Work, Force, and EnergyWork, Force, and Energy

ThermochemistryThermochemistry

Work, Force, and EnergyWork, Force, and Energy

Work, Force, and EnergyWork, Force, and Energy WorkWork is only accomplished when a is only accomplished when a

forceforce moves an object some moves an object some distancedistance

ForceForce = a push or a pull = a push or a pull WorkWork = Force x distance = Force x distance EnergyEnergy = the ability to do work = the ability to do work The Newton – meter = the The Newton – meter = the joulejoule

Energy from the SunEnergy from the Sun

Energy from the SunEnergy from the Sun PlantsPlants are the only organisms that can make are the only organisms that can make

their own food.their own food. These are called These are called autotrophsautotrophs

Plants use sunlight, water, and minerals to Plants use sunlight, water, and minerals to make food in a process called make food in a process called PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

The transfer of energy from the Sun, to the The transfer of energy from the Sun, to the plants, to the animals is called a plants, to the animals is called a Food ChainFood Chain.. Animals are Animals are HeterotrophsHeterotrophs..

Energy From the SunEnergy From the Sun The amount of energy food contains The amount of energy food contains

is measured in is measured in CaloriesCalories A A CalorimeterCalorimeter is used to measure is used to measure

the energy in food.the energy in food. Stored energy from the Sun is found Stored energy from the Sun is found

in the form of in the form of Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels..

Potential and Kinetic EnergyPotential and Kinetic Energy

Potential and Kinetic EnergyPotential and Kinetic Energy Potential EnergyPotential Energy is stored energy, or is stored energy, or

energy of position.energy of position. A book lifted to the edge of a table has A book lifted to the edge of a table has

Potential EnergyPotential Energy.. Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy is the energy of is the energy of

motion.motion. A battery has A battery has ChemicalChemical potential potential

energy.energy.

Seven forms of energySeven forms of energy

Seven forms of energySeven forms of energy The seven forms of energy are:The seven forms of energy are:

MechanicalMechanical HeatHeat ChemicalChemical RadiantRadiant ElectricalElectrical SoundSound NuclearNuclear

Seven forms of energySeven forms of energy MechanicalMechanical energyenergy is the energy of is the energy of

motion.motion. HeatHeat energyenergy is related to the is related to the

movement of the particles that make movement of the particles that make up matter.up matter.

ElectricalElectrical energyenergy is the movement of is the movement of electrons.electrons.

RadiantRadiant energyenergy includes light, x-rays, includes light, x-rays, and radio waves.and radio waves.

Seven forms of energySeven forms of energy During During PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis carbon carbon

dioxide, minerals, and water are dioxide, minerals, and water are turned into turned into GlucoseGlucose (which is a (which is a sugar) and oxygen.sugar) and oxygen.

Seven forms of energySeven forms of energy NuclearNuclear energyenergy has to do with the has to do with the

nucleus.nucleus.

Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy

Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy

The law of conservation of energy The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be states that energy cannot be createdcreated or or destroyeddestroyed just just convertedconverted from one form to from one form to another.another.

Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy

When we lift a ball to a certain point, When we lift a ball to a certain point, we have given it we have given it PotentialPotential energy. energy.

When we release the ball, the When we release the ball, the potential energy is converted to potential energy is converted to KineticKinetic energy. energy.

Measuring Energy ChangesMeasuring Energy Changes

Measuring Energy ChangesMeasuring Energy Changes FrictionFriction is defined as the resistance is defined as the resistance

to relative motion between two to relative motion between two bodies in contanct.bodies in contanct.

A Newton moved for one meter = A Newton moved for one meter = one one Joule (J)Joule (J)

Measuring Energy ChangesMeasuring Energy Changes The energy required to raise the The energy required to raise the

temperature of one gram of water by temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is one degree Celsius is 4.194.19 J. J.

This is equal to 1 This is equal to 1 caloriecalorie.. 10001000 calories = 1 calories = 1 kilocaloriekilocalorie = 1 = 1

CalorieCalorie

1. The energy in food is measured 1. The energy in food is measured in _____.in _____.

A) watts A) watts B) newtons B) newtons C) calories C) calories D) coulombs D) coulombs

2. Another word for a joule is a 2. Another word for a joule is a Newton-meter.Newton-meter.

A) true A) true B) false B) false

3. Energy from the Sun is stored in 3. Energy from the Sun is stored in _____._____.

A) nitrogen A) nitrogen B) uranium B) uranium C) fossil fuels C) fossil fuels D) nuclear fuel D) nuclear fuel

4. Which has the greatest amount of 4. Which has the greatest amount of potential energy?potential energy?

A) a cat standing on a dining room table A) a cat standing on a dining room table B) a cat laying under a dining room table B) a cat laying under a dining room table C) a cat chasing a mouse in the kitchen C) a cat chasing a mouse in the kitchen D) a cat up a tree D) a cat up a tree

5. Mechanical energy is the 5. Mechanical energy is the energy of _____.energy of _____.

A) motion A) motion B) sunlight B) sunlight C) a battery C) a battery D) the nucleus D) the nucleus

6. In which form is energy from 6. In which form is energy from the light of the Sun?the light of the Sun?

A) sound A) sound B) radiant B) radiant C) chemical C) chemical D) mechanical D) mechanical

7. According to the Law of 7. According to the Law of Conservation, energy can be Conservation, energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It neither created nor destroyed. It can, however, be _____.can, however, be _____.

A) turned into gravity A) turned into gravity B) stored in generators B) stored in generators C) converted to another form C) converted to another form D) totally used up in industry D) totally used up in industry

8. Heat energy is associated with 8. Heat energy is associated with _____._____.

A) the movement of atoms A) the movement of atoms B) dissipation of heat and light B) dissipation of heat and light C) absorption of heat and light C) absorption of heat and light D) conversion of heat into light D) conversion of heat into light

9. Potential energy is defined as 9. Potential energy is defined as _____._____.

A) energy which is stored A) energy which is stored B) energy released by foods B) energy released by foods C) energy of moving objects C) energy of moving objects D) energy released by chemicals D) energy released by chemicals

10. What is the standard scientific 10. What is the standard scientific unit (SI unit) for measuring unit (SI unit) for measuring energy or energy change?energy or energy change?

A) BTU A) BTU B) joule B) joule C) calorie C) calorie D) kilocalorie D) kilocalorie