work and simple machines swbat define work; distinguish the different types of simple machines;...
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Work and Simple Machines
SWBAT define work; distinguish the different types of simple machines; explain how machines make work easier
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Work
• Work• is done when a force causes and object to move in the same
direction as the force that is applied.• What is work measured in?
• Joules, named after James Prescott Joule, who showed that work and energy are related
• Work Equation• Work = Force x Distance• W = Fd
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Applying Math
• A weight lifter lifts a 500 N weight a distance of 2 meters from the floor to a position over his head. How much work did he do?
• In your groups try the following two problems:• Using a force of 50 N, you push a computer cart 10
meters across the classroom floor. How much work did you do?
• How much work does an Olympic sprinter do while running a 200 meter race with a force of 6 N?
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What is a machine?
• Simple machine • a machine that uses only one movement.
• Compound machine • a combination of simple machines.
• How do machines make work easier?• Can change the size of force you apply• Can change the direction of the force
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Mechanical Advantage
• Mechanical advantage • the number of times the applied force is increased by
a machine.• Mechanical advantage equation
• Mechanical advantage = force out force in
MA = Fo_ Fi
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Simple Machines
• Pulley • is an object, like a wheel, that has a groove with a
rope or cable running through it.• Lever
• is a rod or a plank that pivots about a fixed point. The pivot point is called the fulcrum.
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3 classes of levers
• First Class Lever• The fulcrum is between the input and output force.
Fulcrum
Load
Effort
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3 classes of levers
• Second Class Levers• The output force is applied between the input force
and the fulcrumLoad
Effort
Fulcrum
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3 classes of levers
• Third Class Levers• The output force is applied at the bottom end of the
stick.Load
EffortFulcrum
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Simple Machines
• Wheel and axle • is made of two round objects that are attached and
rotate together about the same axis.• Inclined plane
• a sloped surface, sometimes called a ramp.
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Simple Machines
• Wedge • a moving inclined plane, with one or two sloping
sides. It changes the direction of the input force.• Screw
• an inclined plane that wraps around a post.