work with disks

Compress a Drive ..........................................344

Adjust Free Space on a Compressed Drive....350

Compress Part of a Drive ..............................352

Uncompress a Drive ......................................356

Using Compression Agent ............................360

15) COMPRESS A DRIVE

Introduction to Microsoft Backup ................362

Back Up Files ................................................364

Open an Existing Backup Job........................370

Change Backup Job Options..........................372

Restore Files ..................................................376

16) BACK UP INFORMATION

Format Floppy Disks ....................................300

Copy Floppy Disks ........................................304

Display Version and Registration Number ....306

Check Performance Status ............................307

Rename a Disk ..............................................308

View Amount of Disk Space ..........................309

Use Disk Cleanup to Remove

Unneeded Files ..........................................310

Check for Disk Errors....................................312

Defragment Your Hard Drive ........................316

Schedule a New Task ....................................320

Change a Scheduled Task ..............................324

Using the Maintenance Wizard ....................328

Convert Your Drive to FAT32........................332

Create More Disk Space ................................336

Change Role of Computer ............................338

Change Power Management Settings ............340

Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • WinWindows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 •ows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Windows® 98 • Win

14) DISK MANAGEMENT

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‡ Click the capacityof the disk.

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■ You can click this option if you do not want to name the disk ( changes to ).

° Click the type of formatyou want to perform ( changes to ).

· Click this area to name the disk. Then type a name for the disk.

Á Click this area tospecify how muchinformation the diskcan hold.

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1.44 Mb (3.5")

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How can I tell if a disk is formatted?Windows will tell you if a disk is not formatted when you try toview the contents of the disk. Youcannot tell if a disk is formattedjust by looking at it.

A friend gave me a disk withdocuments on it, but Windows tells me the disk is not formatted.What is wrong with the disk?

Either the disk has been formattedusing a different file system, like the system used on Macintoshcomputers, or the disk has beendamaged.

How can I protect my disks fromdamage?

You can help protect your disks bykeeping them away from moisture,heat and magnets.

When should I use the Copy system files only format type?

You can use this type of format ifyou want to add system files to adisk. This is useful if you want to be able to use the disk to start yourcomputer. This type of format doesnot format the disk and does noterase any existing files on the disk.

⁄ Insert the disk you want to format into a drive.

¤ Double-click My Computer.

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■ The My Computerwindow appears.

‹ Click the drivecontaining the disk.

› Click File. ˇ Click Format.

■ The Format dialogbox appears.

Afloppy disk must beformatted before you can use it to store

information.

When you purchase a new box of blank disks, you may need toformat the disks so they can beused to store files. You can alsobuy formatted disks.

If the disk you want to formathas already been used, make sure the disk does not containinformation you want to keep.

Formatting will remove all theinformation on a disk.

Disks are available in twocapacities. A double-density diskcan hold 720 KB of information.A high-density disk can holdtwice that amount, or 1.44 MB.

The Quick (erase) format typeremoves all files but does notcheck the disk for damaged areas.This type of format is useful for a disk that was previouslyformatted. You should only use

this type of format if you are surethe disk is not damaged.

The Full format type removes all files and checks the disk fordamaged areas. If Windows findsbad areas on the disk, the areasare marked so they will not beused to store information.

Windows allows you to label thedisk so you can easily identify it later.

CHAPTER 14: DISK MANAGEMENT

FORMAT FLOPPY DISKS

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¡ Click Close toclose the dialog box.

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™ Click Close to closethe Format dialog box.

■ To format anotherdisk, insert the disk andthen repeat steps 6 to 12starting on page 301.

■ The Format Results dialogbox appears when the formatis complete. The dialog boxdisplays information about the formatted disk.

Note: The dialog box does notappear if you turned off the Displaysummary option in step 10.

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Instead of formatting the disk, I getan error message. What is wrong?

If you get an error message when youtry to format a disk, you should checkthe capacity setting you selected forthe disk. A damaged disk may alsocause an error message to appear.

Can I format disks from a WindowsExplorer window?

You can format a disk from a WindowsExplorer window by right-clicking thedrive containing the disk and thenselecting Format.

What should I do if a disk has badsectors?

If you have one or two damagedsectors, you can still use the disk tostore information. If a new disk hasmany damaged sectors, you shouldreturn the disk to the manufacturer for a replacement. If the disk has many damaged sectors and it is an old disk, throw out the disk.

‚ Click this option if you donot want to display summaryinformation about the diskwhen the format is complete( changes to ).

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— Click this option if you want to add the system files to the disk so you can use the disk to start the computer ( changes to ).

± Click Start to beginformatting the disk.

■ This area will displaythe progress of theformat.


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You can have Windowsdisplay summaryinformation about

the disk when the format iscomplete. The Format Resultsdialog box contains informationabout the disk, such as the total amount of disk space, the amount of space used by

the system files, the amount of space in bad sectors and thetotal available space on the disk.

You can have Windows copysystem files to the disk you areformatting. A disk with systemfiles can be used to start acomputer.

You should not copy the systemfiles to every disk you format.System files take up space on adisk. System files are also oftenthe target of viruses, which canput other files or your computerat risk.

FORMAT FLOPPY DISKSCONTINUED

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· Click OK to continue.

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‚ Click Close to closethe Copy Disk dialog box.

■ This message appearswhen the copy is complete.

Note: To copy another floppy disk, insert the disk into the drive and then click Start.

■ A dialog box appears,asking you to insert thefloppy disk you want toreceive the copy.

° Remove the floppy disk from the drive and then insert the disk youwant to receive the copy.

Do I need to format the disk I wantto receive the copy?

If the disk is unformatted, Windowswill format the disk as part of thecopy process.

Why did Windows display a messagesaying the floppy disk could not beformatted?

If the disk is inserted properly, check that the write-protect tab on the disk is closed. An error messagealso appears if you are copying thecontents of a high-density disk onto a double-density disk.

I made a copy from a double-densitydisk to a high-density disk, but the file names are not displayedcorrectly in the window.What should I do?

Remove the disk from the drive andthen reinsert it. Press the F5 key torefresh the window.

How can I make several copies of a floppy disk without having to reinsert the disk each time?

It may be faster to copy the contentsof the disk to a folder on the desktop.Then copy the information onto thedisks from the desktop.

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31/2 Floppy (A:) 31/2 Floppy (A:)

⁄ Insert the floppy disk you want to copy.

¤ Double-click MyComputer to display the contents of yourcomputer.

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‹ Right-click the drivecontaining the floppy disk. A menu appears.

› Click Copy Disk.

■ The Copy Disk dialogbox appears.

ˇ This area displays thedrive you will copy from.If more than one drive islisted, click the drive youwant to use.

Á This area displays thedrive you will copy to. Ifmore than one drive islisted, click the drive youwant to use.

‡ Click Start.

■ Windows copies theinformation from the floppy disk.

Windows makes it easyto copy a floppy disk.Copying a floppy disk

is useful when you want to give a copy of a disk to a friend orcolleague. You may also want to copy a floppy disk to make a backup copy of importantinformation.

You can copy floppy disks even if your computer has only onefloppy drive. Windows makes

a temporary copy of theinformation from the originaldisk. When you insert the second disk, Windows copies the information to the disk.

Make sure the floppy diskreceiving the copy does notcontain information you want tokeep. Copying will remove all theold information from the disk.

The original disk and the diskthat will receive the copy must

be able to store the same amount of information. A double-densitydisk has one hole and can store720 KB of information. A high-density disk has two holes andcan store 1.44 MB of information.You can copy information from a double-density disk to a high-density disk, but Windows willreformat the second disk as adouble-density disk.


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■ The Control Panelwindow appears.

› Double-click System.

■ The System Propertiesdialog box appears.

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■ This area displays thepercentage of free systemresources.

Á Click OK to close theSystem Properties dialog box.

ˇ Click thePerformance tab.

■ This area displaysthe amount ofmemory (RAM) inyour computer.

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Settings.

‹ Click Control Panel.

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SettingsControl Panel

Log Off Melanie...

You can check theperformance of yourcomputer by viewing the

six items displayed on thePerformance tab in the SystemProperties dialog box.

The first item, Memory, displaysthe amount of memory (RAM) in your computer. This amountwill not change unless you addor remove memory from yourcomputer. More memory meansbetter performance.

The second item, SystemResources, displays a percentagethat will change while you areworking. When there is less than30% free, you should close someprograms or restart Windows to avoid potential problems.

The third and fourth items, File System and Virtual Memory,should both be set at 32-bit forthe best performance. There are a few isolated cases where thismight not be true.

The fifth item, DiskCompression, indicates if youhave any disk compressionsoftware installed on yourcomputer. This may affect systemperformance, depending onprocessor speed, disk speed andthe amount of memory installed.

PC Cards is the last item andapplies to portable computers.This area indicates the type ofPC Cards installed on yourcomputer.

CHECK PERFORMANCE STATUS

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Settings.


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■ This area displays theversion of Windows youare using.

■ This area displays thename of the person thiscopy of Windows isregistered to and theregistration number.

■ This area displaysinformation about thetype of processor andamount of memory inyour computer.

ˇ Click OK to closethe System Propertiesdialog box.


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Melanie Woodin

12345-876-5412345-67890

You can find out informationabout Windows and yourcomputer by displaying the

System Properties dialog box.

The System Properties dialog boxcontains a number that indicatesthe version of Windows you areusing. Over time, Microsoft maymake changes and additions toWindows 98. The version number

may change to reflect thesechanges.

You can also find registrationinformation, such as the user namethat was entered when Windows 98was installed on your computer.The last line of the registration areacontains the registration numberfor your copy of Windows. Youshould record the registration

number for future reference in caseyou must re-install Windows onyour computer. You will not be able to re-install Windows without this number.

The System Properties dialog boxalso displays information aboutyour computer’s processor and theamount of memory (RAM) installedin your computer.

DISPLAY VERSION ANDREGISTRATION NUMBER

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⁄ Double-click My Computer.

■ The My Computer windowappears.

¤ Right-click the drive youwant to check. A menuappears.

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‹ Click Properties.

■ The Propertiesdialog box appears.

■ This area displays theamount of used and freespace on the disk in bytes,megabytes (MB) andgigabytes (GB).

■ This area displays the totalstorage capacity of the diskin bytes and gigabytes (GB).

■ This pie chart displaysthe amount of used andfree space on the disk.

› Click OK to close theProperties dialog box.

You can view the amount ofused and free space on anydisk, including hard disks,

floppy disks, removable disks andCD-ROM discs.

The amount of space on a disk ismeasured in bytes, megabytes (MB)and gigabytes (GB). A byte equalsone character. One MB equalsapproximately one millioncharacters. A GB equalsapproximately one billioncharacters.

You should check the amount of available disk space on yourcomputer at least once a month.You should also check the amountof available disk space before youinstall a new program.

You should have at least 10% ofyour hard disk free. For example, if you have a 2 GB hard disk, makesure you have at least 0.2 GB free.This will help improve virtualmemory performance as well asdecrease fragmentation of files.

If you want to increase the amount of free space on your hard disk, you have many choices. You can empty the Recycle Bin to free up disk space. You can also save older files you no longer use onto afloppy disk and delete the filesfrom your hard disk. You can also delete programs you no longer use. For information, see page 336.


VIEW AMOUNT OF DISK SPACE

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Properties

My drive (C:)

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MY DRIVE

¤ Right-click the diskyou want to rename. A menu appears.


■ The Propertiesdialog box appears.

ˇ Click OK toconfirm the change.

■ Windows changesthe name of the disk.

■ This area displaysthe current name.

› Type a new namefor the disk. The namecan contain up to 11characters.

⁄ Double-click MyComputer.


■ The name of eachdisk appears undereach icon.

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Properties

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You can rename your harddisk, removable disk orfloppy disks. Renaming

a disk allows you to moreeasily identify the disk. Youcannot rename a CD-ROM discor network drive.

You can use up to 11 letters ornumbers to rename a disk.

