WORK PACKAGE 5WORK PACKAGE 5

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTBIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

PROCESSES / EQUIPMENTS

C - Composting plant

Tube – Tube (Dano type)

AD - Anaerobic digestion plant (?)

MWS – Mixed waste sppliting plant

MT - Mechanical treatment

PT - Post-treatment

Composting (C)

Biological process for the treatment of the biodegradable fraction of waste, based essentially on the action of an aerobic

microbial population. The material should pass through a thermophilic phase, where

there is a high release of CO2, water and heat.

In the end, the process should lead to the production of stabilised organic matter

(compost).

Anaerobic Digestion (AD)

Biological process for the treatment of the biodegradable fraction of waste, based on the action of an anaerobic microbial population.

Organic matter is stabilised and biogas, which contains high concentrations of CO2 and CH4,

is produced. The AD process is usually followed by a C process for maturation

purposes.

Inputs

- Mixed waste- Biowaste SC- Organic waste CP- Organic waste CO- Fraction for BT from MWS plants- Air *- Water- Supplies (Energy)

Outputs

- Compost

- Digestate

- Rejected materials

- Off gas - (CO2, CH4, H2O, NH3, NOx, H2S)

- Leachate

- Energy

Destinies for Outputs

1. Compost (C) - Agriculture 

- Other uses (final landfill cover, landscape restoration in old and disused quarries and mines, anti-noise barriers, road construction, golf courses, ski slopes, football pitches) 

- Landfilling 

- Incineration (?)

2. Digestate (AD) - Agriculture

- Composting

 

3. Rejected materials - Recycling

- Landfilling

- Incineration

4. Off gas: C - Biofilters environment

AD - Burnt (energy recovery or not)

environment

 

5. Leachate (C) - WWTP environment

- Recirculated

 

6. Energy (AD) - TIBS

CASE STUDIES

1. INPUT MATERIALS- MSW- Biowaste- Green waste (?)

2. COMPOSTING PLANTS - Koch- Siloda

3. TUBE - BRS

4. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT ???

5. MECHANICAL TREATMENT/ WASTE SPLITTING- Trommel- Overband- Selector conveyor (after tube)

6. POST TREATMENT

- Trommel- Selector conveyor- Densimetric table

CASE STUDIES CONFIGURATION

1. MSW MWS C PT

Rejected materials

2. MSW Tube MT C PT

Rejected materials

OR

3. BIOWASTE C PT

4. BIOWASTE AD C PT

5. MSW MWS AD C PT

Rejected materials

MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSES TO BE CARRIED OUT 

1. Dry Modecom Procedure

2. Measurements in situ (composting park)

- temperature- O2, CO2 and CH4

3. Composting material and final compost

- moisture- volatile solids (organic matter)- inerts- heavy metals- synthetic and non-synthetic organic

matter- total N - SOUR  

4. Final compost

- self-heating test- phytotoxicity assay (germination

test)- Salmonella, E.coli- P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, pH, electrical

conductivity, humic compounds 

CASE STUDY ALREADY PERFORMED

Tratolixo Plant

1. MSW MWS C PT

Rejected materials

TRATOLIXO

MSW MWS C PT Compost

Rejected materials: - > 80 mm - Cardboard - Ferrous metals - Monsters

Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse - Light refuse - Coarse compost

Water

Respiration loss: CO2 + water

Fraction for composting

Leachate + water

Water Water

Composted material

MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm

2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm

1

4 (>120 mm)

3 (<120 mm)

ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)

8 (80 mm to 120 mm)

7 (Ferrous Metals)

10 (<80 mm)

6

LANDFILL

5 (Cardboard)

MANNUAL SORT

RECYCLING

9 (> 80 mm)

2 (Monsters) LANDFILL

FRACTION FOR COMPOSTING

COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks

out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)

DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1

FINE COMPOST

14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)

16 (Heavy refuse)

12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)

15

11 (Composted material)

LANDFILL

DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3

13 (<8x20 mm)

LANDFILL

Air

Water

Off gas

Leachate BIOFILTERS

WWTP

Sewer

Atmosphere

17 (Coarse compost)

FRACTION FOR COMPOSTING

MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm

2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm

1

4 (>120 mm)

3 (<120 mm)

ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)

COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks

out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)

DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1

FINE COMPOST

8 (80 mm to 120 mm)

7 (Ferrous Metals)

14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)

16 (Heavy refuse)

12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)

15

10 (<80 mm)

11 (Composted material)

6

LANDFILL

LANDFILL

DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3

13 (<8x20 mm)

LANDFILL

5 (Cardboard)

MANNUAL SORT

RECYCLING

Air

Water

Off gas

Leachate

BIOFILTERS

WWTP

Sewer

Atmosphere

9 (> 80 mm)

17 (Coarse compost)

2 (Monsters) LANDFILL

MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm

2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm

1

4 (>120 mm)

3 (<120 mm)

ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)

COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks

out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)

DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1

FINE COMPOST

8 (80 to 120 mm)

7 (Ferrous Metals)

14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)

16 (Heavy refuse)

12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)

15

10 (<80 mm)

11 (Composted material)

6

LANDFILL

LANDFILL

DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3

13 (<8x20 mm)

LANDFILL

5 (Cardboard)

MANNUAL SORT

RECYCLING

Air

Water

Off gas

Leachate

BIOFILTERS

WWTP

Sewer

Atmosphere

9 (> 80 mm)

17 (Coarse compost)

2 (Monsters) LANDFILL

WET MATTER BALANCE - FLUXES

MSW MWS C PT Compost 183 kg/inh/yr 9,42 kg/inh/yr

Rejected materials: - > 80 mm: 96,6 kg/inh/yr - Cardboard: 0,431 kg/inh/yr - Ferrous metals: 1,21 kg/inh/yr - Monsters: 6,08 kg/inh/yr

Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse: 14,5 kg/inh/yr - Light refuse: 2,31 kg/inh/yr - Coarse compost: 4,07 kg/inh/yr

Water: 1,17 kg/inh/yr

CO2 + Water: 8,46 kg/inh/yr

Fraction for composting: 75,3 kg/inh/yr

Leachate + water: 36,4 kg/inh/yr

Water: 0,739 kg/inh/yr

Water: 3,29 kg/inh/yr

Composted material: 31,7 kg/inh/yr

WET MATTER BALANCE - COEFFICIENTS

MSW MWS C PT Compost

Rejected materials Rejected materials

Water

CO2 + Water

Fraction for composting

Leachate + water Water Water

0,994

0,018 0,046 0,20 0,0040

0,0064

0,051 0,17 0,41

0,57 0,11

Composted material

WET MATTER BALANCE - SUMMARY(values relative to total input of MSW)

FRACTION FLUX (%)

Refuse 67

0,90 Recovery of material

22 Total leachate + water loss

4,6 Loss in respiration

Recovery

Composting

Compost

33

5,2 Compost

TOTAL 100

ORGANIC NON SYNTHETIC MATTER BALANCE - FLUXES

MSW MWS C PT Compost 46 kg/inh/yr 4,4 kg/inh/yr

Rejected materials: - > 80 mm: 28 kg/inh/yr - Cardboard: 0,30 kg/inh/yr - Ferrous metals: 0,043 kg/inh/yr - Monsters: 0,69 kg/inh/yr

Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse: 1,7 kg/inh/yr - Light refuse: 0,51 kg/inh/yr - Coarse compost: 1,9 kg/inh/yr

CO2 + Water: 8,6 kg/inh/yr

Fraction for composting: 17 kg/inh/yr

Composted material: 8,5 kg/inh/yr

ORGANIC NON SYNTHETIC MATTER BALANCE - COEFFICIENTS

MSW MWS C PT Compost

Rejected materials Rejected materials CO2 + Water

Fraction for composting

1,0

0,19

0,096 0,18 0,37

0,63 0,089

Composted material

NON SYNTHETIC ORGANIC MATTER BALANCE - SUMMARY

FRACTION FLUX (%) Refuse 71

0,74 Recovery of material

19 Loss in respiration

Recovery

Composting

Compost

29

9,6 Compost

TOTAL 100 50,2% of NSOM that entered the composting park was lost as

CO2 and H2O, due to respiration

NEXT 6 MONTHS

1. Biowaste composting plant

2. Measurements for the Tratolixo composting park- in situ: temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide- SOUR

3. Study of individual equipments for MSW / MT and PT (3)