working conditions in europe: work, health, msds findings of the fourth european working conditions...
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Working conditions in Europe: Working conditions in Europe:
Work, health, MSDsWork, health, MSDs
Findings of the Fourth European Working Findings of the Fourth European Working Conditions surveyConditions survey
EWCO Comparative analytical report on MSDEWCO Comparative analytical report on MSD
The varieties of sources on MSDs reportingThe varieties of sources on MSDs reporting
1. Both registers and employees surveys: standard case of “continental” and “Nordic” MS + CZ BG EE
2. Only registers: most Southern and Eastern countries
3. Administrative sources and surveys both to employers and workers: NL ES
4. Differentiated sets of sources (registers + bilateral surveys + doctors/epidemiological surveys) : FR, UK
5. Epidemiological studies and labour inspectorates: LU
Costs monitoring: Costs monitoring: Drawing some typologyDrawing some typology
No estimate Direct costs Productivity losses
Productivity / employability
losses Only registers BE, CY, EL, HU,
IE, IT, PT, RO**, LV, MT, PL, SI
SK* LT
Registers and surveys
CZ AT, BG, FI, NO, SE***
DK
Registers and bilateral surveys
ES EE* DE
Differentiated sets of sources
FR** UK, NL
Other LU*
Note: * jointly with occupational accidents, **planned, ***informal estimate. Source: EWCO correspondents 2005–2006
15 years of working conditions surveys15 years of working conditions surveys
More women in the workforce but gender segregation remains (23% of occupations are gender mixed), more women managers but the majority of women remain in lowest levels of earnings (part time etc.)
Temporary employment on the increase (14 %) The move to the service economy is increasing but manufacturing and agriculture still account for
more than a third of employment The majority of households (55%) are dual earners households, 30% of households have one
earner only Reduction of weekly working hours due to a combination of
- increase in part time work : 33% of women and 4% of men- decrease of ‘long hours’ : 14% of employed and 44% of the self employed work 48+/w
Regular fixed hours of work remain the norm : 55 % of workers work the same number of house every day, 70% the same number of days per week, 60%
have fixed working hours Hours of work are determined by employers in 56% of instances with no possibility for change
higher level of work life balance for those having regular and fixed hours of work Work intensity is on the increase but autonomy increase and social support does not compensate
for it Higher use of ICT technology at work No improvement in access to training by employees over the last 15 years in Europe
Slightly less cognitive demands Slightly less cognitive demands
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Assessingyourself the
quality of yourown work
Solvingunforeseenproblems on
your own
Learning newthings
Monotonoustasks
1995 EU15 2000 EU15 2005 EU25 (2005) EU15 (2005) NMS
Job autonomyJob autonomy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
high skilledwhite collar
low skilled whitecollar
high skilled bluecollar
low skilled bluecollar
choose or change your order of tasks choose or change your methods of work
choose or change your speed or rate of work influence over working partners
can always take a break when you wish
Health and work Health and work
15% of workers are not well informed about risks linked to their work
28% report that their health and safety is at risk because of their work
Exposure to physical risks have remain stable at the best. New indicators contribute to assessing psychosocial risks
35% report that their work affects their health
MSDs, stress, fatigue are the most reported health problems
Heath and workHeath and workHealth at risk because of work
0
10
20
30
40
EU12 EU15 EU15 EU25
1990 1995 2000 2005
Consider health at risk because of w ork
Not w ell-informed regarding w orkplace risks
Exposure to physical risks stable or on the increase Exposure to physical risks stable or on the increase
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Vibrations Noise Low temps Breathing insmoke, fumes,
dust orpowder
Handlingchemical
products /substances
Radiation(welding light
etc)
Painful, tiringpositions
Repetitivehand or armmovements
1990 EU12 1995 EU15 2000 EU15 2005 EU25 2005 EU25 2005 OMS 2005 NMS
The 2 most frequent risks are gender neutralThe 2 most frequent risks are gender neutral
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
m f m f
Painful/tiring movements Repetitive hand / arm movements
%
All/almost all time Quarter of time and more
Male higher risksMale higher risks
0
10
20
30
40
50
m f m f m f
Vibrations Noise Breathing in smoke,fumes, powder, dust
%
All/almost all time Quarter of time and more
Female higher risksFemale higher risks
Physical risks by genderFemale higher risk
02468
1012
m f m f
Handling infectious materials Lifting / moving people
%
All/almost all time Quarter of time and more
Combined working hours : women work the longestCombined working hours : women work the longest(EU27 only)
21.3
43.1
40.0
7.3
32.7
7.9
23.0
23.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
male
female
male
female
Par
t-tim
eFu
ll-tim
e
Paid working hours main job +Paid working hours second job+Commuting time +Unpaid working hours
Subjective evaluations of work / psychosocial Subjective evaluations of work / psychosocial conditionsconditions
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
At work, you have theopportunity to do what you do
best.
