WORK SITE ASSESSMENT WORK SITE ASSESSMENT AND AND

CONTROL MEASURESCONTROL MEASURES

Hazard ManagementHazard Management

Identifying Identifying Hazards Hazards

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Risk ControlsRisk Controls

EvaluationEvaluation

ReviewReview

Inspection / visit / ObservationIncident / Near misses / Accident

Frequency & Duration of ExposureSeverity / Consequences

Hierarchy of Controls

Reassess hazard after control implemented

Periodic review for continuous improvement (AUDIT)Continuous

ImprovementCycle

WHAT IS WORK SITE WHAT IS WORK SITE ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

Assessing the work site for Assessing the work site for

health and safety hazards that health and safety hazards that

potentially can harm the potentially can harm the

workersworkers

Health and Safety HazardsHealth and Safety Hazards

• Noise• Vibration• Radiation• Lighting• Heat• Cold• Fibres• Dusts

CHEMICAL

• Fumes• Gases• Aerosols• Mists• Liquids• Vapours

• Bacteria• Fungi• Insects• Viruses

• Manual handling• Repetitive movement• Restrictive working area

PSYCHOLOGICAL

• Job stress• Job monotony• Unsociable hours• Job organization

ERGONOMICALBIOLOGICAL

SAFETYPHYSICAL

• Fire/Explosion• Electrocution• Construction• Transport safety• Slips, trips & falls

WHY DO WORK SITE ASSESMENTWHY DO WORK SITE ASSESMENT

LegislationLegislation

Occupational Illness ReportOccupational Illness Report

Cluster of Cases or IllnessCluster of Cases or Illness

ConcernsConcerns

TYPES WORK SITE ASSESSMENTTYPES WORK SITE ASSESSMENT

FOLLOW A PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH

FOLLOW A PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH

AUDIT A SINGLE CATEGORY OF ACTIVITY OR HAZARD

AUDIT A SINGLE CATEGORY OF ACTIVITY OR HAZARD

DETAILED INSPECTIONSITE BY SITE

DETAILED INSPECTIONSITE BY SITE

OR

OR

How To Do Worksite How To Do Worksite AssessmentAssessment

Planning and OrganisingPlanning and Organising

Carry out inspectionCarry out inspection

EvaluationEvaluation

ReportingReporting

PLANNING AAND ORGANISINGPLANNING AAND ORGANISING Visit by appointmentVisit by appointment Check whether you will;Check whether you will;

Be accompanied by someone responsible for Be accompanied by someone responsible for health and safetyhealth and safety

See someone who explain the processSee someone who explain the processHave a chance to see representative activitiesHave a chance to see representative activitiesSee documentation on health and safetySee documentation on health and safety

Do some preliminary researchDo some preliminary research Identify the sort of hazards likely to be Identify the sort of hazards likely to be

encounteredencounteredLegal standards that are likely to applyLegal standards that are likely to apply

If visiting because of an individual’s complaint, If visiting because of an individual’s complaint, discuss it first with the complainantdiscuss it first with the complainant

INSPECTIONINSPECTION

Consider 5 P’s

- Premise

- People

- Process

- Product

- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PremisePremise- Address , location- Purpose-built or converted building

- reception- production- loading- stores- rest room- 1st aid room- accomodation- other welfare facilities

- Condition of surrounding environment, housekeeping etc…

PeoplePeople-No. of workers

- Foreign / locals- gender (male / female)- Status (manager, supervisor, labourer etc..)

-Training??

-Proper PPE??

-Any health complaints (e.g., backache, contact dermatitis etc…)- sick leave data- personal file (pre-employement / regular medical)

ProcessProcess

- Types - automation (machines) - semi-automatic - manual

- Machine guards?