The name can contain spaces,but cannot contain the \ / : * ?" < > or | characters.

If you are renaming a floppydisk, you can label the disk bydate, project name or whateverother information will helpyou to identify it quickly.

The new name of the floppydisk will only appear in theProperties dialog box.

The Properties dialog boxdisplays all names in capitalletters.

RENAME A DISK

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■ This area displays thetotal space Windows willfree up from the file typesyou selected.

° Click OK to removethe files.

■ A confirmation dialogbox appears. Click Yes topermanently delete thefiles.

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‡ Windows will remove thefiles for each file type thatdisplays a check mark ( ). You can click the box ( )beside a file type to add ( ) or remove ( ) the check mark.

How can I see which files will beremoved?

Select a file type and then click theView Files button. A window displaysthe files that will be removed. TheView Files button is not available fortemporary files.

Can I change how much disk space isused by temporary Internet files orthe Recycle Bin?

To adjust the size of the temporaryInternet files, right-click the InternetExplorer icon on your desktop andselect Properties. On the General tab,in the Temporary Internet Files area,click the Settings button. You canadjust the slider to change the size of temporary Internet files. To set the maximum size of the Recycle Bin,see page 76.

Can Disk Cleanup help me createeven more available disk space?

Yes. In the Disk Cleanup dialog box, click the More Options tab. This tab can help you remove Windowscomponents, remove installedprograms and convert the disk to the FAT32 file system.

Will Windows notify me when Ineed to increase the amount of freedisk space?

Depending on the size of your disk,when the available space reachesbetween 25 and 60 MB Windows will prompt you to use Disk Cleanup.

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Temporary files

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113.13

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.

‹ Click Accessories.

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› Click System Tools.

ˇ Click Disk Cleanup.

■ The Select Drive dialogbox appears.

■ This area displays thedrive you want to clean up.You can click this area toselect a different drive.

Á Click OK.

■ Windows spends amoment calculating howmuch space you will beable to free up.

■ The Disk Cleanup dialogbox appears.

■ This area displays thetotal amount of disk spaceyou will be able to free up.

■ This area displaysthe types of files youcan remove and theamount of disk spacetaken up by each filetype.

■ This area displays a description of thehighlighted file type.


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ProgramsAccessories

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You can use Disk Cleanup to find and remove files that are no longer needed.

This can increase the amount ofavailable space on your hard disk.

Disk Cleanup can find four typesof files. You can select which of the four types of files you want to remove from your disk.

Temporary Internet files are Webpages and images Windows storeson your hard disk while you are

browsing the Web. Usingtemporary Internet files savesWindows from having to transferthe same pages and images to your computer each time you view them.

Downloaded program files aresmall programs that some Webpages require to display properlyor to perform certain functions.These programs are transferred to your hard disk when you visitthe Web page.

The Recycle Bin contains files you have deleted. These files arepermanently removed from yourcomputer when you empty theRecycle Bin.

While working, some programsstore temporary files on your hard disk. If these files are notremoved when the program hasfinished using them, they can take up valuable storage space.

USE DISK CLEANUP TOREMOVE UNNEEDED FILES

° Click Advanced tochange the settings used when checking for errors.

■ The ScanDiskAdvanced Options dialog box appears.

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— Click an option tospecify what you want to do with files that usethe same area of a disk( changes to ).

· Click an option to specifyif you want to display asummary when ScanDiskfinishes checking a drive( changes to ).

‚ Click an option to specifyif you want to save theresults of the ScanDiskcheck ( changes to ).

Á Click the type of test you want to perform ( changes to )

‡ Click Automatically fixerrors if you want ScanDiskto automatically repair errorsit finds ( changes to ).

How long does the thorough test take?

The thorough test can be time-consuming, especially on large disks. While the standard test takesabout a minute, the thorough test may take about twenty minutes on a one gigabyte drive.

Can I speed up the thorough test?You can click the Options button in theScanDisk window to change the optionsfor the thorough test to perform the testmore quickly. You can specify whichareas you want ScanDisk to check_thesystem and data areas, the system areaonly or the data area only. ScanDisk cancheck the system area very quickly.

Will ScanDisk ever run automatically?If Windows was not shut down properlythe last time you used it, Windows willautomatically run the command promptversion of ScanDisk to check for errorsin your files and folders.

How often should I use ScanDisk?You should perform the thorough test once a month. If you experienceproblems opening or saving files, youshould perform the test more often. You can perform the standard test as often as you like.

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⁄ Double-click My Computer.


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¤ Right-click the drive you want to check forerrors. A menu appears.


■ The Properties dialogbox appears.

› Click the Tools tab.

■ This area specifies whenthe drive was last checkedfor errors.

ˇ Click Check Nowto check your drive.

■ The ScanDiskwindow appears.

ScanDisk is a program includedwith Windows that detects andrepairs disk errors on hard or

floppy drives and removable harddrives. ScanDisk cannot check CD-ROM drives or network drives.

The standard test checks for errorsin files and folders. The thoroughtest performs the same check as thestandard test and also checks thedisk surface for physically damagedareas that can no longer be used tostore information.

You can have ScanDisk automaticallyfix the errors it finds.

When ScanDisk is finished checkinga drive, a summary appears,displaying information about thedrive. You can have ScanDisk displaythe summary only when errors arefound.

You can save the summary for eachcheck. You can store the summariesin a log to keep track of the errorsthat occur over time. You will findthe log in a file named Scandisk.log.

ScanDisk checks for cross-linkedfiles. Cross-linked files are two ormore files stored in the same area of a disk. The data in cross-linkedfiles is often correct for only one of the files. The Make copies setting provides the best chance of recovering information from cross-linked files.


CHECK FOR DISK ERRORS

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■ This area will display theprogress of the check.

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¶ Click Close to close the ScanDisk window.

• Click OK to close theProperties dialog box.

■ The ScanDisk Resultsdialog box may appear when the check is complete.The dialog box displaysinformation about the drive.

§ Click Close to close thedialog box.

∞ Click Start to start thecheck.

Can I use ScanDisk on acompressed drive?

ScanDisk can check and repairdrives that have been compressedusing the compression programincluded with Windows 98. Forinformation on compressed drives,see pages 344 to 361.

Can I schedule ScanDisk to run at a specified time?

You can use Task Scheduler tostart ScanDisk automatically at times and dates you specify. See page 320.

Can I use my computer whileScanDisk is running?

You can use your computer whileScanDisk is running, but thecheck may slow down. ScanDiskwill restart if the disk beingchecked is accessed. The use ofscreen savers may also affect athorough check. You should runScanDisk when you do not needto use your computer.

Can I stop ScanDisk before it isfinished?

You can click the Cancel button to stop ScanDisk at any time.

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± Click an option tospecify what you want todo with lost fragments offiles ( changes to ).

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¡ Windows can check for invalid file names, invalid dates and times and files with the samename. You can click anoption to turn the option on ( ) or off ( ).

™ If the drive wascompressed, Windowswill check the host drivefor errors. Click thisoption if you do not wantto check the host drive( changes to ).

£ Windows can reportany file names that MS-DOS does notrecognize. Click thisoption to turn the optionon ( ) or off ( ).

¢ Click OK to confirmall of your changes.

You can change the settingsthat ScanDisk uses whenchecking your files and

folders for errors.

ScanDisk checks for lost filefragments. Lost fragments arepieces of data that are no longerassociated with a file. The Convertto file setting saves fragments soyou can view their contents beforeyou delete them. The files are savedon the c: drive with names such asFile0000.

You can check for files with invalidnames. You may be unable to workwith files with invalid names. Youcan also check for invalid dates andtimes. Files with invalid dates andtimes may not sort correctly.

When file names becomecorrupted, two files in the samefolder may have the same name.You can have ScanDisk locate andfix duplicate file names.

If you compressed the informationon your hard drive, you can enable

the Check host drive first setting.This setting ensures that the harddrive storing your compressed filescontains no errors before ScanDisktries to detect errors on thecompressed files.

If you use your computer to runMS-DOS programs, you can haveScanDisk report any problems withfile names that may cause MS-DOSprograms to run incorrectly.


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· This option checks thefiles and folders on yourdrive for errors beforedefragmenting the drive.Click the option to turn theoption on ( ) or off ( ).

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— Click OK to confirmyour changes.

‚ Click an option to usethe settings you selectedonly this time or every timeyou defragment the drive( changes to ).

° This option rearrangesyour most frequently usedprogram files so they startfaster. Click the option toturn the option on ( ) oroff ( ).

How long will the defragmentationprocess take?

The amount of time it takes todefragment a hard drive depends on several factors, including how badly the files are fragmented and the amount of free space on the drive.

What drives cannot be defragmented?Disk Defragmenter cannot defragment a CD-ROM drive or a network drive.Disk Defragmenter also cannotdefragment a hard drive that has beencompressed using a compressionprogram Windows does not support.

Are there other defragmentationprograms with more featuresavailable?

Some defragmentation programs can move specific files to faster areas of the hard drive or defragment filesthat Disk Defragmenter does not affect.

How can I find out when I lastdefragmented a drive?

Open the My Computer window andthen right-click the drive. On the menu that appears, select Properties.Then click the Tools tab.

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CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click Disk Defragmenter.

■ The Select Drive dialogbox and the DiskDefragmenter windowappear.

Á This area displays thedrive that Disk Defragmenterwill defragment. You canclick this area to change thedrive.

‡ Click Settings tochange the settings usedwhen defragmenting yourdrive.

■ The Disk DefragmenterSettings dialog boxappears.


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Programs Accessories

System Tools

Disk Defragmenter

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Drive C Physical drive

You can improve theperformance of yourcomputer by using

Disk Defragmenter.

Over time, the files on a harddrive become more and morefragmented. To retrieve or save afile, the computer must use manydifferent areas on the hard drive.Disk Defragmenter reorganizesyour files to reduce fragmentationand improve the performance ofyour drive.

You can choose which drive youwant to defragment. If you havemore than one hard drive, you canchoose to defragment all of yourhard drives at once.

You can change the settings youwant to use when defragmenting a drive. You can have DiskDefragmenter rearrange your most frequently used programs so they will start faster. You canalso check a drive for errorsbefore defragmenting the drive.

If a drive contains errors, thedrive cannot be defragmented.

You can tell Disk Defragmenterwhether you want to save thesettings you selected for thedefragmentation. Saving yoursettings lets you avoid having toselect the same settings the nexttime you defragment your harddrive.

DEFRAGMENT YOURHARD DRIVE

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™ Click Hide Detailsto close the window.

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£ Click Yes to exitDisk Defragmenter.

■ A dialog box appearswhen the defragmentationis complete.

■ A window appears,graphically displaying thedefragmentation process.

Can I pause the defragmentation?You can pause the defragmentationby clicking the Pause button. Clickthe Resume button to continuedefragmenting your drive. Pausingis useful if you need to finishanother task immediately. Thedefragmentation will start over if you access the drive while DiskDefragmenter is paused.

Can I stop the defragmentationwhile it is running?

You can click the Stop button tostop defragmenting your drive. The defragmentation process willnot be completed. There will be no effect on your files or theirlocations on your hard drive.

When viewing the details of thedefragmentation process, how canI find out what the colored blocksrepresent?

After clicking the Show Detailsbutton to graphically view thedefragmentation process, you canclick the Legend button to displaya description of what each coloredblock on your screen represents.

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± Click OK to start thedefragmentation process.

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■ The DefragmentingDrive window appears.

■ This area showsthe progress of thedefragmentation.

¡ Click Show Details tographically display thedefragmentation process.


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When defragmenting a harddrive, Disk Defragmenterdisplays the progress of

the defragmentation. You can alsohave Disk Defragmenter graphicallydisplay the details of thedefragmentation process.

You can use your computer to perform tasks while DiskDefragmenter is running, but yourcomputer will operate more slowly.

Disk Defragmenter must restart each time another program accessesthe drive, so the defragmentationprocess will take longer. You maywant to close other programs beforedefragmenting a drive.