Your job gives you the feeling ofwork well done.
You are able to apply your ownideas in your work.
You find your job intellectuallydemanding
You find your job emotionallydemanding (men)
You find your job emotionallydemanding (women)
Almost always Often Sometimes Rarely Almost never
Health and safety at risk because of workHealth and safety at risk because of work
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EL LV RO SE PL SI BG LT EE ES SK CY MT HU PT LUEU
27IT FI BE CZ IE DK AT FR NL UK DE
My work affect my health by sectors and My work affect my health by sectors and status of employmentstatus of employment
61,3
44,3
39,7
37,9
37,4
33,9
33,2
30,6
29,8
27,6
26,9
21,2
35,9
45,9
34,4
32,6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Agriculture and fishing
Construction
Manufacture and mining
Transport and cummunication
Education and health
Electricity, gas and water supply
Hotels and restaurants
Public adminsitration and and defence
Other services
Wholesale and retail trade
Real estate
Financial intermediation
Employers
Self-employed
Permanent employee
Non-permanent employee
Impact of work on healthImpact of work on health
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Work affects health
Reported symptoms:
Backache
Muscular pains
Stress
Fatigue
Headache
Irritability
Anxiety
Hearing
Respiratory
EU15 NMS
18
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
EL SI PL LV RO EE SK LT CY HU PT BG ES MT SE FI LU EU27
IT AT DK CZ FR BE DE IE NL UK
Backache Muscular pain
Reported backache and muscular pain, by country (%)Reported backache and muscular pain, by country (%)New member states over the EU averageNew member states over the EU average
Source: 4th EWCS (2005)
Factor analysis : healthFactor analysis : health
Sector, occupation and occupational status, EU27
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacture and mining
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport and cummunication
Financial intermediation
Real estate
Public adminsitration and and
defence
Education and health
Other services
Legislators, senior offi cials and
managers
Professionals
Technicians and associate
professionals
ClerksService, shop and market sales
workers
Skilled agricultural and fishery
workers
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and
assemblers
Elementary occupations
Armed forces Employers
Self-employed
Permanent employee
Non-permanent employee
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
+ Psychological
- Psychological
- Physical + Physical
Factor 1
(variance
explained: 23%)
Factor 2
(variance
explained: 19%)
Repetitive movements and health outcomes Repetitive movements and health outcomes
05
1015202530354045
All of thetime
Almost all ofthe time
Around 3/4of the time
Around halfof the time
Around 1/4of the time
Almost never Never
%
muscular pains in neck, shoulders and limbs backache
Health and work organisation : an example Health and work organisation : an example Intensity
No time to w ork ++
No time to w ork +
No time to w ork +/-
No time to w ork --
No tight deadlines
Tight deadlines ---
Tight deadlines ++
Tight deadlines +++
No high speed High speed ---
High speed ++
High speed +++
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
+ Psychological strain
- Psychological strain
- Physical + Physical
