patient record transferred from another institution. File Set Readers shall be able to read all the SOP Classes defined for the specific Application Profile for which a Conformance Statement is made, using all the defined Transfer Syntaxes.

X.2.1.3 File Set UpdaterThe role of File Set Updater is used by Application Entities which receive a transferred File Set and update it by the addition of information. Typical entities using this role would include analytic workstations, which, for instance, may add to the File-set an information object containing a processed image. Stations that update patient information objects would also use this role. File-set Updaters do not have to read the images. File-set Updaters shall be able to generate one or more of the SOP Instances defined for the specific Application Profile, for which a conformance statement is made, and to read and update the DICOMDIR file.

Note: The File-set Updater will be able to update information assuming there is enough space on the volume to write a new DICOMDIR file and the information.

X.3 STD-MR PROFILES

X.3.1 SOP Classes and Transfer SyntaxesThese Application Profiles are based on the Media Storage Service Class with the Interchange Option (see PS 3.4).

SOP Classes and corresponding Transfer Syntaxes supported by these Application Profiles are specified in the Table X.3-1.


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Table X.3-1STD-MR SOP CLASSES AND TRANSFER SYNTAXES

Information Object

Definition

Service Object Pair Class UID

Transfer Syntax and UID

FSC Requirement

FSR Requirement

FSU Requirement

Basic Directory 1.2.840.10008.1.3.10

Explicit VR Little Endian Uncompressed1.2.840.10008.1.2.1

Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory

Enhanced MR Image

1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1

JPEG Lossless Process 14 (selection value 1)1.2.840.10008.1.2.4.70

Optional Mandatory Optional

Enhanced MR Image

1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1



MR Spectroscopy

1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.2



MR Raw Data 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.3


Optional Optional Optional

X.3.2 Physical Medium And Medium FormatThe STD-MR-MOD23 application profile requires the 130 mm 2.3GB R/W MOD physical medium with the PCDOS Media Format, as defined in PS 3.12.

The STD-MR-MOD41 application profile requires the 130 mm 4.1GB R/W MOD physical medium with the PCDOS Media Format, as defined in PS 3.12.

The STD-MR-CD application profile requires the 120 mm CD-R physical medium with the ISO 9660 Media Format, as defined in PS 3.12.

X.3.3 Directory Information in DICOMDIRConformant Application Entities shall include in the DICOMDIR File a Basic Directory IOD containing Directory Records at the Patient and subsidiary levels appropriate to the SOP Classes in the File-set. All DICOM files in the File-set incorporating SOP Instances defined for the specific Application Profile shall be referenced by Directory Records.

Note: DICOMDIRs with no directory information are not allowed by this Application Profile.

X.3.3.1 Additional KeysFile Set Creators and Updaters are required to generate the mandatory elements specified in PS 3.3, Annex F of the standard. Table X.3-2 specifies the additional associated keys. At each directory record level other additional data elements can be added, but it is not required that File Set Readers be able to use them as keys. Refer to the Basic Directory IOD in PS 3.3.

X.3.3.2 Localizer Related AttributesDirectory Records of type IMAGE shall include the mandatory attributes from the Frame of Reference module, if present in the composite image object, as specified in PS3.3 and included in Table X.3-2, in order to allow the image to be referenced to a localizer image or other orthogonal image. The Rows


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(0028,0010) and Columns (0028,0011) attributes are required in order to facilitate annotation of such a localizer.

X.3.3.3 Icon ImagesDirectory Records of type SERIES or IMAGE may include Icon Images. The icon pixel data shall be as specified in PS 3.3 Icon Image Key Definition, and restricted such that Photometric Interpretation (0028,0004) shall be MONOCHROME2, Bits Allocated (0028,0100) and Bits Stored (0028,0101) shall be equal to 8, and Rows (0028,0010) and Columns (0028,0011) shall be equal to 64.

X.3.4 Other ParametersThis section defines other parameters in the STD-MR profiles which need to be specified in order to ensure interoperable information interchange.

Table X.3-2STD-MR Additional DICOMDIR Keys

Key Attribute Tag Record Type Type NotesReferenced Image Sequence

(0008,1140) IMAGE 1C Required if present in image object and outside Multi-Frame Header (0008,x124).

>Referenced SOP Class UID

(0008,1150) IMAGE 1C Required if Referenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) is present.

>Referenced SOP Instance UID

(0008,1155) IMAGE 1C Required if Referenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) is present.

Frame of Reference UID (0020,0052) IMAGE 1C Required if present in image object.

