work measurement techniques
TRANSCRIPT
WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Historical data methodPast performance is used as a guideline for setting work performance standards.However, past performance is not the best basis for fixing performance standards. This is because there may be many changes in technology, employees’ behavior, abilities, etc.
Time studystop watch is the most commonly used work measurement
method. This technique was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915).
Time study is best suited for short-cycle repetitive jobs. Most of the production jobs can be easily timed by a time-study.Time study procedure consists of the following steps: Select the job to be timed. Standardize the method of doing the job. Select the worker to be studied. Record the necessary details of the job and conditions of work. Divide the job into elements. Here, ’element’ is a part of the
job. Find out the time taken to do every single element. Keep provisions for relaxation, etc. Fix the standard time for doing the job.
Work Sampling WORK SAMPLING METHOD WAS ORIGINAL DEVELOPED BY LEONARD HENRY CALEB TIPPETT (1902-1985) IN BRITAIN IN 1934.
THE WORKERS ARE OBSERVED MANY TIMES AT RANDOM. IT IS DONE TO FIND OUT FOR HOW MUCH TIME THE WORKER IS ACTUALLY ON THE JOB. IT CHECKS HOW LONG HE IS WORKING AND HOW MUCH TIME HE IS NOT WORKING (IDLE TIME).
WORK SAMPLING METHOD INVOLVES FOLLOWING THREE MAIN STEPS:
DECIDING WHAT ACTIVITIES ARE DEFINED AS ’WORKING’. NON-WORKING ARE THOSE ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE NOT DEFINED AS WORKING.
OBSERVE THE WORKER AT SELECTED INTERVALS AND RECORD (WRITE DOWN) WHETHER HE IS WORKING OR NOT.
CALCULATE THE PORTION OF TIME (P), A WORKER IS WORKING.
Synthesis methodThe full job is first divided into elements (parts).
The time taken to do each element of the job is found out and synthesized (totaled). This gives the total time taken for doing the full job.
the time taken to do each element of the job is found out from previous time studiesStandard-data is the normal time taken for doing routine jobs. Standard data is easily available for routine-jobs like fitting screws, drilling holes, etc. So there is no need of calculating these times repeatedlyFor example, a job of publishing a book contains four elements viz; typing, editing, printing and binding. The time taken for doing each element is first found out. Suppose, typing takes 40 days, editing takes 30 days; printing takes 20 days and binding takes 10 days. Then the time taken to do all the elements are totaled. That is, it takes 40 + 30 + 20 + 10 = 100 days to publish a book. This information is taken from previous time studies of other printing jobs or from the standard data.
Predetermined motion time system
In ’Predetermined Motion Time System’ method or The normal times are fixed for basic human motions. These time values are
used to fix the time required for doing a job. Normally, three times are fixed for one job. That is, one time is fixed for each level of performance. The level of
performance may be normal, fast and very-fast.
Analytical estimating
Analytical estimating method or technique is used for fixing the standard time for jobs, which are very long and repetitive. The standard-time is fixed by using standard-data. standard data is not available, then the
standard time is fixed based on the experience of the work-study engineer.