work & industry in tredegar part 5 using the census
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Work & industry in Tredegar Part 5 Using the Census Tredegar, 19th century, Victorian, Industrial Revolution, coal, iron, Blaenau Gwent, Wales. www.access2heritagebg.co.ukTRANSCRIPT
165
Work & Industry in Tredegar
during the 19th century
A Key Stage 2
Educational Resource Pack
Part 5—Using the Census
166
Using the evidence collected by the
census, we can find out how many people
lived in each house, their names, how old
they were, where they were born, how
they were related and what jobs they had.
We can use a document called the census to find out what work people
did during the 19th century from 1841 to 1901. The census survey was
carried out for every house in the whole country and was made every 10
years. Later censuses provide more information than earlier ones.
How can we find out more about the jobs
that people did during the 19th century?
167
We are going to look at the people who lived in a row or short terrace of
houses called Plumber’s (or Plummer’s) Row in Tredegar.
We will start with the 1891 census and then compare this with the 1851
census for the same row of houses.
Some notes to help you with the 1891 census:
This was the first census to record the language spoken by everyone in
Wales aged 3 or above. A person who spoke Welsh only was written as
‘Welsh’; or English only was written as ‘English’. However a person who
could speak English and Welsh was written as ‘Both’.
A colliery is the same as a coal mine.
A haulier is someone who controls the horses and wagons (called
drams) that bring coal or ironstone in and out of a mine or colliery.
A scholar was a child who attended school during the day.
168
Here is the first part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row.
169
Here is the second part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row.
There are typed copies of each census sheet on the next pages.
170
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female
Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken
1 Plumers Row
OWENS, Howell Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
OWENS, Mary Wife Married F 39 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
OWENS, William Son Single M 6 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire English
OWENS, Thomas J Son Single M 3 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire English
OWENS, Mary A Daughter Single F 1 Tredegar, Monmouthshire
2 Plumers Row
ABRAHAM, Benjamin Head Married M 53 Coal Miner Dukestown, Brecknockshire Both
ABRAHAM, Margaret Wife Married F 49 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
ABRAHAM, John Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Dukestown, Brecknockshire English
ABRAHAM, Abraham Son Single M 7 Tredegar, Monmouthshire English
171
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female
Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken
3 Plumers Row
PRICE, David Head Married M 34 Haulier in Coal Mine
Rhymney, Monmouthshire Both
PRICE, Elizabeth Wife Married F 29 Rhymney, Monmouthshire Both
PRICE, David R Son M 7 Rhymney, Monmouthshire English
PRICE, Sarah J Daughter F 5 Tredegar, Monmouthshire English
PRICE, Harriet A Daughter F 11M Tredegar, Monmouthshire
4 Plumers Row
LEWIS, William Head Married M 46 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
LEWIS, Elizabeth Wife Married F 40 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
LEWIS, Thomas Son M 10 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
LEWIS, Llewellyn Son M 8 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
172
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female
Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken
5 Plumers Row
JONES, Robert Head Married M 50 Haulier Scwrfa, Brecknockshire Welsh
JONES, Joanna Wife Married F 49 Sirhowy, Monmouthshire Welsh
JONES, Martha J Daughter Single F 21 Working On Colliery Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
JONES, Watkin Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
JONES, John Son Single M 10 Scholar Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
6 Plumers Row
WIGLEY, John Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, Eliza Wife Married F 41 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, Ellen Daughter Single F 12 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, David Son Single M 15 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, Thomas Son Single M 3 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, Margery Daughter Single F 10 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
WIGLEY, Charlotte Daughter Single F 6 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
DAVIES, Metress Boarder Married M 26 Coal Miner Pontypool, Monmouthshire Both
173
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female
Age Occupation Where Born Language spoken
7 Plumers Row
JONES, Jane Head Widow F 78 North Wales Both
JONES, Maurice Son Single M 31 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Both
8 Plumers Row
ROBERTS, Edward Head Married M 68 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
ROBERTS, Hannah Wife Married F 70 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
ROBERTS, David Son Single M 26 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
ROBERTS, Edward Grandson Single M 13 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
CLEMENTS, Thomas Son in law Married M 30 Coal Miner Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
CLEMENTS, Margaret Daughter Married F 30 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
CLEMENTS, Sarah A Grand-daughter
Single F 7 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
CLEMENTS, Richard Grandson Single M 3 Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
CLEMENTS, Margaret Grand-daughter
Single F 6M Tredegar, Monmouthshire Welsh
174
After studying each of the 1891 census sheets carefully:
Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).
Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to
earn a living.
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.
Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person
with a job?
Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those
aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and
those aged over 60.
What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women
and girls had.
175
Next, we are going to look at Plumber’s Row for the 1851 census.
Most of the 1851 census was completed in Welsh however English
translations are provided for all the sheets.