It is best to defragment at a timewhen you are not using yourcomputer. You can schedule DiskDefragmenter to run automaticallyat a time that is convenient for you,

such as after work. To scheduleevents using Task Scheduler, seepage 320.

For best performance of your computer, you shoulddefragment your hard driveregularly. Defragmenting a harddrive will not create more free space on the drive. Defragmentingonly reorganizes your files to make them easier to find and access.

DEFRAGMENT YOURHARD DRIVE CONTINUED

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‡ Click Next to continue.

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· Click Next to continue.

■ You can click Back atany time to return to aprevious step and changeyour answers.

■ This area lists theprograms installed onyour computer.

° Click the programyou want to schedule.

■ The Scheduled TaskWizard appears.

The Scheduled Task Wizard does not display the program I want toschedule.What should I do?

You can click the Browse button tosearch your computer for the program.

How do I turn off Task Scheduler?In the Scheduled Tasks window, selectthe Advanced menu and then click theStop Using Task Scheduler command.Your scheduled tasks will not run andTask Scheduler will not start the nexttime you start Windows.

How do I reactivate Task Scheduler?In the Scheduled Tasks window, selectthe Advanced menu and then click theStart Using Task Scheduler command.

The Scheduled Tasks window displays a task I do not want to start automatically. How can Iremove it from Task Scheduler?

Click the task and then press theDelete key. Removing a task from Task Scheduler prevents the programfrom starting automatically but doesnot remove the program from yourcomputer.

Is there another way to add tasks to Task Scheduler?

You can use the Maintenance Wizardto add Disk Defragmenter, ScanDiskand Disk Cleanup to Task Scheduler.See page 328.

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CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click Scheduled Tasks.

■ The Scheduled Taskswindow appears.

Á Double-click AddScheduled Task toschedule a new program.


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System Tools

Scheduled Tasks

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Add Scheduled Task

Scheduled Tasks

You can use Task Scheduler toautomatically start a programat a specific date and time.

This allows you to schedule tasks at times that are convenient for you.

The Scheduled Task Wizard takesyou step by step through theprocess of scheduling a new task.You can add any program on yourcomputer to the list of programs

that Task Scheduler willautomatically start. This allows you to perform tasks such asopening Outlook Express each time you turn on your computer so you can check your e-mail.Scheduling a task is also useful for running computermaintenance programs such as Disk Defragmenter, ScanDisk and Disk Cleanup on a regular basis.

Task Scheduler starts each time you start Windows and operates in the background. The TaskScheduler icon ( ) appears on the right side of the taskbar.

For Task Scheduler to operateproperly, your computer’s date and time must be set correctly. To set the date and time, see page 200.

SCHEDULE A NEW TASK

∞ Click Finish to add the task to yourWindows schedule.

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§ Click to close theScheduled Tasks window.

■ This area displays theTask Scheduler icon. Youcan double-click this icon to redisplay the ScheduledTasks window at any time.

■ The program appearsin the Scheduled Taskswindow.

■ You can repeat steps 6to 17, starting on page320, for each programyou want to schedule.

■ The wizard indicatesthat you have successfullyscheduled the task andshows when Windows willperform the task.

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Add Scheduled Task

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How do I change the time and datethat a program will run?

In the Scheduled Tasks window, right-click the program you want to change.Select Properties and then click theSchedule tab. You can then change thetime and date the program will run.

Can I stop a task while it is running?If a program begins to run at a time that is not convenient, you can stop the task. In the Scheduled Taskswindow, right-click the task you wantto stop and then select End Task.

Can I temporarily stop Task Schedulerfrom running all tasks?

If you do not want to be interruptedwhile playing a game or performinganother task, you can temporarilyprevent Task Scheduler from runningall tasks. In the Scheduled Taskswindow, click the Advanced menu and then select Pause Task Scheduler. To once again have Task Scheduler runall scheduled tasks, click the Advancedmenu and then select Continue TaskScheduler.

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‚ Windows provides aname for the program. Touse a different name, type a name.

— Click an option to specifywhen you want the programto run ( changes to ).

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± Click Next to continue.

Note: The options available inthe next screen depend on theoption you selected in step 11.

¡ To specify when you want the program to run,click the part of the time you want to change andthen type a new time.

™ Windows will run theprogram every week. Youcan double-click this areaand type a new number.

£ Click each day of theweek you want the programto run ( changes to ).

¢ Click Next to continue.


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The Scheduled Task Wizarddisplays a name for theprogram you want to start

automatically. You can changethis name to one that is moredescriptive. This can help youmore easily identify yourscheduled tasks.

You can specify when you wantthe program to start. You canselect a daily, weekly or monthly

schedule. The wizard also letsyou schedule a program to startonly once. You can also have aprogram start when you startyour computer or each time youlog on to the network.

Depending on the schedule youchoose, additional options maybe available. For example, if youselect a weekly schedule, you will be asked what days of the

week you want to run theprogram and at what time.

After you schedule the task, the new task appears in theScheduled Tasks window. The Scheduled Tasks windowprovides information such aswhen the task was last run andwhen it will run next.

SCHEDULE A NEW TASK CONTINUED

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Á The task will run when acheck mark ( ) appears inthis area. You can click thisoption if you temporarily donot want to run the task ( changes to ).

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° You can change the options displayed in this area to changewhen the task will run.

‡ Click the Schedule tab.

■ This area indicates when the task will run.

ˇ You can typecomments about the task in this area.

I scheduled a sound file to play every dayat noon, but it isn’t working.What can I do?

Sound files require specific instructions to play automatically. To add the specificinstructions that Windows uses to playsound files, click the Start button, thenclick Settings and select Folder Options.Display the File Types tab and select Wave Sound in the list of file types. Click the Edit button. In the Actions list,select Play and then click the Edit button.Windows displays the command used to play the sound file, along with theadditional settings required. Press Ctrl+Cto copy this information. Perform steps 1and 2 below to display the properties forthe task. Click in front of the name of thefile in the Run box. Press Ctrl+V to pastethe extra settings information and thenpress the Spacebar.

How can I find out which extra settings a program needs to run?

If the program is stored in theC:\Windows\Command folder, you canclick the Start menu and then click Run.Type the program’s name followed by aspace and /?. For example, type chkdsk /?to find the extra settings you can use withthe CheckDisk program.

Can I add Microsoft Backup as ascheduled task?

No. You cannot schedule Microsoft Backup to run automatically.

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Removes unneeded files to free up disk space.

CONTINUED

⁄ Double-click the TaskScheduler icon ( ).

■ The Scheduled Taskswindow appears.

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¤ Double-click theprogram whose propertiesyou want to change.

■ A dialog box appears,displaying informationabout the task.

‹ This area displays thefile that runs the program.If necessary, you can addany extra settings requiredby the program in front ofthe file name.

› If necessary, you cantype the location of thefolder that contains theprogram or some relatedfiles in this area.

You may find that a task youhave scheduled does notwork the way you expected.

For example, the program youscheduled may open, but it may not perform the action you require.You can change the settings for atask you have scheduled to controlhow and when Task Schedulerperforms the task.

Some programs may require extrasettings to perform the task youwant. The help information for a

program may provide details aboutthe additional settings you mustenter.

The program that will perform the task may also need to accessadditional files stored on yourcomputer to perform the task. If necessary, you can specify thelocation of the folder that containsthe required files.

Task Scheduler lets you entercomments about a task you have

scheduled. Adding comments anddescriptions to your tasks will helpyou later identify each task.

If you do not want to beinterrupted by a task you havescheduled, you can temporarilyturn off the task.

Task Scheduler also allows you to change the date and time when a task runs. This is useful if a taskruns at an inconvenient time or youwant to change how often it runs.


CHANGE A SCHEDULED TASK

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■ This option stopsperforming the task ifyour computer startsrunning on batteries.

■ If your computer hasentered a sleep mode,this option wakes thecomputer to run the task.

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— Click OK to confirmall of your changes.

‚ Task Scheduler willperform all options thatdisplay a check mark ( ).You can click an option toadd ( ) or remove ( ) a check mark.

■ This option stops thetask if you start using yourcomputer while the task isrunning.

■ This option prevents the task from starting whileyour computer is runningon batteries.

Can I have a program run onlybetween certain dates, such as over a long weekend or while I am on vacation?

Yes. On the Schedule tab, click the Advanced button. You can then select a start date and an end date for the task.

Why would I want to place a time limit on a task?

Some tasks, such as diskdefragmenting, may take a long time and interfere with your workschedule. You may also want to usethis option to close a task programthat does not close automaticallywhen it finishes running.

I chose to delete a task when it wascompleted, but the task is still listed.What is wrong?

Task Scheduler will delete a task onlyafter all the scheduled occurrences of the task have run. You can clickthe Advanced button on the Scheduletab to view the end date for the task.

Should I delete all my tasks when they are finished?

When a completed task is deleted, there is no longer any record that thetask was completed. You should notdelete completed tasks unless you do not require confirmation of the date and time the task was performed.

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· Click the Settings tab.

■ This option will deletethe scheduled task whenthe task is complete.

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■ This option stops thescheduled task after the taskhas run for the number ofhours and minutes specified.You can change the numberof hours and minutes.

■ This option starts thetask only if you do not use your computer for the number of minutesspecified. You can changethe number of minutes.

■ If you are using yourcomputer when the task firsttries to start, Task Schedulerwill continue to check if youare using the computer forthe number of minutesspecified. You can changethe number of minutes.


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You can have Task Schedulerdelete a task once the task iscomplete. This is useful if

you want a program to run onlyonce.

Task Scheduler lets you stop aprogram after it has run for acertain length of time. Forexample, you could have your faxsoftware start receiving faxes at8:30 a.m. and then stop nine hoursand 30 minutes later, at 6:00 p.m.

To prevent Task Scheduler frominterrupting your work, you can

have a task run only if you are not using your computer at thescheduled time. If you are usingyour computer, Task Scheduler can monitor your computer for a period of inactivity. If the taskstarts to run and then you startusing your computer again, TaskScheduler can stop running thetask.

You may want to avoid performingcertain tasks while your computeris running on battery power. You may also want to have TaskScheduler stop a task if your

computer switches to batterypower while the task is running.These options help avoid runningdown your batteries.

If your computer uses a sleepmode to conserve power, you can have Task Scheduler wakeyour computer to perform a task.

CHANGE A SCHEDULED TASK CONTINUED

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— Click Next to continue.■ Each program that displaysa check mark ( ) in this areaopens automatically each timeyou start Windows.

‚ Click the box beside aprogram to add ( ) orremove ( ) a check mark.

° Click an option to selectwhen you want to scheduleyour maintenance tasks( changes to ).

Should I prevent all of my programsfrom opening automatically?

Opening too many programs automaticallycan cause your computer to slow downand may place a strain on your computer’sresources. You should only automaticallyopen the programs you use frequently. For more information, see page 268.

Can I change the settings for a taskwithout using the wizard?

The tasks that the Maintenance Wizardwill perform can be viewed and changedby using Task Scheduler. See page 324.

Why does a different dialog box appearthe next time I start the wizard?

After you have set the maintenancesettings, a new dialog box appears the next time you start the MaintenanceWizard. To run the maintenance, selectthe Perform maintenance now option. If you want to review or change yoursettings, select Change my maintenancesettings or schedule.

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WordPad

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CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click MaintenanceWizard.

■ The MaintenanceWizard appears.

■ This area describesthe Maintenance Wizard.

Á Click an option to use the most commonmaintenance settings orselect your own settings( changes to ).

‡ Click Next to continue.

Note: The following stepsdepend on the option youselected in step 6.


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System Tools

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You can use the MaintenanceWizard to help optimize the performance of your

computer on a regular basis. The wizard can help make yourprograms run faster, free up space on your hard disk and check your hard disk for errors.

Windows lets you select the maintenance settings you want to use. The Express option uses

the most common maintenancesettings. The Custom option allowsyou to choose your own settings.