- Sevice and maintenance

ProductProduct- “Occupational Hygienist” main role

- Raw material e.g, wood, PVC resin

- Finished products

- By-products e.g., wood dust

- Waste products- (waste disposal)

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)(PPE)

- Proper PPE for given task

- Cleaning and maintenance of PPE

- Training

- Disposal

EVALUATIONEVALUATION

Involves :

- Measurement of environmental paprameters such as temperature, humidity, lighting, noise, dust etc. using available hygiene instrument

- Interpretation of results by comparing with available standards

- Evaluation whether available control measures are adequate

REPORTING AND REVIEWREPORTING AND REVIEW

- Report on site visit will be sent to the employer

- CC of report to relevant authorities e.g., Labour dept.

- Report will give recommendation on control measures

- Details of inspection entered to the OHD database

- Premise will re-inspected according to condition

CONTROL MEASURESCONTROL MEASURESELIMINATIONELIMINATION

SUBSTITUTIONSUBSTITUTION

ENGINEERINGENGINEERING

ADMINISTRATIVE/PROCEDURALADMINISTRATIVE/PROCEDURAL

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Most Effective

Less Effective

if this not practicable, then

Hierarchy of Controls Measures

if this not practicable, then

if this not practicable, then

if this not practicable, then

ELIMINATIONELIMINATION

Removal of the hazard from the Removal of the hazard from the workplaceworkplace

Preferred method in controlling hazardsPreferred method in controlling hazards

E.g.,E.g., - Latex Allergy (Gloves)- Latex Allergy (Gloves)

- Manual handling- Manual handling

- Leaded fuel- Leaded fuel

SUBSTITUTIONSUBSTITUTION

Replacing a conventional material or Replacing a conventional material or process with a less harmful alternativeprocess with a less harmful alternative

E.g.,E.g., - Hypoallergenic surgical Gloves- Hypoallergenic surgical Gloves

- Use of machineries (hoist / - Use of machineries (hoist / mixer)mixer)

- Unleaded fuel- Unleaded fuel

ENGINEERING CONTROLENGINEERING CONTROL

Removing or isolating a hazard through Removing or isolating a hazard through technologytechnology

Involves change to work environment and Involves change to work environment and processprocess

Places barrier to the transmission path Places barrier to the transmission path between work or environment and the between work or environment and the hazardhazard

E.g.,E.g., - Biological safety cabinets- Biological safety cabinets- Pipettors- Pipettors- Barriers / Shield / Guard- Barriers / Shield / Guard

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

Implement or reinforce acts, policies, Implement or reinforce acts, policies, procedures and trainingprocedures and training

E.g.,E.g., - Standard operating procedures- Standard operating procedures

- Universal precautions- Universal precautions

- Signs / Labels- Signs / Labels

- Training Programme- Training Programme

- Shift / Duration of Exposure- Shift / Duration of Exposure

MandatoryMandatory Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Provide informationProvide information AssessmentAssessment Infectious substancesInfectious substances http://www.ilpi.com/msds/http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ http://www.msdssearch.com/DBLinkSN.htmhttp://www.msdssearch.com/DBLinkSN.htm

Inventory ListInventory List Legislative Requirements under:Legislative Requirements under:

Poisons Act (CPA – HSA)Poisons Act (CPA – HSA)Environmental Pollution Control Act (NEA)Environmental Pollution Control Act (NEA)

Guidelines on Risk Assessment for Occupational Guidelines on Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to harmful chemical (MCM)Exposure to harmful chemical (MCM)

A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of product stewardship and workplace safety, it is intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner, and includes information such as physical data (melting point, boiling point, flash point, etc.), toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. MSDS formats can vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements.

MSDS (material safety data sheets) are a widely used system for cataloging information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures. MSDS information may include instructions for the safe use and potential hazards associated with a particular material or product. These data sheets can be found anywhere where chemicals are being used.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)EQUIPMENT (PPE)

PPE should used as a last resort when PPE should used as a last resort when engineering controls are not possible / engineering controls are not possible / practicablepracticable

E.g.,E.g.,

- Gloves- Gloves

- Lab coat / Gowns- Lab coat / Gowns

- Mask / Respirator- Mask / Respirator

- Shoes / Boots- Shoes / Boots

- Safety Glasses / Goggles / Face Shield- Safety Glasses / Goggles / Face Shield

QUESTION AND ANSWERQUESTION AND ANSWER