If you would prefer to work directly from original census sheets in
English only, there are copies of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row at
the end of this section (pp.181-186) although please note that houses
numbered 6 to 8 are missing from the original census returns for 1861.
Some extra notes to help you with the 1851 census:
This was the first census to record the place where everyone was born.
Ironstone or the rock that contained iron ore was called ‘mine’. This
means that a ‘miner’ was someone who worked in an ironstone mine but
not a coal mine. Coal mines were almost always called ‘collieries’ and
miners of coal were called ‘colliers’ at this time rather than ‘miners!’
Women often worked as labourers underground and above ground on
the ‘patches’ gathering, cleaning, filling and unloading drams with iron-
stone or ‘mine’ as it was known at the time.
176
Here is the first part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.
177
Here is the second part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.
178
Here is the third part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.
There are typed copies of each of the 3 census sheets including
English translations on the next pages.
179
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 1 Plumbers Row
DAVIES, Daniel Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 34 Mwynwr Sir Gaerfyrddin, Cilycwm
DAVIES, Ann Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 24 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
DAVIES, Elizabeth Merch F 2 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
DAVIES, Mary Ann Merch F 11 mon Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
No. 2 Plumbers Row
JONES, Hugh Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 39 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Clewyn
JONES, Jane Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 35 Sir Gaernarfon, Pwllheli
JONES, Edward Mab M 12 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Llanaber
JONES, Robert Mab M 9 Mwynwr Sir Frycheiniog, Llangynidr?
JONES, John Mab M 6 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
JONES, Ann Merch F 8 mis Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
THOMAS, Robert Nai yng nghyfraith M 9 Ysgolor Sir Gaernarfon, Tremadog
THOMAS, Eunice Nith yng nghyfraith F 6 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
THOMAS, Richard Nai yng nghyfraith M 4 Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
180
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 1 Plumbers Row
DAVIES, Daniel Head Married M 34 Miner Carmarthenshire, Cilycwm
DAVIES, Ann Wife Married F 24 Monmouthshire, Tredegar
DAVIES, Elizabeth Daughter F 2 Monmouthshire, Tredegar
DAVIES, Mary Ann Daughter F 11 mon Monmouthshire, Tredegar
No. 2 Plumbers Row
JONES, Hugh Head Married M 39 Miner Merionethshire, Clewyn
JONES, Jane Wife Married F 35 Carnarvonshire, Pwllheli
JONES, Edward Son M 12 Miner Merionethshire, Llanaber
JONES, Robert Son M 9 Miner Brecknockshire, Llangynidr?
JONES, John Son M 6 Scholar Monmouthshire, Tredegar
JONES, Ann Daughter F 8 mon Monmouthshire, Tredegar
THOMAS, Robert Nephew in law M 9 Scholar Carnarvonshire, Tremadog
THOMAS, Eunice Neice in law F 6 Monmouthshire, Tredegar
THOMAS, Richard Nephew in law M 4 Monmouthshire, Tredegar
English translation
181
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation , Disability Where Born
No. 3 Plumbers Row
WILLIAMS, William Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 52 Mwynwr Glamorganshire, Merthyr
WILLIAMS, Mary Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 54 Carmarthenshire, Cydweli
WILLIAMS, Isaac Mab M 20 Mwynwr Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Rachel Merch F 11 Gwniadyddes Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, John Penteulu M 29 Mwyn Gloddiwr Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Joice Gwraig F 29 Sir Gaerfyrddin, Abernant?
No. 4 Plumbers Row
PRICE, Thomas Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 42 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Janet Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 33 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Thomas Mab M 12 Mwynwr Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Daniel Mab M 6 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Ann Merch F 3 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Elizabeth Merch F 9 mon Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
182
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation , Disability Where Born
No. 3 Plumbers Row
WILLIAMS, William Head Married M 52 Miner Glamorganshire, Merthyr
WILLIAMS, Mary Wife Married F 54 Carmarthenshire, Kidwelly
WILLIAMS, Isaac Son M 20 Miner Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Rachel Daughter F 11 Dressmaker Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, John Head M 29 Miner (ironstone) Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Joice Wife F 29 Carmarthenshire, Abernant?