You can also specify when youwant Windows to run theMaintenance Wizard on yourcomputer. You may prefer toschedule maintenance tasks atnight so they do not interfere with your work during the day. You must ensure that your

computer is turned on at the time the maintenance tasks are scheduled to occur.

Your computer may be set up to automatically open certainprograms each time you startWindows. You can decrease thetime it takes Windows to start by preventing unnecessaryprograms from openingautomatically.

USING THE MAINTENANCE WIZARD

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¢ Click an option tospecify if you want to free disk space regularly( changes to ).

∞ Click Next to continue.

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¶ Click Finish tocomplete the wizard.

■ This option lists the tasks Windows will perform.

§ Click this option if you want to perform thescheduled tasks when you complete the wizard( changes to ).

■ Windows can deleteunnecessary files to free disk space on yourcomputer.

■ This area displays the types of filesWindows will remove.

Why did the Maintenance Wizard askme to convert my drive to FAT32?

FAT32 is a file system that improves the organization of data on a large harddrive. To convert the drive to FAT32,click the Yes button. If you do not want to convert the drive, click the Nobutton. To have Windows ask you againthe next time you start your computer,click the Remind me button. Forinformation on FAT32 conversion, seepage 332.

Can I run Disk Defragmenter, ScanDiskor Disk Cleanup at any time?

These programs appear on the Startmenu and you can run them at any time. For information on DiskDefragmenter, see page 316. Forinformation on ScanDisk, see page 312.For information on Disk Cleanup, seepage 310.

Why does Disk Defragmenter keeprestarting?

If you have Microsoft Office 95 or 97installed on your computer, the FindFast utility that is included with Office may cause Disk Defragmenter to continually restart. You must disableFind Fast when you want to run Disk Defragmenter. To disable Find Fast, open the Control Panel windowand then double-click the Find Fasticon. On the Index menu, click Closeand Stop.

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■ Windows can speed upyour programs by runningDisk Defragmenter.

± Click an option to specifyif you want to defragmentyour hard disk regularly ( changes to ).

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¡ Click Next to continue. ■ Windows can check your hard disk for errors by running ScanDisk.

™ Click an option to specifyif you want to check yourhard disk for errors regularly( changes to ).

£ Click Next to continue.



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The Maintenance Wizard can run Disk Defragmenterto help make your programs

operate faster. Over time, the fileson a hard disk become more and more fragmented. To access aprogram file, your computer mustuse many different areas on thehard disk. Disk Defragmenterreorganizes your program files to reduce fragmentation so theprograms operate more quickly.

You can also have the wizard run ScanDisk during themaintenance operation. ScanDiskis a program that detects andrepairs errors on your hard disk.

The wizard can run Disk Cleanupto find and remove unneeded fileson your hard disk as part of yourmaintenance. This can helpincrease the amount of availablespace on your hard disk. By

default, the files the wizard willfind and remove include temporary Internet files, files automaticallydownloaded from the Internet, lostfile fragments saved by ScanDiskand temporary files that yourprograms no longer need.

You can have Windows performthe maintenance tasks you haveselected as soon as you finishusing the wizard.

CONTINUEDUSING THE MAINTENANCE WIZARD

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° Click Next to continue.

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· Click OK to continue.■ A warning messageappears, asking you toremove any anti-virussoftware that will not workwith FAT32 before continuing.

‡ Click the drive youwant to convert to FAT32.

How can I tell whether a drive on my computer is using FAT16 or FAT32?

To find out which file system isbeing used on a drive, open the My Computer window. Right-clickthe drive and then click Properties.

How long will the conversion take?Converting to FAT32 usually takesonly a few minutes, depending onthe size and speed of the drive andthe number of files the drivecontains.

Will converting to FAT32 make my drive faster?

There may be a small change inspeed, depending on the type of hard drive. In general, however, you should not notice a difference.

Is there another way to convert a hard drive to FAT32?

You can use a program called FDISKto convert a hard drive to FAT32.FDISK is included with Windows 98.When you use FDISK to convert adrive to FAT32, all of the data on thedrive will be erased.

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C: FAT16

CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click Drive Converter (FAT32).

■ The Drive Converter (FAT32)wizard appears.

■ This area providesinformation about thewizard.

Á Click Next to continue.


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ProgramsAccessories

System Tools

Drive Converter (FAT32)

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You can use the DriveConverter (FAT32) wizard toconvert your hard drive from

FAT16 to FAT32.

On hard drives larger than 512 MB,the FAT32 file system improves theorganization of data by storing datain smaller groups, called clusters.Organizing data in this way helps

to reduce wasted space on a harddrive. For example, converting a 1 GB drive to FAT32 may increasethe amount of free space on thedrive by over 200 MB.

With FAT32, you can also create asingle drive larger than 2 GB. Thisis not possible using the FAT16 filesystem.

Before you can use the wizard toconvert your drive, Windows asksyou to remove any anti-virussoftware that may not becompatible with FAT32.

You should not convert a drive toFAT32 if the drive is compressedor if you plan to compress thedrive in the future.

CONVERT YOUR DRIVE TO FAT32

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■ When the conversion is complete, Windows willautomatically defragmentthe drive for you.

■ The wizard reappearswhen the defragmentationis complete. Click Finishto close the wizard.

■ A message appears,telling you Windows needsto restart your computer inMS-DOS mode to convertyour drive.

¡ Click Next to restartyour computer and beginthe conversion.

■ You can click Create Backupif you want to back up yourfiles before converting yourdrive to FAT32.

Which utility programs arecompatible with FAT32?

Microsoft first released FAT32 inSeptember 1996. Utility programscreated before that date will not workwith FAT32, but most programs havenow been upgraded to be fullycompatible with FAT32. You cancontact the manufacturer of a utility ifyou are unsure whether the utility willwork with FAT32. All the disk utilityprograms included with Windows 98,except the disk compression utility, will work with FAT32.

Will people on a network still be ableto access my shared files after Iconvert to FAT32?

People on the network will still be ableto access files on a shared FAT32 drive,even if they are not using Windows 98.

Can I convert a removable disk toFAT32?

You can use FAT32 on removable disks larger than 512 MB. However,only computers using FAT32 will be able to access the information on the removable disk.

Will FAT32 affect any of mycomputer’s power managementfeatures?

After you convert a drive to FAT32, you will no longer be able to use some of your computer’s powermanagement features.

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■ A second warning messageappears, stating that you willnot be able to access a FAT32drive while running a previousversion of MS-DOS, Windowsor Windows NT.

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‚ Click OK to continue. ■ The wizard searches foranti-virus and disk utilityprograms that do not workwith FAT32.

■ This message appearswhen the search is complete.

— Click Next to continue.


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Before converting to FAT32,there are some importantpoints to consider.

Some people divide their harddrive into sections, calledpartitions, so they can have adifferent operating system runningin each section. You will not beable to access a FAT32 drive fromanother operating system, such as MS-DOS, a previous version of Windows or Window NT, that is running on another partition on your computer.

The Drive Converter wizardsearches the drive for anti-virusand disk utility programs that will not work with FAT32. Someolder utility programs, such asdefragmenters and unerasers, maynot be compatible with FAT32. You should remove all programsthat will not work with FAT32before you convert.

Before the conversion begins,Windows gives you the chance to back up the files on the drive.

Performing a backup is a good idea if the drive stores importantinformation that you do not wantto lose.

Windows will automaticallydefragment the hard drive whenthe conversion is complete to helpimprove the performance of thedrive. Defragmenting a drive youhave converted to FAT32 couldtake several hours the first time.

CONVERT YOUR DRIVE TO FAT32CONTINUED

Internet Explorer saves Web pages you haveviewed in a folder called Temporary Internet Files.Using temporary Internet files saves Explorerfrom having to transfer the same Web pages to your computer each time you view them.You can delete thetemporary Internet files.See page 310. You can alsodetermine the amount ofdisk space temporaryInternet files can use.See the top of page 311.

Delete Temporary Internet Files

You can create more space on your computer by permanently removing all thefiles from the Recycle Bin. See page 75. Youcan also adjust the Recycle Bin properties so it will use less space. If you have not changedthe default settings, the Recycle Bin could bestoring as much as 100 MB of files on a 1 GBdrive. See page 76 to adjust theproperties.

Empty the Recycle Bin

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You can use Disk Cleanup to find and remove filesthat are no longer needed. Removing unneededfiles can free up disk space. The four types of filesDisk Cleanup can find and remove are temporaryInternet files, downloaded program files, RecycleBin files and temporary files. When you select thetypes of files you want to remove, Disk Cleanupshows you the total amount of spacethat will be freed up. See page 310.

Use Disk Cleanup

You can delete e-mail messages you no longerneed. Messages with attached files can beparticularly large. Once you save the attachment,you probably do not need to keep the message.The disk space recovered by deleted messagesmay not appear immediately. Outlook Expresssaves all messages in one file. Outlook Expressmay take a day or more to adjust the file andremove the messages you deleted.

Delete E-Mail Messages14 CHAPTER 14: DISK MANAGEMENT

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CREATE MORE DISK SPACE

As you create documents and installprograms, the available space on yourhard drive decreases. You should

always have at least 20 MB of available diskspace. There are many ways to increase theamount of free space on your hard drive.

When all other options fail, you can add asecond hard drive or replace your currentdrive with a larger one. You may also considera removable hard drive or a CD-Recordabledrive to increase your storage capacity.

You can delete unneeded files from your computerto create more disk space. You can also use MicrosoftBackup to make a backup copy of files you rarely use and then delete those files from your computer

as well. For informationon Backup, see page 362. Even if you save the backupcopy on your harddrive, there will bemore space availablebecause the backed upfiles are compressed.

Delete Unneeded Files

You can delete programs and components you nolonger use to free up space on your hard drive. Inthe Control Panel, use Add/Remove Programs andselect the Install/Uninstall tab to delete programs.Select theWindows Setuptab to removeWindowscomponents.

Remove Unused Programs andComponents

You can run ScanDisk to create more space onyour hard drive. ScanDisk locates errors suchas lost file fragments on your hard drive. Lostfile fragments are saved on your hard drivewith a name such as “FILE0000.CHK”. Youcan delete these file fragments.

ScanDisk

You can use DriveSpace to compress, orsqueeze together, the information stored onyour hard drive. Compression may be able todouble the amount of information the drivecan store. Compression is not possible withFAT32.

Compress a Drive

If you do not have the FAT32 file systeminstalled, you can upgrade your hard driveto FAT32. The FAT32 file system providesadditional free space on drives larger than512 MB. On a 1 GB drive, FAT32 mayfree over 200 MB. Usethe FAT32 Converterto upgrade to theFAT32 file system.See page 332.

Upgrade to FAT32

When Windows is not shut down properly,temporary files are not deleted. To removetemporary files, restart Windows and then deleteany files in the C:\Windows\Temp folder. You may also find temporary files in other folders.Temporary files usually have the extension .tmpor start with the tilde (~) character.

Many programs automatically save backup files.This allows you to recover a previous version of a file but takes up a lot of space on your hard drive. Backup files usually have the .bakextension or start with “Backup of”. You can use the Find feature to look for temporary andbackup files.

Delete Temporary and Backup Files

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· Click OK to confirmyour change.

‚ Click Close to closethe System Propertiesdialog box.

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— Click Yes to restartyour computer now.

■ A dialog box appears,stating that you mustrestart your computerbefore the new settings will take effect.

‡ Click this area to displaya list of typical roles foryour computer.

° Click the most commonrole for your computer.

When should I choose the Desktopcomputer setting?

This is the most common setting.You should use this setting when youuse a computer that remains on yourdesk and does not use battery power.

When should I use the Mobile ordocking system setting?

You should use this setting whenyour computer has the minimumamount of memory and uses batterypower, such as when you are using a portable computer. The Mobile ordocking system setting keeps thesmallest number of paths and filenames in the cache.

When is the Network server settingappropriate?