Image Type (0008,0008) IMAGE 1Rows (0028,0010) IMAGE 1

Columns (0028,0011) IMAGE 1

Notes: 1. The Basic Directory Information Object definition in PS 3.3 defines the following attributes as Type 1 or 2: for PATIENT directory records: (0010,0010) Patient’s Name; for STUDY directory records: (0008,0050) Accession Number, (0008,0020) Study Date, (0008,1030) Study Description; for SERIES directory records: (0008,0060) Modality. Hence these are not redefined here.2. The Basic Directory Information Object definition in PS 3.3 allows for the optional inclusion of Icon Images at the IMAGE or SERIES level. These remain optional for this profile, and the choice of whether or not to include Icon Images for every image or series, or in a more selective manner, is left up to the implementer. X.3.3.3 describes restrictions that apply to Icon Images that are included in this profile.


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Index

(0008,0008)...................26, 29, 35, 42, 43, 56, 61, 64, 73, 95(0008,0020).........................................................................95(0008,0023).............................................................26, 64, 78(0008,002A).............................................................26, 64, 78(0008,0033).............................................................26, 64, 78(0008,0050).........................................................................95(0008,0060).........................................................................95(0008,0100).........................................................................23(0008,0102).........................................................................23(0008,1030).........................................................................95(0008,1140).................................................27, 52, 64, 78, 95(0008,1150).....................................26, 27, 52, 53, 64, 78, 95(0008,1155)...........................................27, 52, 53, 64, 78, 95(0008,1160).............................................................52, 53, 78(0008,2111).......................................................28, 29, 44, 65(0008,2112).............................................................27, 53, 65(0008,2218).......................................................21, 22, 23, 59(0008,2220)...................................................................22, 23(0008,2228)...................................................................22, 23(0008,2230).......................................................21, 22, 23, 59(0008,x007).............................................................29, 35, 61(0008,x092)...................................................................27, 64(0008,x120).............................................................27, 52, 65(0008,x121).............................................................26, 27, 64(0008,x122).........................................................................27(0008,x123)...................................................................78, 79(0008,x124)...........................................23, 24, 41, 43, 72, 95(0008,x154)...................................................................27, 65(0008,x155)...................................................................27, 65(0010,0010).........................................................................95(0018,0015).........................................................................22(0018,0023).............................................................37, 47, 70(0018,0080).........................................................................45(0018,0083).........................................................................58(0018,0087)...................................................................28, 65(0018,0091).........................................................................45(0018,0093)...................................................................47, 74(0018,0094)...................................................................47, 74(0018,0095).........................................................................50(0018,0x60).........................................................................69(0018,1060).........................................................................57(0018,1080).........................................................................40(0018,1081).........................................................................40(0018,1082).........................................................................40(0018,1083).........................................................................57(0018,1084).........................................................................57(0018,1085).........................................................................40(0018,1086).........................................................................57(0018,1088).........................................................................57(0018,1094).........................................................................57(0018,1242).........................................................................43(0018,1250).........................................................................54(0018,1251).........................................................................55(0018,1314).........................................................................45(0018,1316).........................................................................45(0018,1318).........................................................................45(0018,1800).............................................................26, 64, 78(0018,x004).............................................................28, 36, 65(0018,x005)...................................................................37, 70(0018,x006)...................................................................37, 70(0018,x007).........................................................................43(0018,x008)...................................................................37, 70(0018,x009)...................................................................48, 75(0018,x010)...................................................................48, 75

(0018,x011)...................................................................37, 70(0018,x012)...................................................................37, 70(0018,x013).......................................................37, 49, 70, 75(0018,x014).............................................................38, 50, 51(0018,x015).........................................................................38(0018,x016)...................................................................49, 75(0018,x017)...................................................................38, 71(0018,x018).......................................................37, 38, 70, 71(0018,x019).........................................................................50(0018,x020)...................................................................49, 75(0018,x021)...................................................................49, 75(0018,x022).........................................................................49(0018,x023)...................................................................49, 75(0018,x024).........................................................................38(0018,x025)...................................................................38, 71(0018,x026)...................................................................49, 76(0018,x027).......................................................42, 49, 73, 76(0018,x028)...................................................................49, 50(0018,x029).........................................................................38(0018,x030).........................................................................50(0018,x032).......................................................38, 47, 71, 74(0018,x033)...................................................................39, 71(0018,x034)...................................................................38, 71(0018,x035).........................................................................50(0018,x036)...................................................................50, 76(0018,x037).......................................................39, 42, 57, 73(0018,x038).................................................39, 40, 42, 57, 73(0018,x039).........................................................................40(0018,x040).......................................................40, 42, 57, 73(0018,x041).........................................................................54(0018,x042).........................................................................54(0018,x043).........................................................................54(0018,x044).........................................................................54(0018,x045).........................................................................54(0018,x046).........................................................................54(0018,x047).........................................................................54(0018,x048).........................................................................54(0018,x049).........................................................................55(0018,x050).........................................................................55(0018,x051).........................................................................55(0018,x052).........................................................................66(0018,x052),........................................................................68(0018,x053)...................................................................66, 69(0018,x054).........................................................................66(0018,x059)...................................................................66, 67(0018,x060).........................................................................67(0018,x061)...................................................................67, 69(0018,x062).........................................................................67(0018,x063)...................................................................67, 69(0018,x064).........................................................................67(0018,x065)...................................................................68, 69(0018,x066)...................................................................68, 69(0018,x067).........................................................................68(0018,x069)...................................................................51, 76(0018,x070).........................................................................39(0018,x073)...................................................................26, 64(0018,x074).........................................................................43(0018,x075).........................................................................56(0018,x076).........................................................................56(0018,x077)...................................................................51, 76(0018,x078)...................................................................51, 76(0018,x079)...................................................................48, 75(0018,x081)...................................................................50, 76(0018,x082).........................................................................48