No. 4 Plumbers Row
PRICE, Thomas Head Married M 42 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Janet Wife Married F 33 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Thomas Son M 12 Miner Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Daniel Son M 6 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Ann Daughter F 3 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Elizabeth Daughter F 9 mon Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
English translation
183
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 5 Plumbers Row
EVANS, Morgan Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 41 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
EVANS, Ann Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 30 Sir Frycheiniog, Aberedw
EVANS, Catherine Merch F 9 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
EVANS, Walter Mab M 5 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
EVANS, Morgan Mab M 1 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Daniel Ymwelydd Heb Briodi M 24 Mwynwr Sir Gaerfyrddin, Llangendeirne
DAVIES, David Ymwelydd Heb Briodi M 24 Haulier Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
No. 6 Plumbers Row
JONES, Thomas Penteulu Wedi Priodi M 56 Mwynwr Sir Drefaldwyn, Machynlleth
JONES, Elizabeth Gwraig Wedi Priodi F 48 Sir Feirionydd, Pennal
JONES, David Mab Heb Briodi M 23 Mwynwr Sir Feirionydd, Tywyn
JONES, Richard Mab M 8 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
184
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 5 Plumbers Row
EVANS, Morgan Head Married M 41 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Ann Wife Married F 30 Brecknockshire, Aberedw
EVANS, Catherine Daughter F 9 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Walter Son M 5 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Morgan Son M 1 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Daniel Visitor Unmarried M 24 Miner Carmarthenshire, Llangendeirne
DAVIES, David Visitor Unmarried M 24 Haulier Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
No. 6 Plumbers Row
JONES, Thomas Head Married M 56 Miner Montgomeryshire, Machynlleth
JONES, Elizabeth Wife Married F 48 Merionethshire, Pennal
JONES, David Son Unmarried M 23 Miner Merionethshire, Tywyn
JONES, Richard Son M 8 Scholar Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
English translation
185
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 7 Plumbers Row
MARTTIN, Ann Penteulu Gweddw F 36 Mine Labour Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Hannah Merch Heb Briodi F 15 Mine Labour Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Charles Mab M 8 Ysgolor Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Elizabeth Merch F 6 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Ann Merch F 4 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, William Mab M 2 Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
No. 8 Plumbers Row
JENKINS, Evan Head Married M 28 Iron Miner Brecknockshire, Defynnog
JENKINS, Mary Wife Married F 23 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
JENKINS, Gwenllian Daughter F 2 Brecknockshire, Llangynidr
186
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 7 Plumbers Row
MARTTIN, Ann Head Widow F 36 Mine Labour Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Hannah Daughter Unmarried F 15 Mine Labour Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Charles Son M 8 Scholar Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Elizabeth Daughter F 6 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Ann Daughter F 4 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, William Son M 2 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
No. 8 Plumbers Row
JENKINS, Evan Head Married M 28 Iron Miner Brecknockshire, Defynnog
JENKINS, Mary Wife Married F 23 Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
JENKINS, Gwenllian Daughter F 2 Brecknockshire, Llangynidr
English translation
187
After studying the 1851 census sheets carefully:
Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).
Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to
earn a living.
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.
Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person
with a job?
Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those
aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and
aged over 60.
What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women
and girls had.
What are the differences with your findings for 1891?
188
Here is the first part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row.
189
Here is the second part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row.
There is a typed copy of each of the 2 census sheets on the next page.
Numbers 6 to 8 are missing from the original census.
190
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 1 Plumbers Row
MORGAN, David Head Married M 55 Iron Miner Llywel, Breconshire
MORGAN, Mary Wife Married F 48 Llanfairarybryn, Carmarthenshire
MORGAN, Elisabeth Daughter Unmarried F 23 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Mary Daughter Unmarried F 18 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Ann Daughter Unmarried F 18 Unloading Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Caroline Daughter Unmarried F 6 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
No. 2 Plumbers Row
LEWIS, Lewis Head Married M 40 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Sarah Wife Married F 39 Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Daniel Son Unmarried M 20 Iron Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Margaret Daughter Unmarried F 18 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Catherine Daughter Unmarried F 15 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Mary Daughter Unmarried F 12 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Rebecca Daughter F 10 Gathering Iron Mine Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Elisabeth Daughter F 5 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
191
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 3 Plumbers Row
BEBB, John Head Married M 27 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
BEBB, Rachel Wife Married F 24 Merthyr, Glamorganshire
BEBB, John Son M 5 Scholar Merthyr, Glamorganshire
BEBB, William Son M 3 Scholar Merthyr, Glamorganshire
HOWELLS, Mary Boarder Unmarried F 22 Coal filler Merthyr, Glamorganshire
No. 4 Plumbers Row
JONES, Elizabeth Head Widow F 59 House Keeper Montgomeryshire, Wales
JONES, Richard Son Unmarried M 38 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
WILLIAM, Richard Lodger Widower M 69 Coal Miner Breconshire
192
Name Relation Condition Male/ Female Age Occupation Where Born
No. 5 Plumbers Row
LEWIS, Thomas Head Married M 44 Coal Miner Breconshire
LEWIS, Rachel Wife Married F 42 Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Margaret Daughter Unmarried F 18 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, John Son Unmarried M 15 Coal Miner Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Ann Daughter F 13 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Elisabeth Daughter F 10 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Mary Daughter F 8 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Hannah Daughter F 6 Scholar Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
RICHARDS, Frances Boarder Unmarried F 25 Iron Mine Filler Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
193
After studying the 1861 census sheets carefully:
Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs).
Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to
earn a living.
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had.
Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person
with a job?
Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those
aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and
aged over 60.
What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have?
Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women and girls
had.
What are the differences with your findings for 1891?