You should use this setting when youare connected to a network and shareyour files with other people. TheNetwork setting retains the largestnumber of paths and file names inthe cache.

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⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Settings.


14




ˇ Click the Performance tab. Á Click File System.

■ The File SystemProperties dialog boxappears.

You can tell Windows howyou normally use yourcomputer. This can help

Windows use your hard drivemore efficiently.

Before you change the role ofyour computer, you shouldensure that the computer meetsor exceeds the minimum memoryrequirements needed to runWindows and the other programson your computer. If yourcomputer does not meet the

minimum memory requirements,changing the role of yourcomputer will be of no benefit.

When Windows retrievesinformation from your harddrive, the information is stored inan area of your computer’smemory, called a cache. Whenthe information is needed again,Windows can quickly retrieve theinformation from the cacheinstead of having to look on the hard drive. The role you choose

for your computer determines the size of the cache.

The role you specify for yourcomputer controls the number of paths and file names Windowskeeps in the cache. The morepaths and file names that arekept in the cache, the less timeWindows has to spend searchingfor the paths and file names onyour hard drive.


CHANGE ROLE OF COMPUTER

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° Click the amountof time.

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· This area displays theamount of time the computermust be inactive before yourmonitor and hard disks turnoff. You can click an area tochange the amount of time.

‡ Click this area to specifythe amount of time yourcomputer must be inactivebefore the computer goeson standby.

How can I tell if my computer supportspower management?

Your computer must have been set up by the manufacturer to support powermanagement. Display the Control Panelwindow, double-click System and thenselect the Device Manager tab. Click theplus sign ( ) beside System devices. If Advanced Power Management supportdoes not display a yellow warningsymbol ( ), your computer supportspower management.

Can I create a new power scheme?You can create a new power scheme that uses the time settings you choose.To save a new power scheme, click theSave As button.

Why aren’t all the power managementsettings available on my computer?

The power management settingsdisplayed in the Power ManagementProperties dialog box depend on thehardware installed on your computer.Windows only displays the settings your hardware supports.

After Windows turns off my hard disk,I can’t resume using my computer bymoving the mouse or pressing a key.What should I do?

If your computer does not respondproperly after the hard disk is turned off,you should not use this setting. Restartyour computer and perform steps 1 to 9below, selecting Never in the area besideTurn off hard disks.

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CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Settings.


■ The Control Panel window appears.

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› Double-click PowerManagement.

■ The Power ManagementProperties dialog box appears.

ˇ Click this area to displaya list of the available powerschemes.

Á Click the appropriatepower scheme for the wayyou use your computer.


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Settings Control Panel

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Home/Office Desk

You can change the powermanagement settings onyour computer to reduce

the amount of power thecomputer uses. This is useful ifyou want to reduce the energyconsumption of your desktopcomputer or increase the batterylife of your portable computer.

You can choose the power schemethat best describes the way youuse your computer. A powerscheme is a collection of settings

that manage the power yourcomputer uses.

Windows places your computeron standby when you do not usethe computer for a certain lengthof time. Standby conserves powerby turning off items that usepower. You can change theamount of time that passes beforeyour computer goes on standby.You can move your mouse orpress any key to bring thecomputer out of standby and

resume working where you left off. If a power failure occurs while your computer is on standby, you will lose anyunsaved information.

Windows also conserves powerby turning off your monitor andhard disks when your computerhas been idle for a certain periodof time. You can change theamount of time that passes beforeWindows turns off these items.

CHANGE POWERMANAGEMENT SETTINGS

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■ The Shut Down Windowsdialog box appears.

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› Click OK.

■ When you want to useyour computer again, movethe mouse or press any key.

‹ Click Stand by( changes to ).

PUT COMPUTER ONSTANDBY IMMEDIATELY

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Shut Down.

How do I change the passwordrequired to bring my computer out of standby?

You must change your Windowspassword. To change your Windowspassword, display the Control Panelwindow and then double-click the Passwords icon. Then click theChange Windows Password button.

Will my portable computer warnme when battery power is low?

If the Power Management Propertiesdialog box displays the Alarms tab,you can select visual or sound alarmsthat will warn you when batterypower is low. You can also choosewhether the computer enters standbyor shuts down when power is low.

Are there other power managementfeatures that my computer maysupport?

Some computers support the OnNowfeature. This feature allows you to continue working where youstopped the last time you turned your computer off. Windows savesyour open documents before yourcomputer turns off. When you restartyour computer, everything appears as you left it.

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Shut Down...

‚ Click the Advanced tab.

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— This option displays apower icon ( ) on theright side of the taskbar.Click the option to turn theoption on ( ) or off ( ).

± This option promptsyou for your Windowspassword when you bringyour computer out ofstandby. Click the optionto turn the option on ( )or off ( ).

¡ Click OK to confirmall of your changes.


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You can have Windowsdisplay a power icon on theright side of the taskbar.

When you double-click the icon,Windows displays the PowerManagement Properties dialog boxso you can adjust your powermanagement settings. If you areusing a portable computer runningon battery power, you can viewthe amount of remaining power by

positioning the mouse pointerover the icon.

You can also have Windowsrequest a password when thecomputer comes out of standby. A password prevents unauthorizedpeople from using your computerwhen it goes on standby while you are away from your desk. The password you enter to bring

the computer out of standby is thesame password you enter whenyou start Windows.

You can place your computer onstandby at any time. This allowsyou to conserve power when youknow you will not be using thecomputer for a period of time.

CHANGE POWER MANAGEMENT SETTINGS CONTINUED

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° Click Compress.

■ The Compress a Drivedialog box appears.

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■ This area displays theamount of free and usedspace before and afteryou compress the drive.

· Click Options to changethe compression options.

■ The Compression Optionsdialog box appears.

‡ Click Drive.

Why isn’t DriveSpace listed on theStart menu?

DriveSpace may not be installedon your computer. Install the Diskcompression tools located in theSystem Tools component. To addWindows components, see page 610.

Can I compress part of the harddrive?

Yes. Compressing part of the harddrive allows you to increase theavailable space for storing information,such as the document files you create.See page 352.

Can I compress a floppy disk orremovable drive?

You can compress any disk orremovable drive that appears in theDriveSpace window. You can onlycompress a floppy disk that has atleast 512 K of free space. To access acompressed floppy disk or removabledrive on another computer, the othercomputer must have DriveSpace andeither Windows 95 or 98 installed.

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237.60 MB 732.37

Host Drive H

Host Drive H will have 2.14 MB of free space.

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Compress...

Physical drive

CONTINUED

⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.

15



ˇ Click DriveSpace.

■ The DriveSpacewindow appears.

Á Click the drive youwant to compress.

You can use DriveSpace to compress, or squeezetogether, the information

stored on your hard drive.

As you install new programs andcreate new files, you may find that you need more space on yourhard drive. You should first try tocreate more free space on the driveusing methods such as deletingprograms and files you no longeruse. If you cannot create enoughfree space, DriveSpace can providethe additional space you need.

DriveSpace estimates that it will increase the amount ofinformation the drive can store by approximately 70 percent. For example, a 1 GB hard drivemay be able to hold about 1.7 GBwhen compressed. The actualamount of free space that will beavailable on the drive depends on the size of the drive and thetypes of information stored on the drive. Document files such as spreadsheets and databasescompress significantly, whereasprogram files compress very little.

When DriveSpace is compressing a drive, you cannot use yourcomputer. Because compressingyour hard drive may take severalhours, you should compress yourhard drive when you will not needyour computer.

If your computer uses the FAT32file system, you cannot useDriveSpace to compress your hard drive.

CHAPTER 15: COMPRESS A DRIVE

COMPRESS A DRIVE

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¢ Click No if you have anupdated startup disk and donot need to create the disk.

Note: Click Yes to create a startupdisk. For information on creatinga startup disk, refer to page 662.

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Note: Click Back Up Files ifyou want to back up yourfiles now. For informationon backing up files, refer to page 364.

■ Windows is about tocompress the drive. Windowsasks you to back up your filesbefore compressing your drive.

∞ Click Compress Now if youhave backed up your files andwant to start the compression.

■ Windows may askyou to update yourstartup disk beforecompressing your drive.

Why should I create a new startupdisk?

If you are having trouble startingWindows, you can use a startup diskto start your computer. You shouldcreate a new startup disk if you haveinstalled DriveSpace since the lasttime you created a startup disk. Theupdated startup disk will recognizethe compressed drive and allow youaccess to the drive.

My hard drive is larger than 1 GB.How can I compress the drive?

If your drive is larger than themaximum size DriveSpace cancompress, you can compress smallerparts of the drive. See page 352.

What letter should I use for thehost drive?

The letter DriveSpace suggestsshould be fine, unless you requirethat letter for another drive, such as a new hard drive or a mappednetwork drive.

Can I hide or unhide the host drive later?

In the DriveSpace window, select the Drive menu and then selectProperties. Then click Hide this host drive.

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‚ Click this area tochange the drive letterassigned to your hostdrive.

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— Click the driveletter you want to use.

± Double-click this area tochange the amount of free space your host drive willcontain. Then type a newamount.

¡ Click Hide host drive if you do not want your host drive toappear in windows or dialogboxes ( changes to ).

™ Click OK to saveyour changes.

£ Click Start in theCompress a Drivedialog box to continue.

When you compress adrive, DriveSpacestores all of your old

files in one large file. DriveSpacealso looks for repeated elements in your files. When repeatedelements are found, they arereplaced with a shorter element.

The compressed drive is called aCompressed Volume File (CVF)

and is assigned a drive letter. Youcan access the compressed drive as you would any other drive onthe computer.

The hard drive becomes a hostdrive and stores the compresseddrive. Windows assigns the hostdrive a new drive letter.

The host drive also contains thesoftware needed to start andaccess the compressed drive. Youcan hide the host drive so thatthe compressed drive cannot beaccidentally deleted.

DriveSpace can use up to 1 GB of space to store from 1 to 2 GBworth of files.


COMPRESS A DRIVE

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■ When the compressionis complete, Windowsdefragments your drive.

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¶ Click Close to closethe dialog box.

■ Windows restartsyour computer.

■ The Compress a Drivedialog box appears when the compression is complete.

■ This area displays theamount of free and usedspace before and after thecompression.

■ Windows restarts yourcomputer and continues tocompress your drive.

■ This area shows theprogress of the compression.

Where will I find the compresseddrive?

Unless the host drive is hidden, you can find the compressed drive on thehost drive. Display the Start menu, click Settings and then select FolderOptions. Select the View tab andselect the Show all files option. Then double-click the host drive in a My Computer or Windows Explorer window. The compressed drive is named Drvspace.000. If youcompressed the drive before youinstalled Windows 98, the name may be Dblspace.000.

Will using compressed files slow down my computer?

As long as you have 8 MB of RAM and your computer is reasonably fast,using compressed files should not affect the speed of your computer. Thetime required to save or retrieve a file is balanced by the smaller file size. Ifthere is a delay in saving or retrievingfiles, it should be only a minor delay.

Can I uncompress my drive?You can undo the compression andreturn your drive to an uncompressedstate. See page 356.

Compress a Drive

Drive C has been compressed and now contains 716.62 MB of free space.

Drive C (before compression) Drive C (now)

Free space

Used space

Free space

Used space

Before compression, Drive Ccontained 237.60 MB of free space.

Now, Drive C contains 716.62 MB of free space. You have gained 479.04 MB of space by using compression on this drive.

Host Drive H

Host Drive H will have 2.14 MBof free space.

Start Options Close

Compress a Drive

Now compressing: SALES.DOC

27% complete

■ The Compress a Drivedialog box shows the progressof the compression.

Note: A dialog box mayappear if the drive containserrors. You must correctthe errors before you cancompress the drive. To runScanDisk and correct theerrors, see page 312.

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■ A dialog box appearswhen Windows needs torestart your computer.

§ Click Yes to continue.


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Before compressing a drive,DriveSpace runs ScanDisk.ScanDisk checks for errors

on the drive you want to compress.