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676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130

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(0018,x083).........................................................................48(0018,x085).........................................................................39(0018,x086)...................................................................40, 68(0018,x087).........................................................................56(0018,x088).........................................................................56(0018,x089).........................................................................56(0018,x090).........................................................................50(0018,x091).........................................................................51(0018,x093)...................................................................39, 71(0018,x094)...................................................................39, 71(0018,x095).........................................................................75(0018,x096).........................................................................47(0018,x097).........................................................................47(0018,x098)...................................................................50, 68(0018,X098).........................................................................65(0018,x100).............................................................28, 65, 68(0018,x103).........................................................................74(0018,x104)...................................................................59, 66(0018,x105)...................................................................59, 66(0018,x106)...................................................................59, 66(0018,x107).........................................................................59(0018,x112).........................................................................45(0018,x114).........................................................................48(0018,x115).........................................................................48(0018,x117).........................................................................56(0018,x118).........................................................................57(0018,x119).........................................................................58(0018,x125).........................................................................47(0018,x126).........................................................................66(0018,x127).........................................................................74(0018,x146).........................................................................40(0018,x147).........................................................................56(0018,x148).........................................................................56(0018,x151)...................................................................43, 46(0018,X152).........................................................................61(0020,0012).........................................................................43(0020,0013).............................................................26, 64, 78(0020,0032)...................................................................44, 62(0020,0037).........................................................................45(0020,0052)...................................................................52, 95(0020,0060).........................................................................21(0020,0062).............................................................21, 42, 73(0020,1041).........................................................................43(0020,4000).............................................................28, 44, 65(0020,x055)................................................................44, 62(0020,x056)................................................................44, 62(0020,x057)................................................................44, 62(0020,x058)................................................................45, 62(0020,x071).........................................................................59(0020,x072).........................................................................59

(0020,x099)...................................................................57, 62(0020,x111).........................................................................43(0020,x113).........................................................................44(0020,x116).........................................................................45(0020,x128)................................................................43, 62(0020,x129)................................................................56, 62(0020,x130)................................................................48, 62(0020,x131)...................................................................61, 62(0020,x132)...................................................................44, 62(0020,x133).........................................................................63(0020,x149).........................................................................62(0020,x150)................................................................44, 62(0020,x153).........................................................................57(0028,0002)...................................................................27, 34(0028,0004).............................................................27, 34, 95(0028,0008)...................................................................26, 64(0028,0010).........................................................................95(0028,0011).........................................................................95(0028,0018).........................................................................77(0028,0030).........................................................................43(0028,0100).......................................................27, 35, 36, 95(0028,0101).............................................................28, 36, 95(0028,0102)...................................................................28, 36(0028,1052).........................................................................60(0028,1053).........................................................................60(0028,2110).........................................................................28(0028,2112).........................................................................29(0028,3000).........................................................................60(0028,3002).........................................................................60(0028,3003).........................................................................60(0028,3004).........................................................................60(0028,3006).........................................................................60(0028,x001).........................................................................77(0028,x002).........................................................................77(0028,x003).........................................................................77(0028,x080).........................................................................61(0028,x084).........................................................................61(0028,x108).........................................................................77(0028,x110).........................................................................43(0028,x145).........................................................................60(0040,A30A)........................................................................60(0040,x144).........................................................................60(7FE0,x109).........................................................................771.2.840.10008.1.2.1.............................................................941.2.840.10008.1.2.4.70........................................................941.2.840.10008.1.3.10...........................................................941.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.1...........................................81, 941.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.2...........................................81, 941.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.x.3...........................................81, 94


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working document 49 - dicomdicom.nema.org/dicom/supps/sup49_pc.doc · web viewsequences starting...

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