The DriveSpace setup proceduretakes care to protect your files. You will be able to recover yourfiles even if a power outage occurs while DriveSpace is working.

After the compressed drive iscreated, DriveSpace compresses

each file and moves it to thecompressed drive.

After compressing the drive,Windows defragments the drive.Defragmentation reorganizes yourfiles to improve the performance of the drive.

When the drive is compressed,DriveSpace estimates the amount of free space available on yourdrive. DriveSpace may double

the amount of information the drive can store.

When you use a file from acompressed drive, the file isretrieved from the drive anduncompressed. When you save a file on a compressed drive, the file is compressed and thensaved.

COMPRESS A DRIVE CONTINUED

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‡ Click Yes to restart your computer.

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° Click OK to closethe dialog box.


■ The DriveSpaceOperation Completedialog box appearswhen the operation iscomplete.

■ Windows needs torestart your computer toadjust the free space onyour drives.

Will defragmenting my compresseddrive increase available space?

Defragmenting your compressed drive will not increase the amount of free space.

The slider is not very accurate. Howcan I enter the exact size I want?

You can enter the exact size into the Free space text area for either the compressed or the host drive. You can also place the slider ( ) inapproximately the right spot andthen use the arrow keys on yourkeyboard to make more preciseadjustments.

I am trying to copy a file to mycompressed drive.Why doesWindows tell me there is notenough free space?

The amount of free space on acompressed drive is only an estimate,based on files being able to compressto over half of their original size.Some types of files, such as programfiles, compress less than other typesof files. If the file you want to copyto the compressed drive cannotcompress enough, the file may notfit on the drive.

Adjust Free Space

DriveSpace Operation Complete

Resizing drive C shifts free space between drive C and drive H.

The free space on drive C has been decreased to 363.92MB; the free space on drive H has been increased to179.19 MB.

Compressed Drive C

More space on drive C

More space on drive H

Host Drive H

OK

CancelOK

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Drive In Use

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⁄ Display the DriveSpacewindow by performingsteps 1 to 5 on page 344.

¤ Click the compresseddrive or the host drive thatcontains the free spaceyou want to adjust.

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‹ Click Drive.

› Click Adjust Free Space.

■ The Adjust Free Spacedialog box appears.

■ This area displays theamount of free and usedspace on your compressedand host drives.

ˇ Drag the slider ( ) tochange the distribution offree space between yourcompressed and hostdrives.

Á Click OK to save yourchanges.


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Adjust Free Space...

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You can adjust the amount of free disk space for thecompressed drive and the

host drive. You should save all your files and quit all otherprograms before you begin toadjust the free space.

You can increase the free space onyour compressed drive if there isfree space available on your host

drive. You can also increase theamount of free space on your hostdrive if you are not using all thespace on your compressed drive.

When you increase the amount of free space on one drive, youdecrease the amount of free spaceon the other drive. The maximumsize of a compressed drive is 2 GB.

The larger the adjustment youmake to the amount of free space,the longer the resizing process will take.

After you finish adjusting the freespace on a compressed drive,Windows restarts the computer.

ADJUST FREE SPACE ON A COMPRESSED DRIVE

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■ This area displaysthe amount of freespace that will remainon your hard drive.

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° Click Start to startthe compression.

■ When you change thenumber displayed in oneof these areas, Windowsupdates the numbers inthe other two areas.

‡ Double-click this area tochange the amount of freespace Windows will use tocreate your new drive. Thentype a new amount.

■ This area displays theapproximate amount of free space your new drive will contain.

How does compressing part of adrive differ from compressing anentire drive?

Compressing the unused space on a drive does not compress any of the files that currently exist on thedrive. Compressing unused space is often safer because the Windowsfiles are not on a compressed drive. If the files Windows needs to operateare on a compressed drive and thecompressed drive fails, Windows will not start.

Can I change the size of thecompressed drive after the drive is created?

On the Drive menu, you can use theAdjust Free Space command to makeadjustments to the amount of spaceavailable on your compressed andhost drives. See page 350.

What letter should I use for the newcompressed drive?

You should use the letter DriveSpacesuggests. The new drive letter shouldnot match any of your current harddrives, CD-ROM drives, removabledrives, network drives or any drivesyou plan to add.

Can I change the drive letter afterthe compressed drive is created?

On the Advanced menu, you can use the Change Letter command tochange the drive letter. You shouldnot change the drive letter if youhave installed any programs on thecompressed drive.

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Drive HDrive

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CONTINUED


¤ Click the drive thatcontains the free spaceyou want to use to createa compressed drive.

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‹ Click Advanced.

› Click Create Empty.

■ The Create NewCompressed Drive dialog box appears.

ˇ Click this area tochange the drive letterassigned to your newcompressed drive.

Á Click the drive letteryou want to use.


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Create Empty...Dr Physical drive

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Drive H

Drive

You can use DriveSpace toturn the unused space onyour hard drive into a

compressed drive. This allowsyou to increase the availablespace for storing information byone-and-a-half to two times. Yourhard drive and the files on yourhard drive are unaffected by thecompressed drive.

The compressed drive is actuallya file called a Compressed

Volume File (CVF). Your harddrive becomes a host drive andstores the compressed drive.DriveSpace assigns thecompressed drive a drive letter.

You can specify the amount ofspace that is used to create thecompressed drive. DriveSpacecan use up to 1 GB of availablespace to create a compresseddrive.

You should close all of yourprograms before creating thecompressed drive. DriveSpacewill need to restart yourcomputer when the compressionprocess is complete.

You cannot compress unusedspace on a hard drive that isalready compressed. You alsocannot use DriveSpace tocompress any drives that use the FAT32 file system.

COMPRESS PARTOF A DRIVE

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‚ Click Close toclose the dialog box.

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± Click Yes to restartyour computer .

— Click to close theDriveSpace window.

■ The Restart Computerdialog box appears.

■ The Create NewCompressed Drive dialogbox appears when thecompression is complete.

Should I create a new startup disk?A startup disk allows you to startWindows when Windows will notstart normally. You should create a new startup disk if you haveinstalled DriveSpace since youcreated your startup disk.

Can I move my programs to thecompressed drive?

Most programs will not workproperly if they are moved to a different drive. You shoulduninstall the program to remove it from the current drive. You can then install the program on the compressed drive.

Why do I have less space availableon my compressed drive than Iexpected?

DriveSpace estimates how muchinformation will fit on a compresseddrive. The estimate may not beaccurate because some types of filescompress more than others. Tochange the estimate to reflect thetype of files you are storing on the compressed drive, choose theAdvanced menu in the DriveSpacewindow and then select the ChangeRatio command.

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■ Windows may ask you to update your startup disk before creating acompressed drive.

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· Click No if you have anupdated startup disk and donot need to create the disk.

Note: Click Yes to create astartup disk. For information oncreating a startup disk, refer topage 662.

■ A dialog box appears. This area displays theprogress of the compression.

Note: A dialog box may appearif the drive contains errors. Youmust correct the errors beforeyou can compress the drive. Torun ScanDisk and correct theerrors, see page 312.


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Once you have created acompressed drive, you can store files on the

compressed drive just as youwould on an uncompressed drive.If you have at least 8 MB of RAM,using compressed files should notaffect the performance of yourcomputer.

You can create several compresseddrives to store different types offiles. This is useful if you want to

organize your files into specificdrives for backup purposes.

When you move or save a file tothe compressed drive, DriveSpacecompresses the file. When youretrieve a compressed file,DriveSpace uncompresses the filefor you. DriveSpace works in thebackground so you do not noticeDriveSpace compressing anduncompressing your files.

A compressed file takes up lessspace on your drive. Some filescompress more than others. For example, document filescompress significantly, butprogram files compress very little. Files that are alreadycompressed, such as files with the .zip extension, may notcompress at all.

COMPRESS PARTOF A DRIVE CONTINUED

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ˇ Click Start to continue.

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Note: Click Back Up Files if youwant to back up your files now.For information on backing upfiles, see page 364.

■ Windows is about touncompress the drive.Windows asks you to back up your files beforeuncompressing the drive.

Á Click Uncompress Nowif you have backed up yourfiles and want to start theuncompression.

■ This area displays theamount of free and usedspace before and after you uncompress the drive.

Do I need to unhide the host drivebefore I can uncompress a drive?

DriveSpace will unhide the host drivefor you. DriveSpace will also returnthe host to its original drive letter.

How do I delete all of the files from a compressed drive without deletingthe drive?

Choose the Drive menu and thenselect the Format command to deleteall of the files in a compressed drive.You can also open a My Computer orWindows Explorer window for thedrive and use Ctrl+A to select all filesand folders. Then press the Delete keyto move all the files to the Recycle Bin.

Can I reduce the size of acompressed drive withoutuncompressing it?

In the Drive menu, click the Adjust Free Space command. For information, see page 350.

Can I delete a compressed drive I no longer need?

You can delete a compressed drive and all of the information itcontains by choosing the Advancedmenu and then selecting the Deletecommand.

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CONTINUED


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¤ Click the drive youwant to uncompress.

‹ Click Drive.

› Click Uncompress.

■ The Uncompress a Drivedialog box appears.

When you no longerneed a compresseddrive, you can

uncompress the drive.

DriveSpace verifies that you willhave enough space on the driveto store the compressed fileswhen they are uncompressed. If there is not enough space tostore the uncompressed files,

DriveSpace will warn you andshow you how much free spaceis needed. You can delete files,move them to another drive orarchive them in a backup set tomake space on the drive.

DriveSpace is careful to protect your files during theuncompression process, but youshould make sure you create a

backup set of your files beforeyou begin to uncompress adrive.

The uncompression processrequires you to restart yourcomputer. You should save all your documents and exit all programs before starting to uncompress a drive.


UNCOMPRESS A DRIVE

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Uncompress...

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■ This area showsthe progress of theuncompression.

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· Click Close to closethe dialog box.


■ The Uncompress a Drivedialog box appears whenthe operation is complete.

■ This area displays theamount of free and usedspace before and after theuncompression process.

■ Windows restarts yourcomputer and continuesto uncompress your drive.

I uncompressed my hard drive.Why can’t I access a compressedfloppy disk?

If you removed the compression driverwhen you uncompressed your harddrive, you will only see a file namedReadthis.txt when you try to access acompressed floppy disk. You can openthis file to read instructions on how toaccess the files on a compressed disk.

Should I defragment a drive Iuncompressed?

You should defragment a drive afteryou have uncompressed or deleted acompressed drive. To defragment adrive, see page 316.

Can I uncompress a floppy disk?You can uncompress a floppy disk as long as there is enough space on the disk to store the files it containswhen the files are uncompressed. Ifyou do not have enough space, you can move the files to a folder on yourhard drive, uncompress the floppydisk and then move the files you need from your hard drive back to the floppy disk.

708.75 MB 165.22 MB

Uncompress a Drive

Now uncompressing: SALES.DOC

■ The Uncompress a Drivedialog box shows the progressof the uncompression.

Note: A dialog box may appear if the drive contains errors. You mustcorrect the errors before you canuncompress the drive. To runScanDisk and correct the errors, see page 312.

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■ Windows may ask if you want to removethe compression driverfrom memory.

‡ Click Yes to removethe compression driver.

■ The Drive In Usedialog box appears whenWindows needs to restartyour computer.

° Click Yes to continue.

When you uncompress a drive, all of the files on the

compressed drive are movedback to the uncompressed host drive. DriveSpace removes thecompressed drive from yourcomputer and returns the host to its original drive letter.

The uncompression process maytake several hours to complete.

You will not be able to use yourcomputer while DriveSpace isuncompressing a drive. You maywant to wait and uncompress a drive at a time when you willnot need your computer, such asafter work.

When the last compressed driveis removed from your computer,DriveSpace may ask if you wantto remove the software used to

access compressed drives, calledthe compression driver. If youstill intend to use compressedfloppy or removable disks, donot remove the compressiondriver.

You cannot uncompress a drive if it will change the letter of thedrive that contains Windows.This may happen if you installedWindows on a compressed drive.


UNCOMPRESS A DRIVE

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· Click OK to confirmyour changes.

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■ This area showsthe progress.

— Click Exit whenthe task is complete.

‚ Click Start to startrecompressing your files.

■ This area shows thespace gained by increasingcompression and the spacelost to improve performance.

‡ Click the files you want toUltraPack ( changes to ).

° Click an option to specify ifyou want to HiPack the rest ofyour files ( changes to ).

Why isn’t Compression Agent on myStart menu?

Compression Agent may not be installed on your computer. You mustadd the Disk compression tools located in the System Tools component. To addWindows components, see page 610.

I ran out of disk space when I tried touse a file that I UltraPacked. What can I do?

You can set a minimum amount of freedisk space to help avoid running out ofdisk space when you convert a file fromUltraPack. In the Compression AgentSettings window, click the Advancedbutton to set the minimum amount youwant. You should not reduce this settingto less than 20 MB.

Is it safe to pause or stop CompressionAgent?

Stopping or pausing does not affect thework that Compression Agent has alreadycompleted. You can use the Pause or Stop buttons in the Compression Agentwindow to pause or stop CompressionAgent at any time.

How can I see more information aboutthe files on a compressed drive?

Right-click the drive’s icon in the My Computer window and then selectProperties. The Compression tab contains information about the drive and the compression status of the files on the drive.

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⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click CompressionAgent.

■ The CompressionAgent window appears.

■ This area describesCompression Agent.

Á Click Settings to changethe settings used byCompression Agent.

■ The Compression AgentSettings dialog box appears.

After using DriveSpace 3 tocompress your computer’shard drive, you can use

Compression Agent to change thelevel of compression on your files.Compression Agent optimizescompression and further decreasesthe space used by files on acompressed drive.

Compression Agent includes twocompression formats. HiPackcompression improves on thestandard DriveSpace 3 compression.

UltraPack applies even morecompression than HiPack to furtherreduce the disk space required tostore your files.

HiPack and UltraPack reduce theamount of disk space required byyour files, but they also increase the amount of time it will take yourcomputer to access and use thecompressed files. Files that youhave UltraPacked can be slow toaccess, so you may want to leaverecently used files in the HiPack

format or without any additionalcompression.

You can run Compression Agent atregular intervals or whenever youare low on disk space. CompressionAgent is a processor-intensive task.You will find other Windows tasksvery slow while Compression Agentis running.

You cannot use Compression Agentif your drive uses the FAT32 filesystem.


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Microsoft Backup can also use multiple floppydisks. This makes Backup useful for transferringfiles that will not fit on one disk.

You can also use Backup to compress and storefiles you seldom use. Once you have a backupcopy of the files, you can delete the original filesfrom your computer’s hard drive. This createsmore storage space on your computer, whileallowing you to access the files if necessary.

You should regularly make backup copies of the files stored on your computer to protect them from theft, computer failure and viruses.

To determine how often you should back up your work, consider the time it would take to re-install the software on your computer and recreate yourdocuments. If you cannot afford to lose the work you accomplish in a day, back up your files once a day. If your work does not change much during the week, back up once a week.

You can save your backups on many different types of media, including floppy disks, a second hard drive, a removable disk, a network drive, a recordable CD or a tape cartridge. Using tape cartridges is aninexpensive and fast way to back up a large amount of information, such as all the files on your hard drive.

If the backup device you use includes its own software, the software will likely have more features and be better suited to the device thanMicrosoft Backup. However, Microsoft Backup is useful for transferring files between computersrunning Windows 98 that do not use compatiblebackup software.

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You can perform a full backup to back up allthe information on your computer. In the eventof a hard drive failure, you can use the fullbackup to restore all the files and folders onyour hard drive. A full backup can be very largeand time-consuming, but you may want to perform a full backup before you install a new program or change your computer’s settings.

Backup also allows you to back up specificdrives, folders and files you select on yourcomputer. You can perform a differentialbackup or an incremental backup to back uponly new or changed files. A differential backupbacks up only the files that have changed sincethe last full backup. This type of backup islarger and slower than an incremental backup.An incremental backup backs up only the filesthat have changed since the last time you

backed up the files. This type of backup is smaller and faster than a differential backup.

Types of Backups16 CHAPTER 16: BACK UP INFORMATION

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INTRODUCTION TOMICROSOFT BACKUP

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Hard drive disasters always seem to happen right after you miss a scheduled backup. Create and then strictly follow a backup schedule for full, differential and incremental backups. For example, begin a weekly cycle on a Friday and create a backup job selecting all the files and folders you want to back up. Perform differential or incremental backups Monday through Thursday. On Friday, repeat the cycle with a second set of media.

Using two sets of backup media can help minimize your chances of losing important information. Keep one set near your computer and the second set in another location where it will not be affected by fire or theft.

If your backup requires more than one tape

cartridge or disk, you should number and label all the cartridges or disks

before you begin the backup.

You may want to perform a full backup of your computer at least once a month.

Backup Strategies


Note: If you selected Back up My Computer in step 8, skip to step 14 on page 366.

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‚ Click the plus sign ( )beside the drive thatcontains the informationyou want to back up ( changes to ).

■ This area lists thedrives and folders onyour computer.

° Click an option to back upeverything on your computer orjust specific files, folders anddrives ( changes to ).

Why isn’t Backup on my Start menu?Microsoft Backup may not be installedon your computer. Backup is located inthe System Tools component. To addWindows components, see page 610.

When I start Backup, a dialog boxappears, stating that no backupdevices were found on my computer.What should I do?

If you are not using a tape drive, clickNo and continue creating the backupjob. If you are using a tape drive,Backup does not recognize the tapedrive. Click Yes to install the tape driveso Backup can recognize the drive.

Do I need to format a tape cartridgebefore using it for a backup?

Many tape cartridges are alreadyformatted when you buy them. Toformat a tape cartridge, display theMicrosoft Backup window and clickthe Tools menu. Select Media and thenselect Format.

Do I have to create a new backup job every time I want to back up my files?

You only have to create a backup jobonce. You can then use the samebackup job the next time you want toback up the information. See page 370.

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⁄ Click Start.

¤ Click Programs.


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ˇ Click Backup.

■ The Microsoft Backupwindow and dialog boxappear.

Á Click Create a newbackup job to back upfiles on your computer( changes to ).

‡ Click OK to continue.

CHAPTER 16: BACK UP INFORMATION

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You can use Microsoft Backupto copy important informationfrom your computer to a

storage medium such as a tapecartridge, a removable disk orfloppy disks for safekeeping.

If your computer’s hard drive fails, you may lose valuableinformation. If you have backed up the information, you can use the backup copy to restore theinformation to your computer.

A backup copy also helps minimizeloss of information caused by fire or the theft of a computer.

Many people also back upinformation they do not frequentlyuse, such as large image files. Thefiles can then be deleted from thecomputer’s hard drive to helpconserve disk space.

Before you can back up theinformation on your computer,

you must create a backup job. Abackup job allows you to specifywhat information you want to backup and where you want to store the information. When creating abackup job, you can choose to backup all of the information on yourcomputer or just specific files,folders and drives.

It is strongly recommended that youback up all of the information onyour computer on a regular basis.

BACK UP FILES IV

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∞ Click Next to continue.

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§ Click an option to turn the option on ( ) or off ( ).

¶ Click Next to continue.

■ This option willcompare the originaland backup files tomake sure the datawas successfullybacked up.

■ This option willcompress the backupdata to save space.

¢ Windows will store thebacked up information in the location displayed in this area. You can click thisarea to change the location.

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QIC-3020 Parallel Port Backup

How can I tell what information will be backed up?

A blue check mark beside a drive, folderor file indicates that the entire drive,folder or file will be backed up. A graycheck mark beside a drive or folderindicates that some, but not all, of thefiles or folders within the drive or folderwill be backed up.

How can I back up my information to a different location?

You can choose to back up informationto a specific location, such as your hard drive, a removable drive, a floppydrive or a network drive. To back upinformation to one of these locations,select File in step 16 below and thenclick the Browse button ( ) to selectthe location you want.

When Windows compared my originalfiles to the files I backed up, errorswere found.What causes this?

When errors occur, they are usuallycaused by faulty disks or tape cartridges.The existence of errors probably meansthat the disks or tape cartridges you areusing are starting to wear out and shouldbe replaced.

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— The folders on thedrive you selected appear.Click a folder to display itscontents.

■ This area displays thecontents of the folder.

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± Click the box ( )beside each drive, folderand file you want to backup ( changes to ).

¡ Click Next to continue.

™ Click an option to backup all the files you selectedor only the files that arenew or have changedsince a previous backup( changes to ).

£ Click Next to continue.



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You must specify whichdrives, folders and files onyour computer you want to

back up. When you select a drive,all of the folders and files on thedrive will be backed up. If youselect a folder, all of the foldersand files within the folder will bebacked up. You can also back upindividual files.

You can choose to back up all thefiles you have selected or only the

files that are new or have changedsince a previous backup. The firsttime you perform a backup, youshould back up all the files youhave selected.

You can also specify where youwant to store the backed upinformation. All of the drives,folders and files that you choosewill be backed up to the storagemedium in the location you select.

When the backup is complete, you can have Backup compare the original files to the backed up files to make sure that all of the information was successfullybacked up.

You can also have Backup compressthe information so more files willfit on a tape cartridge or disk.Different types of files can becompressed by different amounts.

BACK UP FILES CONTINUED IV

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Backup Progress - Daily BackupMicrosoft Backup - [Daily Backup]

Monday's Backup

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Monday's Backup

– Click OK to continue.

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Click OK to close theBackup Progress window.

Click to close theMicrosoft Backup window.

■ A dialog box appearswhen the backup iscomplete.

≠ Click OK to closethe dialog box.

■ A dialog box mayappear, asking you toenter a unique name for the tape.

º Type a name for the tape.

When I start a backup, a dialogbox appears, stating that themedia contains one or morebackup sets.What should I do?

Click Overwrite if you wish toreplace the existing backup withthe current backup. If you areusing a tape cartridge to store your backup, you can add thecurrent backup to the tapecartridge without erasing the other backups on the cartridge. To add the current backupwithout replacing other backups,click Append.

Can I view information about abackup?

You can view a report at the end of a completed backup. In theBackup Progress window, click the Report button. A Notepadwindow opens and displays thereport.

How do I print a report?Many people print a copy of the report and keep it with theirstorage media so they can quicklysee information about the backup.To print the report displayed inthe Notepad window, click theFile menu and then click Print.

• Type a name for thebackup job.

■ This area shows asummary of the backupoptions you selected.

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ª Click Start to beginthe backup.

■ The Backup Progresswindow appears, showing youthe progress of the backup.

You must specify a name for the new backup job. You should use a name

that describes the files that arebeing backed up and the backupjob type. For example, a backupjob called “System Files-All Files” will let you know exactly what type of information the backup job contains.

Once the backup has started, theBackup Progress window appears,

displaying the status of the backup.The Backup Progress window alsocontains information such as thetime elapsed and the number offiles and bytes processed.

Depending on the type of backupmedium you are using, you mayneed to provide information aboutthe medium. For example, you may be asked to enter a name for thetape cartridge you are using.

You can use your computer whileMicrosoft Backup is backing upyour files, but your computer mayoperate more slowly than normal.During the backup, if you open or change a file that is part of thebackup job, the file may not beproperly backed up.


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‡ Click an option to backup all the files in the backupjob or only the files that are new or have changedsince a previous backup ( changes to ).

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° Click to saveany changes you madeto the backup job.

· Click Start to startthe backup.

■ This area lists the drives and folders on yourcomputer. Windows willback up each item thatdisplays a check mark ( ).

Note: To display the contents of a drive, click the plus sign ( )beside the drive.

Á This area displaysthe name of the backupjob. You can click thisarea to display theinformation for anotherbackup job.

How do I add folders and files to a backup job?

In the Microsoft Backup window,click the box beside the drive,folder or file that you wish to addto the backup job. A blue checkmark ( ) appears beside eachitem included in the backup job.

How do I view the number of files in a backup job?

In the Microsoft Backup window,click the View menu and thenclick Selection Information toview the number of files selectedfor backup and the number ofbytes for the selected files.

Can I save the changes to thebackup job with a different name?

In the Microsoft Backup window,choose the Job menu and thenselect Save As. Then type a newname for the backup job and clickSave. This gives you two copies of the backup job_the originalbackup job and the backup jobwith all your changes.

How do I delete a backup job?To delete a backup job you nolonger need, click the Job menu in the Microsoft Backup windowand then select Delete. Then select the backup job you want to remove and click the Deletebutton.

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Microsoft Backup - [Daily Backup]

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Microsoft Backup - [Daily Backup]

⁄ Perform steps 1 to 5on page 364 to startMicrosoft Backup.

■ The Microsoft Backupwindow and dialog boxappear.

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¤ Click Open anexisting backup job ( changes to ).

‹ Click OK to continue.

■ The Open BackupJob dialog box appears.

› Click the backup jobyou want to open.

ˇ Click Open.

■ Information for thebackup job appears in theMicrosoft Backup window.


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Daily Backup

Abackup job contains all thesettings for a backup, suchas the drives, folders and

files to be backed up, the type of backup to be performed and the backup media you want touse. You can open any backup job you have previously created to perform other backups usingthe same settings.

Microsoft Backup can storemultiple backup jobs. Forexample, you may have onebackup job that you use to backup all of your documents at theend of each week. You may haveanother backup job that you useonce a month to back up theprogram files on your computer.

When you open an existingbackup job, you can make changes

to the current settings. You canchoose to back up all the files inthe backup job or only the filesthat are new or have changedsince the last backup. You can also select new drives, folders or files to be backed up.

When you finish making changesto the backup job, you should savethe changes.

OPEN AN EXISTING BACKUP JOBIV

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› Click an option to specifywhat you want to do if themedia already containsbackups ( changes to ).

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‹ Type thepassword and thenpress the Tab key.

› Type thepassword again.

PASSWORD OPTIONS

⁄ Click the Password tab.

¤ Click this option if you wantto protect the backup with apassword ( changes to ).

‹ Click an option tospecify how you wantto compress the data( changes to ).

Should I compress all of my files?Some file formats, such as those withthe .zip or .jpg extension, are alreadycompressed and would not benefit by being compressed further. Whenbacking up files that are alreadycompressed, use the Never compressthe data option on the General tab.Using this option will also help toreduce the time it takes to complete the backup.

Should I overwrite the existingbackups on my media?

Overwriting will erase any previousbackups stored on the storage medium.You should only overwrite previousbackups if you have another copy ofthe information that you are backingup. If the computer fails during thebackup, you may not be able to accessthe files on the computer or use thebackup you were making.

What type of password should I use?You should pick a password that will bedifficult for others to guess. Passwordscan be up to eight characters in lengthand are case-sensitive. Ideally, yourpassword should be a mixture of upperand lower case letters combined withnumbers and other characters, such asBLue@321.

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⁄ Open the backup jobyou want to change.See page 370 to openan existing backup job.

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¤ Click to change theoptions for the backup job.

■ The Backup Job Optionsdialog box appears.

GENERAL OPTIONS

⁄ Click the General tab.

¤ This option comparesthe original and backupfiles to verify the data wassuccessfully backed up.Click this option to turn theoption on ( ) or off ( ).

Backup offers several optionsyou can change to simplifyand customize your backup.

The options you choose will besaved with the backup job andused every time you perform thebackup.

You can have Backup compare the files in the backup with theoriginal files on your computer toensure that the files are identicaland the backup was successful.

You can specify whether you wantBackup to compress the backed up files. If you choose the fastestway to compress information, thebackup will require more space on your storage medium. If youchoose to compress information to save space on your storagemedium, the backup job will takelonger to complete.

When backing up informationonto a tape cartridge that alreadycontains backed up information,

you can have Backup add the new backup to the tape cartridgeor replace the existing backups on the tape cartridge with the new backup.

You can also assign a password to a backup job to help preventunauthorized people fromrestoring the backup to anothercomputer. You should carefullynote your password. Without it,you will not be able to restoreyour backed up information.


CHANGE BACKUP JOB OPTIONS

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› Click OK to confirm yourselection.

ˇ Repeat steps 2 to 4 foreach file type you want toexclude from the backup.

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‹ Click this option if you will not be at yourcomputer when Windowsperforms the backup ( changes to ).

› Click OK to confirm allof your changes.

REPORT OPTIONS

⁄ Click the Report tab.

¤ Each item that displays acheck mark ( ) will appearin the report. Click an itemto add ( ) or remove ( ) a check mark.

■ This area displays thefile types registered withWindows.

‹ Click the icon for a filetype you want to exclude.

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TYPE OPTIONS

⁄ Click the Type tab.

¤ Click an option to back upall the files you have selectedor only the files that are new orhave changed since a previousbackup ( changes to ).

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‹ If you selected Newand changed files only,click an option to specifythe type of backup you want to perform ( changes to ).

EXCLUDE OPTIONS

⁄ Click the Exclude tab.

■ This area will list thetypes of files Windows willexclude from the backup.

¤ Click Add to specifythe file types you wantto exclude.

■ The Add Excludedialog box appears.


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When changing the optionsfor a backup job, you canspecify which files you

want to back up. You can back upall your selected files or only thefiles that are new or have changedsince your last backup.

If you choose to back up only newor changed files, you can select adifferential or incremental backuptype. The differential type backs up

all the selected files that havechanged since the last time youbacked up all the selected files.The incremental type backs up allthe selected files that have changedsince the last time you performedany type of backup.

You can also choose to haveWindows leave out files with acertain extension from the backup.

Backup generates a report aftereach backup has been completed.You can select what informationyou want to appear in the report.

When performing a backup, dialogboxes appear, which pause thebackup until a selection is made. If you will not be at your computerwhen the backup is performed, youcan stop Backup from displayingthese dialog boxes.

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How can I exclude a file type thatdoes not appear in the Registeredtype list?

In the Add Exclude dialog box, clickCustom type ( changes to ).Type the extension for the file typeyou want to exclude.

Can I back up the WindowsRegistry?

The Windows Registry containsinformation that Windows 98 needsto operate. You should backup theWindows Registry on a regular basisand whenever you back up all thefiles on your computer. To back upthe Windows Registry, click theAdvanced tab in the Backup JobOptions dialog box and then selectthe Back up Windows Registryoption ( changes to ).

When I open my backup job, howdo I know which files are excludedfrom the backup job?

When you exclude a file type, a red x ( ) appears beside files of that type in the Microsoft Backupwindow.

Can I view reports for previousbackups that I have performed?

You can look at old reports to view information on backups thatyou have performed. Reports areautomatically saved as text files inthe C:\Program Files\Accessories\Backup\reports folder.

° Click OK to continue.

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‚ Click the box besideeach drive, folder or fileyou want to restore ( changes to ).

Note: To display the files in a folder, click the folder.

— Click Next to continue.

■ This area displays thedrives and folders in thebackup job.

· To display the contentsof a drive, click the plussign ( ) beside the drive( changes to ).

■ This area displays thebackup job(s) stored on thetape or disk. Windows willrestore each backup job thatdisplays a check mark ( ).

‡ Click the box beside abackup job to add ( ) orremove ( ) a check mark.

Is there another way to start theRestore Wizard?

Select the Restore Wizard ( ) buttonin the Microsoft Backup window.

How can I prevent the WindowsRegistry from being restored?

If you used the backup job to back up the Windows Registry, the RestoreWizard will automatically restore theRegistry for you. If you do not wantto restore the Registry, display theMicrosoft Backup window and clickthe Restore tab. Click the Job Options ( ) button and then clickthe Advanced tab. Click the RestoreWindows registry option to turn the option off ( changes to ).

How do I restore information if my hard drive fails?

If your hard drive fails, you canrestore your information to areformatted hard drive. First, youmust install Windows 98. See page 624. Then you must install theMicrosoft Backup component. Seepage 610. You can then access andrestore the most recent backup of all your files.

Can I restore information withoutusing the Restore Wizard?

Select the Restore tab in the MicrosoftBackup window. You can then specifythe settings you want to use to restorethe information. Click Start to beginrestoring the information.

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Daily Backup on 3/9/98 at 11:51AM

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⁄ Perform steps 1 to 5 on page 364 to start MicrosoftBackup.

■ The Microsoft Backup window and dialog box appear.

¤ Insert the tape or disk thatcontains the information youwant to restore into the drive.

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‹ Click Restore backed up files ( changes to ).

› Click OK to continue.

■ The Restore Wizardappears.

ˇ This area displays whereyou will restore the filesfrom. You can click thisarea to change the location.

Á Click Next to continue.

If files on your computer arelost or damaged, you can usea backup to restore the files

to your computer. The RestoreWizard takes you step-by-stepthrough the process of restoringyour files.

If the backup is stored on morethan one tape cartridge or disk,you must start restoring the fileswith the first tape cartridge ordisk. Files must be restored in the order that they were

originally backed up. You shouldclearly label the order of all your tape cartridges or disks to prevent any confusion whenrestoring.

If you are restoring a backupfrom a tape cartridge, you canselect the backup job you want to restore from a list of backupson the tape cartridge.

Backup displays all the drives,folders and files in the backup

job, so you can select exactlywhich folders and files you wantto restore. This is useful if you donot need to restore all the files.

If your backup contains a copy of the Windows Registry, youshould not restore the Registryunless you need to. Restoring the Registry may adversely affectyour computer if your hardwareor software setup has changedsince you last backed up theRegistry.


RESTORE FILES

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Backup Progress - Daily Backup

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Backup Progress - Daily Backup

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£ Click OK to continue.

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¢ Click OK to close thedialog box.

∞ Click OK to close theRestore Progress window.

■ The Restore Progresswindow appears, showing the progress of the restore.

■ A dialog box appearswhen the restore iscomplete.

■ The Media Requireddialog box appears.

■ This area lists thetape(s) or disk(s) you willneed to restore the files.

How do I restore a differentialbackup?

A differential backup consists of onebackup containing all the files and oneor more backups containing the filesthat changed after the full backup wasperformed. To restore a differentialbackup, restore the backup containingall the files and then restore the lastbackup that was performed.

How do I restore an incrementalbackup?

An incremental backup consists of onebackup containing all the files and oneor more backups containing files thatchanged since the previous backup. Torestore an incremental backup, restorethe backup containing all the files andthen restore each of the followingbackups. You must restore the backupsin the order that they were performed.

Can I restore my backup to anothercomputer?

If the computer you want to restoreyour information to has Backupinstalled and can access the same type of backup medium, such as afloppy drive, you can restore yourinformation to the computer. Whenrestoring information to anothercomputer, make sure you do notrestore configuration files such as the Windows Registry.

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■ Windows will restore the files to the originallocation. You can click this area to restore thefiles to a different location.

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¡ Click an option to specifyhow you want to replaceexisting files during therestore ( changes to ).

™ Click Start to startthe restore.

When restoring files, you can have Backuprestore the files to

their original location on yourcomputer or to a new location.In most cases, you shouldrestore the files back to theoriginal location.

You can specify how you wantBackup to restore your files.

Restoring a file only if a file withthe same name does not exist inthe same location prevents youfrom replacing an updated filewith an older version of the file.Restoring a file to your computeronly if the file on your computeris older than the file in thebackup helps ensure that youhave all the newest files on yourcomputer. You can also have

Backup restore all the files in abackup, regardless of whether afile with the same name exists or newer files exist on yourcomputer. This method ensuresall the files in a backup will berestored to your computer.

The Restore Progress windowshows you the status of therestore.


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